ICheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) - isilwane esifuyayo, uhlobo - izingulule. Lo ngummeli wokugcina emndenini wakhe, kepha azikho izingulule ezisele emhlabeni. Isici sayo esihlukile ukuthi - isilwane esisheshayo emhlabeni futhi singashesha sifinyelele ku-120 km / h, futhi le kati inezihlakala ezingaphendukeki - lesi sici asitholakali kwezinye izinyangi.
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Incazelo
Umqapheli ojwayelekile angacabanga ukuthi i-cheetah isilwane esibuthakathaka kakhulu nesibuthakathaka: mncane, uyiselula, ngaphandle kokwehla kwamanoni angenamikhawulo, izicubu nemikhono nje, embozwe ngombala wesikhumba ongavamile. Kepha empeleni, lo mzimba we-feline ukhule ngokwedlulele futhi uhlaba umxhwele ngokubona kwawo.
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Umuntu omdala angafinyelela kumitha ukuphakama futhi ubude bawo bube ngu-120 cm; isisindo sabo esiseduze singama-50 kg. Uboya, obumfishane futhi obunqabile, bunombala okhanyayo, onesihlabathi, lapho wonke umhlaba ngaphandle kwesisu, kufakwa izimpawu ezincane ezimnyama zobukhulu obuhlukahlukene nobukhulu. Ijazi elinjalo loboya lifudumeza kahle ikati ngesikhathi sezulu esibandayo futhi liyisindise ekushiseni ngokweqile ekushiseni okukhulu. Ukusuka ngumbala onsundu, amehlo egolide emlonyeni, imigqa emincane, hhayi ngaphezu kwesentimitha ububanzi, imigqa emnyama ebizwa ngokuthi “amamaki ezinyembezi” yehlela. Ngokungezelela izinhloso zokuhlobisa ubuhle, le mikhakha idlala indima yokuzibonela ezimangalisayo - zikuvumela ukuthi ugxile amehlo akho ekukhiqizeni nasekuvikeleni elangeni.
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Abesilisa, ngokungafani nabesifazane, bane-mane elincane lezinwele ezinde entanyeni yabo. Kuyiqiniso, ngemuva nje kokuzalwa, wonke amakati aqukethe lo mhlobiso, kodwa lapho esenezinyanga eziyi-2,5 anyamalala emaphaketheni. Phezu kwe-mane, ekhanda elincane, uma liqhathaniswa nomzimba, kunezindlebe ezincane, eziyindilinga, ikhala limnyama.
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Ochwepheshe bayathemba ukuthi wonke izingulule zinombono womhlaba nawokubonana. Bangakwazi ukulandelela ngasikhathi sinye umdlalo okhethelwe ukuzingela futhi babuke okwenzekayo nxazonke. Ngenxa yalesi sici, babhekwa njengabazingeli abangenakulinganiswa, izilwane ezilandelwa yizo cishe azinalo ithuba lokusindiswa.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobo zezingulule
Ukubhaliswa okungu-5 kuphela kwalesi silwane esinomusa okusindile kuze kube namuhla:
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I-1.African cheetah (izinhlobo ezi-4):
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- Acinonyx jubatus hecki,
- Acinonyx jubatus fearoni,
- Acinonyx jubatus jubatus,
- Acinonyx jubatus soemmerringi,
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Izingulule zase-Asiatic ziyehluka kubalingani bazo base-Afrika entanyeni enamandla kakhulu nezinyawo ezifinqiwe. Futhi phambilini, ososayensi bahlukanisa enye inhlobonhlobo yengulule - emnyama, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwavela ukuthi laba bantu baseKenya bamane nje baphambuka ngokungenhloso ngokushintshwa kwezakhi zofuzo.
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Ngesinye isikhathi, njengezinye izilwane ezincelisayo, izingulule zingatholakala nge-albino, okuthiwa amakati asebukhosini. Esikhundleni samabala, imivimbo emide emnyama idonswa emgogodleni wayo, umbala ulula, kanti i-mane imfishane futhi imnyama. Kwakukhona futhi impikiswano enkulu ngabo emhlabeni wesayensi: ososayensi bebengazi ukuthi bazisho izinhlobo ezihlukile, noma ukuthi lezo zinto zangaphandle zingumphumela wokuguquka kwezakhi. Uhlobo lwakamuva lwabonakala ngemuva kokuba ikati lizalelwe zingulule zasebukhosini ngo-1968, okwakungafani nhlobo nezihlobo ezivamile ezazingezasebukhosini.
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Habitat
I-cheetah iyindawo ehlala ezindaweni zemvelo ezinjengehlane kanye ne-savannah, isimo esiyisisekelo sokuphila siyimpumuzo eyisicaba, eyondlekile ngokweqile. Phambilini, laba bantu abasuselwa ezweni bangatholakala cishe kuwo wonke amazwe ase-Asiya, kepha manje sebeqothulwe ngokuphelele eGibhithe, e-Afghanistan, eMorocco, eNtshonalanga yeSahara, eGuinea, e-United Arab Emirates, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile abantu bangatholakala e-Iran. Manje izwe lakubo yi-Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Somalia neSudan. Ngaphezu kwalokho, atholakala eTanzania, eTogo, e-Uganda, eChad, e-Ethiopia, eCentral African Republic naseNingizimu Afrika. ESwaziland, inani labo liphinde lavuselelwa ngobuciko.
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Lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zibhekwa njengezinyamalele:
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- Acinonyx aicha,
- I-Acinonyx intermedius,
- Acinonyx kurteni,
- I-Acinonyx pardinensis ingulule yaseYurophu.
Endle, lekati enkulu ingaphila kusuka eminyakeni engama-20 kuye kwengama-25, futhi ekuthunjweni kuze kufinyelele kuma-32.
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Okudingayo
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwezingulule yilezi:
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- amagagasi
- Amathole asendle
- impala
- amaheya
- amagagasi.
Ebusuku, lesi sidlo sokuzingela kuyaqabukela kakhulu futhi sikhetha ukusebenza kuphela ekuseni noma ekushoneni kwelanga, lapho ukushisa kuncipha, nemisebe yelanga ingaboni.
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Cishe akakaze asebenzise iphunga ngesikhathi sokuzingela; isikhali sakhe esiyinhloko kungumbono obukhali nesivinini. Njengoba ingekho indawo yokucasha esigxotsheni, izingulule azizihlaseli lapho zifikelwa khona, uma sezibonile isisulu sesikhathi esizayo, ziyifinyelela ngokweqa okuningi, ziyishaye phansi ngethawula elinamandla futhi ziyinqume umphimbo. Uma ngesikhathi sokuqala kwama-300 m ukuxosha inyamazane kungafinyeleleki, ukuphishekela kuyeka: ukugijima okusheshayo kuqeda isilo, futhi umthamo omncane wamaphaphu awuvumeli ukujaha isikhathi eside.
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Ukuzala
Izingulule zivuthwa ngokocansi eneminyaka engu-2,5 kuya ku-2, ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-85 kuye kwezingama-95, inzalo izalwa ingenakuzisiza ngokuphelele. Kuze kufinyelele ezinsukwini eziyi-15 ubudala, amakati akaboni, awakwazi ukuhamba futhi akhasa kuphela. Zonke ukunakekela amathole zilele emahlombe ezinsikazi kuphela, ezikhulisa izingane phakathi nonyaka, kuze kube u-estrus olandelayo. Ukubamba iqhaza kwabesilisa ekukhiqizweni kwezinhlobo kuphela kuphela lapho kwenziwa umanyolo.
Ukubukeka
Kuhlukile kwamanye amakati. Umzimba unciphile, unemisipha ekhule kahle futhi cishe ayikho imali ebekiwe, kubukeka sengathi ithambile. Ingulule inekhanda elincane, amehlo asezingeni eliphakeme nezindlebe ezincane eziyindilinga - okuwukuthi, isakhiwo somzimba, esisebenza ngokujikeleza kangcono ngenkathi kugijima isivinini esikhulu. Futhi, i-cheetah inesifuba namaphaphu omthamo omkhulu, okubuye kube nomthelela ekuphefumuleni kakhulu ngenkathi kugijima isivinini. Umbala unesihlabathi ophuzi, esinamabala amancane amnyama asabalale emzimbeni wonke, imicu emincane emnyama ezinhlangothini zesifumbu. Isisindo sengulule yabantu abadala sisuka kuma-40 kuye kwangama-65 kg, ubude bomzimba sisuka ku-115 kuya ku-140 cm, umsila omkhulu kunobude bawo bufika kuma-80 cm. Ukuphakama lapho izinduna zivame ngamasentimitha angama-75 kuye kwangama-90.
Izindlawu zithathekile ngokwengxenye, okungajwayelekile kumakhethini amaningi futhi ngaphandle kwengulule, ibonwa kuphela kubadobi bekati, amakati weSumatran nase-Iriomotean.
Umsoco
Izingulule zingabahlaseli besikhathi sasemini. Zidla ikakhulu kuma-unulates aphakathi: amabhungane, amabala, izinkabi zasendle, kanye nokukhotha. Ingulule inganqoba inciniba. I-87% yokukhiqizwa kwengulule yinyathi kaThompson. E-Asia, inyamazane eyinhloko eyayidla inyamazane kwakungu-gazelles. Amantshontsho avame ukuzingela ekuseni noma kusihlwa, lapho kungashisi kakhulu, kepha kukhanya ngokwanele. Okugxilwe ngokubona kunephunga.
Isimiso sokuzingela
Ngokungafani nezinye izingulule ze-feline ukuzingela, ukuxosha inyamazane, hhayi ukuhlasela kuqhamuka. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi indawo yokuhlala yemvelo yezingulule nezinto ezizingelayo iyindawo evulekile futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukuntuleka cishe ngokuphelele kwamathuba okuqamukela. Okokuqala, basondela kwesisulu esikhethiwe ibanga elingamamitha ayi-10 (cishe akukho okufihliwe), bese bezama ukumbamba ngomjaho omfishane. Ekuphishekeleni isisulu, afinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-130 km / h, ashesha afike ku-75 km / h ngemizuzwana emi-2. Ingulule isebenza ngokugxuma okuyi-6m m, ichithe imizuzwana engaphansi kwe-0.5 kugxuma ngakunye. Ngesikhathi somjaho we-sprint, izinga lokuphefumula kwe-cheetah likhuphuka liye ngezikhathi ezingama-150 ngomzuzu. Ingulule iyakwazi nokushintsha ngokushesha ukuqondisa. Ngenkathi egijima, izingulule ze-cheetah zisebenza njengama-Stud amabhuzu. Umgogodla oguquguqukayo ukuvumela ukuthi ugijime, cishe ngaphandle kokuphakamisa ama-paws akho emhlabathini, futhi ugcine ikhanda lakho ukuphakama okufanayo. Umsila usiza ukugcina ibhalansi ngenkathi isebenza. Emehlo, indawo yokubonakala okucacile idlula imisebe eqondile eqondile ukuze ungaphuthelwa ukubuka inyamazane lapho ijika ngokuqinile iye ohlangothini (izindlela ezijubane eliphezulu ezibukhali ziyindlela ephumelelayo futhi evame ukusetshenziswa yokufiphaza kude nokulandela inyamazane). Ingulule ivame ukuqaqa inyamazane yezinyawo zayo ngokushaya kovalo lwangaphambili, isebenzisa uzipho olusendaweni yangaphakathi yesandla, bese iyigoqa. Amandla e-kinetic athwalwa ngumzimba we-cheetah eqa ngejubane elikhulu kakhulu asiza ekudonsi phansi isilwane esikhulu nesindayo kunaso. Ukugijima okusheshayo kwengulule kuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzwana engamashumi amabili ibanga elingadluli kumamitha ayi-400. Ijerk enjalo idinga ukuphuma komoya ophuma emisipha ekhipha izinhliziyo ezisebenza ngamandla ngisho namaphaphu ashubile we-cheetah. Futhi uma isisulu sehluleka ukuthola amamitha ayikhulu okuqala, ingulule imisa nje ukuphishekela lokho. Naphezu kwejubane layo eliphakeme, cishe kuphela ngamaphesenti angama-50 amacala isilo esilandelwa ingulule esiba yisisulu saso. E-Afrika, ingulule ibuthaka kakhulu kwabazingeli abakhulu. Ama-Hyenas, izingwe namabhubesi kuvame ukuthatha izinyamazane kuma-cheetahs, kuvame ukusebenzisa ithuba lokuthi ingulule idinga kuze kufike isigamu sehora ukuze iphumule ngemuva kokujaha okusheshayo. Ingulule idla lezo zilwane kuphela azibulale, kwesinye isikhathi idonsela inyamazane ehlathini ukuyifihla kwezinye izinyamazane, futhi idle kamuva, kepha ivame ukuzingela isikhathi ngasinye.
Ingulule ayifihli inyamazane emgodleni, ngokungafani, ngokwesibonelo, ingwe, futhi emvelweni akukho amacala aziwayo ukuthi wayezobuyela kuyo. Futhi izingulule azinalo nethuba elincane kakhulu lokwenza lokhu - izinsalela zokudla kwakhe okufushane ziheha njalo abantu abaningi abafuna ukwenza inzuzo ngokudla komunye umuntu.
Ukusatshalaliswa
Iningi labantu be-cheetah lise-Afrika: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Chad, CAR , I-Ethiopia kanye neNingizimu Afrika. E-Asia, azikho izingulule eziningi kakhulu ezisele: isisekelo sendawo yokuhlala sekulondoloziwe, mhlawumbe kuphela enkabeni ye-Iran.
Ngokusobala, izinhlobo zavele zanyamalala ngokuphelele emazweni anjenge: Afghanistan, Djibouti, Egypt, Western Sahara, Cameroon, Libya, Malawi, Mali, neMauritania, Mororiya, Nigeria, Pakistan, Senegal. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuqinisekile ngokuphelele.
Kusukela ngonyaka ka-2015, kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane eziyi-6.7 basindile, okuyi-1960 esifundeni sase-East Africa, okungu-4 190 eNingizimu Afrika kanye nengu-440 eNtshonalanga, eNyakatho nase-Afrika Ephakathi (ukulinganisa kwesifunda kusekelwe kumininingwane ye-2007. iminyaka). Ngakho-ke, inani elikhulu kunazo zonke lezingulule lihlala eningizimu yezwekazi. Ama-cheetah amaningi ayehlala endaweni yaseBotswana - 1800 (idatha ka-2007).
Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo
Ushizi, ngokusobala, ucishe wafa phakathi nenkathi yokugcina yeqhwa, wedlula “ngebhodlela”. Izingulule ezikhona ziyizihlobo eziseduzane, ngakho-ke zibonisa izimpawu zokuwohloka kofuzo okubangelwa ukuhlangana kwezihlobo. Isibonelo, izingulule zinesibalo esiphakeme kakhulu sokushona kwezinsana: ngaphezu kwengxenye yamawundlu awahlali unyaka.
Phambilini, izingulule, ngenxa yesakhiwo esikhethekile semizimba yazo, zazihlukaniswe yiziqholo ezizimele zeshizi (Acinonychinae IPocock, ngo-1917), kepha ucwaningo lwezakhi zofuzo lwembula ukuhlangana kwazo ngokusondelana nama-pusas e-genus, yingakho izingulule zabelwa amabutho amancane amakati (UFelinae).
Ukulandela okulandelayo
Ngokusho kocwaningo lukaKrausman noMorales (2005), okwamanje kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu zeshizi ezihlukene, ezine e-Afrika kanti eyodwa e-Asia:
- Acinonyx jubatus hecki (Hilzheimer, 1913): North West Africa kanye neSahara,
- Acinonyx jubatus fearoni (Smith, 1834): EMpumalanga Afrika,
- Acinonyx jubatus jubatus (Schreber, 1775): South Africa,
- Acinonyx jubatus soemmerringi (Fitzinger, 1855): ENortheast Africa.
Phambilini kwaqashelwa ezinye izazi zezilwane njengengxenye ehlukile ye-Acinonyx jubatus raineyii (Heller, 1913) i-East Africa kanye ne-subspecies Acinonyx jubatus jubatus beqhathaniswa ngokuhlaziywa kofuzo (O’Brien et al. 1987) futhi baqashelwa njengezimpawu zofuzo, yize kukhona umehluko ongaphandle. Futhi akusabalwa okubhaliwe okuhlukile kwe-Acinonyx jubatus velox (Heller, 1913).
- I-Acinonyx jubatus venaticus (Griffith, 1821): I-Iran.
Okushiwo ngabase-Asia
Ingulule yase-Asia (Acinonyx jubatus venaticus) eyatholakala ngaphambilini eningizimu mpumalanga yezwekazi. Inani elincane lezilwane (cishe abantu abangama-60) lihlala ezindaweni ezihlwempuzekile zase-Iran - ezifundazweni zaseMarkazi, eFars naseKhorasan, kodwa, mhlawumbe, abantu abaningana basala e-Afghanistan nasePakistan. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, namuhla kulo lonke izwekazi lase-Asia azikho ngaphezu kwezingulule ezingama-60. Ngokuya kwezinye izilinganiso, kukhona cishe ishumi nambili kuphela. Abanye abantu abangama-23 basendaweni yezilwane emhlabeni. Ngokusho kocwaningo lukaNowell noJackson (1996), lisinde e-Iran kuphela.
Izingulule ze-Asia cheetah, ngaphambili ezazibhekwa njengezinhlobo ezihlukile, zihlukile kancane kuleya yase-Afrika: inemilenze emifushane, intamo enamandla nesikhumba esikhulu. Izizathu ezinkulu zokwehla kwalesi sizwe ukwehliswa kwesibalo sabantu abangathandeki basendle kanye nokuhlukunyezwa kwabantu. Ngenxa yendlela yabo yokuzingela, bakhetha izikhala ezivulekile: ama-savannah, ama-semi-desert, njll.
Intandokazi kazwelonke yamaIrania ingulule ehlala ekudingisweni esifundeni saseMiyandasht eNyakatho Khorasan.
Ingulule yasebukhosini
Ingulule yasebukhosini iyisiguquki esijwayelekile esihlukile ku-cheetah evamile ngombala. Ijazi limbozwe ngemivimbo emnyama ngemuva nangezindawo ezinkulu zokuhlanganisa ezinhlangothini.
Yatholakala okokuqala ngo-1926. Kuqala bekukholelwa ukuthi lokhu bekungumbala we-cheetah ne-serval, kepha ukuhlolwa kofuzo kuwuphikile lo mbono. Futhi yize umehluko wawungumbala kuphela, i-cheetah yasebukhosini ekuqaleni yabelwa uhlobo oluhlukile (I-Acinonyx rex) Ukuphikisana ngokuhlukaniswa kwakhe kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngonyaka we-1981 eSouth African Cheetah Center "De Wildt" kusuka ezingubeni zombala ojwayelekile wazalwa usana olunombala ofanayo. Izingulule zasebukhosini zingahlangana nezingulule ezijwayelekile, okuholele enzalweni ephelele. Uhlobo lofuzo, okufanele luzuzwe kubazali bobabili, lubhekele lo mbala, ngakho-ke lolu hlobo lombala aluvamile.
Abanye
Kunokunye ukwahluka kombala okuvela ku-cheetahs. Ama-cheetah amnyama (ukuguqulwa kwe-mutanism okubizwa ngokuthi i-melanism) nama-albino cheetah kuye kwabonakala. Isikhumba sezikhumba zamnyama simnyama ngokuphelele ngamabala amnyama. Emsebenzini wakhe, i-The Nature of East Africa, uG. F. Stoneham umemezele umhlangano noshizi omnyama ngo-1925 eKenya, iTrans Nzoya. UVizi Fitzgerald wabona ingulule emnyama phakathi kwezingulule. Kukhona izingulule ezibomvu - izingulule ezinombala wegolide kanye namabala abomvu amnyama, izingulule eziluhlaza ophuzi nothayi ezinamabala amnyama abomvu. Kwezinye izindawo eziwugwadule, umbala wesikhumba sezingulule uhlukaniswa ubuthuntu obungajwayelekile, mhlawumbe lo mbala wenza abathwali bawo bavumelana ngokwengeziwe futhi ngenxa yalokho walungiswa.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Ingulule isilwane sasendleokufana kuphela namakati. Isilo sinemizimba emincane, enemisipha efana neyenja, namehlo asezingeni eliphakeme.
Ikati elisizingelayo likhipha ikhanda elincane elinamadlebe ayindilinga. Yile nhlanganisela evumela isilo ukushesha ngokushesha. Njengoba wazi emhlabeni cha isilwane ngokushesha kunengulule.
Isilwane esikhulile sifinyelela amasentimitha angama-140 ubude nama-90 ukuphakama. Amakati asendle anesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-50. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi izinyamazane zinombono we-spatial and binocular, lokhu kuyabasiza ekuzingeleni.
Ingulule ingafinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-120 km / h
Njengoba kungabonakala isithombe se-cheetah, inyamazane inombala ophuzi wesihlabathi. Isisu kuphela, njengamakati amaningi asekhaya, simhlophe. Kulokhu, umzimba umbozwe amabala amnyama amnyama, futhi “ebusweni” kukhona imivimbo emnyama emincane.
Imvelo yabo "yabangela" ngesizathu. Imivimbo injengezibonisi zabantu: inciphisa kancane imiphumela yelanga elikhanyayo, bese ivumela umanduleli ukuthi abheke amabanga amade.
Abesilisa baqhosha i-mane encane. Kodwa-ke, lapho kuzalwa zonke izinsikazi “zigqoka” i-mane yesiliva ngemuva, kodwa ezinyangeni ezingaba ngu-2,5, ziyanyamalala. Imvamisa, izingulule zezimpisi aziphindi zibuye.
Isici esinjalo singaziqhayisa kuphela ngamakati ase-Iriomotean naseSumatran. Isidlwengu sisebenzisa isici saso lapho sisebenza, ukubamba, njengokuphaka.
Amathole e-cheetah azalwa enomkhono omncane emakhanda awo
Namuhla kunezindlela ezinhlanu zomxhaso:
- Izinhlobo ezi-4 zezingulule zase-Afrika,
- Okushiwo ngabase-Asia.
Abase-Asia bahlukaniswa isikhumba esinama-denser, intamo enamandla namandla amancane afushane. EKenya, ungathola ingulule emnyama. Phambilini, bazamile ukuyiqamba njengenhlobo esehlukile, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi bathola ukuthi lokhu kungukuguqulwa kofuzo okuyi-intraspecific.
Futhi, phakathi kwezilwane ezidla ezinye ezinamabala zingatholakala i-albino, ne-cheetah yasebukhosini. Le nkosi ebizwa ngokuthi yinkosi ihlukaniswa ngemivimbo emnyama emnyama eceleni nangemvubu emnyama emfishane.
Phambilini, abahlaseli babonwa emazweni ahlukahlukene ase-Asia, manje bacishe baqothulwa lapho. Uhlobo luye lwanyamalala ngokuphelele emazweni anjengeGibhithe, Afghanistan, Morocco, Western Sahara, iGuinea, i-UAE nabanye abaningi. Emazweni ase-Afrika kuphela namuhla ungahlangana nezilwane ezidla ezinye ezinamabala anele.
Kulesi sithombe ingulule yasebukhosini, ihluka ngemigqa emibili emnyama ngemuva
Uhlamvu lwe-Cheetah nendlela yokuphila
Ingulule isilwane esisheshayo. Lokhu bekungeke kuthinte indlela yakhe yokuphila. Ngokungafani nabazingeli abaningi, bazingela ngesikhathi sasemini. Izilwane zihlala zodwa endaweni evulekile. Isisulu samathikithi ukugwema.
Ngokunokwenzeka lokhu kungenxa yokuthi Ijubane lesilwane liyi-100-120 km / h. Ingulule lapho isebenza, kuthatha ukuphefumula okungaba ngu-150 ngemizuzwana engama-60. Kuze kube manje, uhlobo lwerekhodi selibekiwe lesilo. Owesifazane ogama lakhe linguSarah wagijima umjaho wamamitha ayikhulu ngemizuzwana engu-5.95.
Ngokungafani namakati amaningi, izingulule zizama ukungagibela izihlahla. Izinzipho ezitshukile zivimba ukuthi zingabambeki esiqwini. Izilwane zingaphila ngokubodwa nangamaqembu amancane. Azama ukungqubuzana.
Baxhumana nge-purr, futhi kuzwakala kukhumbuza ama-tweets. Indawo yophawu lwabesifazane, kepha imingcele yayo incike ebukhoneni benzalo. Ngasikhathi sinye, izilwane azifani ngokuhlanzeka, ngakho-ke insimu ishintsha ngokushesha.
Imivimbo emnyama eduze kwamehlo isebenza njengengulule “izibuko”
Ama-cheetah angama-tiles afana nezinja ezisebuntwini. Bathembekile, bathembekile futhi baqeqeshiwe. Hhayi ukuthi babegcinwe enkantolo amakhulu eminyaka, futhi basetshenziswa njengabazingeli. In Izilwane zomhlaba wezilwane bahambelana kalula nokuhlaselwa kwezindawo zabo, ukubukeka okudumazayo kuphela okuvela kumnikazi, ngaphandle kokulwa noma ukweqiwa phansi.
Umsuka wezinhlobo
Izingulule zavela emhlabeni kudala ngaphambi kwabantu. Okhokho babo bacishe banyamalala phakathi nenkathi yokugcina yeqhwa, kodwa bakwazi ukujwayela ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Ingulule esihlahleni esiwile
Isikhathi eside, lezi zilwane zabelwa ngephutha emndenini ohlukile we-cheetah, kuphela zangasho ukuthi zine-canine ne-feline. Kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ososayensi basungula ubudlelwane obuqondile nama-cougars, ngenxa yalokho kwanqunywa kanye nabo ukuthi bahlukanise izingulule njengezitho ezincane zamakati.
Manje emhlabeni kunezindawo eziningi ezingaphansi kwezindawo zokuhlala kanye nombala. Phambilini, izazi zezilwane ziye zakhomba izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezidla izambane likapondo, kepha ucwaningo oluningiliziwe ezingeni lamangqamuzana lukhombisa ukuthi zonke zingezinye izinhlobo zezingulule, kanti ne-DNA yazo yaguqulwa kancane ngenxa yezinguquko ezincane.
Umbala
Amashisi anezinwele eziphuzi-ezimhlophe ezinamabala amnyama asatshalaliswa ngokungahleliwe kuyo yonke indawo. Emsileni, amabala ayaguquka abe izindandatho. Lo mbala uyasiza ekuzingeleni, njengoba lesi silwane sihlangana notshani obomile futhi singabonakali ekulweni. Lokhu kuyasiza nangesikhathi sokucasha futhi ufune kwabazingeli abakhulu.
Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ezinyangeni zokuqala zinombala ohlukile: isisu esimnyama nomhlane okhanyayo. Lokhu kubavikela ezitheni ezingase zizenze zibekise izinyosi zezinyosi. Amabhubesi okugcina, imifino nezinyoni akakuthandi ukudla.
Umsila
Umsila we-cheetahs ukhula usuka ku-60 kuye ku-84 cm ubude bese usetshenziswa njengomhlanga lapho ugijima. Ngokushintsha isikhundla saso ngesivinini esikhulu, umhlaseli angangena ajike abukhali, futhi kwesinye isikhathi aze aguqule ukuqondisa kakhulu. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba ubambe ngisho nesisulu sothando.
Umsila awutholi ukusetshenziswa kwawo hhayi ekuzingeleni kuphela, kepha nasekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Isibonelo, lapho edlula otshanini obude, umama uyamphakamisa ukuze izingane zikwazi ukubona indawo akuyo futhi zilandele le ndlela.
Bangaki abahlala
Endaweni yokuhlala yemvelo, i-cheetah iyakwazi ukuhlala kusuka eminyakeni eyi-10 kuye kwengama-20. Ukusabalala okunjalo kubangelwa ukulala nobuntu ngabantu abahlobene. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ekudingisweni, impilo yomphangi yanda kakhulu. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, angaphila iminyaka engu-35. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi endle umhlaseli uhlala embula umzimba emithwalweni ephezulu, egijima kakhulu, futhi kancane kancane uyaphuma. Ingulule ingesinye sezibonelo ezimbalwa lapho isilwane esiwele endaweni yokufakelwa siphila isikhathi eside.
Ijubane likhula ngasiphi isivinini?
Amantshontsho ayizilwane ezisheshayo emhlabeni. Abanye abantu bangashesha ukufika ku-130 km / h, kanti ijubane elijwayelekile lokugijima lingu-75 km / h.
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yejubane eliphakeme, izingulule azikwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade ngokushesha. Isikhathi lapho umhlaseli ekwazi ukugcina isivinini esiphakeme kuya kuphela ngokukhuthazela kwaso. Kepha udinga ukunaka iqiniso lokuthi ngesikhathi usunduza usuka emhlabathini, ingulule ibeka izitho zakho zangasemuva ngaphambili kunangaphambili, isuse umhlane wokugcina. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi wenze ikhefu elinamandla ngaphambili, kepha ukuhambisa umzimba ngale ndlela futhi ulondoloze ukulinganisela, kudinga umzamo omkhulu. Ngokuyalelako, umphangi usheshe akhathale futhi anciphise ijubane uma behluleka ukubamba inyamazane.
Ihlala kuphi ingulule?
Izimbangi zithanda ukuhlala e-savannah, lapho kunendawo enkulu yokugijima. Kuhle futhi ngesitayela sabo sokuzingela. Izitshalo ezomile ezomile zikuvumela ukuthi uhlangane nazo ngenxa yombala wazo. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zihlala e-Afrika. Izwekazi elikhulu, elihlala ama-herbivores futhi liqukethe amathafa amaningi, lilungele izingulule.
Ngaphezu kwe-Afrika, lesi silo sitholakala e-Asia, East India, Iran, Afghanistan nasePakistan. Kodwa-ke, a subspecies ahlukile ase-Asia ahlala kula mazwe.
Ukuziphatha nokuzingela
Ngokuya kokuzingela, ingulule ithathwa njengendoda yangempela. Ebona inyamazane, akafihli futhi akazami ukuhlasela isisulu singaphansi kokuthula. Wehlekela kuye otshanini kude ne-10-15 m, uphumela ngaphandle kuye, avumele ukuba aqashelwe. Lapho inyamazane iqala ukubaleka, ingulule iyajaha ukuyilandela. Kusukela ezinyangeni zokuqala, abantu abasha bafunda ukuthola ukudla, ukukubamba, hhayi ukushesha izilwane ezimi endaweni yazo.
Lapho selinciphise ibanga lincane, ingulule ishaya isilwane esilibalekile ngezidladla zayo, isiguqele phansi. Lapho ngaphezulu kwayo, umhlaseli ubamba intamo yangaphambi kwayo ngomlomo wayo bese ulinda kuze kube yilapho ephefumula.
Lapho ukudla kutholakala, ingulule ayisiqali ngokushesha isidlo. Ukugijima ngokushesha kuthatha amandla amaningi, ngakho-ke kumthatha isikhathi ukubuyisela ukuphefumula kwakhe bese eqala ukudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingulule ayikwazi ukumela inyamazane yayo. Ama-Hyenas nezilwane ezinkulu ezidla ezinye zingakususa kalula ngokumane ihlasele ingulule ngenkathi kuthatha umoya.
Izingqinamba zase-Afrika
Abane kubo bahlala e-Afrika:
- I-Acinonyx jubatus hecki, echazwa ososayensi ngo-1913 kuphela, isatshalaliswa eNyakatho Ntshonalanga Afrika kanye nogwadule lwaseSahara.
- I-Acinonyx jubatus fearoni, eyaziwa ezweni lesayensi kusukela ngo-1834, itholakala ezindaweni zase-East Africa.
- I-Acinonyx jubatus jubatus, okuyincazelo yayo eyahlanganiswa ngo-1775, ingumhlali waseningizimu ye-Afrika.
- I-Acinonyx jubatus soemmeringii, eyaziwa ososayensi kusukela ngonyaka we-1855, iyisifunda esifundeni esisenyakatho-mpumalanga yezwekazi lase-Afrika.
Ukuqothula Okususiwe
Izingulule zivela kumuntu odala kakhulu umdabu, i-myacid, njengawo wonke amanye amalungu omndeni wekati, nemikhwanyana.
Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-myacid (kwesobunxele)
Ngokuqondile, uhlobo lwe-Cheetahs cishe lwanyamalala ngokuphelele ngemuva kwenkathi yeqhwa, kodwa umphumela we "bhodlela" lasebenza.
Ngaleli gama, ososayensi bachaza inqubo yokwehla okukhulu echibini lezinhlobo zezikhathi ngezikhathi ezinzima zentuthuko. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinto zemvelo ziqala ukusebenza, kuguqula imvamisa yokulingana nokuphelele kwama-geneles, ngenxa yalokho kuvela kwezinguquko ezivumayo ezivumela ukuba izilwane ziphila. Lesi ngesinye sezimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuziphendukela kwemvelo.
Isamba sanamuhla se-Cheetah emhlabeni siyisibonelo sokuqala senqubo enjalo.
Kwasungulwa ukuthi lezi zilwane zinokwehlukahlukana kofuzo okuncane kakhulu, okusikisela ukuthi, ezinhlekeleleni zokugcina zomhlaba wonke, cishe abantu oyedwa oyedwa basinda, abangabasunguli bazo zonke izingulule ezikhona namuhla. Manje, izilwane zinciphise ukusebenza, ukukhulisa ukuzwela kwama-pathologies, ukwehla kokuzala. Inani eliphakeme lokufa kwabantu phakathi kwezidlwane liyaphawuleka; ngenxa yokuzalela njalo, ingxenye yezilwane ezisanda kuzalwa ayisaphili kuze kube kuphela unyaka wokuqala wokuphila.
I-Cheetahs ihluke ngokuphelele kwi-morphology yabo kwabanye abamele umndeni we-feline. Ngempela, banjengezinja.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, babehlangene ngisho nasemndenini ohlukene, kepha kamuva, ngenxa yokufana okuthile ngesakhiwo nePumas kanye nokwehla okukhulu kwamanani, bafakwa emakati amancanyana.
Ososayensi namuhla bazi izingcosana ezine ezingapheli zama-Cheetahs:
- Acinonyx aicha,
- I-Acinonyx intermedius,
- Acinonyx kurteni,
- Acinonyx pardinensis.
Lesi sakamuva sabizwa ngokuthi i-European Cheetah futhi sasihlala endaweni yaseYurophu yanamuhla.
Ingulule ngaphandle kwamabala
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Izingulule zinesikhathi sokuphila esibalelwa eminyakeni eyi-12 kuye kwengamashumi amabili. Amacala angavamile okuphila afinyelela eminyakeni engama-25 abhalisiwe, kepha, njengomthetho, lokhu kwenzeka kakhulu kakhulu. Isilwane sithanda ukuzingela ekuseni kakhulu noma eduze kokuhlwa. Ukushisa okukhulu kosuku kuqeda ngaphakathi. Womabili amaduna nezinsikazi zezinsikazi azingela. Kokubili lokho nabanye bodwa.
Ngaphandle kokuthi i-cheetah idume kakhulu ngejubane layo nokugxuma okunamandla okunamandla, ikwazi ukuyiqedela ngemizuzwana emihlanu kuya kwayisishiyagalombili. Ngemuva kwalokho uyakhathala futhi udinga ukuphumula, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuphelele. Imvamisa ngenxa yalokhu, ulahlekelwa inyamazane yakhe, athathe isigamu sehora ukuhlwitha.
Ngakho-ke, izinsuku zakhe zidlula ngemuva kokuzingela okufushane okukhulu nokuphumula isikhathi eside. Imisipha engabonakali emzimbeni, imilenze enamandla ayimenzi abe yisisulu esiqinile, kunalokho, uyisihlobo esibuthakathaka kakhulu sezihlobo zakhe eziseduze kakhulu zamakati. Ngakho-ke, emvelweni, izingulule zinesikhathi esinzima, futhi isibalo sazo sehle kakhulu emakhulwini eminyaka adlule.
Le ndoda ibathole ukuthi bayisebenzise ngesikhathi sayo ekuzingeleni. Eminyakeni yasendulo naphakathi, izikhulu bezigcina zonke okuthiwa zingulule enkantolo. Behamba beyozingela, bakhipha izilwane ezazifihlwe amehlo eduze komhlambi onamazipho. Lapho bavula amehlo balinda ukuthi bagcwalise umdlalo wabo. Izilwane ezikhathele zazilayishwa kulezo zinto ezifuywayo, kuthiwe zona ziphangiwe. Vele, babondliwa enkantolo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Cheetah kitten
Amantshontsho ayizilwane ezihlala zodwa, ikakhulukazi izinsikazi. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, abesilisa, abavame ukuhlotshaniswa yizihlobo, bayohlangana eqenjini elincane labantu abangafika kwabangu-4-5. Bazibeka uphawu lwendawo lapho abesifazane betholakala khona, lapho bezophathisana futhi bavikele abesilisa abavela kwamanye amaqembu ekungeneleleni. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu kuvezwa ngokukhonkotha nokukhonkotha omunye ngomunye.
Isikhathi sonyaka wokukhwezwa asivezwa kahle, imvamisa amawundlu avela unyaka wonke. Ngaphandle kokuthi ezifundeni eziseningizimu kuvame kakhulu ukubekelwa isikhathi kusuka ngoNovemba kuya kuMashi, futhi enyakatho kakhulu, okuphambene nalokho, kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuSepthemba. Kepha lokhu kuyizibalo kuphela. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa kwabesifazane kwezinsikazi sithatha izinyanga ezintathu. Okungenani amakati amabili, kuzalwa amawundlu ayisithupha, njengekati elijwayelekile lasekhaya. Isisindo sengulule entsha isuka kumagremu ayi-150 kuye kwangama-300, ngokuya ngenani labo kwinzalo. Amawundlu amaningi, okunciphisa isisindo sawo. Ngeshwa, ingxenye yabo isheshe yafa, njengoba isilinganiso sabo sokusinda sibuthakathaka.
Izinkomo ziyimpumputhe ngokuzalwa futhi azisizi. Badinga ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo komama. Abesilisa ababambi iqhaza ekukhuliseni inzalo, kodwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokukhishwa bayasuswa. Esontweni lesibili lempilo, izingane zivula amehlo azo bese ziqala ukufunda ukuhamba. Amabala asematheni acishe angaqondakali, avele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngenkathi enejazi elimpunga. Zinezindebe ezinde futhi ezithambile, noma ngabe kunohlobo lwe-mane kanye namakhekhe emsileni. Kamuva, uboya bokuqala buyawa, isikhumba esinamabala sivele endaweni yaso. Ngezinyanga ezine, amawundlu afana nabantu abadala, amancane kuphela ngosayizi.
Isikhathi sokukhipha isisu sithatha izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili. Isizukulwane esincane siqala ukuzingela ngokuzimela kuphela ngonyaka. Sonke lesi sikhathi basondele kumama obondlayo, futhi bafunda impilo yabantu abadala kuye, bedlala izingoma futhi bayadlala.
Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat
Phambilini, iziqeshana zase-Eshiya kanye nogwadule lwase-Afrika bekugcwele izingulule ngamanani amakhulu. Izingqinamba zase-Afrika ezisuka eMorocco ziya eCape of Good Hope zazihlala ezwekazini. Izingqinamba zase-Asia zasakazwa e-India, Pakistan, Israel, Iran. Emkhakheni wezwe elaliyizi-republic zaseSoviet, izingulule zazingesona isilwane esingajwayelekile. Namuhla umhlaseli usesondele ekuqothulweni.
Ukuqothulwa kwesimo esiningi kuholele ekutheni kulondolozwe izinhlobo zezilwane, ikakhulukazi e-Algeria, Zambia, Kenya, Angola, Somalia. Kusele inani elincane kakhulu labantu e-Asia. Eminyakeni eyikhulu eyedlule, inani lezingulule lehlile lisuka kubantu abayizinkulungwane eziyi-100 laya kwayishumi.
Ama-Predator agwema amathikithi, akhetha izindawo ezivulekile. Ingulule yezilwane akuyona eyokupakisha izilwane, kuhola impilo yodwa. Ngisho nombhangqwana oshadile wenzelwa inkambiso emfushane, emva kwalokho iyahlukana.
Abesilisa bahlala bodwa, kepha kwesinye isikhathi bahlangana ngobumbano obahlukanisayo babantu abangu-2-3, lapho kwakhiwa khona ubudlelwano obulingana. Abesifazane bahlala bodwa, uma bengazikhulisi inzalo. Izingulule azinangxabano yangaphakathi ngaphakathi kwamaqembu.
Abantu abadala bakubekezelela kalula ukusondela kwezinye izingulule, ngisho ne-purr futhi ikhothe ubuso bomunye nomunye. Mayelana nengulule singasho ukuthi lesi yisilwane esinokuthula phakathi kwezihlobo.
Ngokungafani nabaningi bezinyamazane, ingulule izingela kuphela usuku, oluchazwa yindlela yokukhishwa kokudla. Uyaphuma ayofuna ukudla ngesikhathi esimnandi ekuseni noma kusihlwa, kodwa ngaphambi kokuhwalala. Kubalulekile ukuthi izingulule zibone inyamazane, futhi ingezwa njengezinye izilwane. Ebusuku, inyamazane izingela kakhulu.
Ingulule ayizukubheka amahora amaningi lapho ilala khona futhi ibhekele isisulu sayo. Lapho ibona inyamazane, inyamazane iyashesha. Ukuqondisa kwemvelo, ubuhlakani obuhlala ngaphakathi ezilwaneni kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, lapho bebengabusi bezikhala ezivulekile.
Indawo yahlakulela izimfanelo zayo zokufiphala. Ijubane eliphakeme lokugijima, ukugxuma okude kwesilo, amandla okushintsha umgudu wokuhamba ngejubane lombani ukukhohlisa isisulu - balekela ingulule akusizanga ngalutho. Kungashiwo, ngoba amandla omhlaseli akwanele ekuphishekeleni isikhathi eside.
Indawo yabesilisa yindawo evulekile, ayimaka ngomchamo noma nge-excrement. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezihlahlana, izingulule azibheki uhlaza olungeke lukwazi ukukhwela. Isilwane singathola indawo yokukhosela ngaphansi kwesihlahla esinameva kuphela, umqhele wesihlahla ovuthayo.Ubukhulu besayithi lowesilisa buya ngenani lokudla, futhi izingosi zabesifazane zincike ebukhoneni benzalo.
Izitha zemvelo zezingulule ngamabhubesi, ama-hyenas, izingwe, ezingathathi nje inyamazane kuphela, kepha futhi zingenela inzalo. Ingulule inyamazane abasengozini. Ukulimala okutholwe yizisulu ezibanjiwe kuvame ukubulala abazingeli ngokwabo, ngoba angakuthola kuphela ukudla okwesimo esihle ngokomzimba. Isilo esinobuhlakani.
Izitha zemvelo zengulule
Ingozi enkulu yezingulule abanye abazingeli abahlala eduzane. Amabhubesi, izingwe nemifino ngokuqinisekile izozama ukuthatha ukudla, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ingahlasela ingulule. Ngenxa yalokhu, baphoqeleka ukuthi baphile ezimeni ezingakhululeki kakhulu, ikakhulukazi abesifazane. Ukukhulisa amawundlu, omama kumele baqhubeke nokujaha futhi bavikele inzalo. Lezi zingaba futhi ukudla kwabanye abazingeli.
Ubuningi nendawo yokuhlala
Ngenxa yedamu elimpofu lofuzo, izinga lokufa phakathi kwezingulule liphezulu impela. Manje isilwane siyanyamalala kancane kancane. Uma ekuqaleni kuka-1900 inani labo selingaphezulu kwezinkulungwane eziyikhulu, manje izingulule ezingaba ngu-10,000 zihlala eMhlabeni.
Amantshontsho ayaphela
Izinhlobo eziningi zihlala e-Afrika. Phambilini, izingulule zazitholakala kuwo wonke amagumbi ezwe, kepha manje impahla yazo inciphile ngamaphesenti angama-77. Ensimini yamazwe ase-Asia, kuhlala kuhlukaniswe uhlobo oluhlukile - i-Acinonyx Jubatus Venaticus.
Minyaka yonke, inani lezingulule lincipha kancane kancane, futhi abantu bazama ukuzinakekela. Kwakhiwa izindawo ezikhethekile lapho amakati angathembela ekudleni okuvamile kokudla kanye nokungabikho kwengozi yokukhulisa inzalo.
NgeNkathi Ephakathi, izingulule zazisetshenziswa yizikhulu ekuzingeleni. Kanye nezintambo kwakhiwa izingulule. Izilwane ezihlaseliwe zavalwa amehlo zayiswa emvelweni, lapho zawuthola khona umdlalo. Ngemuva kokuba izingulule zibambe isisulu futhi zaqala ukuphefumula, abantu babeza kuzo ngamahhashi, babambe, bathathe inyamazane yabo bese bebuyela ekhaya. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi izikhulu zibonge kakhulu izingulule zabo, ngemuva kokuzingela beziphakela zigcwele futhi zizama ukubanikeza izimo ezikhululekile.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Photo: Cheetahs from the Red Book
Izingulule seziyivelakancane. Ososayensi kuphela abangabazisa ubucayi besimo sokwehla kwenani lalezinhlobo. Unqabile ukusuka ezinkulungwaneni eziyikhulu kuya ezinkulungwaneni eziyishumi futhi uyaqhubeka nokuwohloka. Izingulule kade zabhalwa eNcwadini ebomvu ngaphansi kwesimo sezilwane ezisengcupheni, kepha inyunyana i-International Union for Conservation of Nature isibukezile lesi simo futhi yaphakamisa ukuthi ibabeke esimweni sokuqothuka.
Manje isibalo sabantu ngamunye asidluli kuma-7100. Izingulule zizala kabi ekudingisweni. Kunzima kakhulu futhi ukubakhulela indawo engokwemvelo lapho bengazizwa bekhululekile futhi bekhiqiza khona ngenkuthalo. Badinga izimo ezikhethekile zezulu, bangene endaweni eyihlane, isilwane siqala ukulimala. Esikhathini sokubandayo, bavame ukubamba umkhuhlane, lapho bangafa nokufa.
Kunezizathu ezimbili ezinkulu zokuncipha kwenani lezinhlobo:
- Ukwephulwa kwendawo yemvelo yezilwane ngokulima, ngokwakha, ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo kwengqalasizinda, ezokuvakasha,
- Ukuzingela.
I-Cheetah Guard
Photo: Cheetah isilwane
Muva nje, izindawo zasendaweni yengulule yemvelo zincishisiwe kakhulu. Ukuvikela lezi zilwane, kwenziwa imizamo yokugcina indawo ehlukile ingagxiliwe ngumuntu nemisebenzi yakhe, ikakhulukazi uma inani lengulule likhona kule ndawo.
E-United Arab Emirates, ngesinye isikhathi kwakuthandwa ukufuya lesi silwane ekhaya. Kodwa-ke, ekuthunjweni awathathi izimpande, ayafa ebusheni bawo. Emizameni yokusindisa izilwane endaweni embi, zabanjwa zithuthwa, zathengiswa, futhi zaphenywa. Kepha konke lokhu kwamane kwanyanyisa isimo. Ngesikhathi sokuhamba, izilwane zafa, kwathi lapho insimu ishintshwa, isikhathi sabo sokuphila sancishiswa kakhulu.
Ososayensi kanye nezinsizakalo zezokuphepha babexakekile ngenkani ngalo mbuzo futhi beza esiphethweni sokuthi izilwane kufanele zivikeleke kunoma yikuphi ukungenelela, ngisho nokuthola usizo. Ukuphela kwendlela yokugcina nokusiza inani labantu hhayi ukubathinta nezindawo zabo okuzo ingulule uyaphila futhi ande.
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