Ama-boomslang ase-Afrika - inyoka enhle kakhulu, enomzimba omuncanyana wokulingana okungajwayelekile. Kepha njengoba kwenzeka kaningi ngezinyoka, ubuhle abuhambi kahle - ama-boomslang angenye yezilwane ezihuquzelayo eziyingozi kakhulu, ubuthi bayo buphakathi kweziyishumi ezinobuthi kakhulu. Ngenhlanhla, lezi zinyoka zilugwala futhi zikhetha ukugwema ukuhlangana nabantu.

Incazelo

I-boomslang yase-Afrika noma i-boomslang (i-lat.Dispholidus typus) inyoka enobuthi obuphakathi ovela emndenini we-homogeneous, ovamile e-Afrika esishisayo ne-equatorial. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo azinazo izihlobo eziseduze - ukuphela kwezinhlobo emndenini.

Ama-boomslangs ayizinyoka ezinobukhulu obuphakathi, ubude bomzimba womuntu omdala buvame ukusukela ku-120 kuya ku-180 cm (okuvame kakhulu ukuya kuma-200 cm, imidondoshiya emamitha ayi-3 ayivelakancane), kepha, ngenxa yomzimba omncanyana ngokweqile nekhanda elincane elincane ngamehlo amakhulu, i-bastard ibukeka incane kakhulu futhi sengathi ithoyizi. Imibala namaphethini zihlala zihambelana nobubanzi bemvelo: ngoba abantu abahlala emahlathini ashisayo umbala ohlaza okotshani kanye namaphethini wokulingisa amahlamvu anezimpawu, ngoba abahlali basehlane nase-savannah bangamathoni ansundu nawomnqumo. Kukhona futhi amazwana amnyama, aluhlaza okotshani nokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isisu esiphuzi kuphela esifana kubo bonke abantu.

Indlela yokuphila

Kuhunyushwe kususelwa olimini lwesi-Afrika, elithi "boomslang" ngokwezwi nezwi lisho "inyoka yesihlahla", efanekisela kahle indlela yokuphila kwalezi zilwanyana ezinwabuzelayo. Bachitha iningi lezimpilo zabo ezihlahleni, ngokuzikhandla ngendlela enobuhlakani njengamagatsha asencane, belingisa ngisho nasekufikeni komoya ngethoni nawo wonke amagatsha. Kuku izihlahla ezivame ukuzingela, zilinde izibukeli ezinjengezinyoni ezincane, izibankwa, ezinye izinyoka, futhi uma kwenzeka konke kuqinile, khona-ke izinambuzane nezibungu zazo. Lapha, emigodini yezinyoni elahliwe noma ebanjiwe, ama-boomslangs abeka amaqanda awo.

Uhlobo lwama-boomslangs alunolaka, kunalokho futhi luyigwala. Lapho ihlangana nomuntu noma isilwane esikhulu, inyoka iyokhetha ukubalekela, ngaphandle kwalapho ithuba linjalo. Uma ingekho imigudu yokuphunyuka, ama-boomslang azohlasela, futhi ezimweni eziningi lokhu kuhlaselwa kuyosho ukufa. Futhi iphuzu lapha alikona nje kuphela ukuthi ubuthi benyoka bungobunye obunobuthi kakhulu emhlabeni, kodwa futhi ngoba ngesinye isikhathi ngenxa yendawo engenamakhwini, lapho i-reptile ithatha ukulunywa okuningana, njengokuhlafuna isisulu. Kumuntu, ukuluma kuvame ukubulala.

Ukuzala

Njengabo bonke abameleli bomndeni abasele behlukanisiwe, ama-boomslang abekwa eqandeni. Njengoba sekuphawuliwe, amaqanda abekwa emigodini yezihlahla, kepha ngenxa yokuntuleka okungcono angabeka inzalo emhlabathini, amboze amaqanda ngamahlamvu awile ngokucophelela. Ku-clutch kusuka emaqanda ayi-8 kuye kwangama-27. Ukukhula okuncane okubanjwayo kufinyelela ku-35-38 cm futhi emahoreni ambalwa sekulungele ukubulala.

Ukuziphatha Nempilo

Inyoka esebenzayo ntambama. Ihlala ikakhulu ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni. I-Boomslang ingalingisa igatsha lesihlahla, okubalulekile lapho lizingela. Lokhu kudla kuqukethe ama-chameleon, izibankwa zezihlahla, amasele, ezinye izinyoka, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, izinyoni namaqanda. Kudotshwa amakhokho nezibungu zezinambuzane. Esimweni sezulu esipholile, lezi zinyoka ziwela emgodini futhi zilele emgodini wezihlahla noma ezidlekeni zezinyoni ezilahliwe. Abamele lezinhlobo banamahloni ngokwemvelo futhi bagweme ukuhlangana nabantu. Ziluma kuphela lapho zidonswa ekhoneni futhi zingenandawo lapho zingaya khona.

Ubuthi beBoomslang

Ubuhlungu balezi zinyoka bunamandla kakhulu. Uphuma ngamafangs amakhulu angenhla. Zijulile emhlathini, ngakho-ke, lapho zilunywa, umlomo uvuleka ufike kuma-degrees angama-170. Ubuthi buhlanganisa i-hemotoxins evimbela ukuqubuka kwegazi (ukubumbana), kanti ohlukunyezwayo angafa ukopha kwangaphakathi nangaphandle. Kungadala ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo ebuchosheni, emisiphani, nezimpawu zobuthi ubuhlungu bekhanda, isicanucanu, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ubuthi bunomphumela obambezelekile, futhi nezimpawu zobuthi zingabonakali emahoreni ambalwa ngemuva kokulunywa. Lokhu kudukisa umuntu olume. Angakhohlwa nokuthi walunywa, futhi ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa uzizwa kabi. Ngo-1957, uBoomslang waluma udokotela wezamachashaza odumile waseMelika uKarl Schmidt. Le ndoda yashona, kepha kuze kwaba yimizuzu yokugcina yokuphila kwayo yabhala phansi izimpawu zayo. Ukusuka ngo-1919 kuya ku-1962, kwaqoshwa izi-8 zalezi zinyoka kubantu. Kokubili kwalokhu kuhlaselwa kwabulawa.

Inyoka endala inama-1,6 kuye ku-8 mg ubuthi. Umthamo ojwayelekile obulalayo ngu-0,071 mg nge-1 kg yesisindo. Kumanje kukhiqizwa i-antidote eNingizimu Afrika. Kwesinye isikhathi ukwelashwa okulimayo kudinga ukumpompela igazi ngokuphelele. Ikakhulu uma umuntu engenawo umuthi wokudambisa isikhathi amahora angama-24 kuye kwangama-48. Kepha udinga ukuqonda ukuthi abamele izinhlobo zezinhlobo banamahloni kakhulu futhi bayaqaphela. Bahlasela kuphela lapho kungekho ndawo abangaya kuyo. Esimweni esinjalo, agxilisa intamo, athathe i-S-form pose futhi ahlasele. Ngakho-ke, kungcono kakhulu ukubonisa inhlonipho kubafowethu abancane futhi sibagweme.

Emhlabeni kaHarry Potter

Boomslang Fihla (eng. Isikhumba se-Boomslang) Ingabe isithako kwamanye ama-elixirs namazambane. Kuyingxenye engavamile futhi ebizayo yamandla.

Isikhumba se-boomslang iyingxenye ye-Revolving Potion, eyasungulwa ngekhulu le-16 yisazi sobuchopho esingaziwa ukuthi uSigmunt Budge. Indlela yakhe yokupheka, kanye nezinye izinto ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu, wakuchaza eNcwadini yakhe ethi Potions.

Indaba

• "UHarry Potter neChamber Yezimfihlo." Ngo-1992, ngonyaka wakhe wesibili wokufunda, uHermione Granger weba isikhumba se-boomslang kuProfesa Snape ezitokisini zakhe siqu ukuze alungiselele i-Revolving Potion nabangane.
• "UHarry Potter noGoblet woMlilo." Ngo-1994, uBarty Crouch Jr. waphinda futhi weba lesi sithako esibalulekile eSnape ukukhiqiza i-potion futhi wasala ekujuleni kukaProfessor ZOTIAlastor Moody. Eqaphela ukungahambi kahle kweGolden Trio, uprofesa wePotions usole uHarry Potter ngalesi sigameko.
• "UHarry Potter kanye ne-Half-Blood Prince." Ngo-1996, uHorace Slughorn ukhombisa ukuVuselela i-Potion kubafundi bakhe esifundweni, esihlanganisa isikhumba seBoomslang njengengxenye. Kamuva, uDraco Malfoy uyantshontsha futhi uyisebenzisela ukwenza uCrabbe noGoyle babe ama-newmen ukuze bamxwayise ngengozi ngenkathi eseGumbini Losizo.

Boomslang emhlabeni wangempela

UHermione upheka ukuVuselela iPotion

Abantu abadala i-1,1-1,5 m ubude, yi-2 metres. Umzimba omncane, ikhanda lifushane. Amehlo maqondana nekhanda makhulu. Uthingo luhlaza okotshani. Umbala uhluka kusuka kokuluhlaza okuphelele noma okuluhlaza ngemivimbo emnyama namabala kuye kumnqumo, onsundu noma omnyama. Isisu siphuzi noma siluhlaza okotshani.

Amazinyo anobuthi we-boomslang abekho “ekuqaleni” komhlathi ongaphezulu, njengezinyoka eziningi, kodwa cishe phakathi, ngakho-ke ama-boomslang aluma kaningana, njengokungathi ahlafuna okuthile emlonyeni wawo. Ubuhlungu bukaBoomslang buqinile, kepha buhamba kancane.

Izinhlobo lezi zivame e-Afrika ezishisayo eningizimu yeSahara futhi ziye eningizimu neNingizimu Afrika.

I-Boomslang iyasebenza phakathi nosuku, ibambelela ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni. Inyoka inyuka ngokuphelele, iyakwazi ukulingisa amagatsha ezihlahla. Idla izinyamazane, ezinye izinyoka namaxoxo, kanye namacimbi amakhulu nezinye izibungu zezinambuzane.

Le inyoka ebeka iqanda. Ku-clutch kuvame 8-16, amaqanda angama-27 aphezulu. Insikazi izibeka phansi ngaphansi kwamaqabunga noma emigodini yezihlahla. Lapho kuvela emaqandeni, amawundlu ubude bawo bungama-29- 38 cm.

Inyoka inamahloni futhi, ngokuba namehlo amahle kakhulu, iyakugwema ukuhlangana nomuntu. Iluma kuphela uma ibanjiwe. Ukuluma kungabulala.

Izimpawu zangaphandle ze-boomslang yase-Afrika

I-African Boomslang - isilwanyana esidliwayo esinomzimba omncane, eside, sisuka kumamitha ayi-1.5 kuye kwayi-2, umzimba.

I-Boomslang (i-Dispholidus typus).

Kukhona abantu ababodwa abafinyelela kumamitha amane. Umbala wesikhumba uguquguqukayo: umzimba ongaphezulu unombala oluhlaza okotshani, onsundu, womnqumo onephethini lezindawo ezimnyama nemivimbo.

Abantu bangabodwa, ngaphandle kwephethini futhi bamnyama nje. Uhlangothi lwe-ventral luvame ukugqama, luhlaza okotshani noma ophuzi. Umbala wesikhumba we-boomslang yase-Afrika unqunywa isizinda sendawo ezungezile kanye nezimila. Lo mbala uyasebenza futhi usiza i-reptile ukuba ingabonakali esihlahleni ngesikhathi sokuzingela.

Ukusatshalaliswa kanye nezindawo zokuhlala ama-boomslang ase-Afrika

Ama-boomslang ase-Afrika asatshalaliswa eningizimu, eMpumalanga kanye naseNingizimu Ntshonalanga Afrika. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zihlala ama-savannah owomile, ugwadule olunesiqingatha, amahlathi asezansi, izihlahla. Ukulungiselela ukuhlala kuma-mimosa ne-acacia. Lolu hlobo lwenyoka lugibela ezihlahleni futhi luthathe isimo segatsha.

Umbala wenyoka uhlukahluka kusuka kokuluhlaza okotshani ngokuphelele noma okuluhlaza ngemivimbo emnyama namabala, kuya kumnqumo, onsundu noma omnyama.

Ngabe ama-boomslang ama-Afrika azingela kanjani?

Ngesikhathi sokuzingela inyoni, i-boomslang yase-Afrika ilinda inyamazane ezihlahleni, ilele egatsheni. Uma inyoni ihlala eduzane, isidalwa esiphilayo sijikijela phambili emaphethelweni angaphambili omzimba bese sibamba isisulu esinemibala ngamazinyo aso.

Ama-boomslang asabela kahle - abamba izinyoni endizeni.

Ubuthi bungena ngokushesha kunyoni futhi lukhubaze ukunyakaza kohlukunyezwayo. Izinyoni zihlala zisabela lapho kukhona ama-boomslang ase-Afrika eduze nesidleke ngokukhala okuthusayo futhi ezindiza inyoka izungeze inyoka. Kodwa ukusabela okunjalo okuzivikela akunakulimaza ama-boomslang.

Lapho zifuna izidleke zezinyoni ezinamaqanda, ezihuquzelayo zigibela phezulu esiqwini sesihlahla futhi zibandise. Kulesi sikhundla, i-boomslang ingaba yinde kakhulu. Ezinye izinyoni zithatha inyoka njengegatsha eliwugqinsi zize zidlule kuzo bese ziba inyamazane yomlobi ongathembekile.

Amazinyo anobuthi we-boomslang atholakala cishe maphakathi nomhlathi, ngakho-ke iyaluma izikhathi eziningana, kube sengathi ihlafuna okuthile emlonyeni wayo.

Boomslang - inyoka enobuthi

I-ingress yento enobuthi engena egazini ibangela ubuhlungu obukhulu kumuntu, ikhubaza i-psyche, ibhubhise amaseli wezicubu, futhi ikhuthaze ukopha kwangaphakathi. Ukuze usindise ukulunywa, kudinga ukufakelwa okumphuthumayo kwenqwaba yegazi.

Ubuthi obunobuthi obunamandla bungena buqhamuka emazinyweni omhlathi ongaphezulu kusetshenziswa ukubhula okuyisipesheli emzimbeni wesisulu.

Amadada ahlaselwa yi-boomslang ayeke ukuhamba ngemuva komzuzu owodwa, bese efa ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-15. Ubuthi bendlala yama-boomslang ubuthi base-Afrika bunamandla amahlandla ama-2 kunomthelela okhubazayo we-Indian cobra venom.

Ukuhlangana ne-boomslang yase-Afrika esweni makube yinto engenzeki. Lolu hlobo lwenyoka luzama ukufihla noma yikuphi ukuxhumana. Kepha uma uvusela inyoka ukuba ihlasele, iba nolaka, iphakamise umphambili wangaphambili womzimba, bese ikhuphula kakhulu intamo nokuhlaselwa. Ngokwezibalo, eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, abantu abangama-23-30 bahlushwa yibuthi boomslang be-boomslang base-Afrika. Kodwa-ke, kusukela ukulunywa yi-cobra ne-viper, abantu bafa amahlandla ama-2 kuye ku-3.

I-Boomslang iyasebenza phakathi nosuku, ibambelela ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni.

Lapho uhlangana nesilwane esinobuthi, ukuthintana eduze kufanele kugwenywe futhi kungenzi ukunyakaza okusindisayo. Ezimweni eziningi, ukuluma kungokuqala ukuhlasela i-boomslang, nenyoka ezimweni eziningi kumane kugaqele kule thafa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, esidlekeni esinobuhlungu, amazinyo angaphambili agobeke kancane ngaphakathi ngemifino yokukhuculula ubuthi, ngakho-ke ama-boomslang athumba kalula inyamazane encane, futhi ezilwaneni ezinkulu kunzima ukunamathela amazinyo anobuhlungu.

Ngisho nochwepheshe bangabhekana nokulimala kwe-boomslang yase-Afrika.

Ososayensi bashaqeka ngokufa kukasosayensi waseMelika owafundela impilo yezidumbu zikaKarl Paterson Schmidt ngo-1957. Udokotela wezilwane wazama ukubamba izidalwa ezifundwayo, kepha wavele waphakamisa isandla waphakamisa inyoka.

Usosayensi wayazi ngomphumela oyingozi wobuthi, ngakho-ke washiya amanothi anemininingwane kudayari ngomthelela onoshevu wobuthi be-boomslang base-Afrika. Ukuzidela okunjalo ngenxa yesayensi kamuva kwasiza ochwepheshe ukuthola ukuthi ubuthi busebenza kanjani emzimbeni womuntu. Ngeshwa, usosayensi akakwazanga ukulondolozwa; ubuthi balesi sidalwa esijikelezayo bushesha kakhulu.

Inyoka inamahloni futhi, ngokuba namehlo amahle kakhulu, iyakugwema ukuhlangana nomuntu.

Indawo yokuhlala ye-Afrika Boomslang

Umbala wesikhumba se-boomslang yase-Afrika onamabala amancane nemivimbo kusiza inyoka ukuthi ihlangane nezitshalo eziseduze futhi ingabonakali esihlahleni. Kwesinye isikhathi i-boomslang ilinda inyamazane, ilenga ibheke phansi phansi njenge-liana. Ijubane lokunyoka kwenyoka likhudlwana kunelamazibuko akhona uqobo.

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27.05.2015

I-African Boomslang (lat. Disholidus typhus) emndenini u-Alvele (Colubridae) unomlingiswa othanda ukuthula futhi akakaze ahlasele abantu. Igama layo livela egameni elithi boom, elisho ngesiBhunu igama elithi “umuthi”.

Kodwa-ke, akufanele uthembe isilwane esinjalo esihle, ukuluma kwaso kufile kubantu. Esiwombeni se-boomslang kukhona ama-hemotoxins angabhubhisa amaseli wegazi futhi alimaze izitho zangaphakathi.

Ukuphela kwendlela yokusindisa impilo uma kwenzeka ama-hemotoxins engena emzimbeni kungukumpontshelwa igazi ngokuphelele.

Uma i-boomslang venom ingena egazini lomuntu, khona-ke ngaphandle kosizo lwezokwelapha ukufa kuzokwenzeka ezinsukwini ezi-5 kusukela ngesikhathi sokulunywa.