Ama-Pterodactyls (lat. Pterodactyloidea, kusukela esiGrikini.

Ngo-1784, kwafunyanwa ukutholakala kwesithambo sesidalwa ebesingaziwa ngaphambili eBavaria (Germany). Kwahlolwa itshe lesimbi eline-imprint, futhi kwenziwa nomdwebo kulo. Kodwa-ke, ngaleso sikhathi, abacwaningi abakwazanga ukunika igama lesilwane esitholakele bese behlukanisa.

Ngo-1801, izinsalela zesidalwa eza kusosayensi waseFrance uGeorges Cuvier. Wathola ukuthi lesi silwane sikwazi ukundiza futhi singokuhleleka kwezidina ezindizayo. UCuvier futhi wamnika igama elithi "pterodactyl" (leli gama laqhamuka esenzweni eside esinqeni esingaphambili sesikhala no-membrane wesikhumba (iphiko) elisuka kulo lihlanganisa nomzimba liye emlenzeni wangemuva).

Iqembu elikhethekile kakhulu elivumelaniswe nokuphila emoyeni. Ama-Pterodactyl abonakala ngogebhezi lokukhanya olude kakhulu. Amazinyo mancane. I-vertebrae yomlomo wesibeletho iyaphakama, ngaphandle kwezimbambo zomlomo wesibeletho. Amaphethelo angamaphiko amane, amaphiko anamandla futhi ububanzi, iminwe ezindizayo iyagoba. Umsila mfushane kakhulu. Amathambo omlenze ophansi ayacucwa.

Amasayizi we-pterodactyls ehlukahluka kakhulu - ukusuka emincane, usayizi undlunkulu, kuya kuma-pteranodons amakhulu anamaphiko afinyelela kumamitha ayi-15, izinyoni zezinyoni futhi azhdarchid (quetzalcoatl, aramburgiana) enamaphiko afinyelela kumamitha ayi-12.

Abancane babedla izinambuzane, ezinkulu - izinhlanzi kanye nezinye izilwane zasemanzini. Izinsalela ze-pterodactyls zaziwa kusukela e-Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous deposits of Western Europe, East Africa kanye both of America, Australia, and Volga district in Russia. Emaphethelweni eVolga okokuqala, izidumbu ze-pterodactyl zatholakala ngonyaka we-2005.

I-pterodactyl enkulu kunazo zonke yatholakala eRomania edolobheni laseSebes, esifundeni i-Alba, enamaphiko ayi-16 m.

Iqembu lifaka imindeni eminingana:

I-Isstiodactylidae - umndeni omeleli bawo bawuhlala ngezikhathi zeJurassic neCretaceous. Konke okutholwe kulo mndeni kwenziwa endaweni esenyakatho - eNyakatho Melika, eYurophu nase-Asia. Ngo-2011, kwachazwa uhlobo olusha, uGwawinapterus beardi, kulo mndeni. Yatholakala eCanada eCretaceous sediments eyenzeka emuva eminyakeni engama-75 million.

Pteranodontidae- Umndeni wama-pretosaurs amakhulu amaCretaceous ahlala eNyakatho Melika naseYurophu. Lo mndeni uhlanganisa uhlobo lwenhlobo elandelayo: iBogolubovia, iNyctosaurus, iPteranodon, i-Ornithostoma, i-Muzquizopteryx. Izidumbu zika-Ornithostoma, ilungu lomndeni elidala, zitholakale e-UK.

I-Tapejaridae eyaziwa ngokutholwa okuvela eChina naseBrazil ngesikhathi seCretaceous yasekuqaleni.

I-Azhdarchidae (igama lisuselwa ku-Ajdarxo (kusuka ku-Azi Dahaka wasePheresiya lakudala), udrako ovela ezinsumansumane zasePheresiya). Ziyaziwa ngokuyinhloko kusukela ekugcineni kweCretaceous, yize ama-vertebrae aqhelelene aziwa kusukela kwiCreatace Cretaceous (eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-140 eyedlule). Lo mndeni uhlanganisa ezinye zezilwane ezindizayo ezinkulu kakhulu ezaziwa yisayensi.