Kunezinhlobo ezine zaseNyakatho Melika kulolu hlobo. Hola indlela yokuphila yamanzi. Zidla kuma-invertebrates ezinhlobonhlobo zasemanzini nezinhlanzi.
Uhlobo olulodwa, iMuhlenberg Swamp Turtle, i-S. muhlenbergii, ifakiwe kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN kanye neSithasiselo II se-Convention on International Trade.
Ama-turtles amanzi (i-genus Clemmys) angenye yamaqembu aphakathi omndeni ochaziwe. Uhla lohlobo luhlanganisa iSouthern Europe, Asia, North-West Africa kanye naseNyakatho Melika. Kwezinhlobo ezi-8, eyodwa (ufudu lweCaspian) ihlala ezweni lethu.
Ubukhulu besifudu seCaspian (Clemmys Caspica) asidluli ku-22 cm. Igobolondo laso li-oval, lifushane futhi libushelelezi, isihlangu sangemuva sixhumekile kubhuloho le-ventral wide bony. Emilenzeni kukhona izimbotshana zokubhukuda ezakhiwe kahle. Umbala ojwayelekile ungwephuzi lomnqumo esiqongweni ngephethini yethenji yemivimbo ephuzi elula. Umthwebuli we-ventral uphuzi onamabala amnyama. Ekhanda, entanyeni nasemilenzeni kukhona imicu ephuzi yobude obude obude. Ufudu lweCaspian lubhebhetheke eNyakatho-Ntshonalanga ne-Afrika nase-Iberian Peninsula (subspecies S. p. Leprosa), eziqhingini zoLwandle i-Aegean, esiQhingini saseBalkan, eCyprus, eningizimu nasentshonalanga yeTurkey, eSyria (S. p. Rivulata), I-East Turkey, Iran neTranscaucasia (S. k. Caspica). Ezweni lethu, ihlala eCentcaucasia eseCentral naseMpumalanga, eDagestan kanye nasentshonalanga eseningizimu ntshonalanga yeTurkmenistan.
Leli fudu lihlala ezindlini ezahlukahlukene zokugcina amanzi, lisuka emiseleni yamachibi nasemachibini liqonde emifudlaneni esehlathini nasemabeleni asebusweni. Yondla kokubili emanzini nasemhlabeni, kepha ayihambi kude namanzi. Ukudla kuqukethe imifino (i-algae, i-horsetail, i-sedge), izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinhlanzi ezidliwayo ziphila nangesimo se-carrion, kanye nama-crustaceans amancane. Emini, izimfudu zihola indlela yokuphila esebenzayo, yokudla imishayo nokushiswa yilanga elwandle. Kusihlwa baya ezansi kwendawo yokugcina bese bahlala ubusuku bonke bengcwatshwe kusilika. Ubusika babo buba futhi ezansi kwedamu.
Ngokusho prof. A. G. Bannikova, ukuthomba kumafishane aseCaspian kwenzeka eneminyaka eyi-10 kuya kwe-11, ubude bawo buyi-14-6 cm. lilinye. Ubude bamaqanda cishe buyi-37 mm. NgoSepthemba, izimpungushe ezincane ziboshwe. Imvamisa azifiki ebusweni ngalesi sikhathi, kepha ziqa emaceleni asendleleni ephuma egumbini lokudlela bese zihlala ebusika emhlabathini, zineliswe nokugcinwa kokudla kwe-yolk sac.
Ezinye izinhlobo ezimbili zamafudu asemanzini (amaClemmys nigricans noC bealei) ahlala eSoutheast Asia, kanti uhlobo olulodwa (uC japo-nica) luhlala eJapan eningizimu yeTokyo. Izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezisele zalolu hlobo zijwayelekile eNyakatho Melika.
Ufudu olubanzi (Clemmys guttata) - isilwanyana esincane esilingana nobude obu-12 cm, esinenqwaba yemibala emnyama, ehlotshiswe ngendilinga yokukhanya okuphuzi noma owolintshi. Uhlala ezindlini ezincane ezihlala empumalanga nasenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-United States, wondla ikakhulukazi kuma-invertebrates amancane. NgoJuni, izinsikazi zazala amaqanda ama-1-5 ama-3 cm ubude.
ENyakatho-mpumalanga ye-United States naseningizimu-mpumalanga yeCanada, kukhona ufudu olukhulu lwamahlathi (C. inscilpta), oluya ku-23 cm ubude, olunenhlaka yemoto ebunjiwe onsundu nomphimbo okhanyayo we-orange. Lesi sifudu sigcinwa eduze kwamanzi kuphela ngenkathi yokuzala (ukukhula ngamandla) nangaphambi kokuya ebusika. Isikhathi sakhe sonke asichitha emazweni ahlukahlukene asehlathini, imvamisa kude nezidumbu zamanzi.
Indlela ehlukile yokuphila ine turtle yemabula (C. marmorata), kusuka ogwini lwePacific e-USA naseNyakatho neMexico. Amachibi ayindawo yawo yaphakade. Esikhathini sokuzala kweqanda kuphela lapho izinsikazi ziya emhlabeni. Sekuphele amashumishumi eminyaka, izimfudu zemabula zigqokwa ngabantu bendawo ngenhliziyo yabo emnandi. Ezimakethe zaseSan Francisco kuze kube yi-20s yaleli khulu leminyaka, wawungabona njalo lezi zimfudu. Kepha ngemuva kwalokho, ukudoba kakhulu kwadicilela phansi phansi inani lezinhlobo zabantu, futhi manje ufaka lwemabula selusabalele ezindaweni ezinokuhlalwa kuzo.
Ukubukeka
I-turtle ibhukuda kahle ngenxa yesimo somzimba wayo esesimweni esikhona kanye nokuba khona kolwelwesi phakathi kweminwe.
Umsila usiza i-reptile ukushintsha indlela lapho ubhukuda. Ngosizo lwezandla ezinkulu ezibukhali, lesi silwane esincane esidla inyama siyakwazi ukudwengula inyamazane.
Habitat
Kusuka kwigama lesilwane esiphilayo ukuthi iYurophu iyindawo yayo eyinhloko. Itholakala enyakatho ye-Afrika nase-Asia Minor.
Lolu hlobo lwamafudu ashubhu luhlala eduze namachibi namachibi anamanzi amnandi nangaphansi nodaka. Uzizwa emuhle emanzini, ngakho-ke uzama ukungayi kude kakhulu namanzi futhi kunqunyelwe ukuhlala ogwini.
Indlela yokuphila
Ufudu lwaseYurophu luphumula ebusuku ezansi echibini, kuthi phakathi nemini luzifudumeza luzifudumeza elangeni. Ekwindla sekwephuzile, lesi sivikelo sifihla ezansi echibini ngesikhathi sokulala ebusika. Ngokuqala kokushisa, phakathi nentwasahlobo kuphuma kuye emhlabeni futhi kuqala impilo esebenzayo.
Idla izinambuzane, ama-amphibians, iminenke, ama-centipedes kanye nezibungu, okudingayo phakathi kwamaqabunga awile nasezintanjeni zotshani.
Kwesinye isikhathi ubamba izinhlanzi emanzini, kepha ikakhulukazi ezindala, ziyagula noma zigwaze - lezo ezingazibamba. Ukuzingela izimfudu akusizi kuphela ukubuka okuhle, kepha futhi kunephunga elihle kakhulu.
Imihlathi yesitshizi sexhaphozi ayinawo amadivayisi wokuhlafuna ukudla kwezitshalo. Ngakho-ke, kuba khona ngezikhathi ezithile emcimbini we-algae kanye neziqu ezithambile zotshani ezikhula ogwini.
Izitha
Endle, ufudu olunesixhanti olunezitha ezimbalwa - amakati amakhulu nezinyoni ezithile zezinyamazane. Zidla ikakhulu izimfudu ezincane, kepha kwesinye isikhathi zisabisa nabadala. Ukuvikelwa okuyinhloko kwefudu yigobolondo layo eliqinile, elivikela ngokuthembekile kwabazingeli.
Usongo oluphambili ufudu lwendoda ngumuntu. Ama-turamp turamp aqothulwa ngenxa yezihlangu ezibalulekile zegobolondo, lapho kwenziwa khona ubucwebe obubizayo nezinye izinto ezahlukahlukene.
Inyama namaqanda asetshenziswa ekuphekeni. Izwa indlela umuntu asondela ngayo, ufudu lungena echibini bese lucasha ngaphansi kwengqimba yesilika. Kepha ukulimala okukhulu umuntu akwenzayo kubantu balezi ezihuquzelayo kungukungcolisa nokukhipha izidumbu zamanzi amasha.
I-Mulenberg Swamp Turtle Spread.
I-Muhlenberg Swamp Tortoise ithatha uhla olungahambelani futhi oluhlukanisiwe empumalanga ye-United States. Kunabantu ababili abaphambili: enye enyakatho isakazeka empumalanga yeNew York, entshonalanga neMassachusetts, eningizimu empumalanga yePennsylvania, New Jersey, enyakatho neMaryland naseDelaware. Inani labantu baseningizimu (imvamisa egcwele izindawo ezingafika kumamitha angama-4,000) liseningizimu neVirginia, entshonalanga neNorth Carolina, empumalanga yeTennessee. I-Muhlenberg Swamp Turtle ingenye yezinhlobo ezingandile zefudu eNyakatho Melika.
I-Muhlenberg Swamp Turtle (i-Glyptemys muhlenbergii)
Izindawo zokuhlala zexhaphozi uMuellerberg.
I-Mühlenberg Swamp Turtle iyinhlangano ekhethekile ebaluleke kakhulu ehlala endaweni emincane nendawo yokuhlala yamaxhaphozi angenamanzi ama-biomes, ukusuka ezingeni lolwandle kuya ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-1300. Kutholakala emabhodeni we-peat, emabhishi aphansi, emameleni emanzi, emigodini edonswayo ngomhlanga, i-larch ne-spruce. Indawo ekahle yalolu hlobo yezinhlobo yimifudlana evulekile emincane enamanzi ahamba kancane, imifudlana enenhlabathi enodaka ethambile futhi imisele yotshani ngasogwini.
Ukuzala
Entwasahlobo, ngemuva kokushiya i-hibernation, amafudu aqala isikhathi sokuzalela. Ufudu lubeka amaqanda amhlophe ayisihlanu kuya kwayi-10 bese luwafihla emaceleni amancane asogwini lwechibi, lapho lizimba lodwa lizimele ngemilenze yangemuva.
Emva kwalokho, ukhamba uzungeze okwakha isikhashana ukuze akufihle - ipulasitiki eliqinile nelicashile lilungele ukukhipha umhlabathi. Ukuze amawundlu azalwe, kudingeka izimo zezulu ezifanele - izinga lokushisa lomoya kanye nomswakama ophakeme.
Uma le mibandela ihlangabezana, ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2 - 3, izimfudu ezincane zizalwa cishe ngamasentimitha ayi-2,5 ubude nesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-5. Ama-turwit turtle amancane anegobolondo elithambile kakhulu, ngalesi sikhathi asengozini enkulu.
Njengoba le nkathi kwenzeka ekwindla, imvamisa amathole ahlala endlini ebusika ekumbeni phansi komhlaba, kuthi entwasahlobo aphume acashe futhi aqale impilo yokuzimela.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zexhaphozi iMuellerberg.
I-Muhlenberg Swamp Tortoise ingelinye lamamagudu amancane emhlabeni. Ubude begobolondo bufinyelela ku-7.9 - 11.4 cm.Umnyama ngombala onsundu noma umnyama ngombala futhi unamabala akhanyayo emikhondweni ye-vertebral ne-pleural scges. Ezifeni ezincane, izindandatho zivame ukubonakala, kepha igobolondo lezinhlobo zakudala licishe libe bushelelezi.
Ikhanda, intamo, izinyawo, njengomthetho, zimnyama ngombala onotshani namabala abomvu aphuzi. Indawo enkulu ebomvu-owolintshi ibonakala ngemuva, kwesinye isikhathi ihlangana, idlula ibe iribhoni eliqhubekayo entanyeni. Umhlathi ongaphezulu ubhalwe buthakathaka. Iplastron inombala onsundu noma imnyama, kepha imvamisa inamabala aphuzi alula ngasohlangothini lwezindondo nezingaphandle. Iduna elidala linezitebele ezinomugqa omude nomsila omude, obukhulu. Owesifazane uhlukaniswa yipulasitiki eyisicaba nomsila omncane omncane.
IMulenberg Swamp Turtle Behavior.
Ama-marsh ama-marsh kaMuhlenberg ngokuyinhloko ayizilwane ezibandayo, yize kwesinye isikhathi ekhombisa umsebenzi wasebusuku. Ngezinsuku ezipholile, bahlala bachitha ilanga begcoba elangeni osebeni lwamachibi angashoni emamhumini, kepha lapho kushisa kakhulu bacasha phakathi kwezimila noma emiseleni eyembiwe phakathi kwe-sphagnum.
Ebusika, i-Muhlenberg swamp turtles hibernate, izingcwaba odakeni noma emithini emanzini angajulile noma emigodini ebhuquziwe. Ngokubizwa hibernation, izindawo ezifanayo zivame ukusetshenziswa lapho amaqembu amafudu ahlangana khona njalo ngonyaka. Amanye ama-marsh ama-marsh angabantu bendawo futhi avikela ngendluzula indawo encane ngokuqondile azungeze ngokwayo ngemisebe engaba amamitha ayi-1,2.
Iqembu elincane lamafudu lidinga cishe i-0,1 kuye ku-3.1 ha.
Umsoco wesikhunta saseMuellerberg.
Ama-marsh ama-marsh ama-marsh ama-omnivores, futhi adla ukudla okutholakala emanzini. Zidla ama-invertebrates amancane (izinambuzane, izibungu, iminenke, ama-crustaceans, izibungu). Kanye nembewu, amajikijolo, izingxenye eziluhlaza zezitshalo. Izilwane ezifile kanye nama-vertebrates amancane afana nama-tadpoles, amasele nama-salamanders izibungu ziqoqwa ngezikhathi ezithile.
Inani kumuntu.
Ama-turtle swamp aseMuhlenberg aqothula izinambuzane eziyingozi nezibungu. Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu iqiniso lokuthi le nhlobo ibhekwa njengomphumela wokuziphendukela kwemvelo oyingqayizivele ohlale uyinto evelele yezinsizakalo zasendle. Amaxhaphozi aseMuhlenberg abuyisa izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kunqabile, awakwazi ukuzivikela futhi asengozini yokuqothulwa. Lezi zifudu zincanyana, zinhle futhi ziyathandeka, ezifunwa abathandi bezilwane futhi ziyinto ethile.
Isimo sokulondolozwa kwexhaphozi uMuellerberg.
Iminjunju yemashi kaMuhlenberg kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN ihlukaniswe ngokuthi “sengozini” kanye ne-CITES Isithasiselo I. Okwamanje, indawo yofudu isenziwa izinguquko ezinkulu ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu kanye nokudonsa kwamaxhaphozi. Izimbungulu eziningi zisabela ngokuzwakalayo ezishintsheni zezindawo zemvelo zokuhamba ziya ezindaweni ezidlekayo endaweni yezikhukhula; lezi zindlela zivame ukuvinjelwa imigwaqo, amasimu kanye namadlelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhweba kuyaqhubeka kwezilwanyana ezingajwayelekile kanye nokwephulwa kwemithetho yamazwe omhlaba yokuvikela izinhlobo.
Amanani aphezulu alolu hlobo lwamfudu afaka isandla ekuchumeni kokuzingela, yize esongelwa ngezinhlawulo ezinzima.
Ama-turtle swamp aseMuhlenberg anezitha eziningi zemvelo ezibhubhisa amaqanda namafudu amancane, phakathi kwawo kukhona inani eliphakeme kakhulu lokufa kwabantu. Amasayizi amancane abantu akhulisa ubungozi bokuhlaselwa ngabazingeli. Inani eliphakeme ngokungafanele ngokwemvelo lama-raccoon, igwababa ligcwalisa ukuvikelwa kwezinhlobo ezingandile. Ama-turtle swamp aseMuhlenberg abonakala nge-fecundity ephansi, hhayi ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda aphezulu kakhulu, ukuvuthwa sekwephuzile kanye nesikhathi eside sokukhula. Izici ezinjalo zomjikelezo wempilo yezimbokodo zesishampu zibeka imingcele ukubuyiselwa okusheshayo kwezinamba. Ngasikhathi sinye, abantu abadala bazalela endaweni yokuhlala ethola imiphumela ehlukahlukene ye-anthropogenic, okuholela ekufeni okuphezulu okungajwayelekile phakathi kwamafudu akhulayo nawabantu abadala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwahlukaniswa kwezindawo ezandayo kukhulisa ubungozi bokushintshwa kwezakhi zofuzo okukhawulelwe kanye nokuvela kweziphambano ezihlobene kakhulu.
Izindlela zokuvikela zifaka ukukhonjwa kwezindawo ezibucayi ezibucayi, ukuvikela amafudu kusuka kubazingeli, ukusetshenziswa komhlaba okunengqondo, ukuqaliswa kwezinhlelo zokufuya ama-turtle swamp aseMuhlenberg.
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