I-Takaha, noma i-sultanka engenaphiko (Porphyrio hochstetteri) - inyoni engenabhano esengozini, ihlala eNew Zealand.
UTakache uyilungu elikhulu kunawo wonke lomndeni wakwaRallidae (inkomo). Le nyoni engafani nhlobo yokundiza, ecishe ifane nenkukhu, inomzimba onamasheya ongamasentimitha angama-63, unemilenze ebomvu eqinile, umlomo omkhulu obomvu okhanyayo nephemikhali ekhangayo eluhlaza okotshani. Izinsikazi zale nyoni zinesisindo esingu-2.3 kg, abesilisa kusuka ku-2,4 kuye ku-2.7 kg. I-takaha inamaphiko amancane angasetshenziselwa izindiza, kodwa abantweza ngokugcwala ngesikhathi sokuzala.
Swamp kwakuyindawo yokuhlala yaseTakah, kepha selokhu abantu baphenduka baba amapulazi, abakwaTaka baphoqeleka ukuthi bathuthele ezigodini ezinezintaba eziphakemeyo, ngakho-ke bahlala ezimfundeni eziphakeme kakhulu ngaphambi kokuqala kweqhwa, futhi lapho kuqala isimo sezulu esibandayo behlela emahlathini nasezihlahlini ezingaphansi komhlaba.
Lezi zinyoni zidla utshani, amahlumela ezitshalo nezinambuzane, kepha isisekelo sokudla kwazo ngamaqabunga eChionochloa nezinye izinhlobo ze-alpine zotshani nezinambuzane. Zingatholakala kaningi zidla iziqu ze-Dantonia ephuzi, futhi zibambe isiqu ngephini elilodwa, inyoni idla ingxenye ethambile kuphela, okuseleyo kuyakhishwa.
AbakwaTakaha banamanyala, i.e. dala umbhangqwana empilweni. Ukuze kuzalwe inzalo, ngo-Okthoba, lapho iqhwa liqala ukuncibilika, bakha izidleke ezinamandla otshanini namagatsha afana nesitsha esisesimweni. I-Clutch ingaqukatha eqandeni elilodwa ukuya kwezintathu ezinamaqabunga, okuvela kuwo emva kwezinsuku ezingama-30 amaphuphu. Bobabili abazali bakha amaqanda, bese babelana ngemithwalo yemfanelo yokondla abancane. Kuyisici ukuthi eyodwa kuphela inkukhu ku-clutch esinda ebusika bokuqala. Kepha ukusinda kwezinhlobo zezilwane kusizwa yikuthi ama-Takha athathwa njengezinyoni ezihlala isikhathi eside, ngoba isikhathi esijwayelekile sokuphila sisukela eminyakeni eyi-14 kuye kwengama-20.
Indaba yokutholwa kwe-takache iyajabulisa: ososayensi abafunda ngesimo seNew Zealand bake bezwa izindaba ezivela kubahlali bendawo ngesimangaliso esingenandiza - inyoni enamabala akhanyayo, kepha njengoba kungekho noyedwa kubo owaba nenhlanhla yokukubona uthatha bukhoma, banquma ukuthi lezi zindaba ziyisidalwa esiyinganekwane nje izinganekwane zasendaweni.
Kodwa-ke, ngo-1847, uWalter Mantell wayesakwazi ukuthola amathambo enyoni enkulu engaziwa komunye wemizana. Ngemuva kwalokhu kutholwa, kube neminye imizamo eminingana yokuthola uShaka, futhi eminye yayo yaphumelela ngisho: abacwaningi bakwazile nokubamba inyoni ephilayo. Kepha, selokhu ukubanjwa kokugcina kokudotshwa kukaShatha kwabanjwa ngo-1898, okwathi lapho sekulahlekile iminonjana yale nyoni, yafakwa ezinhlwini zezilwane ezanyamalalayo.
Kuphela ngo-1948, ukuxoshwa kukaGeoffrey Orbella kwaba nenhlanhla yokuthola ikoloni elincane leShihi eduze neLake Te Anau. Vuma ukuthi ngemuva "kovuko lwabafileyo" olunjalo lungabizwa kalula ngokuthi inyoni yaseNew Zealand - i-phoenix.
Okwamanje, ukuthatha kuhlu kusengozini, njengoba inabantu abancane kakhulu, kodwa abakhula kancane kancane. Ukuqothulwa okusondele ngokuphelele kwalezi zinyoni kungenxa yezici eziningi: ukuzingela ngokweqile, ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala nezilwane ezidla ezinye zadlala indima. Ngemuva kokuphinda kuvulwe, uhulumeni waseNew Zealand wenza indawo ekhethekile eFiordland National Park ukuze kulondolozwe uSakhe, kanti nezikhungo zokuzalela lezi zinyoni ezingandile nazo zakhiwa. Ngo-1982, inani labantu baseSakahe lafinyelela kubantu abangama-118 kuphela, kepha ngenxa yemizamo yokulondolozwa kwabo, inani labo lenyuka laya kuma-242.
Ukukopisha okugcwele noma okuyingxenye kwezinto, kudingeka isixhumanisi esivumelekile esizeni se-UkhtaZoo.
Uhlala kuphi
Iningi labantu abathatha izidalwa endle lihlala endaweni encane e-New Zealand, okungukuthi, ngasogwini lweLake Te Anau elihle, eningizimu nentshonalanga yesiqhingi. Abameli bokugcina balezi zilwane batholakala lapha. Ngesikhathi sohlelo lokuzalelisa, kwavela amanye amaphuzu amahlanu ekudingisweni, lapho izinyoni zaqala ukuzalela ngempumelelo. Lezi ikakhulukazi zaziyiziqhingi lapho abantu bengalethi izinyamazane. Iqembu elincane leSakahe esiqhingini saseMana livame ukuhanjelwa abathandi bemvelo nezivakashi ukuze zizibonele mathupha lezi zinyoni ezinhle. Zingabonakala naseWellington. ITakaha itholakala ikakhulukazi emahlathini ama-beech avuthayo ezindaweni zezintaba zesiqhingi, ngezinye izikhathi eziphakemeyo ezintabeni, emngceleni neqhwa. Indawo abayithandayo inguzela yezinhlanga, lapho ngobuqili benza indlela yabo ngosizo lwe-paws zabo ezinkulu nezinamandla. Uhamba ngokuqiniseka emanzini angajulile, futhi kwesinye isikhathi aze abhukude.
Izimpawu zangaphandle
UTakache uyilungu elikhulu lomndeni we-cowgirl. Ngobude, izinyoni zifinyelela ku-63 cm, kanti isisindo esijwayelekile zingama-2.7 kg, yize kwabanye abantu zingadlula i-4.5 kg. Ngenxa yobukhulu obukhulu, uTakaha kwadingeka ukuthi asho okuhle ngekhono lokundiza. Amaphiko akhe angobude obujwayelekile, kepha izicubu ze-keel nezesifuba zakhiwa ngaphansi, ngakho-ke izinyoni zichitha impilo yazo yonke phansi. I-plumage yokudonsa inhle kakhulu - luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nge-emerald tint. Imilenze inamandla, ibomvu, njengomlomo. Ukuma komlomo kufana nokwenqenqema lomgwaqo: iziphetho ziyagqagqana, ziya ngemuva komunye nomunye.
Indlela yokuphila
UTakaha ukhetha kakhulu ekukhetheni kokudla. Ukudla okuthandekayo ngotshani, obukhula emngceleni wesembozo seqhwa. I-Takache idla kuphela ingxenye ethambile, bese ilahla konke. Lapho bungekho utshani obuyintandokazi, ishintsha ibe amahlumela amancane nezinambuzane. Lapho igcinwa ekudingisweni, into emangazayo iyabonakala: izinyoni zidla ukudla okungekhona kwendabuko kwazo - inyama yezinye izilwane.
I-Takache iyisilwane esithulelayo, kuphela ezimweni eziyingozi imemeza kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokuzwana, abesilisa benza umsindo ongaziwa wokuthi “ukushaya ihlombe,” lapho izinsikazi ziphendula nge-sy -able-ta-ka-heh emithathu, okuthi mhlawumbe babe negama ngayo.
Ukudla okuthandwa yi-Takache - Grass Ethambile
Izilokazana zakhiwa zinamandla amakhulu, kusuka ezimvini ezomile, njengomthetho, zitholakala ngaphansi kwezihlahla futhi zinomnyango ngendlela yomhubhe. Abesifazane bazalela amaqanda amabili, kwesinye isikhathi amathathu. Amaviki amabili okuqala, amaphuphu avelayo adla izinambuzane kuphela. Ukudla okunjalo kucebile ezintweni ezidingekayo ekukhuleni okusebenzayo. Kamuva, baphendukela ekudleni kwemifino. Bobabili abazali baletha ukudla emachwaneni akhulayo.
Esikhathini esiningi, kuphuma inkukhu eyodwa kuphela, kanti ovuthiwe oneminyaka emithathu ubudala akafiki ngaphezu kwama-40% wenzalo. Yilesi sici se-takache biology esinquma ukuthi noma ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle isibalo sezinyoni sikhula kancane.
Iqiniso elihehayo
Phakathi kwezizwe zamaMaori, abomdabu baseNew Zealand, kunamagama amabili alolu hlobo lwenhlobo: "takake" ne "mogo". Babonge le nyoni ngobuningi bayo obungajwayelekile, obabusetshenziswa njengomhlobiso. AbaseYurophu abakwazanga ukubamba okungenani uhlobo olulodwa lwenhlobo, ngakho-ke babheka izindaba zabahlali bendawo njengezinganekwane nje. Kusele izidumbu nesikhumba senyezi kuphela ezasivumela ukuba sizikholwe. Igama laso lesi-Latin elithi hochstetteri lithole ukubukeka okungaqondakali ukuhlonipha umhloli wamazwe odumile wase-Australia naseNew Zealand - USolwazi Ferdinand von Hochstetter.
UTakaha uboniswa ngohlamvu lwemali olubiza idola elilodwa laseNew Zealand, le mali yesizwe idume ngokuthi "kiwi" - ukuhlonipha enye inyoni engenabhanoyi evela eNew Zealand, uphawu oludume kakhulu kuleli.
Encwadini ebomvu
Ngemuva kwenkathi yokufunda i-takache ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX. uhlobo lwayo lwaluthathwa njengoluphele iminyaka engama-60. Kuphela ngo-1948, izinyoni zaphinde zabonakala endle. Ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokuthola okujabulisayo, iziphathimandla zaseNew Zealand zaphenduka indawo yokuhlala yazo zaba yindawo yokubhuka ukuze izinhlobo zezilwane zingafi ngokuphelele kulokhu. Kwakhiwa isikhungo sokuzalela abathunjiwe eduze kwaleli gadi, futhi eminyakeni embalwa emva kokudalwa kwalo, izinyoni zokuqala zakhululwa zangena endle. Usongo olukhulu kuSakahe ukungakwazi ukuncintisana ngokudla nezinhlobo zezilwane ezaqalwa ngabantu futhi kwasakazeka ngokushesha kuso sonke isiqhingi. Ukunciphisa umthelela wabancintisana, kudutshulwe izinyamazane eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-17 kule ndawo. Kuze kube manje, izinyoni ezingama-225 kuphela ezisasele emvelweni, noma kunjalo, isibalo sazo zisanda kuqala ukukhula, okuyinto ekhuthaza kakhulu kulabo abonga imvelo.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Ngo-1849, iqembu labadayisi eDuska Bay lahlangana nenyoni enkulu ababeyibamba base beyidla. UWalter Mantell wahlangana ngephutha nabazingeli futhi wathatha isikhumba senyoni. Uyithumele kuyise, isazi se-paleontologist uGideon Mantell, futhi wabona ukuthi kwakunguNotornis ("inyoni yaseningizimu"), inyoni ephilayo, eyaziwa kuphela ngamathambo ayo anezinhlayiya, ngaphambili eyayithathwa njengeyashabalala njenge-moa. Wethule ikhophi ngo-1850 emhlanganweni we-Zoological Society of London.
Ividiyo: Takache
Ngekhulu le-19, abantu baseYurophu bathola kuphela amaShuhi amabili. Umbono owodwa wabanjwa eduze kweLake Te Anau ngonyaka we-1879 futhi wathengwa yi-State Museum yaseGermany. Wabulawa ngesikhathi kuqhuma amabhomu eDresden eMpini Yezwe II. Ngo-1898, umuntu wesibili wabanjwa yinja egama linguGrubaya, eyayingeyikaJack Ross. URoss wazama ukusindisa lona wesifazane olimele, kodwa yena washona. Ikhophi lalithengwa nguhulumeni waseNew Zealand lafakwa obala. Iminyaka eminingi kwakuwukuphela kombukiso okhonjiswa noma kuphi emhlabeni.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ngemuva kuka-1898, imibiko yezinyoni ezinkulu eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yaqhubeka yamukelwa. Akukho lutho olubanjiwe olungaqinisekiswa, ngakho-ke uShatha wabhekwa njengonqamkile.
Ngokumangazayo, ukuthathwa kwezidumbu kuphinde kwatholakala ezintabeni zaseMurchison ngoNovemba 20, 1948. Kwaboshwa iziqubu ezimbili kepha zabuyiselwa endle ngemuva kokuthathwa kwezithombe zale nyoni esanda kutholwa. Ukucwaninga okunye kwezakhi zofuzo kwabaphilayo nabangasekho kwabonisa ukuthi izinyoni zaseNyakatho naseNingizimu Islands zazizinhlobo ezihlukile.
Umbono weNorth Island (P. mantelli) wawaziwa kumaMaori ngokuthi mōho. Ushonile futhi waziwa kuphela ngezinsalela zamathambo kanye nesampula eyodwa. IMōho yayimde futhi inciphile kune-takhē, futhi yayinokhokho abajwayelekile. UTakaha, ohlala esiqhingini saseNingizimu, wehla esuka kulayini ohlukile, futhi amelele ukwehlukaniswa okuhlukile nokwenziwe ngaphambili kweNew Zealand evela e-Afrika.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Photo: Ngabe kubukeka kanjani i-takache?
UTakache uyilungu elikhulu kunawo wonke lomndeni wakwaRallidae. Ubude bawo bonke buba ngokwesilinganiso esingu-63 cm, kanti isisindo esijwayelekile silingana no-2.7 kg emadodeni kanye no-2.3 kg kwabesifazane ebangeni le-1.8-4.2 kg. Ukuphakama cishe ngamasentimitha angama-50. Yinyoni eqinile, enamandla enemilenze emifushane eqinile nomlomo omkhulu omkhulu ongakhiqiza ukuluma okungaqondile. Lesi akusona isidalwa ezindizayo esinamaphiko amancane kwesinye isikhathi asetshenziselwa ukusiza inyoni ukuba ikhuphuke emithambekeni.
I-plumage ye-takaha, umlomo wayo nemilenze kukhombisa imibala ejwayelekile ye-gallinul. Amapayipi omuntu omdala washaha ongumthungi, onsundu, ikakhulukazi omnyama okwesibhakabhaka ekhanda, entanyeni, engaphandle yamaphiko nengxenye engezansi. Izimpiko zangemuva nezangaphakathi zinombala oluhlaza okotshani futhi ziluhlaza ngombala, kuthi umsila umbala ube luhlaza okomnqumo. Izinyoni zinesihlangu sangaphambili esibomvu esikhanyayo futhi "ubuhlalu be-carmine buhlungwe ngemithunzi ebomvu." Amawashi abo abomvu obomvu.
Phansi kuyafana. Abesifazane bancane. Amachwane ambozwe ngentambo kusuka kokumnyama okwesibhakabhaka kuya kokumnyama phezu kokubopha futhi anemilenze eminsundu emikhulu. Kepha basheshe bathola umbala wabantu abadala. Ama-takaature ama -aturena abe nohlobo olufiphele lokubala imibala yabantu abadala, enoqhwaku olumnyama olujika lubomvu njengoba ekhula. I-dimorphism yezocansi ayibonakali kalula, yize abesilisa ngokwesilinganiso beba likhulu ngobukhulu.
Manje uyazi ukuthi kubukeka kanjani iTakaha. Sibona ukuthi le nyoni ihlala kuphi.
Uhlala kuphi uSakahe?
Photo: Takache bird
IPorphyrio hochstetteri yindawo entsha eNew Zealand. Imfucumfucu ikhombisa ukuthi yake yagcwala eNyakatho naseSouth Islands, kepha ngesikhathi "kutholakala okusha" ngonyaka we-1948, le nhlobo yayinganqunyelwe ezintabeni zaseMurchison eFjordland (cishe ibanga elingama-650 km 2), kanti zazingama-250-300 kuphela izinyoni, iPopulation lehla laya emazingeni aphansi kakhulu ngawo-1970 nango-1980, labe selisuka kwizinyoni eziyi-100 laya ku-160 ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20 kanti ekuqaleni kukholelwa ukuthi izinyoni zingazala. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yemicimbi ehlobene nama-hormone, ngonyaka we-2007-2008 leli nani lehle ngaphezulu kwama-40%, kwathi ngonyaka ka-2014 lafika okungenani abantu abangama-80.
Ukungezelelwa yizinyoni ezivela kwezinye izindawo kwandise lesi sizwe saba ngu-110 ngonyaka we-2016. Uhlelo lokufuya abathunjiwe lwethulwa ngo-1985 ngenhloso yokwandisa inani labantu ukuba bathuthele eziqhingini ezingenazo izilwane ezidla ubhedu. Cishe ngonyaka ka-2010, indlela yokuzalela abathunjiwe yashintshwa futhi namachwane akhuliswanga ngabantu, kodwa ngomama bawo, okuandisa amathuba okusinda kwabo.
Namuhla, abantu abasuselwe endaweni yokuhlala batholakala eziqhingini eziyisishiyagalolunye ezisogwini nasezweni elikhulu:
- IMana Island
- Tirithiri Matangi,
- ICape Sancwele,
- Isiqhingi saseMotutapu,
- ETauharanui eNew Zealand,
- Kapiti,
- Isiqhingi saseRotoroa
- Isikhungo iTaruhe eBurbwood nakwezinye izindawo.
Futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, endaweni eyodwa engaziwa kahle, lapho amanani abo enyuka khona kancane, enabantu abadala abangama-55 ngonyaka we-1998 ngenxa yokubekelwa phansi okuncane nokwenyuka kwamanani entengo aphathelene nezinga lokungeniswa kowesifazane walesi sibhangqwana. Inani leziqhingi ezithile ezincane manje selingasondela ekungeneni kokunye. Izwekazi lase Mainland lingatholakala emadlelweni e-alpine nasezihlahleni ezingaphansi kwe-subalpine. Inani leziqhingi lihlala emadlelo aguquliwe.
Ngabe kudliwa yini uTakaha?
Isithombe: Takahe Cowgirl
Le nyoni idla utshani, amahlumela nezinambuzane, kepha ikakhulukazi lawa ngamaqabunga eChionochloa nezinye izinhlobo zotshani. Ama-Takache angabonakala lapho edonsa isiqu sotshani obuneqhwa (iDanthonia flavescens). Le nyoni ithatha lesi sitshalo ngesigaxa esisodwa futhi idla kuphela izingxenye ezingezansi ezithambile, okuyizintandokazi zokudla, iphonse ezinye.
ENew Zealand, kwaqoshwa amaqanda ama-takaha namachwane ezinye izinyoni ezincane. Yize lokhu kuziphatha kungaziwa ngaphambili, ama-sultans ahlobene namahlaya kwesinye isikhathi adla amaqanda namachwane ezinye izinyoni. Uhla lwale nyoni lukhawulelwe kumadlelo e-alpine ezweni elikhulu futhi londla ikakhulu kumajusi kusuka kusisekelo sotshani oluneqhwa nolunye lwezinhlobonhlobo zamafern rhizomes. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abamele izinhlobo zobumnandi badla utshani nokusanhlamvu okulethwa eziqhingini.
Izibiliboco Zentandokazi
Futhi, ama-takache adla izisekelo zamaqabunga kanye nembewu yeChionochloa rigida, iChionochloa pallens neChionochloa crassiuscula. Kwesinye isikhathi nawo athatha izinambuzane, ikakhulukazi lapho kukhula amaphuphu. Isisekelo sokudla kwezinyoni ngamaqabunga eChionochloa. Zivame ukubonwa zidla umhlanga namaqabunga eDantonia aphuzi.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
AmaTakaha ayasebenza emini futhi aphumule ebusuku. Banokwethenjwa okuphezulu komhlaba, ukushayisana okuningi phakathi kwamabili ancintisanayo kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokufakwa. Lezi akuzona izinyoni ezindizayo ezihlala emhlabathini. Indlela yabo yokuphila yasungulwa yodwa e-New Zealand Islands. Izindawo zokuhlala ze-Takake ziyahlukahluka ngosayizi nobukhulu. Ubungako obuhle kakhulu bendawo ekuhlalwa kuyo isukela ku-1,2 kuye ku-4,9 ha, nobuningi obuphakeme kakhulu babantu ezindaweni zokuhlala ezinomswakama ophansi.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Izinhlobo zeSakaha ziyindlela evumelana nekhono elilodwa lokungakwazi ukundiza lezinyoni zesiqhingi. Ngenxa yokutholakala nokungajwayelekile, lezi zinyoni zisekela imvelo yabantu abanesifiso sokubuka lezi zinyoni ezingavamile kakhulu eziqhingini ezisogwini.
ITakaha itholakala endaweni yama-alpine meadows, lapho itholakala khona kakhulu onyakeni. Ihlala emadlelweni kuze kuqhamuke iqhwa, emva kwalokho izinyoni ziyaphoqeleka ukuba zehle emahlathini noma ehlathini. Njengamanje, mincane imininingwane etholakalayo yokuthi ungaxhuma kanjani izinyoni zeTakaha komunye nomunye. Izimpawu ezibonakalayo nezithambisayo zisetshenziswa yilezi zinyoni lapho zihlanganisa. Amakati angaqala ukuzala ekugcineni konyaka wawo wokuqala wokuphila, kepha avame ukuqala ngonyaka wesibili.Takache bird monogamous: imibhangqwana ihlala ndawonye kusukela eminyakeni eyi-12, mhlawumbe kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Takache bird
Ukukhetha umbhangqwana kufaka izinketho ezimbalwa zokuthandana. I-duet ne-nape yentamo, bobabili ubulili, yizindlela zokuziphatha ezivame kakhulu. Ngemuva kokuqomisana, insikazi iphoqa owesilisa, iqonde emuva ibheke kowesilisa, imeseke amaphiko ayo futhi ihlise ikhanda. Owesilisa unakekela iplamu lowesifazane futhi ongumsunguli wokuqokwa.
Ukuzala kabusha kwenzeka ebusika baseNew Zealand, buye kuphela ngo-Okthoba. Lo mbhangqwana uhlela isidleke esijulile esimweni sesitsha samawele amancane notshani phansi. Owesifazane ubeka isigaxa samaqanda ama-1-3, esidonsa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-30 zokufakwa ngaphakathi. Kuye kwabikwa amanani ahlukahlukene okusinda, kodwa ngokwesilinganiso yiphuphu elilodwa kuphela elizosinda lapho selikhulile.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Kuncane kakhulu okwaziwayo mayelana nesikhathi sokuphila kukaSakhile endle. Ngokusho kwemithombo, zingaphila endle iminyaka eyi-14 kuye kwengama-20. Ekudingisweni kuze kube iminyaka engama-20.
Ama-Takake ngababili esiqhingini saseNingizimu, lapho engawafaki amaqanda, kuvame ukusondelana. Ngokuphambene, amabala esidlekeni awavamisile ukubonwa ndawonye ngenkathi kufakwa, ngakho-ke kucatshangwa ukuthi inyoni eyodwa ihlala esidlekeni. Izinsikazi ziqhasha isikhathi esithe xaxa phakathi kwemini, kuthi abesilisa bahudule ubusuku. Ukuqashelwa ngemuva kokuqokwa kukhombisa ukuthi bobabili ubulili bachitha isikhathi esilinganayo besondla abancane. Intsha yondliwa ize ibe cishe nezinyanga ezintathu ubudala, emva kwalokho izimele.
Izitha zemvelo ze-takache
Isithombe: Takahe Cowgirl
UTakaha wayengenazo izisulu zasendaweni phambilini. Inani labantu lehlile njengomphumela wezinguquko ze-anthropogenic, njengokubhujiswa nokushintshwa kwendawo yokuhlala, ukuzingela kanye nokufakwa kwezilwane ezidla izimbangi nezimbangi zezilwane ezincelisayo okubandakanya izinja, izinyamazane kanye nezinsikazi.
Izisulu eziphambili ze-takache:
- abantu (homo sapiens)
- izinja ezifuywayo (C. lupusiliaris),
- inyamazane ebomvu (C. elaphus),
- u-ermine (M. erminea).
Ukwethulwa kwenyamazane ebomvu kungumncintiswano onzima wokudla, kuyilapho i-ermines idlala indima yabazingeli. Ukusatshalaliswa kwamahlathi ePleistocene ye-post-glacial kube nomthelela ekwehlisweni kwezindawo zokuhlala.
Izizathu zokwehla kokuthathwa kwenqwaba yabantu ngaphambi kokufika kwabaseYurophu zachazwa nguWill (1962). Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kwakuyisizathu esiyinhloko sokwehla kwamanani weTakahé ekuxazululeni abaseYurophu. Izinguquko zemvelo azizange zingene ngaphandle komkhondo weSakahe, futhi zacekela phansi cishe zonke. Ukusinda emazingeni okushisa ahlukahlukene ayengemukelekile kuleli qembu lezinyoni. UTakakhe uhlala ezimfundeni eziphakemeyo, kepha isikhathi se-postglacial sazichitha lezi zindawo, okwaholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwamanani awo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abafokazi basePolynesia, abafika eminyakeni engaba ngu-800-1000 edlule, beza nezinja kanye namagundane asePolynesia. Futhi baqala nokuzingela ngamandla ukuthola i-takaha yokudla, okubangele ukwehla okusha. Izindawo zokuhlala zaseYurophu ngekhulu le-19 zacishe zababhubhisa ngokuzingela nokwazisa izilwane ezincelisayo ezinjengezinyamazane ezazincintisana ngokudla, nezilwane ezidla ezinye (ngokwesibonelo, ama-ermines), ezazizingela zona ngokuqondile.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Photo: Ngabe kubukeka kanjani i-takache?
Isamba sabantu namuhla silinganiselwa ku-280 izinyoni ezivuthiwe ezinamabili angaba ngu-87 okuzala. Isibalo sabantu siyashintshashintsha njalo, kufaka phakathi ukwehla kwama-40% ngenxa yokuqagelwa ngonyaka we-2007/08. Isibalo sabantu abaziswe endle besilokhu sikhuphuka kancane futhi ososayensi balindele ukuthi manje sizinzise.
Lolu hlobo lubhalwe njengolusengozini ngoba lunabantu abambalwa kakhulu, abakhula kancane kancane. Uhlelo lokuhlenga kabusha lwamanje luhlose ukudala abantu abazokwanela abantu abangaphezu kwe-500. Uma inani labantu liqhubeka ukwanda, lokhu kuzodala ukuthi kudluliselwe ohlwini olusengcupheni lweNcwadi ebomvu.
Ukunyamalala okucishe kube ngokuphelele kokuthathwa kwendawo yonke edlule ngenxa yezizathu eziningi:
- ukuzingela ngokweqile
- ukulahleka kwendawo
- wethula abazingeli.
Njengoba le nhlobo ihlala isikhathi eside, izinhlobo zizalela kancane kancane, kuthatha iminyaka eminingana ukufinyelela ekuvuthweni futhi inohlu olukhulu, okuye kwehla kakhulu ngesibalo esincane sezizukulwane, ukucindezelwa kwe-inbred kuyinkinga enkulu. Nemizamo yokululama iyaphazanyiswa ubusika obuphansi bezinyoni ezisele.
Ukuhlaziywa kofuzo kwakusetshenziselwa ukukhetha isitokhwe sokuzalela ukuze kugcinwe ukuhlukahluka okukhulu kofuzo. Enye yezinhloso zokuqala zesikhathi eside bekuwukuzenzela inani elanele labantu abangaphezulu kuka-500. Ekuqaleni kuka-2013, isibalo sasingabantu abangama-263. Ngo-2016, ikhule yaba ngu-306 takah. Ngo-2017, aze afike kuma-347 - 13% ngaphezulu kwalonyaka owedlule.
Unogada weTakache
Isithombe: I-Red Book Takache
Ngemuva kwezinsongo ezinde zokuqothulwa, uShakaha manje uthola isivikelo ePaki yeLizwe iFiordland. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo aluzange luthole ukululama okuzinzile. Eqinisweni, inani labantu baseTakahi ekutholaka okusha laba ngabantu abangama-400, base benqaba befika ku-118 ngonyaka we-1982 ngenxa yokuncintisana nodlame lwasekhaya. Ukuvulwa kabusha kweTakahé kuvuse isasasa lomphakathi.
Uhulumeni waseNew Zealand uthathe isinyathelo ngokushesha ngokuvala ingxenye eyihlane yeFiordland National Park ukuze izinyoni zingaphazamiseki. Izinhlelo eziningi zokubuyiselwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane ziye zasungulwa. Kwenziwe imizamo ephumelelayo yokuhambisa ama-takah "ezindaweni zokugcina iziqhingi", futhi abelwa ekudingisweni. Ekugcineni, cishe iminyaka eyishumi, akukho senzo esathathwa ngenxa yokushoda kwezinsizakusebenza.
Kusungulwe uhlelo olukhethekile lwezinyathelo ukwandisa inani labantu abaqaphile, kubandakanya:
- Ukusungula ukulawula okukhulu kwezidlakudla zakwaSakhe,
- ukuvuselelwa, futhi kwezinye izindawo ukudalwa kwendawo edingekayo,
- ukwethulwa kokubukwa kweziqhingi ezincane ezingasekela inani elikhulu,
- ukwenziwa kabusha kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ukuvela kabusha. Ukudalwa kwabantu abaningi ezweni elikhulu,
- ukuzalanisa kuthunjwa / ukuzala kabusha,
- ukuqwashisa umphakathi ngokubamba izinyoni ezithunjiwe ukuze zivezwe emphakathini futhi zivakashele iziqhingi, kanye nangabezindaba.
Imbangela yokwanda kwesibalo esiphansi kwabantu nokushona okukhulu kwamachwane eziqhingini ezisogwini kufanele kuphenywe. Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kuzovumela izindlela zokuqapha enanini lezinyoni nokukhiqizwa kwazo, kanye nokwenza izifundo zabantu ekudingisweni. Intuthuko ebalulekile ekuphathweni kwakuwukulawulwa okuqinile kwezinyamazane eziNtabeni zaseMurchison nakwezinye izindawo lapho kuhlala khona i-tahake.
Lokhu kuthuthukisa kusize ukukhulisa impumelelo yokuzalanisa. Takache. Ucwaningo lwamanje luhlose ukulinganisa umthelela wokuhlaselwa kwe-ermine futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukuxazulula inkinga yokuthi ngabe i-ermies yinkinga ebalulekile edinga ukuphathwa.