Ngenxa yemichilo ebonakala ngokucacile emaphikweni angakakhiwa we-izidleke zaloluhlobo, ososayensi isikhathi eside babheka i-goacin njengesixhumanisi esigciniwe phakathi kwe-archeopteryx ye-fossil kanye nezinhlobo zezinyoni zesimanje.
Habitat.
UGonzin uhlala engxenyeni esenyakatho yeSouth America endaweni yaseBolivia. IPeru neBrazil, ezihlala emahlathini aminyene egalari akhula ngasemifuleni nasemifuleni. Izinhlobo eziphambili ezakha izihlahlana zalapha yizihlahla zomtholo, umcamelo, umkhiwane ne-balsa, ama mangroves nezihlahlana, kanye ne-hevea yaseBrazil futhi, akuvamile, kube yi-holly. Impilo, le nyoni ilungele kuphela leyo ngxenye yehlathi lapho kunamachibi avulekile noma ixhaphozi. Endaweni yokuhlala ye-goacin, cishe akukho ukushintshwa kwezinkathi zonyaka, ngoba izitshalo ngenxa yalokho zithela izithelo unyaka wonke futhi zingadonsi amaqabunga, lezi zinyoni ezinemibala zihlala zinikezwa ukudla.
Izinhlobo: Goacin - Opisthocomus hoazin.
Umndeni: Goacin.
I-oda: Goacins.
Isigaba: Izinyoni.
I-Subtype: Ama-vertebrates.
Habitat. Ihlala eSouth America.
Ezokuphepha.
AmaNdiya omdabu ahlala azingela ama-goatin ngenxa yezimpaphe ezinhle kakhulu, futhi esebenzisa amaqanda alezi zinyoni ekudleni. Namuhla, ukubamba izimbotshana ngezinhloso zokuzithengisa phesheya kuvame kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, iqiniso lokuqala nelesibili lingabhekwa njengelincane kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa nokusongela okukhulu kobukhona kwezinhlobo, okuhambisana nokubhujiswa okusheshayo kwamahlathi emvula ase-Amazon kanye nokudonsa kwezigodi ezinkulu zasendaweni. Namuhla, ngenxa yokusebenza kwabantu okunje, inani labantu basePeruvia Goacin bacishe bafa, kodwa ngeshwa, azikho izifundazwe esethule izindlela zokuvikela eziphumelela ngempela.
Indlela yokuphila.
I-Goacin iyinyoni enobuntu obuhle futhi yakha imihlambi yabantu abayishumi kuya kwabangu-20 ngaphandle kwenkathi yezidleke. Uchitha isikhathi sakhe esiningi ehleli emagatsheni ezihlahla noma ehambisa imiyalezo yawo, futhi uvame ukuzisiza ngamaphiko, ezisebenzisa njengokusekelwa okwengeziwe. Yize izimpaphe zale nyoni zithuthukisiwe ngokuphelele, futhi izimpiko zingancishisiwe, icishe yalahlekelwa ngokuphelele amandla ayo okundiza futhi ngokunqotshwa ibanga elingamamitha angamashumi amahlanu. Emini, i-goacin imatasa ifuna ukudla, isisekelo sokudla kwayo ngamaqabunga, izithelo namahlumela ezitshalo ezahlukahlukene. Ngomlomo wayo omfishane, izingcweti ezinemikhawulo ziyasusa izingcezwana zezitshalo, bese siziginya, ziqokelele ku-goiter voluminous. Lapho leyokugcina igcwala phezulu, iba nesisindo esikhulu kangangokuba amazibuko angahamba kuphela ngobunzima obonakalayo. Le nyoni ifakwa egatsheni, idlulisela konke okusindayo e-sternum, ngaphansi kwayo lapho kunendawo ekhethekile yomoya. Ukudla okuchobozekile ku-goiter okusendleleni eya esiswini kuvuthwa ngamagciwane ahlala emgodini wokugaya ukudla. Ngenkathi bedla futhi bephumula, amalungu aleli phakethe amemeza ngezwi elikhulu. I-Goacins ilele emiqheleni yezihlahla.
Ukuzala.
Ngesikhathi sokudlekwa, umhlambi wama-goacin uhlukana ube yimiphakathi emincane. Njengomthetho, kwakhiwa abantu abangama-8-10, abaqala ukwakha izidleke ngokusondelana. Umbhangqwana ngamunye unesidleke sawo emagatsheni esihlahla silenga phezu kwamanzi. Ngokubukeka, lesi sakhiwo sifana nebhasikidi elakhiwe ngamagatsha amancanyana neziqu zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda ama-2-3 egobolondweni elinombala ukhilimu, embozwe ngamabala apinki kanye ansundu. Ngesikhathi sokungena kwamasonto amane, bobabili abazali bafaka umunyu. Amakati azalwa enqunu, kepha agcwala ngokushesha i-fluff; emaphethelweni amaphiko awo kukhona izigaxa ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, ingane ingena emagatsheni bese yehla nayo iqonde phansi, izisize ngomlomo wayo futhi igobe izinzwaneni nasemaphikweni ayo. Lapho ibona ingozi, ngokushesha igxumela emanzini, lapho ikwazi ukubhukuda ngaphefumula munye kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-6. Lapho selivele lavela, leli kheku elisempandeni yemihlume namagatsha libuyele esidlekeni. Ephikweni, noma kunjalo, ukukhula okuncane kuba sekwephuzile ngakho-ke isikhathi eside kuncike kubazali, abamhambisa namagatsha baye ezindaweni zokudla. Ngesikhathi ekwakhekeni kwamaphiko kokugcina, izilenge ezisezindongeni zazo ziyanyamalala.
Uthi bewazi?
- Kukhona isiguqo somoya ngaphansi kwe-sternum emzimbeni we-goacin: isiza inyoni ukuhlala kahle emagatsheni ngesikhathi sokugaywa kokudla.
- Kuphela amachwane ale nyoni anezimpaphe emaphikweni awo.
- Phambilini, ukugoba okusezindongeni zamaphiko bekubhekwa njengobufakazi bokuthi isilwane esivele sikhona, uphawu lokuzwana ngqo phakathi kwe-goatin ne-Archeopteryx engapheli. Manje, okuphambene nalokho, kukholelwa ukuthi lokhu kungukutholwa kwamuva nje kokuziphendukela kwemvelo okwandisa amathuba ezilwane ezisencane ukuze ziphile.
- Uma kwenzeka ingozi, i-goacin iqala ukukhipha iphunga le-musk. Njengomthetho, abantu noma izilwane abayidli le nyama yenkukhu.
- Isithombe se-goacin sibekwe engubeni yengubo yaseGuyana.
- Njengoba i-goacin indiza incane kakhulu, izicubu zayo zomzimba zithuthukiswa kahle.
Goacin - Opisthocomus hoazin
Ubude bomzimba: 60-70 cm.
Isisindo: 700-900 g.
Inani lamaqanda: 2-3.
Isikhathi sokufakwa: izinsuku ezingama-28.
Ukudla okunempilo: amaqabunga, efihlekile, izithelo.
Isakhiwo.
Amehlo. Eduze kwamehlo ngothingo olubomvu kuyizindawo zesikhumba ezingenalutho, ezidwetshwe ngombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Crest. Ekhanda kukhona indalo enkulu yezimpaphe zombala obomvu.
Ikhanda. Ikhanda elincane alinawo nhlobo u-plumage.
Umzimba. Umzimba uphakeme futhi umncanyana. Imisipha ye-pectoral ayakheki kahle.
Umlomo. Uqhwaku olufushane luphansi phansi.
I-Plumage. Iningi lomzimba, kanye nezimpaphe, ngombala onsundu ngombala ngemisho emhlophe. Ingxenye ye-ventral ngumbala ophuzi, kanti umphimbo kanye nengaphakathi lamaphiko iplamu libomvu ngokugqamile.
Ntamo. UGoacin unentamo ende.
Imilenze. Imilenze emide enhle iphela ngezinzwane ezine.
Umsila. Izimpaphe zomsila omude zinsundu ngamathiphu alula.
Izinhlobo ezihlobene.
Isikhundla se-goacin emnakekelweni wezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo sisadala impikiswano. Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi le nyoni kufanele ihlukaniswe yindawo ehlukile, abanye bagcizelela ukuthi kufanele inikezwe i-oda le-cockoo yizimpawu eziningi, kanti okwesithathu ukuthi i-goatin ingummeleli ovelele we-inkukhu. Noma ngabe kunjani, bonke bayavuma ukuthi lolu hlobo kuphela kommeleli womndeni we-goacin. Ukubukeka nokwakheka komzimba, ufana kakhulu nepheasant.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Bird Goatsin phambilini bekuthiwa yinkukhu, kepha ezinye izinto zaphoqa ososayensi ukuthi bacabangele lesi simo kabusha. I-Goacin inezici eziningi ezinjalo ezenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukwahlukanisa izinhlobo zale nyoni ye-goacin. Ngokungafani nezinkukhu, le nyoni inobuhlanga nje bensika, inomunwe omkhulu emuva, kanti i-sternum inomehluko wayo.
Le nyoni eshisayo inomzimba, ongaba ngu-60 cm ubude, wombala ongajwayelekile. Izimpaphe ngasemuva zipendwe ngombala we-olive ngemibala ekhanyayo ephuzi noma emhlophe. Ikhanda lesikhumba sezimbuzi lihlotshiswe nge-crest, izihlathi azinamabala, zimane ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Intamo iyaphakama, imbozwe ngezimpaphe ezinciphile, ezikhomba.
Lezi zimpaphe zipendiwe ngophuzi okhanyayo, okuthi esiswini siphenduke ubomvu o-orenji. Umsila muhle kakhulu - izimpaphe ezimnyama emaphethelweni "zichazwe" ngumngcele we-lime ophuzi obanzi. Uma ubheka goacin esithombeni, lapho-ke siyakwazi ukuqaphela ukuvela kwayo okungajwayelekile futhi, sikhuluma ulimi lomthengisi wezindaba, kwakuyizimbuzi okwakuyizibonelo ze-Firebird.
Akukaziwa ukuthi izakhamizi zaseGuyana ziyazithanda yini izinganekwane, kodwa ezigqokeni zazo ezingalweni ziveze lo mmeleli onemibala eyiwo. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi le nyoni ifana kakhulu ne-archeopteryx ye-prehistoric, ngaphandle kwesizathu bacabanga ukuthi yi-goatin njengenyoni yakudala kunazo zonke. Ekubukeni kokuqala, zonke izinyoni zivamile kakhulu. Futhi phakathi kwabo bahluke ngosayizi, umbala kanye nokwakheka komzimba.
Kepha abantu abanelukuluku kuphela abona ukuthi zingaki izici ezithile ezimangalisayo inhlobo ngayinye eziphethe yona. Incazelo ye-Goatsin bird kuyavuma. Ukwenza isibonelo, emzimbeni we-goatin, ngaphansi kwe-sternum, kunohlobo lwesigaxa somoya, esidalwe kuphela ukwenza kube lula ukuba inyoni ihlale esihlahleni ngenkathi idaya ukudla.
Iqiniso elinelukuluku kakhulu - yinyoni kuphela ezocabanga ukuthi kukhona okusongela yena, njengoba ngokushesha enikeza iphunga lomsipha elinamandla. Ngemuva kwamaphunga anjalo, abantu noma izilwane ngeke badle inyama enama -buzi. Kungakho indoda ebukekayo eqhoshayo isabizwa ngokuthi inyoni enuka kakhulu emhlabeni.
Kepha abantu bebesazingela le nyoni. Bakhangwa ngamapheya amnandi, futhi basebenzisa amaqanda ekudleni. Namuhla, ukuzingela i-goatin akumisiwe, manje lokhu okubukekayo kubanjwa ngenhloso yokuthengisa phesheya.
Mhlawumbe lezi zinyoni zazingacasha kubazingeli, kepha inyoni ayikwazi ukuzivikela ekudonselweni okusheshayo kwezixhaphozi nokubhujiswa kwamahlathi ashisayo. Futhi indawo ehlala le nyoni enemibala emihle amahlathi ashisayo asezindaweni ezishisayo akhula eduze nezibambo zemifudlana neziphethu.
Goacin Fall ethandwa amahlathi engxenyeni enobungani yeSouth America. Cishe awukho umehluko obukhali phakathi kwezinkathi zonyaka, izitshalo ezinamahlamvu unyaka wonke futhi zihlala zithela izithelo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uGoacin ngeke abe nezinkinga ngokudla.
Isimilo nendlela yokuphila
Indoda ebukekayo - izimbuzi ayithandi ukuba yodwa. Kungcono kakhulu ukuba seqenjini labantu abangu-10-20. Izimpiko zale nyoni zithuthukisiwe impela, azilahlekanga injongo yazo eqondile, ngoba, ngokwesibonelo, eenciniba, nokho, i-goatin ayikuthandi ukundiza.
Ngisho indiza yamamitha angama-50 isivele inzima kuye. Konke akudingayo kwempilo kutholakala emagatsheni ezihlahla, ngakho-ke i-goatin ayizikhathazi ngezindiza kakhulu. Cishe sonke isikhathi sakhe usesesihlahleni, uhamba namagatsha.
Futhi wavumelanisa amaphiko akhe ukuze azisize ngenkathi ehamba. E-goatin, ngisho nomunwe wangemuva mikhulu ngokwanele ukubambelela kumagatsha ngokulula. Lezi zinyoni zilala emiqhele yemithi, futhi lapho ziphapheme, "zingakwazi ukuqhuba ingxoxo" nezihlobo, zibizane ngokukhamuluka okukhulu kakhulu.
Njengoba le nyoni inokubukeka okuhle nje, kunabantu abafuna ngokuqinisekile babe "nenganekwane" enjalo ekhaya labo. Kuyodingeka benze izimo zibe ziseduze kakhulu nendawo yokuhlala yemvelo yezimbuzi.
Futhi, uma kungekho bunzima ngokudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukunikeza umswakama kanye nokushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umnikazi wesikhathi esizayo kufanele abheke ukuthi igumbi okuzokwakhelwa kulo le ndoda enhle ngeke linuke njengamaruva.
Ukubukeka
Ihluka kakhulu kunenkukhu, lapho kwakungulelwa ekuqaleni, yi-emball scallop yomunwe kanye nomunwe omkhulu ongemuva kakhulu.
Ubude bomzimba cishe ngamasentimitha angama-60. Amaplamu ohlangothini olungaphezulu lomzimba anombala onsundu (omnqumo), onobala obumnyama (omhlophe). Ingaphansi lomzimba limhlophe, isisu sikhanyi (ubomvu). Ekhanda nasemuva kwekhanda, kuqhamuke izimpaphe ezingcolile, ezicijile ezinemikhawulo ephuzi ekhanyayo. Izimpaphe zentamo nazo ziyaxutshwa, zincane futhi zikhomba. Umsila omude we-10 uyindilinga. Ushizi awunalutho, ubomvu.
Indlela yokuphila
Kugcinwa emathunjini omfula agcwele amanzi agudla osebeni lomfula. Cishe ayindiza, isikhathi esiningi ihlala ezihlahleni futhi kuyaqabukela yehlele emhlabathini.
Ukudla okuyimifino: kudla amaqabunga nezithelo, ezigaywe ukuvutshelwa, njengama-ruminants, kepha hhayi emgudwini, kepha kukhulu (izikhathi eziphindwe izikhathi eziyi-7.5 kunenyoni uqobo). Kusukela kulokhu, i-goacin inephunga elimnandi ngokungajwayelekile.
Ukuzala
Ukuzalelwa emakholoni amancane kusukela ngoDisemba kuya kuJulayi. Cishe zigoqiwe kusuka ezidlekeni ze-brashi zibekwa ezihlahleni eziphansi nasezihlahleni.
E-clutch kukhona amaqanda ama-2-5. Emazaneni amancanyana, kuvelana izinzwani zokuqala nakuyesibili zephiko, ezizisiza ukuba zihambisane namagatsha, kuthi ezimbuzini ezindala, izichizi ziyanyamalala. Imichilo ifakwa ingxube yamahlamvu angenasigamu.
Umnotho
Isikhathi eside, i-goatin yanikezwa imiyalo yenkukhu-(kumalungelo omndeni we-Opisthocomidae noma isizinda se-Opisthocomi) noma ama-oda we-crane ngenxa yokufana kwawo namacilongo. Kamuva, i-goacin yahlukaniswa njenge-cuckoo. Muva nje, i-taxonomy iye yaqokwa njenge-oda ezimele yezezimali (Opisthocomiformes).
Izinyoni zedolobha
Ngiyakuthanda ukubuka izinyoni. Ngisho namajuba namajuba ajwayelekile sinobuhle nomusa wethu. Izithombe eziqoqwe zezinyanga zakamuva. Abanye bebevele bekhona, kepha ngizozibeka engcupheni yokuphinde ngilale.
Indoda enhle kangaka yangqongqoza efasiteleni lami ekuseni kakhulu.
Angibonanga nokuthi igwababa linama-“dragon” anjalo.
Idada elisuka echibini ledolobha.
Izimbumbulu ezimbalwa zezinhlamvu eziphuzi.
Kestrel. Manje usephinda amemeze ngaphandle kwefasitela, kepha kunzima kakhulu ukumbamba ngelensi.
Ah, nopholi oluhlaza.
Kufa amakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye ezimkhunjini esemkhunjini eSakhalin
Amakhulu ezigxoba ngoMsombuluko ebusuku afike eVitus Bering, esondele ethekwini laseKholmsk eningizimu yeSakhalin. Izinyoni zigcwalise yonke indawo emafulethini futhi zaqala ukufa lapho zilayisha futhi zilayisha izinto, umqondisi weGreen Sakhalin Fund u-Alexander Ivanov utshele i-TASS.
Amatilosi atwebula izithombe ezazenzeka emkhunjini ocingweni lwamakhamera. Amavidiyo asabalale kwi-Intanethi. Ividiyo ithwebula amakhulu ezinyoni. Amalungu e-Crew kufanele acindezele lezi zingulube ngezinyawo zazo ukuze zizungeze emphemeni.
"Amakhulu ezinyoni agcwele umkhumbi. Kuyiqiniso. Ngiye ethekwini, manje sesizama ukungena kulo, siqoqa amaphepha," kusho umthombo. Uveza ukuthi izikelenge zakhangwa ukukhanya kulo mkhumbi. Bathuthelekela kuvuthondaba, bahlala etafuleni futhi babanjiswa, ngoba abakwazi ukuphuma emhlabeni ngenxa yesakhiwo esikhethekile samaphiko.
Naphezu kwesibalo esikhulu sezinyoni ezibavimbela ekuzungezeni umkhumbi, amatilosi anqume ukuqala ukulayisha nokulayisha. Ngenxa yalokho, inani elikhulu lezinyoni lachotshozwa. "Ungasindisa izinyoni uma kwethulwa wonke umuntu. Ngiyakholelwa ekutheni lokhu bekufanele ngabe kwenziwa ngabasebenza ngokwabo ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa komkhumbi," kuphawula u-Ivanov.
Izibungu zihlala ngasogwini lolwandle. Ngenxa yesakhiwo esikhethekile somzimba namaphiko, lezi zinyoni zingakwazi ukundizela ngokukhululekile, zindize phezu kolwandle futhi eceleni kwaso. Kodwa-ke, ngesizathu esifanayo, kunzima ngabo ukuhamba ngezwe. Ama-Thunderbirds angaphuma kuphela emanzini ngesivunguvungu noma emagqumeni, ngokwesibonelo, emadwaleni. Imvamisa ngo-Ephreli azikho izidakamizwa ezigudle ugu lweSakhalin.
I-Pischa
IPisukha iyinyoni encane kusukela ku-oda kaPasseriformes, omele
mfokaPhumukh. Engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba, iplamu lixubekile, umsila ubomvu, nesisu simpunga ngombala omhlophe. Izimpaphe zomsila omude futhi zilukhuni ziyamsiza ukuba aqhubeke eqondile phezu kwesiqu sesihlahla. Uqhwaku mude, futhi lugobile. Ukudla kufakiwe esigabeni sezinyoni ezivamile emahlathini ethu, kodwa akuwona wonke amabanga abamba iso.
I-Pika iyinyoni ebukeka kabi. Ngenxa yombala weplamu, yena uqobo
ihlangana negxolo lezihlahla zehlathi. Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obuncane, le nyoni kufanele idle kusukela ekuseni kuze kube kusihlwa, ngakho-ke ihlala ihambahamba futhi ifuna ukudla.
Indlela yokuhamba esiqwini sepika isikhumbuza kakhulu ukubamba okuthile. Kepha munye
umehluko obalulekile - isebenza kuphela kusukela ezansi kuya phezulu. Ukufika
omunye umuthi wokudla, lesi sidalwa esinemibala siyakubamba
womhlaba uqobo futhi uqala uhambo lwawo olusheshayo lubheke phezulu. Futhi ngakho ngaphandle kokuma. Kepha akathandi ikakhulukazi ukundiza.
Isikhathi sokuqala ngibone i-pika kwaba ngo-December 28, 2018. Yebo, yebo, leyo yindlela engikhumbula ngayo lo mhlangano kuze kube manje, ngoba isithombe sakhe sokuqala sifakiwe emgomweni wami othinta uqobo we- "isithombe-zebest" wale nyoni. Ngokusobala, nami bengimthanda, ngakho-ke kusukela ngaleso sikhathi i-pika yahlangana njalo emehlweni ami. Kuyahlekisa, kepha imvamisa le nyoni iyakwazi ukubona ngokunembile ngombono we-peripheral. Ngoba, ngenxa yobungcweti bokufihliza, uyakubona ngokwengeziwe ukunyakaza, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ekhoneni lamehlo.
Futhi, isigamu sezithombe asihambanga kahle ngesikhathi sokulayishwa
Green cissa
IGreen cissa noma i-azure Chinese magpie (i-Cissa chinensis) ihlala ezansi kwethafa leHimalaya ngasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeNdiya, naseThailand, iMalaysia, eziqhingini zaseSumatra naseBorneo.
Ama-cisses ayizinyoni ezinhle kakhulu kuwo wonke umndeni wama-corvidae, futhi i-cissa eluhlaza eluhlaza nayo ingumnikazi womsila omude kakhulu phakathi kwawo wonke ama-cissuse.
Ama-cissuses aluhlaza adla izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, izinyoka nezinyoka, amasele, izinambuzane, ama-invertebrates, izinyoni namaqanda ezinyoni, aqola i-carrion.
Izimpisi kanye nokuqoqwa kwemidwebo nokubonwa
Kwenzeka ukuthi izinto ezinhle kakhulu zifike emqondweni wabantu ababili ngasikhathi sinye. Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu? Kungani? Akunampendulo. Kepha ngenxa yomsebenzi onjalo wobuchopho, abalobi baseMelika nabaseNtaliyane bahlongoza ukuthi kube nokusebenzisana kanjani “inyamazane inyamazane”. Abazange baphikisane futhi baqalekise lowo onobuhlakani obukhulu kubo, ubuchopho bemicabango yabo bunamagama abo bobabili: i-Lotka - i-Volterra equation.
Hhayi, kukhona abahlukumezayo, kunjalo, kukhona izisulu. Kungani kukhona into enjalo? Ngaphandle kokuthi, yiqiniso, laba bangamabhonya aqhamuka ochungechungeni lwamafilimu enegama elifanayo. Cabanga ngakho. Kubonakala sengathi kusobala ukuthi inyamazane idla izisulu, ngoba ziyizisulu. Kodwa-ke, izehlakalo ezifana nalezi ezivele zivele zingahle zichazwe ngokwezibalo.
Cabanga ngenketho elula kunazo zonke. Esikhundleni sendlovukazi kuzoba nezimpisi, esikhundleni somuntu ohlaselwayo. I-hares ibambe izitshalo. Zonke izilwane zihlala endaweni enomkhawulo, kepha utshani bunesikhathi sokukhula, ukuze abangaboni bangahlali ebuphofini. Manje susa esikrinini abesifazane, izingane kanye nenhliziyo edangele. Siqala ngeqiniso lokuthi inani lama hares lisho inani lezimpisi 3: 1. Isistimu ihlala, amahlosi agxuma, futhi impisi idla imilenze yayo. Bobabili abantu bayakhula futhi bajabulele impilo yabo ye-hypothetical. Ngemuva kwalokho isibalo sabazingeli sifinyelela inani elithile, bona, njenganoma yisiphi isidalwa, okuphakelayo, inani lama hares liyancipha. Into ekhona ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwemali sekuya kuba kukhulu kangangokuba inani labantu alinaso isikhathi sokululama. By the way, akuwona wonke amandla aya kwizilwane ezidla lodwa kusuka kumhlanga, kepha yi-10% kuphela, ngakho-ke impisi eyodwa idla amahheya amaningana. Njengoba ukudla kuba yindlala, kunengqondo ukuthi abahlaseli baqale ukufa. Lokhu kuyaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho isibalo sezisulu singafinyelela izinga elakhula ngaso inani labantu. Kuze kube manje, izisulu ziyagcwala. Kepha-ke zombili izimpisi nama hares ziya ekukhuleni. Futhi abantu bayanda futhi, ilanga liyakhanya, impilo yinhle. Bese kuthi-ke kunezimpisi eziningi, zidla amahhashi, kukhona okumbalwa kwe hares, izimpisi nazo ziyafa. Usuvele ukubonile lokhu kwenye indawo? Ngizokutshela ukuthi kuphi: imigqa embalwa emuva. Hhayi ukuthi lolu usuku lwe-groundhog, luvele lukhula ngokuzungeza.
Futhi lokhu kuhlobene kanjani nekhompyutha? Uhlelo lapho idatha ye-Lotka-Volterra equation iqhutshwa khona ingakha amagrafu athi, eqinisweni, azodlulisa ukulandisa kwami. Ungabona igrafu yomsebenzi, isithombe sesigaba, okuyigagasi elivalekile elizungeze iphuzu lokuma, nendawo yesigaba - umfanekiso wesigaba esifanayo, yi-3D kuphela (bheka amagrafu 1)
Ngokungezelela ohlelweni oluhle kangako, ukuhlelwa kungenziwa. Isibonelo, ungangeza into yokuncintisana ngaphakathi kokubuka okufanayo. Wake wayithatha ikhukhi lokugcina ephaketheni? Futhi izimpisi zingaluma omunye nomunye. Futhi ama hares angasebenzisa inzalo yawo. Impilo leyo. Kepha isithombe siphuma sithakazelisa ngokwengeziwe. Kwigrafu, imisebenzi yokushintshashintsha ayifani, amplitude yazo iyancipha iye inani elithile njengoba inani labazingeli nabaphangi lincipha, ngoba umncintiswano we-intraspecific ungezelela inani lezinhlobo ngayinye kuze kufike inani lezinhlobo zombili lifinyelela inani elithile, lapho izilwane zingasakazeka kuyo yonke insimu ukuze umncintiswano we-intraspecific ungaziqedi kangako. Esibonelweni sesigaba, lokhu ngeke kubukeke njengejika elivalekile, kepha njengalokho esikubonayo, ukudonsa amanzi, yonke into izothambekela kule ndawo yokumisa, iphuzu lokulingana nokuthula. (bona amagrafu 2)
Uma ukuqala kohlelo lwethu lwe-hypothetical bekuyiphuzu nje lokumiswa, khona-ke konke bekuzoba ngenye indlela ezungeze: abantu bebengakhula. Kugrafu, imisebenzi ye-amplitude yayizonyuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi esigabeni esidwetshiwe umugqa oqondile wawungeke ungene esikhungweni, kepha ugxume kuwo, ukhombisa ukukhula kwenani labantu. (bheka amagrafu 3)
Kukhona ezinye amamodeli ezinganqunyelwe ukuguquka. Unjalo umfuziselo weHolling-Tanner. Uma besithatha isimo esihlukile sezisulu kubahlaseli, ngokwesibonelo, uma behlukaniswe ngokulinganayo, uhlelo-ke luzofuna ukubuyela esimeni esizinzile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amahhovisi maqondana nezimpisi ayezoba yi-3: 1. Ukube besinamahhala amabili nezimpisi ezimbili, khona-ke kusobala ukuthi umhlaseli oyedwa wayengeke abe nezisulu ezanele. Kepha ama hares azala masinyane. Phezu kokuthi kudliwe, abantu bebesazothola isikhathi sokukhula. Futhi-ke uhlelo luzofika kulokho oluchazwe ekuqaleni. Igrafu, sibona ukukhuphuka kokuphakama, bese kuthi, nezikhathi ezifanayo. Futhi ekubonisweni kwesigaba, amamodeli anjalo anomjikelezo onqunyelwe. Umugqa ubuzogeleza usuka ephuzwini 2.2 uye kulo mjikelezo onqunyelwe. Umugqa oqondile ovela endaweni yokuma yesi-3: 1 ubuzophambukiswa kumjikelezo. (bona amagrafu 4)
Uma sicabanga ukuthi amapharamitha ku-equation akuzona izakhi, kepha ama-coefficients ancike enanini lezisulu, khona-ke isithombe sizohluka. Sithatha amapharamitha amabili ancike kakhulu komunye nomunye. Akube-ngukugcotshwa kwesisulu kanye nezinga laso lokuzalela. Uma i-satellite iphezulu, khona-ke onogwaja badinga okuncane. Njengoba kunobudlelwano obuphazamisekile phakathi kwemingcele, inzalo yezimpisi iyahamba kancane. Womabili la maphelo ayobe anciphise kancane kancane ukuzinza ezingeni elithile le-non-zero. Igrafu, i-amplitude izoncipha, ekugcineni kuzoba cishe umugqa oqondile. Ukuvezwa kwesigaba kubonisa into efanayo: umugqa uzoncipha ufinyelela endaweni ethile engalungele zero. (bona amagrafu 5)
Ngakho-ke, uma ubheka amagrafu, "ungawufunda" wonke umlando wabantu. Lokhu kuyajabulisa kakhulu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi amamodeli angasetshenziswa hhayi kuphela maqondana nezilwane, kepha futhi nezomnotho, ezepolitiki, ibhizinisi. Ungahlela ngisho nokubikela inhlanhla kumagrafu ngokuya nge-Lotka-Volterra equation. Hhayi-ke, yini enye indlela engenziwa njengezindawo zekhofi? Kwethembeke kakhulu.
Umsoco
U-Goatsin udla amaqabunga, izithelo kanye efihlekile zezitshalo. Kodwa-ke, amaqabunga ezitshalo ezingama-halaid akhule kakhulu ukuba angakwazi ukugaya. Kepha le nyoni ine "gastric mechanism" eyingqayizivele, okungekho omunye ummeleli wezinyoni ongazigqaja ngayo.
I-Goacin inesisu esincane kakhulu, kepha i-goiter inkulu ngokungenakuvinjwa futhi ithuthukisiwe, iphindwe izikhathi ezingama-50 kunesisu uqobo. Lo gogo uhlukaniswe izigaba eziningana, njengesisu senkomo. Kulapha lapho yonke inqwaba eluhlaza edliwayo ifafazwa, yomiswa.
Inqubo yokugaya isizwa ngamagciwane akhethekile atholakala esiswini. Kodwa-ke, le nqubo ayishethi, ihlala amahora ambalwa. I-Goiter ngalesi sikhathi ikhula kakhulu kangangokuba aze adlule ngisho nenyoni.
Yilapho kutholakala khona i-airbag, ebekwe esifubeni se-goatin. Ngosizo lwayo, inyoni ihlala egatsheni, iphumule esifubeni sayo. Kepha kuphela inqubo yokugaya eseqediwe, i-goiter ithatha usayizi wayo, njengoba i-goatin iphinda iqonde endleleni yesihlahla ukuze izondle ngokudla.
Ukubukeka nemikhuba
Bakhetha ukudla izithelo namaqabunga, futhi lokhu kufana nokugcwala, kepha, bezwa ingozi, abakwaGoatsin baphonseka ngokushesha emanzini, njenge-waterfowl.
Ngamantshontsho amancanyana, amalongwe abonakala emaphikweni, azisiza ukuba zihambe phakathi kwezihlahla, kepha ngokuhamba kweminyaka, lezi zipele ziyanyamalala.
Uma kucatshangelwa konke lokhu, akumangazi ukuthi ngekhulu le-19, amaGoatsins awazange anikezwe ngisho nesigaba sezinyoni, kodwa athathwa njengokuthile okukhona phakathi kwenyoni nesilwane esihuquzelayo.
Kamuva baqala ukuhlukaniswa njengenkukhu, kepha-ke izazi zezilwane zakuqaphela lokhu kuhlukaniswa njengephutha, futhi kwabikwa ukuthi amaGoatsins aya nge-oda le-cuckoo.
I-Nesting nenzalo
Lezi zidalwa ezimangalisayo zihlala emaqenjini, zihlala zisezindaweni ezigcina amanzi. Ukuhlala okunjalo okukhulu kukuvumela ukuthi unikeze ukuphikisana okuhle nesitha, ngoba izinyoni zivikela ngesibindi zonke izihlobo zazo, hhayi nje zona kanye nenzalo.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi imvelo inikeze amaphuphu iGoatsin amandla okuzivikela. Uma kwenzeka ingozi, ingagxuma isidlekeni futhi ingene echibini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingane zingahlala ngaphansi kwamanzi kangangokuba ukubhukuda amamitha ambalwa, futhi zicashe emehlweni esitha. Lapho ingozi isidlulile, amaphuphu akhuphukela esidlekeni, azisize ngezihlakala nangomlomo.
Ama-Goacin abhekwa njengenye yezinyoni ezinhle kakhulu emhlabeni.
Indawo yeqembu lezinyoni ifinyelela endaweni engamamitha angama-40 ukusuka esidlekeni. Noma imaphi amaGoatsins ahlala ngaphandle kwale mingcele azothathwa njengabangaphandle kweqembu lonke.
Amachwane ezinkukhu
Uma sikhumbula ukuthi amantombazane akhula ngokushesha kangakanani emvelweni futhi ashiye isidleke sawo, inqubo yokukhula kwamaGoatsins ingahle ibonakale sengathi iyavela.
Kuwo wonke unyaka wokuqala wokuphila, izinsana zivikelwa ngabazali bazo nomakhelwane. Ngonyaka wesibili, inzalo idlala indima emangalisayo embusweni wezilwane - zisiza abazali bazo ukuqandusela amaqanda, kuthi lapho “iphupho” nje elineminyaka emithathu lithola umlingani futhi liphume esidlekeni.
Izitha nengozi
Kepha impilo yama-Goatsins ayiyona neze into engakhathazi njengoba ingabonakala ekuqaleni. Omakhelwane babo abaseduze nezitha zabo yizinkawu ezingama-capuchin ezingaphuthelwa ithuba lokujabulela amaqanda awo. UGoatsin uvikela izidleke zabo ngokucophelela, kodwa, ngeshwa, abahlali bekwazi ukusindisa inzalo esizayo.
Lapho izinkawu zizama ukuhlasela amantshontsho, lezi zingene zingene emanzini zilinde ingozi. Uma unenhlanhla, ama-piranhas noma ama-caimans ngeke azibone, futhi kungekudala izingane zizobuyela esidlekeni sazo.
I-Goacins inepula elihle, elibonakala kude.
Inhlanhla enkulu yamaGoatsins ukuthi awameleli noma yiliphi inani labathengi kubantu. Ngenxa yokunambitheka okungathandeki nephunga lenyama, zabizwa ngokuthi "izinyoni ezinuka kamnandi." Empeleni, ngakho-ke, akunangqondo ukuthi owesilisa ahlele ukuzingela, futhi angenelele ekwakhiweni kwezinhlobo zezilwane.
Ososayensi namanje abayeki ukuphikisana ngobulungu bama Goacins esigabeni sezinyoni. Abaningi bathi ifana kakhulu ne-prehistoric archaeopteryxes, futhi basikisela ukudala ukuhlukaniswa okuhlukile: "goatinobraznye".
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