Igama lesi Latin: | Pernis apivorus |
Isigcawu: | Ama-Falconiformes |
Umndeni: | Hawk |
Ongakukhetha: | Incazelo yezinhlobo zaseYurophu |
Ukubukeka nokuziphatha. Isisulu siphakathi ngosayizi, sikhulu ngokusobala kunokhuba, ngokuqhathaniswa ne-buzzard, ukhozi oluncane kanye ne-goshawk. Ubude bomzimba 52-60 cm, isisindo 500-1000 g, amaphiko ama-cm 130-150 cm. Owesilisa nowesifazane bahluke ngosayizi omncane. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinyamazane ezinobukhulu obufanayo nokwakha, ikhanda la mabhungane libukeka lincane futhi lincane, futhi uqhwaku lwalo luphakeme futhi alibuthakathaka. Amakhala awafakwanga. Kubantu abadala, i-wax ngwephuzi-luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, uthingo luphuzi ngokugqamile, kuyaqabukela i-orange-yellow. Ingalo eseluliwe kanye neminwe iphuzi, imfushane kancane, izipikili zimfushane, zimfushane, ziguqiwe kancane. Izimpiko nomsila zibanzi futhi zinde ngobukhulu bomzimba.
Incazelo. Umbala weplamu uhluka kakhulu. Imvamisa ingaphezulu liluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka elinamabala amnyama afiphele, phansi kukhanya ngezigqoko ezilinganayo ezinemibala eqondile, eyehlayo noma eyehlayo. Kwabesifazane, leli phethini elimnyama livame ukuba likhudlwana; imichilo ingacishe ihlangane nebhulashi elibomvu noma elinsundu elihlikihla isizinda esikhanyayo. Emadodeni, uhlangothi olungezansi lomzimba lubukeka lukhanya ngokulingana ngenxa yemoto ezingajwayelekile, umuntu ngamunye umhlophe ngokuphelele, “umgexo” omncane nje esifubeni. Abantu ababomvu obumnyama kanye nobumnyama (ikakhulukazi abesilisa) bayatholakala ngezikhathi ezithile. Ingaphezulu nezinhlangothi zekhanda zihlala zihlala zi-monophonic, zivame ukuba ngompunga, ikakhulukazi kwabesilisa, ngesimo se- “hood”, esinqunyelwe entanjeni emhlophe noma yomphimbo.
Le nyoni ingafaka amapayipi amade ngemuva kwekhanda ngesimo se-crest encane. Ingxenye yonke yekhanda imbozwe ngepayipi eliminyene, elivimbela lo minyovu ukuthi ungaboli. Amehlo akhanyayo kanye nokubukeka "okungenamsoco" kodli lwezinyosi kukhunjulwa kahle ngoba kubukeka kungajwayelekile ngesilwane esidla ubhedu ngenxa yokushoda kwamagobongo wamehlo kanye ne-frenum enemibala egcwele. Kwinyoni endizayo, umugqa omnyama ocacile ohlangothini lwangemuva, imivimbo emnyama engu-2-3 enqamula izimpaphe zezimpaphe, kanye "nomucu" omncane ezimpaphe ezingaphezulu zokumboza zephiko ziyavela lapha ngezansi. Izimpiko zinombala onsundu ngenhla, ngemivimbo ebabayo; kwezinye izintokazi, ngaphambili kwesisekelo sehlombe, kukhiqizwa ibala elincane elimhlophe.
Ikhuphuka kakhulu. Imvamisa isebenzisa ukundiza nokuntweza ngokweqile endaweni ephansi, igcina amaphiko egobile futhi umsila usongelwe. Le ndlela i-goshawk ivama ukundiza ngayo, kepha ibhungane lihlukile kuyo ngokuthi “islayidi”, isivinini esingaphansi nesindiza esingaqondakali kalula, ukuswela ishiya elikhanyayo, umbala ongalingani wamaphiko nomzimba ophansi. Lapho ubheka inyoni endizayo ivela ohlangothini, kubonakala ikhanda elincanyana elincane, lapho ibhungane lilibamba liqonde khona, hhayi ngomlomo lolohliswa, njengabazingeli abaningi. Ngokungafani ne-buzzard, inyosi edla izindwani igcina amaphiko endizeni efanayo neyomzimba (i-buzzard iphakamisa kancane), ineminwe “ebonakalayo” ebonakalayo engcono kakhulu yezimpaphe zokuqala. Amasimu amnyama emaphethelweni “weminwe” aconjululwe ngokucacile futhi awahlanganisi ndawonye. Amaphiko ngokwawo abukeka emide futhi emincane kunalawo e-buzzard, umphetho wawo wangemuva awunawo ama-convex, imidwebo ye-carpal ivezwa kangcono. Umsila futhi mude kunalowo we-buzzard, unqenqema lomsila ongafakwanga ngokuphelele luyindilinga.
Uhluke ngokhozi oluncane, lapho ibhungane libukeka njenge-silhouette, elineminwe “ebunjiwe” namabala amhlophe ezansi kwamahlombe, ngomsila oyindilinga, hhayi umsila oqondile, nobukhona bemivimbo ejwayelekile emsileni nasemaphikweni. Umbala kanye nesilika lebhungane elikhanya kakhulu lingadideka nangokudliwa yinyoka, kepha elokugcina likhulu kakhulu, linamakhanda amakhulu, ngaphandle kwamabala amnyama emikhondweni yamaphiko. Izindawo ezinkulu ezimnyama emphethweni we-carpal engezansi namaqhubu amnyama amathathu ngemuva kwempunga noma emsundu emsileni - okubanzi okucacile futhi okubili okuncanyana, eduze kwesisekelo (eyodwa kufihlwe ingxenye yezimpaphe zomsila kanye naphansi) kusiza ekunqumeni izinyoni ezindizayo.
Kunzima ukuhlukanisa amabhungane amancane namanye amarhamaru ngisho nasendaweni esondele kakhulu, ngoba ayinazo izimpawu eziningi zokuxilonga zezinyoni ezindala. Uthingo lwazo lubuthuntu, lisuka kumdaka omnyama lize liphuzi ngompunga, ibhuloho, njengakwezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama, limbozwe ngotshani obunesiwombe lapho isikhumba sivele ngalo, i-wax iphuzi. Njengabantu abadala, imibala ejwayelekile yezinyoni ezincane iyahlukahluka ukusuka ekukhanyeni kuya ku-brown. Ama-Speckles angaphansi komzimba angama-longitudinal (uma ekhona), “i-hood” engenacala ayakhiwa. Ezinyoni ezi-morph ezikhanyayo, ikhanda nentamo kuphawuleka kalula kunangemuva elinsundu, imvamisa inesigaqa esimnyama kusuka esweni kuya endlebeni, kukhona amabala amhlophe ngemuva nangezimpaphe ezimboze izimpiko, kuthi emuva engezansi kunendawo enhle ekhanyayo, enjengokhozi olumnyama, kwesinye isikhathi iphikelela izinyoni ezindala.
Isinyosi esidla inyama yezinyosi sinamabhande amaningi emaphikweni kunabadala, kodwa asichazeki kangako, isizinda sezimpaphe zesibili simnyama ngokwedlule kunasemuva kwabokuqala, njengezinyanga ezincane ezikhanyayo. Imigqa emnyama eceleni komngcele ongaphambi kwephiko ayishisi noma ayikho, izinkambu ezimnyama “zeminwe” zibanzi futhi zihlangane ndawonye, njenge-buzzard, kepha azihlukaniswa ngokucacile ngensimu ekhanyayo yengxenye ephambili yephiko. Imichilo eshintshayo emsileni ayisi-3, kepha ama-4 noma ngaphezulu, njengamaphisi, ayimincane futhi ayimangali kangako. Vala ubone ukuthi iziqongo zezimpaphe zeflaya nezomsila zinomngcele omncane wokukhanya.
Izwi. Unesihawu, uhlanzekile, uyishaye ikhwelo elincane ethuthumela "piiu. at", Hhayi" ukubhula ", njenge-buzzard.
Ukusatshalaliswa, isimo. Ukuzalela ePalaearctic kusuka eNtshonalanga Yurophu kuya eYenisei Siberia, Altai, Elburs. Ubusika ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Afrika. Esifundeni sasehlathini laseRussia, lokhu kuyinhlobo encane noma evamile, engatholakali kuyi-taiga yasenyakatho, etholakala ezindaweni ezivulekile ngokuphelele kuphela endizeni. Izimpukane ngo-Agasti noma ngoSepthemba, eningizimu yesifunda zingakha amaqembu athuthekayo angamakhulu abantu.
Indlela yokuphila. Incamela ama-sparse ama-wide-leaved and axutshwe ama-glade, izihlambi zezikhukhula zehlathi, izindawo zokuhlala zamahloni ezinobuhlalu. Kuvela ebusika ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlamvu. Ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sokuzalela, owesilisa wenza izindiza ezivuthayo zihamba ngezinyawo ziphezulu endaweni ephakemeyo yomgodi ohambisana nokuhamba kwamaphiko emhlane wakhe. Imibhangqwana ayinazo izindawo zokuhlala ezidlekayo ezingapheli, yakha isidleke esisha esiphakathi njalo ngonyaka, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ihlale eyomunye umuntu. Qinisekisa ukufaka amagatsha amasha ngamahlamvu aluhlaza ebhilidini. Imvamisa isidleke sifihlwe umqhele endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi 8-15. Esidlekeni, ziziphatha ngasese. Ku-clutch 2, kuyaqabukela amaqanda ayi-3 kokhilimu anamabala ansundu kanye nama-buffy. Zombili lezi zinyoni zigxila, zishintsha njalo. Isambatho sokuqala esinciphile samachwane simhlophe, okwesibili ngwevu.
Isisekelo sokudla siqukethe izibungu nezinhlwathi zasendle, izinyosi nezimbungulu, izidleke zazo izinyoni ezilandela izindlela zokundiza kwezinambuzane ezindala, ezingahlala kuzo amahora amaningi, zicashe endaweni yokukhosela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, badla ama-invertebrates ahlukahlukene nama-vertebrates amancane, amajikijolo.
Ibhungane, evamile, noma i-European, bhungane (Pernis apivorus)
Ukuchazwa kwenyoni
Inyoni yenyosiungowomndeni we-hawk futhi ungumhlaseli wesikhathi sasemini. Inezindawo ezintathu ezingaphansi, ezimbili zazo zivame ukutholakala emahlathini ezwe lethu. Kuyinto ibhungane elijwayelekile futhi ibhungane elahliwe. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngokuphila kwale nyoni, uhlobo lwayo kanye nesikhathi sokuphila kwayo, bheka i-athikili yethu.
YINI UKUDLA
Ingxenye eyinhloko yokudla kwamabhungane oju iqukethe izibungu, i-pupae, kanye ne-hymenoptera yabantu abadala: izinyosi, iminyovu, amabhungane kanye nama-hornets. Kwesinye isikhathi amabhungane adla ezinye izinambuzane, ezinjengezibungu nezicabucabu. Imvamisa lezi zinyoni zibamba amasele, izinduku namachwane ezinye izinyoni. IBhungane ngeke ligweme izithelo zasendle namajikijolo.
Lezi zinyoni zivame ukudla emhlabathini noma zihlale egatsheni futhi zibheke lapho imichilo nezinyosi zivela khona. Lapho selitholile ukungena esidlekeni esingaphansi komhlaba, lo mabhungane ehlela emhlabathini ukuze akhiphe izibungu esebenzisa izigaxa zalo noqhomo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli bhungane liphinde libambe izinambuzane ezingacasukanga ezindiza eduze kwalo.
Ngaphambi kokuba kudliwe yisinambuzane esidala, inyoni ikhipha udosi kuyo. Ubhungane lubhubhisa nezidleke ezilenga emagatsheni noma ezihlahleni zezihlahla. Usuthisa amachwane akhe ngezibungu zezinambuzane zaseHymenoptera - lo ngumthombo ocebile kakhulu wamaprotheni. Ngaphansi kwesidleke sebhungane elivamile ungabona izinyosi eziningi zezinyosi ezingenalutho.
Incazelo yebhungane
Le nyoni enjengebhungane inobukhulu obukhulu kunalo, umsila omuhle omude onemivimbo emnyama, amaphiko amancanyana. Indawo ezungeze amehlo nengxenye yangaphambili yezimpaphe ifakwe izimpaphe ezinzima, ezimfishane; ngokubukeka kwazo zibukeka njengezikali. Benza umsebenzi wokuzivikela lapho inyoni iphula izidleke zophondo. Lapho ibhungane lithela, amaphiko afinyelela imitha.
Le nyoni endala inombala ongemuva onsundu. Isisu sishintsha ukusuka kumbala onsundu siye kumbala okhanyayo, lapho kunephethini emnyama onsundu edlulayo noma kungenzeka kube nemifudlana emide. Izimpiko zinombala omuhle kakhulu, zimthethele ngezansi, namabala amnyama emathanjeni. Ezimpaphe zomsila womsila kukhona imichilo emithathu ebanzi eshintshashintshayo, emibili itholakala eduze kwesisekelo, enye ekugcineni.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nosayizi womzimba, ikhanda lincane. Emadodeni inombala okhanyayo noqhwaku olumnyama. Amehlo ane-iris ephuzi noma yegolide.
Amapayipi we-hawk aqinile. Kunezihlakala ezimnyama ezintangeni, zibukhali kepha zigobile kancane. Ngenxa yalokhu, ibhungane lihamba kahle emhlabathini. Lokhu kubalulekile kuye, ngoba iningi lokuzingela kwakhe nokuphangwa akubanjwanga phansi. Le nyoni indiza iphansi, yenza konke ukunyakaza kalula futhi ngendlela.
I-Nutrition Beetle
Ngenxa yokuthi amabhungane wasp adla emhlabathini, achitha cishe isikhathi asikho emoyeni. Bahlala esihlahleni isikhathi eside babheke indawo lapho izinambuzane zindizela khona. Ngemuva kokubhekwa isikhathi eside, le nyoni ibona isidleke, yehlela emhlabathini, futhi ngosizo lwezikhafu nangomlomo iqala ukwephula isidleke. Ngale ndlela, ibhungane likhipha izibungu.
Kukhona izidleke ezakhiwa yizinambuzane ezihlahleni nasemagatsheni, kepha lokhu akusona isithiyo somhlaseli, uyazithola futhi azishaye. Kumele ngithi inyamazane idla izinambuzane ezingandiza eduze kwayo. Ngaphambi kokuba kudliwe yisinambuzane, ibhungane liyakukhipha ukudonsa kuso.
Iqiniso! Isidlwengu sondla amantshontsho aso ngezinambuzane zesinambuzane, sineprotheni eningi, elungele izingane.
Ngosuku olulodwa, inyoni endala ibhubhisa izidleke ezinhlanu. Lokhu kuyadingeka ekulweni kwayo ngokugcwele. Inkukhu idinga ukudla cishe izibungu eziyinkulungwane.
Izici zokusatshalaliswa kwa-beetle uju
Ungahlangana nomhlaseli ebunkulini beYurophu naseNtshonalanga Asia. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, ibhungane liya ngendiza libheke eningizimu nasenkabeni ye-Afrika, lapho lifudumele khona futhi kunokudla okuningi. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, bahlala e-Italy, futhi eduzane neStrait of Messina.
IBeetle ithanda ukuhlala ehlathini lezinkuni ezilukhuni nophayini. Ihlala emahlathini amadala we-eucalyptus, ahlangana nemisinga. Ungahlangana emaphethelweni ehlathi - okokuqala, ngokunembile lapho kungekho mkhondo wemisebenzi yabantu. Isisulu sithanda izindawo ngesembozo esinotshani esibuthakathaka. Uma iwela ezintabeni, ingasusa kumamitha ayi-1800.
Izinhlobo zamabhungane
Inyoni eyidla inyamazane ayikwazi ukuthi ibhungane elijwayelekile nje kuphela, kodwa futhi futhi ibe uhlobo lwebhungane elisenkingeni noma elisempumalanga.
Ibhungane elikhonjwe likhulu ngosayizi kunokubhungana okuvamile. Ubude bomzimba bungafinyelela ku-59-66 cm futhi lube nesisindo esingu-0.7-1.5 kg. Endizeni, amaphiko afinyelela ku-cm angama-170. Ekuphakameni kwebhungane elisempumalanga, izimpaphe ezinde zifana ne-crst ebukhali, yingakho igama lolo olunezinwele.
Umbala wangemuva umdaka noma umnyama onsundu, umphimbo wenyoni umhlophe ngombala umucu omnyama omfishane. Umzimba wonke webhungane elahlekile ungwevu. Abesilisa bane-rainbow ebomvu, kanti imicu emibili yombala omnyama ikhona emsileni. Izinsikazi zimnyama ngombala, ikhanda linsundu ngombala, i-iris yazo iphuzi. Kepha umsila upendewe ngemichilo, kungahle kube ne-4-6. Izinyoni ezincane zinokubukeka okufana nokwesifazane.
Ukubhaliswa okunjalo komdli wezinyosi kuhlala ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude. Le nyoni ikhetha amahlathi ahlanganiswe nezihlahla ezinamandla, lapho kunendawo evulekile eyanele. Idla ngendlela efanayo nezinhlobo ezijwayelekile - izinambuzane ze-hymenopteran.
Isifiso sempilo nokuzalaniswa
Ibhungane ngokwemvelo liyinyoni enkulukazi, futhi uma ithola insikazi, ihlala nalo impilo yonke. Ngemuva kokubuya kwezinyoni kusuka ebusika, amasonto amathathu kamuva ziqala isikhathi sazo sokuzala. Ungakuqonda lokhu kusuka emidansweni yabo. Ngalesi sikhathi, ibhungane liyavuka futhi liqale ukushaya amaphiko alo emhlane walo, lifana nokushaya izandla, bese lindizela emhlabathini liye kowesifazane walo.
Wakha isidleke sayo Imvamisa itholakala emagatsheni esihlahla, cishe ukusuka emhlabathini ngebanga lamamitha ayi-10-20. Kufanele kube nendawo evulekile eduze nehlathi. Inqubo yokwakha isidleke yenzeka sekwephuzile, ngoba okusetshenziswayo basebenzisa amagatsha ezihlahla ngamaqabunga amancane. Ngokwesisekelo, kuthathwa imidumba namahlumela amancane, bese kubekwa amaqabunga amasha notshani ngaphakathi esidlekeni. Lokhu kusiza amachwane ukucasha ezingozini. Izilokotho zifakwe ngaphakathi ngamasentimitha afinyelela ku-60 cm. Lapho kuqala isizini entsha, izinyoni azishintshi isidleke sazo, kuba yikhaya lazo izinkathi ezimbalwa zonyaka.
Amaqanda la mabhungane ansundu, imvamisa kukhona ama-2-3 awo; abekwe ekuphumeni kwezinsuku ezimbili. Isikhathi sokufakwa kwesinye isikhathi sinesikhathi sezinsuku ezingama-34- 38. Emaqanda akahlali owesimame kuphela, kodwa nowesilisa. Ngemuva kokuvela kwamachwane, abazali babondla ngezinsuku eziyi-18.
Ngemuva kwalokho amachwane asebhekwa njengazimele, afunda ukuphula izidleke zawo futhi adle izibungu. Lapho iminyaka yabo ifinyelela ezinsukwini ezingama-40, vele bazama ukundiza, kodwa umama nobaba basabondla. Lapho ihlobo liphela, impilo yokuzimela iqala ngamathole.
I-hawk ingaphila iminyaka engama-30. Kepha muva nje, inani labantu seliqale ukwehla. Inyoni le yinhle futhi indima eyinhloko yendoda empilweni yayo ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa, hhayi ukuqothulwa.
Ukusuka kulenyoni ungayizwa imisindo enjengokuthi: cue-ee noma ki-ki-ki.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngebhungane
Incazelo Nezici
Ubhungane ojwayelekile Yisidlakela esikhulu kunamaphiko amancanyana nomsila omude. Ebunzini nang eduze kwamehlo kunezimpaphe ezimfishane ezifushane ezifana nezikali zezinhlanzi. Emuva ngumbala onsundu onsundu, isisu sibuye sibe nombala onsundu, kwesinye isikhathi siphenduka ukukhanya.
Umzimba wenyoni uhlotshiswe ngemifudlana emide futhi edlulayo. Izimpaphe zezimpaphe zinombala ohlukahlukene: cishe zimnyama ngaphezulu, zikhanya phansi zinamamaki amnyama ngaphesheya. Izimpaphe zomsila zithwala imicu emithathu emnyama ebanzi ngaphesheya - ezimbili ezisekelweni kanti enye ngaphezulu komsila.
Kukhona abantu ku-monocolor, imvamisa nsundu. Amehlo omuntu ohlaselayo one-iris ephuzi noma e-orange ekhanyayo. Uqhwaku olumnyama nezinzipho ezimnyama emilenzeni ephuzi. Izinyoni ezincane zivame ukuba nekhanda elikhanyayo nezindawo ezikhanyayo ngemuva.
Izinhlobo zeBhungane
Ngaphezu kwebhungane elijwayelekile, emvelweni kukhona neBhungane (elisempumalanga) elikhonkiwe. Lolu hlobo lukhulu kune-bee-eater ejwayelekile, olungamasentimitha angama-59-66 ubude, isisindo somzimba ukusuka kumakhilogremu angama-700 kuya kwekhilogremu eyodwa nohhafu, iphiko liphakathi kwamasentimitha angama-150-170. I-occiput imbozwe ngezimpaphe ezinde ezifana ne-crest esesimweni. Umbala onsundu omnyama emuva, intamo emhlophe enomucu omfishane omnyama.
Abesilisa banophawu olubomvu nemivimbo emibili emnyama emsileni wabo. Abesifazane bavame ukuba mnyama ngombala, nekhanda elinsundu kanye nophawu lomsila ophuzi. Emsileni wemichilo engu-4-6.Abantu abasha bonke bafana nabesifazane, bese umehluko uyaqina. Izinhlobo zezidumbu zitholakala eningizimu yeSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude, ezingxenyeni ezisentshonalanga zeSalair ne-Altai. Idla ama-wasps kanye nama-cicadas.
Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat
Izidleke zokuhlala eSweden enyakatho-empumalanga ziye e-Ob naseYenisei eSiberia, eningizimu yoLwandle iCaspian emngceleni ne-Iran. IBhungane inyoni efudukayo, ebusika entshonalanga nasenkabeni ye-Afrika. Ngo-Agasti-Septhemba, izilwane ezidla ezinye zithutheleka emazweni afudumele. Emuva kokudlekwa, ibhungane liyandiza entwasahlobo.
Inyoni yamabhungane ihlala ezindaweni ezivulekile zamahlathi, ithanda umswakama futhi ungasindi, amahlathi acashile atholakala endaweni eyi-1 km ngaphezu kolwandle, lapho kunokudla okuningi okudingekayo. Uthanda ama-glade avulekile, ama-marshland nezihlahlana.
Izindawo zokuhlala nezindawo ezinemboni yezolimo ezithuthukisiwe zivame ukugwenywa abadla izinyosi, yize zingasabi abantu lapho zizingela iminyovu yasendle. Ngokusho ngofakazi bokuzibonela, leli bhungane liyaqhubeka nokuhlala futhi lilandelele inyamazane yalo, linganaki umuntu.
Abesilisa banolaka olukhulu futhi bavikela ngenkuthalo insimu yabo, indawo okuvame ukufinyelela kuyo ngo-18-23 sq.m. Abesifazane bahlala endaweni enkulu, i-41-45 sq.m., kepha baqonda kahle izivakashi. Izimpahla zabo zingahlangana namazwe angaphandle.
Imvamisa endaweni eyi-100 sq.m. akukho ngaphezu kwesidleke ngababili. Ibhungane elisesithombeni linomusa futhi lihle: inyoni yelula ikhanda layo futhi ibeka intamo yayo phambili. Izimpiko zifana ne-arc endizeni ehamba kancane. Uhlobo lwezinyoni luyimfihlo, luyaqapha. Akulula ukuzibona, ngaphandle kwenkathi yezindiza, isondo kanye nezindiza eziya eningizimu.
Ngesikhathi sezindiza, babuthana ngamaqembu abantu abangafika kwabangu-30, baphumule ndawonye futhi baphinde bandize. Kwesinye isikhathi bandiza bodwa ebusika futhi bangadli ohambweni, beneliswa yimithombo yamafutha eqoqwe ehlobo.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Abadli bezinyosi abanamuntu munye futhi bakha eyodwa kuphela, okuwukuphela kombhangqwana isikhathi sonke sokuphila. Isikhathi sokukhwelana siqala amasonto amathathu ngemuva kokufika kusuka ezindaweni eziseningizimu. Isikhathi sokudansa siyeza: owesilisa uyandizela phezulu, amathe amaphiko akhe emhlane wakhe, abuyele emhlabathini. I-Beetle Nest wakhela ezihlahleni 10- 10 m ukusuka emhlabathini.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abadla izinyosi bayawathanda amahlathi, akhetha ukubukeka okuvulekile eduze. I-Nesting yenzeka ngenyanga kaMeyi, ngakho-ke amagatsha amancane anamaqabunga ayinto yokwakha. Amahlumela kanye namahlumela kwakha isisekelo, futhi ngaphakathi ngaphakathi konke kumbozwe ngamahlamvu notshani, ukuze abantu abancane bakwazi ukucasha engozini.
Ububanzi besidleke bungamasentimitha angama-60. Esidlekeni esifanayo, amabhungane angaphila izinkathi eziningi zonyaka, ngoba imvamisa izidleke ziqinile kakhulu futhi zikhonza iminyaka eminingi. Imvamisa, izinsikazi ziphethe amaqanda ayi-2 ansundu ngombala wezinsuku ezimbalwa, isikhathi sokuzinamathisela siyizinsuku ezingama-34- 38. Kokubili okwenziwa ngowesifazane nowesilisa kufinyelela kumuntu ngamunye ngamunye.
Emavikini okuqala emva kokuqunjelwa, ubaba uhlala yedwa okondla, kanti owesifazana uphekisa isidleke ngaphandle kwekhefu. Kusukela ngesonto lesithathu, bobabili abazali bathola ukudla endaweni engaba amamitha ayi-1000 ukusuka esidlekeni. Imikhaza ifakwa izibungu kanye ne-pupae. Abazali bondla amachwane asanda kuzalwa izinsuku eziyi-18.
Lapho-ke amawundlu afunda ukuzimela: wona uqobo aphula amakhethini wezinyosi adle izibungu. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-40, aqala ukuzimela ephikweni, kepha abantu abadala abasabondla. Ngo-Agasti, amaphuphu akhula futhi abe umuntu mdala. Impukane i-Beetle ivame ukuba phansi, kepha indiza yinhle, ingashukunyiswa. Sekukonke, amabhungane aphila iminyaka engama-30.
Ukusatshalaliswa
Umngcele oseningizimu wokusatshalaliswa kwebhungane lezinyosi ufinyelela esifundeni saseVolga: eBhangengakwesokudla - ezifundeni ezisenyakatho zesifunda saseVolgograd, e-Left Bank - ngasogwini lweYeruslan kanye neHlathi laseDyakovsky. Ngakho-ke, namuhla uhla lokuzalela luhlanganisa zonke izindawo zeSaratov Right Bank (kufaka neRtishchevsky), lapho ibhungane lihlala khona ngisho nasezindaweni ezinamahlathi amancane ezigodini zezindawo ezincane zakwaVolga nezaseDon, nakwezinye izindawo ezisebhange ezisele.
Imikhuba yendlela yokuphila
Enyakatho, i-Right Bank ihlala emahlathini anamaqabunga aphezulu, okuvamisile ukuthi ihlalwe emahlathini aphayini anemibala emikhulu. Engxenyeni eseningizimu-ngakwesobunxele, ihlalisa emahlathini aphansi e-oak, kufaka ne-bayrach. Esigodini sesikhukhula soMfula iMedveditsa, ukhetha amahlathi amancane ahamba phakathi kwabantu asebekhulile, kude nesiteshi, emngceleni onezikhala ezivulekile. Ngasentshonalanga kweBhange Lokudla nasesifundeni iVolga, ukhetha amahlathi amakhulu emi-oki enezikhukhula, izihibe, ihlathi lama-aspen kanye namahlathi amnyama alder.
Ezindaweni ezizaliswayo engxenyeni esenyakatho nesifunda seSaratov kuvela maphakathi nenyanga kaMeyi, ezindaweni eziseningizimu yeRight Bank nasesifundeni saseVolga - vele ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Ezindaweni ezizaliswayo, kuvela izinyoni, njengomthetho, esevele ngamabili. Fly ngabanye bavame ukugcinwa bodwa noma ngamaqembu amancane. Imidlalo ye-Matrimonial isebenza kakhulu endaweni esidlekeni. Baqhubeka kwesinye isikhathi kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJuni. Ngalesi sikhathi, mabhungane ayabonakala kakhulu, njengoba evame ukukhuphuka ngaphezu kwehlathi. Kamuva, bahlala bemfihlo futhi baqabukela ukubamba iso labo.
Ubude bokuhlala kumasayithi ngamunye ziyizinsuku eziyi-120-130. Isikhathi sokuwa esichazwe kahle siqala eminyakeni eyishumi ka-Agasti. isihloko saso sibonwa engxenyeni yokuqala - maphakathi no-Septhemba.
Izici zokunciphisa kanye nesimo
Izinhlobo ziluhlwini lweNcwadi ebomvu yesifunda seSaratov. Isimo sokuvikelwa: 3 - uhlobo oluncane olunobubanzi obuzinzile kanye nezinamba ezincipha kancane. Sekukonke, engxenyeni eseYurophu yaseRussia, ngonyaka we-1990-2000, inani lezinhlobo lalinganiselwa ku-60-80,000 ngazimbili ezijwayelekile, zazo, cishe, ngababili abangama-250-400 kuphela ababalelwa eSaratov Region. Ngokusho kokunye ukulinganisela, izidleke ezingama-200-250 ngababili esidlekeni esifundeni. Kusukela engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lama-20 leminyaka, kuye kwavela ukuthambekela kokuncipha okuthile kwenani lebhungane esifundeni. Kwezici ezilinganiselayo, eziphambili kakhulu ngukubhujiswa kwezindawo zokuhlala ngokugawula nokuzingela.
Ukubukwa kufakwe ku-Isithasiselo 2 se-CITES, Isithasiselo 2 seBonn Convention.
Ngabe ibhungane libukeka kanjani?
Ibhungane lisondele ngosayizi esihlotsheni salo, i-goshawk, kepha alula. Njengama-Hawks amaningi, izinsikazi zamabhungane zikhulu kunezabesilisa. Ukukhula kwenyoni endala kusuka ku-45 kuye ku-60 cm, isisindo sifinyelela ku-600-1100 g. Ngenxa yamaphiko amade anesikhala esilingana ne-1,2 m kanye nomsila omude, umdlwane ubukeka umkhulu kunokuba unjalo empeleni.
Ngokungafani nezinye izinkabi, ibhungane linekhanda elincane elingacindezelwe kamuva. Akanaso isici esithi "amashiya", ngakho ukubukeka kwamabhungane kuyinto eyinqaba ngokuphelele, kepha kunokudideka, okwenza ibukeke njengekhukhamba.
Amachaphaza wesilwane esidla izisu aphuzi, mude futhi aqinile. Iminwe emifushane igcina ngokugoba okumnyama, kodwa okugogekile kancane okumnyama. Lesi sakhiwo somlenze sihle ngokumba izidleke zama-Hornet. Esithombeni saleli bhungane, izihlangu ezincane zemisebe zibonakala kahle, zimboza umgwaqo futhi zivikele imilenze ekulimaleni kwezinambuzane.
Uqhwaku lwezinyoni luphakama futhi alibuthakathaka, aluhloselwe ukudabula ukudla okunolaka. Lezi zidalwa ezinamaphiko ziyakwazi ukudonsa izimpaphe ezinde ngemuva kwekhanda, ngenxa yokuthi iyiphi enye yezinhlobo ezazibizwa ngokuthi ibhungane elibunjiwe. Amehlo wezinyoni makhulu futhi ayindilinga, aphuzi noma owolintshi, akhanya njengamanye amahlosi. Izimpaphe ezimfishane, ezivuthayo zikhula eduze kwamehlo nasebunzini, zivikela izitho zombono ekuthini zilambe izinambuzane.
Beetle esibhakabhakeni.
Umbala wethani lebhungane
Uma i-goshawk ne-sparrowhawk zibonakala kalula ngenkuthalo evamile yengozi yangaphambili yomzimba, khona-ke ibhungane libonakala ngokuhlukahluka kombala oqinile.
Ngemuva kwezinyoni kuvame ukuba nsundu, kwesinye isikhathi kube namabala amnyama namachashazi amnyama. Ingxenye yesisu somzimba onsundu noma icishe ibe mhlophe. Ngokubuka isizinda esikhanyayo sabanye abantu, ukuvama okungathandeki kukhulunyelwa kahle, kwabanye, emaceleni amnyama amile mpo. Iphethini esesibelethweni kanye nesiswini sowesifazane iba mnene ngokwengeziwe, yingakho izindimbane kwesinye isikhathi zihlangana zibe yisihlangu esimnyama esiqhubekayo. Phansi komsila, imivimbo engu-2 emnyama eshintshashintshayo ibonakala kahle, eyodwa isondele ekugcineni.
Phakathi kwamabhungane, abantu abansundu abansundu ngokuphelele bahlangana, ikakhulukazi laba besifazane; abesilisa bavame ukuba ne- “hood” ngezinga elithile noma kwesinye - umqhele ompunga omnyama nezingxenye zekhanda ezingemuva, okuqhathaniswa nomphimbo okhanyayo noma omibalabala.
Izinyoni ezincane nazo zihlukile kakhulu, kunabantu abansundu abamnyama abanamakhanda akhanyayo noma amasampula akhanya ngokuphelele. Azinaso isimilo se- “hood” samadoda amadala, futhi amakhanda awo asakazeke ngemifantu emhlophe. Amehlo ezinyoni ezincane amnyama, grey noma ophuzi grey.
Beetle emhlabathini.
Ungahlukanisa kanjani ibhungane kwamanye ama-hawks
Lezi zilwane ezidla izindwani azivamile ukuhamba, kodwa phezulu ngaphezu komhlabathi ibhungane elindizayo lingadidaniswa ne-goshawk. Ngokungafani nelokugcina, leli bhungane elinamaphiko alo amade alisho ngokushesha futhi alikwazi ukusebenzisa, futhi indiza yalo ibukeka ibambekile.
Kukhona i-hypothesis yokuthi imibala yebhungane ebunjiwe ilingisa ngaphansi kwenkungu ye-buzzard, njengendlela yokuvikela i-goshawk. Mhlawumbe i-goshawk iqondiswa "ubuqili" obunjalo bemvelo, kepha umuntu angahlukanisa ibhungane elindizayo elivela endaweni yokubhukuda ngamaphiko angaphakanyiswanga, kepha afakwa endizeni efanayo futhi ngomsila omude futhi oyindilinga ekugcineni.
Omunye ummeleli we-hawk efana nebhungane kanye ne-buzzard - ukhozi oluncane, kepha aluhlukile emsileni oyindilinga, kodwa oludwetshwe ngokulinganayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo “bhungane” ondizayo 'uneminwe' emnyama ebunjiwe yezimpaphe eziyinhloko.
Ngokwezinga elincane, amabhungane angena kancane afana nokudla izinyoka, kepha lawo makhulu futhi anamakhanda amakhulu.
Umbala webhungane awuxhomekile endaweni yokuhlala. Kuwo wonke amabanga, kutholakala abantu abanemibala ehlukahlukene.
Beetle esibhakabhakeni.
Uhlala kuphi la mabhungane?
Uhla lwezilwane ezihlaselayo zihlanganisa iningi laseYurophu kanye nezindawo ezisentshonalanga ye-Asia. Kumahlathi amaRussia, lokhu kuyizilwane ezivamile, ezivele ngokunyamalala eduze kwezifunda zasenyakatho ze-taiga.
Ngokungafani nezikhulu eziningi ezihlala ngokuzinzile, amabhungane ayinyoni efudukayo kungakhathalekile ukuthi ibanga elingakanani. Izindawo ezingena bushiya nobusika zinesikhala esinamandla sendawo: izinyoni ziyahamba zisuka e-Eurasia ziye e-Afrika ezishisayo, eningizimu yeSahara.
Amabhungane akhetha ukuhlala emahlathini, ancibilikayo noma aphethwe izihlahla zikaphayini, afakwa ngaphakathi kwezihlahla ezivulekile, lapho kunendawo yokundiza. Amabhungane andizela phansi ngaphezu komhlabathi, eguqukela phakathi kokuntweza nokufushane kwamaphiko, okufana nokundiza kweqhude.
Izihlalo ezinama-forbs aphezulu azithandi amabhungane, zivimbela nomakhelwane nabantu. Ezintabeni, atholakala endaweni ephakeme kuze kufike ku-1800 m. Lezi zinyoni azinazo izindawo ezivikelekile zomuntu siqu. Uma kwenzeka ingozi, leli bhungane likhipha umlozi ophakeme, odabukisayo, ozwelayo othi “piiuu” noma ukhala masinyane we- “ki-kiki”.
Njengabo bonke abanye abahlaseli besikhathi sasemini, iningi lesikhathi, lingenabo ubuthongo, amabhungane abandakanyeka ekulandeleleni phansi inyamazane.
Beetle on-off.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Ngokuchazwa kwenyoni yebhungane, ngithanda ukuqaphela ukuthi likhulu impela, linomsila omude namaphiko amancanyana, afinyelela kumitha ngobukhulu. Umbala ibhungane hawk phindaphinda ngemibala ehlukahlukene.
Ngakho-ke, umzimba ongaphezulu wesiduna ungwevu ngombala, kanti insikazi imnyama ngombala, engezansi kuncane noma kube nsundu ngombala onsundu (ngaphezu kwalokho, insikazi ibala kakhulu), imilenze iphuzi, nomphimbo ukhanya.
Umbala wamaphiko ubuye ube nombala omuhle kakhulu, unemigqa ezansi futhi uvame ukuba namabala amnyama emikhondweni. Izimpaphe zomsila zinezimisho ezi-3 ezibanzi eziguqukayo, ezimbili zisezisekelweni kanti enye ekugcineni.
Ikhanda lincane futhi lincane, ngombala emadodeni, ngokungafani nowesifazane, alula futhi linomlomo omnyama. I-iris iphuzi noma yegolide. Njengoba ukudla okuyinhloko kwale nyoni kudonsa izinambuzane, ibhungane lineplamu elinzima kakhulu, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni engaphambili. Imilenze yelesi ifakelwe izigqoko ezimnyama, ezihlukaniswa ubukhali bazo, kepha zigobile kancane.
Isikhundla sabo esinjalo sinikeza ithuba lokuhamba phansi, futhi lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ibhungane lizingela ikakhulu emhlabathini. Ngokungafani nezinye izinyoni zomndeni we-hawk, ibhungane lindiza liphansi kakhulu, nokho, ukundiza kwalo kulula kakhulu futhi kungashukunyiswa. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla ibhungane liyaphila emahlathini aseYurophu nasentshonalanga ye-Asia, ikakhulukazi e-taiga eseningizimu.
Bhungane ezindizayo
Ngabe ibhungane lidlani?
Indlela eyintandokazi yokuzingela ibhungane kuwukuqamekela kwamahlamvu aminyene ezihlahla, lapho kuqapha khona indlela yendiza ye-hymenoptera. Lapho sesithole isidleke sophondo, inyoni yehlela emhlabathini bese iqala ukugaya ngama-paw aqinile, bese idla izibungu ne-pupae. Izimpaphe ezingaguquki ezizungeze amehlo nezikhala ezingathi shu ezivikelayo zivikela leli bhungane ekulimaleni, ekungcoleni nasekhaleni.
IBhungane ayideleli ezinye izinambuzane, ngokwesibonelo, izimbungulu nesikhonyane - zingcolile, zidla ngokuzidla izibungu ezinkulu. Ngokuntuleka kwezinambuzane kungabamba iselengu, isilima noma inyoka. Ekwindla, amajikijolo amahlathi avela ekudleni kwamabhungane. Entwasahlobo, lapho zifika ekhaya, izinyamazane zidla amaqanda wezinyoni zokuqala ezidlekayo, zibambe izinyoni ezincane, izinduku bese zilungiselela isikhathi sokuzalela kwazo.
Beetle esibhakabhakeni.
LIFESTYLE
Ubhungane ojwayelekile uhlala ezindaweni ezivulekile zamahlathi. Imvamisa, ukhetha amahlathi amvula futhi akhanyayo ukuze athole isidleke, esisendaweni engeqi ngaphezu kwe-1000 m ngaphezu kolwandle, lapho ethola khona ukudla okwanele. Ubuye azinze ngokuzithandela endaweni evulekile, lapho kunama-glade, izihlahlana kanye nezixhaphozi. Izinyosi zizama ukugwema izindawo zokuhlala nezindawo zezolimo.
Amabhungane ayizinyoni ezifudukayo. EYurophu, bahlala ehlobo kuphela. Ubusika, amabhungane andizela eNtshonalanga naseCentral Africa. Lapho kuphela isikhathi sokudlekwa kwezinyoni, lapho izinyoni ezincane zizimela, ngo-Agasti noma ngoSepthemba, izinyoni zihlangana emhlambini omkhulu zilungiselele uhambo olude oluya ezingxabanweni ezifudumele. Maphakathi no-Ephreli - Meyi, amabhungane abuyele ezingubeni zawo. Endizeni, le nyoni isebenzisa ngokuzithandela imisinga yomoya, kepha iyakugwema noma ukundiza ngaphezulu kwezikhala ezinkulu zamanzi endaweni emincane kakhulu - njengeGibraltar.
Izinyoni zisebenzisa isikhathi esincane emoyeni kunezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama, ngoba zidla emhlabathini. IBhungane livame ukuhlala emagatsheni ezihlahla eziqabayo bese libheka izinambuzane.
Isimilo nendlela yokuphila
Le hawk ihlukaniswa ukuthula kwayo, ukuqaphela nokubekezela ekulandeleleni phansi izidleke ze-wasp. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokuzingela, ibhungane lenza umgibeli, lapho lingabamba khona lapho lingakhululeki, ngokwesibonelo, nekhanda linwetshwe noma lithambekele ohlangothini, iphiko liphakanyisiwe, isikhathi esiyimizuzu eyi-10 noma ngaphezulu.
Ngaso leso sikhathi, i-hawk ihlola ngokucophelela indawo ezungezile ukuze ibone iminyovu ezindizayo. Lapho kutholwa ithagethi, ibhungane le-wasp lingabonakala kalula ngomsindo we-wasp ongenalutho noma omningi ngokudla, ngakho-ke, kulula ukuthola izidleke ezinamaphala.
Le hawk iyinyoni efudukayo, futhi ukusuka endaweni ebusika (e-Afrika naseNingizimu ye-Asia) ibuyela emuva kakhulu kunabo bonke abazidlayo endaweni ethile engxenyeni yokuqala kaMeyi. Lokhu kungenxa yesikhathi sezinhlobo eziningi zemindeni ye-wasp, okungukudla okuyinhloko kwalezi zinambuzane. Kodwa-ke, ukuhamba endaweni ebusika kwenzeka kakhulu ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba-Okthoba. Amabhungane andiza ngokubuthana emhlanjini wamakhanda angama-20- 40.
Ukusikisela
Lapho ebuya e-Afrika, amabhungane ayabuna futhi aqale ukwakha izidleke. Imvamisa bakha ngababili impilo. Emavikini langu-2-3 ngemuva kwekubuya kusuka eningizimu, tinyoni tenta imidanso yekukhwelana. Iduna lihamba lima ngqo esibhakabhakeni bese ligoqa amaphiko alo izikhathi ezi-3-4 lapho phezu komhlane wakhe, ngokungathi ihlombe, bese libuyela emhlabathini.
Ubhungane lwakha isidleke esiphakeme emagatsheni ezihlahla. Njengoba lezi zinyoni zidla ngemuva kwenyanga kunezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye ezihlala kulezi zinqolobane, zakha izidleke zamagatsha amasha anamaqabunga amasha. Ukusuka kumfundo namagatsha amancane, bakha isisekelo, bese bedonsa isidleke ngamaqabunga amasha nezingxenye eziluhlaza zezitshalo, ukuze amaphuphu akwazi ukuhlala kuwo ngokuphepha uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi. Ngokuphumula kwezinsuku ezimbili, insikazi ibekela amaqanda angama-2-3 ansundu, afaka izinsuku ezingama-34 38. Abazali bondla amachwane izinsuku eziyi-18.
Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, amaphuphu asivele ekwazi ukuvula amakheku awo futhi agwinye izibungu ngokwazo.Ezinsukwini ezingama-40 emva kokuzalwa, amaphuphu aba namaphiko, kepha isikhathi esithile ayaqhubeka nokubuyela esidlekeni ukuze adle. Amakati aqala ukuzimela ekugcineni ehlobo.
Amaqiniso ATHANDAYO, UKWAZI.
- Izindawo zobusika bamabhungane zikhumbuza izindawo zabo zokudlela zaseYurophu ngezici zokukhululeka kwabo.
- Minyaka yonke, amabhungane oju ayizi-100 000 andiza eGibraltar futhi acishe abe ngama-25,000 endiza iBosphorus lapho iya e-Afrika. Ukufinyelela umgomo wokuhamba, imihlambi emikhulu iyahlukana.
- Ibhungane elizingela lihlala egatsheni linganyakazi ngokuphelele. Lakanye abalindi bezinyoni babone inyoni ihlala ingashukumi amahora ama-2 nemizuzu engama-47.
- E-Afrika, inyosi ihola indlela yokuphila yemfihlo, ngakho-ke indlela yokuziphatha kwale nyoni ebusika akuqondakali kahle.
- Amachwane ebhungane elijwayelekile aselikhule ngokwalo akhipha izibungu ezinsukweni zezinyosi ezilethwe ngabazali bazo, ekhombisa intshiseko enkulu kangangokuba alimaza isidleke esikhulu.
IZIPHUMA ZESIHLOKO
Ikhanda: i-ash grey, evikelwe ekugwazeni izinambuzane yizimpaphe ezincane ezinjengezincane. Amakhala asesimweni se-alkalis, ngakho-ke ngesikhathi sokukhipha umhlaba awavali.
Indiza: Ibhungane elindizayo lingaqashelwa yinhloko yalo encane nomsila omude onemizila.
Ukuthwala: imvamisa esidlekeni sebhungane elijwayelekile kukhona amaqanda angama-2-3 ansundu, ambozwe izindawo ezibomvu noma ezigqwala.
I-Plumage: imvama emnyama enomngcele omhlophe ezimpaphe. Umzimba ophansi ulula futhi unebala.
Imilenze: enkulu, iqinile, inezinhlaka ezibukhali. Ngosizo lwezimpandla, ibhungane likhula esidlekeni sasemanzini.
- Izindawo zokubonela
- Ubusika
LAPHO UKUPHILA
Izidleke ze-Beetle ezisensimini ukusuka eNortheast Sweden ziye e-Ob naseYenisei eSiberia naseningizimu yoLwandle iCaspian emngceleni ne-Iran. Ubusika eNtshonalanga naseCentral Africa.
UKUVIKELA NOKUVIKELA
Ozoyedy bavikelekile. Inani lalezi zinyoni lehlile eminyakeni engama-50 edlule. Izinyoni eziningi ngesikhathi sezindiza eziseningizimu yeYurophu ziba inyamazane yabazingeli.
Izici Zokuphindaphindeka
Mabhungane ama-Nesting atholakala ngasemaphethelweni amahlathi. Imibhangqwana ibuyela emakhaya ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Izimbangi azinazo iziza ezinaphakade zokuhlala izidleke futhi minyaka yonke zibheka indawo entsha yokwakha isidleke, kepha zingangena ezinganalutho zomunye umuntu.
Ukuzala kwandulelwa ama-pirouette endiza owesilisa, lapho esanda ngokushesha phezulu, elenga endaweni yesidleke esizayo futhi eshaya amaphiko awo. Esithombeni, ibhungane - owesilisa osemdansweni wokuphephisa ubukeka umangalisa kakhulu.
Isidleke sitholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-8 kuya kwayi-15 ngaphezu komhlaba, sibukeka sincane, sakhiwe emagatsheni omile, sivame ukufafazwa kahle ngamahlamvu. Amahlumela amasha ezihlahla ezinamahlamvu amasha afakwe endishini. Eduzane nesidleke, amabhungane aziphatha ngokukhethekile ngasese nangokufihla.
Ukufakwa kweqanda kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Kuno-1-2 ku-tray, akufikeleli kuma-4 amaqanda abomvu ansundu anezindawo ezimhlophe. Isikhathi sokufakelwa sithatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-35, owesilisa nowesifazane bazilolonga ngokuhlukile.
Izinsuku zokuqala ngemuva kokuvela kwenzalo, owesilisa uletha ukudla, lapho amaphuphu eqina, insikazi iyamsiza. Okokuqala, zondliwa izibungu zeHymenoptera nezinambuzane ezindala, bese ziletha amasele amancanyana amachwane.
Futhi njengoba zingakhuli izimpaphe, amaphuphu aphuma esidlekeni angena emagatsheni, kodwa ngisho nangemva kokufunda ukundiza, izidleke zibamba zondle zikhokhela abazali bazo. Eminyakeni engu-55 yezinsuku, amabhungane amancane azimela. Izinyoni ziyahamba ziye ezindaweni zobusika ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba, futhi zindiza zisuka ezindaweni eziseningizimu yebanga ngo-Okthoba.
Kuthulisiwe. Ividiyo (00:03:03)
Ngo-9/15/15 kwamukelwa ibhungane elijwayelekile, elawa ezulwini laya endaweni yesiteshi sokupompa amanzi se-Heating Networks. Le nyoni iphelelwe ngamandla; azikho ezinye izinkomba zokutheleleka noma zokulimala ezitholakele ngesikhathi kuqhubeka uphenyo. I-beetle ngazo zonke izindlela ezinqabayo yenqabile konke ukudla okunikezwa kuye ngesimo senkukhu nezinsuku zonke kanye noshizi wezinyosi noju. Kusuku olulandelayo kuphela lapho ngidle khona i-asicic yezinyosi ezivela ezinkukhu ezikhethiwe. Sicela usizo kuju lwezinyosi. (imininingwane inikezwe eqenjini http://vk.com/club10042840) Le nyoni ibhalwe ku-Red Book yeSifunda Ulyanovsk.
Ubhungane ojwayelekile. Izinyoni ze-Brateevograd. Ividiyo (00:00:56)
EMaryino naseBrateevo, kubhungwe ibhungane ekwindla nasentwasahlobo ngesikhathi sezindiza, ngokusho kwemininingwane engathembekile, kuthiwa babonwe ehlobo bephahleni lwezindlu nasezindaweni ezilahlayo zesikhukhula saseBrateevsky. Abakwenze lapho kuhlala kungaziwa.
Entwasahlobo, ehlobo nasekwindla, ibhungane livame ukubonwa kuma-wastelands aseChaginsky futhi ekugcineni kweMyachkovsky boulevard, lapho ibhungane ingangena khona ekushiseni kokuzingela.