I-arthropod enkulu kunayo yonke kakhukhunathi * Kuyathakazelisa

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Coconut crab kuthathwa njengommeleli omkhulu wama-arthropods emhlabeni futhi, empeleni yi-hermit crab, hhayi i-crabfish, ingeyohlobo lwe-decapod crayfish. Ukubonakala kwayo okuhlaba umxhwele ngosayizi wayo omkhulu kunesabisa noma ngubani, yebo umuntu onesibindi kakhulu. Ukudangala kwenhliziyo ngokudalwa okunjalo kwemvelo, okunezandla zayo ezinamandla zingaphula amathambo amancane kalula, kungcono ukungatholakali, futhi ngisho nangokwengeziwe ukuze ungajwayele, ngoba kunengozi yokuxhawula okungaphumelelanga.

Coconut Crab

Indawo yokuhlala kwesilo esimangalisa kangaka ingabhekwa njengeziqhingi zoLwandlekazi lwaseNdiya, ikakhulukazi, isiqhingi sikaKhisimusi, lapho la ma-arthropods emelelwa ekuhlushweni kwawo okukhulu kakhulu.

I-arthropod enkulu kunazo zonke, umkhovu kakhukhunathi, ibuye yahlala ngempumelelo futhi yazizwa imnandi engxenyeni esentshonalanga yePacific Islands - ulwandle olukhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, olushaya ngezinhlobo zokuphila.

Izinhlamvu zohlobo lwe Crab Crab

Ukukhula okuphakathi kwesampula enjalo ethokozisayo - umqhele kakhukhunathi ungamasentimitha angama-40 anesisindo esincane (cishe amakhilogremu amane kuphela), ubude besigaxa esisodwa kwifomu elingafakwanga bungadlula amasentimitha angama-90. Isikhathi sokuphila se-arthropod cishe siyiminyaka engama-60, yize, ngokusho kososayensi, leli yiphuzu elixakile futhi leli banga, ngenxa yomjikelezo wempilo omncane, lingadlula inani elilinganisiwe. Coconut crab, usayizi othi lapho eneminyaka engu-5 efinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-10 kuphela, udumile kakhulu phakathi kwabathandi bezitolo ezingaphandle, abaqoqi bezimangaliso eziningi baphupha ukubutha amaqoqo abo ngesilwane esihle kangaka.

Isihloko

Igama eliqondile ngu-lat. latro kusho umphangi. IGeneric I-Birgus inikezwe nguLich ngokushintshana negama Umdlavuza "Umdlavuza" onikezwe uLinnaeus. I-Birgus - Ukubhalwa kwesiLatini kwegama lesiGrikhi lomfula endaweni yesimo sikaPtolemy, kamuva igama lesiLatini lomfula iBarrow River e-Ireland. Kodwa-ke, akucaci ukuthi igama lanoma imuphi umfula lihlangana kanjani negama lama-crustaceans.

Lo crustacean wabizwa ngokuthi "isela lesundu" ngoba esikhathini esedlule kwakuthiwa wayenekhono lokusika ukhukhunathi ezihlahleni zesundu, ukuze kuthi kamuva akuthokozise inyama yelephu ephukile. Kwakukholelwa ngisho ukuthi angavula ngokuzimele ukhukhunathi ngozipho, uma engasinda ekuweni. Empeleni, isela lesundu alikwazi ukuthola amathiphu ngamabomu - umane nje athole "amabhodlela" adwengulwe ngumoya.

Imvamisa, isela lesundu libizwa ngephutha ngokuthi yi-crab.

Coconut Crab: Incazelo

Isidumbu somqhele kakhukhunathi siqukethe ama-halves amabili. Owokuqala yi-cephalothorax enemilenze eyishumi, okuyingxenye engaphambili, ingxenye yesibili yisisu. Ingaphambili, imilenze enkulu kakhulu yangaphambili ifakwe izigqoko ezinkulu, kanti uzipho lwesobunxele lu-oda lobukhulu obukhulu kunakwesokudla. Amabili amabili alandelayo emilenze, njengawo wonke amanye amabala, anamandla futhi amakhulu, aqeda ngamaphethelo abukhali. Ngenxa yabo, imifino ingakwazi ukunqoba kalula indawo ethambekele noma emile. Imilenze yesine incane kakhulu kunale emithathu edlule futhi ivumela ama-coconut young coconut ukuhlala ezinqolobaneni kakhukhunathi noma kumagobolondo e-mollusk ukuze kuvikelwe. Njengomuntu osemdala, isibili isetshenziselwa ukuhamba nokukhwela. I-paws yokugcina, encane kakhulu futhi ithuthukisiwe (kanye nesibili), imvamisa ifihla ngaphakathi kwegobolondo. Kusetshenziswa abesilisa ekuzaleni, nabesifazane ekunakekelweni kweqanda.

Isakhiwo kanye nenqubo ehlelekile

Isela lesundu lingenye yama-arthropods amakhulu asemhlabeni: ubude bomzimba bungafinyelela ku-40 cm, nesisindo - 4 kg. Izindwangu zombhangqwana ongaphambili wemilenze yokuhamba iyakwazi ukuthuthukisa umzamo wokuchoboza amathambo amancane. Eyesine futhi, ikakhulukazi, isibili sesihlanu semilenze yokuhamba sithuthukiswa sibi kakhulu kunesinye. Lesi sibonakaliso, kanye nekhono lokugoba isisu esiswini, kukhombisa ukuthi amasela esundu angawokucwala imifino, hhayi owokuphamba obukeka njengawo.

I-exoskeleton ekhuliswe ngokwanele, kanye nokuguqulwa kwezitho zokushintshiselana ngegesi, ivumela abamele le nhlobo ukuthi bahole indlela yokuphila yomhlaba. Izindonga zemithambo ye-gill ine-cluster of kubuda, okwandisa kakhulu indawo yokuphefumula. Empeleni, amagilethi esela lesundu akakhiwa kahle.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Isithombe: Palm Isela

Isela lesundu li-decapod. Ukuchazwa kwesayensi okokuqala kwenziwa nguK. Linnaeus ngo-1767, wabe esethola igama lakhe elithile elithi latro. Kepha igama lakhe loqobo uCancer laguqulwa ngo-1816 nguW. Leach. Le yindlela i-Birgus latro, ebisaphila kuze kube manje.

Ama-arthropods wokuqala avela eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-540 edlule, ngenkathi iCambrian isanda kuqala. Ngokungafani nakwezinye izimo eziningi, lapho iqembu lezidalwa eziphilayo livela kancane isikhathi eside ngemuva kokuvela, futhi ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo kuhlala kuphansi, baba yisibonelo “sokuziqhuma okuvele ngokuqhuma”.

IVidiyo: Isela LasePalm

Ngakho-ke kubizwa ngokuthi ukuthuthukiswa okubukhali kwesigaba, lapho isikhathi esifushane (ngamazinga wokuziphendukela kwemvelo) kunika inani elikhulu kakhulu lamafomu nezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ngokushesha i-Arthropods yalwazi ulwandle, amanzi amasha kanye nomhlaba, nama crustaceans, okuyi-subtype yama-arthropods.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-trilobites, ama-arthropods enze izinguquko eziningi:

bathole isibili sezimpondo, esibuye saba yisitho sokuthinta,
imilenze yesibili yaba mfushane futhi yaqina, baphenduka ama-mandibles ahloselwe ukunquma ukudla,
okwesibili nokwesine imilenze, yize igcina ukusebenza kwemoto, nayo yaguqulwa ukuze ibambe ukudla,
Amagilebhisi asekhanda asephelile,
imisebenzi yekhanda nesifuba ihlukaniswe,
ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isifuba nesisu zaqhamuka emzimbeni.

Zonke lezi zinguquko bezihlose ukuvumela isilwane ukuthi sihambe ngenkuthalo ukuze sifune ukudla, kungcono ukubamba futhi sikusebenze. Kusukela kuma-crustaceans amadala wesikhathi seCambrian, izinsalela eziningi zasala, kwabe sekuvela ama-crayfish aphezulu, ahlanganisa isela lesundu.

Eminye imikhakha yalesosikhathi isivele iboniswa uhlobo lwesimanje lokudla okunempilo, futhi ngokuvamile ukwakheka komzimba wayo ngeke kubizwe ngokungaphelele kangako kunhlobo yanamuhla. Yize izinhlobo zezinto eziphila kule planethi ngaleso sikhathi zaphela, kepha zesimanje ngesakhiwo ziyafana nazo.

Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukwakha kabusha isithombe sokuvela kwama-crustaceans: umuntu angeke akwazi ukulandelela ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi abe yinkimbinkimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, awuzange usungulwe ngokuthembekile lapho kuvela amasela esundu, kepha igatsha lawo lokuziphendukela kwemvelo lingalandelelwa libuyele emuva amakhulu ezigidi zeminyaka, kuze kufike iCambria uqobo.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Kukhona nama-crustaceans angabhekwa njengezinsalela eziphilayo - izihlangu ze-Triops cancriformis zihlala emhlabeni wethu we-205-210 Ma.

Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani njengesela lesundu

Isela lesundu libhekisela ku-crayfish enkulu kakhulu: ikhula ibe ngu-40 cm, futhi inesisindo esifinyelela ku-3.5-4 kg. Imilenze emibili ukhula ku-cephalothorax yakhe. Okukhulu kunezinye kungaphambili, okunezipele ezinamandla: kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ziyahlukahluka ngosayizi - ngakwesokunxele likhulu kakhulu.

Amabili amabili alandelayo emilenze nawo anamandla, ngenxa yawo lo mdlavuza ungagibela izihlahla. Umbhangqwana wesine uphansi ngosayizi kwabokuqala, kanti owesihlanu mkhulu kunawo wonke. Ngenxa yalokhu, izingwegwe ezincane zingafakwa kumagobolondo abanye abantu, ezibavikela ngemuva.

Kungoba kunjalo ngoba amabhangqana amabili okugcina emilenze akakhiwa kahle ukuthi kulula ukuthola ukuthi isela lesundu kufanele kubhekiswe kulo njengobusela be-hermit, hhayi ukugoba, lokhu okungelona iqiniso. Kepha umbhangqwana ongaphambili ukhuliswe kahle: ngosizo lwezipele kuwo, isela lesundu liyakwazi ukudonsa izinto ezisindayo izikhathi eziyishumi kunaye, futhi zingaba yizikhali eziyingozi.

Njengoba lo umdlavuza une-exoskeleton eyenziwe kahle futhi unamaphaphu agcwele, uhlala emhlabeni. Kuyamangaza ukuthi amaphaphu akhe anezicubu ezifanayo nezamaphilisi, kepha amunca umoya ophethe kahle ngokomoya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, unamakamelo, kepha athuthukile futhi awamvumeli ukuthi ahlale olwandle. Yize eqala impilo yakhe lapho, kepha ngemuva kokuba esekhulile, ulahlekelwa amandla okubhukuda.

Isela lesundu lenza okubonakalayo: likhulu kakhulu, izindlawu zibaluleke kakhulu, ngenxa yalokhu lo umdlavuza ubukeka ubhebhethekisa futhi ubukeka kakhulu njengamabala. Kepha akabi yingozi kumuntu kuphela uma yena ngokwakhe enganqumi ukuhlasela: khona-ke ngalezizihla isela lesundu lingalimaza inxeba impela.

Ufuna ukwazi konke

Ukubona lesi silwane esimangazayo, noma ikuphi ukudangala kwenhliziyo kuzoqala ukwethuka nokumangala - phela, akekho umuntu emhlabeni othakazelisa kakhulu futhi, ngasikhathi sinye, omubi kakhulu kun crab coconut. Kunoma ikuphi, phakathi kwama-arthropods - ngemuva kwakho konke, uthathwa kufanele njengommeleli wawo omkhulu kunabo bonke.

Umkhovu kakhukhunathi unamanye "amagama" amaningi: isibonelo, isela lesela noma isela lesundu - phela, lesi silwane esiyinqaba empeleni sintshontsha inyamazane yaso. Abahambi bamakhulu eminyaka edlule abavakashele iziqhingi ezisakazwa eWest Pacific nase-Indian Ocean batshela ukuthi imvuthuluka kakhukhunathi ifihlekile emehlweni ansundu eluhlaza obukhulu bemithi yesundu ukuze ikwazi ukubamba inyamazane yayo, ilele ngqo ngaphansi kwesihlahla noma eduzane. Okuvela kuye.

Ukhukhunathi lukakhukhunathi (lat. Birgus latro) empeleni aluyona neze inkalankala, naphezu kokufana okuqhamile kwesihlobo se-arthropod okukhulunywa ngaso egameni. Lokhu umhluzi we-hermit womhlaba wohlobo lwe-decapod crayfish.

Ngokokukhuluma nje, kungenzeka ukubiza isela lesundu isilwane somhlaba eseluliwe, ngoba ingxenye yempilo yakhe yenzeka kulolo lwandle, futhi ngisho namaqhugwane amancane avela kukholamu yamanzi. Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa ezinesibeletho esithambile esiswini esingenakuzivikela phansi ziyaphaphalaza ngaphansi kwechibi lapho zifuna indlu ethembekile, engasebenza njengegobolondo le-nati negobolondo elingenalutho le-mollusk.

Ebuntwaneni, i-birgus latro ayihlukile kakhulu kuhlobo lwe-hermit: idonsa igobolondo layo ngemuva kwayo bese ichitha isikhathi sayo esiningi emanzini. Kepha uma eseshiyile endaweni eyisidina futhi esehambile amanzi, ngeke esakwazi ukubuyela lapho, kodwa kwesinye isikhathi ethwale indlu eshisiwe. Ngokungafani nesisu sangaphambi kukakhaza, isisu saso akusona isithende se-Achilles futhi kancane kancane siqina, bese umsila ugoba ngaphansi komzimba, uvikela umzimba ekuncekeni. Ngenxa yamaphaphu ayo akhethekile, iqala ukuphefumula iphume emanzini.

Ngamaqiniso, iningi lezinganekwane laphawula lesi sici saso - abantu baseYurophu bokuqala abafika kulezi ziqhingi bachaza umqhele kakhukhunathi njengezidalwa ezazicashe phakathi kwamaqabunga ezihlahla ezinezindala ezinde ezazilulele umhlabathi zaze zabamba inyamazane, zazehlela ezimvwini nasezimbuzi. Ososayensi baqinisekisile ukuthi i-birgus latro inamandla amakhulu futhi ingakhuphula isisindo esingama-30 kg. Kodwa-ke, bathola ukuthi imfene isebenzisa amakhono ayo ukuze idonsele izimpahla endaweni ngendawo, ikhetha ukudla izilwane ezifile, imfoloko nezithelo eziwile.

Izingwebe zikwazi kanjani ukuba khona ngokulingana kahle emanzini nasemhlabeni? Kuyavela ukuthi imvelo ehlakaniphile ibanikeze amathuluzi amabili okuphefumula ngasikhathi sinye: ukukhanya, kufakwa umoya emoyeni ebusweni bomhlaba, kanye nama-gill avumela ukuba aphefumule ngaphansi kwamanzi. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho isitho sesibili siphulukana nemisebenzi yaso, futhi amasela esundu kufanele aguqukele ngokuphelele kwindlela yokuphila esekwe emhlabeni.

Abafisa ukuhlangana nesimangaliso esinjalo kuzofanela baye ezindaweni ezishisayo - imfoloko kakhukhunathi itholakala eziqhingini zoLwandlekazi i-Indian nakwezinye iziqhingi ezisentshonalanga yePacific. Akulula ukuzibona ngokukhanya kosuku: amasela esundu ahola indlela yokuphila yasesikhathini, futhi lapho ilanga libalele bacasha emifantwini yamadwala noma ezintanjeni zesihlabathi ezifakwe umucu kakhukhunathi - lokhu kusiza ekugcineni izinga elidingekayo lomswakama ekhaya.

Futhi yize inguquko yomdlavuza ingabhoboza kakhukhunathi ngezinselo zayo zangaphambili zehluleke kabi, izimbambo zayo zakhiwa ngokwanele ukukhuphuka isiqu somuthi wesundu noma zingalume. Futhi umdlavuza awukhathaleli kakhukhunathi: inyama enomsoco yisitsha esiyinhloko kwimenyu yayo, esiyibiza ngegama elithi “coconut”.

Kwesinye isikhathi ukudla kwe-crayfish kuyacetshiswa ngezithelo zikaphaphu, futhi ngokusho kweminye imithombo, amasela esundu ayenzeka adle uhlobo lwawo. I-Hungry crab ithola ngokunembile "indawo yokudlela" eseduze: ukuhamba kwayo kwangaphakathi kungumqondo omnandi wephunga, okuletha kumthombo wokudla, noma ngabe kukude ngamakhilomitha.

Ngokuqondene nesimo "samasela" somdlavuza, unecala ngesifiso saso esingenakuphikiswa sokudonsela kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezivela esigabeni salokho okulele kabi - esidliwayo hhayi esingako.

Inyama kakhukhunathi ayigcini nje phakathi kwezidlakela, kepha futhi ingeyama-aphrodisiacs, ngakho-ke, la ma-arthropods azingelwa ngentshiseko. Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuqothulwa kwabo ngokuphelele, amanye amazwe anemikhawulo eqinile ekubanjweni kwezinkonkoni zikakhukhunathi.

Isidumbu secuba likakhukhunathi, njengawo wonke ama-decapods, sehlukaniswe engxenyeni engaphambili (cephalothorax), lapho kukhona imilenze eyi-10 nesisu. Imilenze yangaphambili, enkulu kunazo zonke inezimpofana ezinkulu (uzipho), kanti uzipho lwesobunxele lukhulu kakhulu kunokudla kwesokudla. Lo mbhangqwana olandelayo olandelayo, njengamanye amakhambi, amakhulu, anamandla anamaphethelo abukhali, asetshenziswa ngophisi lukakhukhunathi ukuhamba endaweni eqondile noma ethambekele. Imilenze yesine incane kakhulu kunalena yokuqala emithathu, evumela ukuthi imifino yamakhokhonathi encane ihlale kumagobolondo e-mollusk noma kumagobolondo kakhukhunathi, ukunikeza isivikelo. Abantu abadala basebenzisa lo mbhangqwana ukuhamba nokukhwela. Lesi sakamuva, umbhangqwana omncane kakhulu, ovame ukufihla ngaphakathi egobolondweni, sisetshenziswa abesifazane ukunakekela amaqanda, nabesilisa ukuba bahlangane.

Ngaphandle kwesigaba se-larval, ama-coconut crabs awakwazi ukubhukuda, futhi azominza impela uma ehlala emanzini isikhathi esingaphezu kwehora. Ukuze uphefumule, zisebenzisa isitho esikhethekile esibizwa ngokuthi ngamaphaphu we-gill. Lesi sitho sinokuhunyushwa njengesigaba sokuthuthuka phakathi kwama-gill namaphaphu, futhi kungenye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuguqulwa kogobela kakhukhunathi endaweni yazo. Amaphaphu we-gill aqukethe izicubu ezifana nalezo ezitholakala kuma-gill, kepha zilungele ukuthola i-oksijini emoyeni, hhayi emanzini.

Ukhukhunathi lukakhukhunathi linomqondo owakhiwe kahle wephunga, elisebenzisa ukusesha ukudla. Njengama-crabs amaningi ahlala emanzini, anezitho ezikhethekile ezitholakala ezintuthwaneni ezinquma ukunaka nokuqondisa kwephunga.

Emini, la ma-arthropods abopha ngemisele noma emiseleni yamatshe edwetshwe ngentambo kakhukhunathi noma amahlamvu ukwandisa umswakama ekhaya. Ngenkathi iphumula emgodini wayo, umqhele kakhukhunathi uvala umnyango ngesigaxa esisodwa ukuze kugcinwe i-microclimate emanzi emgodini, okudingekayo kwizitho zayo zokuphefumula.

Njengoba igama libonisa, lo crab udla on coconuts, futhi empeleni ukwazi ukukhuphuka umuthi wesundu kakhukhunathi, kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-6 ukuphakama, lapho uthatha khona amakhukhunathi ngozipho abanamandla, uma engatholakali emhlabeni. Uma ukhukhunathi owileyo ungaqhekeki ngesikhathi sokuwa, imvuthuluka izoyikhipha isonto lonke, noma ngisho ezimbili, ize ifinyelele epulini elinamanzi le-nati.Uma lo msebenzi osebenza kanzima ehlukumeza umqhele, uphakamisa ukhukhunathi esihlahleni bese ewuphonsa phansi ukuze enze umsebenzi wakhe ube lula. Uma zibuyela emhlabathini, kwesinye isikhathi ziyawa, kepha ngaphandle kokulahleka kwempilo ziyakwazi ukubekezelela ukuwa kusuka ukuphakama okungamamitha ama-4. Ukhukhunathi kakhukhunathi ngeke wenqabe kwezinye izithelo, izimfudu ezisanda kuzalwa kanye ne-carrion. Baphinde babonwa bebamba futhi bedla amagundane asePolynesia.

Igama lakhe elinye isela lesundu, walithola ngenxa yothando lwayo yonke into egqamile. Uma crab, isipuni, imfoloko, noma enye into ecwebezelayo ingena ngendlela crab, qiniseka ukuthi nakanjani izozama ukuyidonsela emgodini wayo.

Kusukela ekuqaleni kukaJuni kuya ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti, amasela esundu aqala inkathi yokuzalanisa. Inqubo yokuqomisana ihlala ende futhi eyisidina, kepha ukugoqa ngokwayo kwenzeka ngokushesha. Owesifazane uphatha amaqanda avundisiwe izinyanga eziningi ohlangothini lwesisu olungezansi. Lapho amaqanda esekulungele ukubambeka, insikazi yehlela ogwini lolwandle ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka okukhulu bese ikhipha izibungu emanzini. Emavikini amathathu kuya amane alandelayo, izibungu ezintantayo emanzini zidlulela ezigabeni ezithile zokukhula. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-25 ukuya kwengama-30, vele imifantu emincane isizama phansi, ihlale kumagobolondo ama-gastropods, bese ilungiselela ukufudukela emhlabathini. Ngalesi sikhathi, ngezinye izikhathi izinsana zivakashela umhlaba, futhi kancane kancane zilahlekelwe amandla okuphefumula ngaphansi kwamanzi, ekugcineni ziqhubekela endaweni enkulu. Ukokhunathi kakhukhunathi afinyelela eminyakeni yokuthomba cishe iminyaka emihlanu ngemuva kokuqokwa, kepha afinyelele usayizi wawo omkhulu ngeminyaka engama-40 kuphela.

Amasela esundu ahlala ezindaweni ezishisayo, eziqhingini zolwandlekazi lwaseNdiya nolasentshonalanga yePacific. IChristmas Island eLwandlekazi i-Indian inabantu abaningi kakhulu emhlabeni.

Ososayensi baseSweden nabase-Australia baqinisekisile ubuqiniso bazo zonke izindaba ezimayelana nokubanjiswa kukhukhunathi. Ngakho-ke, izakhamuzi zaseziqhingini zasePacific zazithi zingamamayela ngamakhilomitha ambalwa, ngokwesibonelo, inyama noma izithelo ezivuthiwe. Ngempela, izithiyo eziyisipesheli ezitshalwe abacwaningi zaheha ukunakwa kwamasela, kodwa nokho azilahla izingcezu zesinkwa ezijwayelekile, izinkalankala ezivamile ezihaha ngazo.

Umsebenzi we-janitor, empeleni, awubi futhi awusizo, nokho, njengoba isidalwa se-birgus latro sihamba ebusuku kakhulu futhi singenamusa kakhulu, lapho sikhubeka kukho, abantu bendawo abanamdlandla ikakhulukazi. Ukwehla kwezinombolo zayo kwaphoqa abaphathi bendawo ukuthi babeke umkhawulo wokubamba i-birgus latro. EPapua New Guinea, kuyenqatshelwe ukukufaka kumamenyu yokudlela, esiqhingini saseSaipan - ukubamba umqhele ngegobolondo elingaphansi kuka-3.5 cm, futhi futhi kusukela ngoJuni kuya kuSepthemba, ngesikhathi sokuzala.

Ngaphakathi kwezindonga zemithambo ye-gill, lo mhlaba ongaphansi kophawu lwe-hermit uthola imifantu yesikhumba lapho amagatsha emithambo yegazi eminingana. Lawa ngamaphaphu wangempela avumela ukusetshenziswa kwe-oxygen okugcwalisa imithambo yomoya gill. Amaphaphu akhishwa umoya ngenxa yokuhamba kwe-scaphognathitis, futhi ngenxa yekhono lezilwane ukukhulisa nokunciphisa i-carapace ngezikhathi ezithile, okusebenzela kuyo izicubu ezikhethekile.

Kuyamangaza ukuthi ngasikhathi sinye ama-gill, kepha amancane amancane ngosayizi. Ukususa amagilebhisi akuzange kulimaze ukuphefumula nhlobo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, umdlavuza waphelelwa amandla okuphefumula emanzini. Isela elicwiliswe emanzini lafa ngemuva kwamahora ama-4. Isela lesundu limba imbobo engajulile emhlabathini, eliboshwe ngemicu kakhukhunathi. UCharles Darwin uthi abomdabu kwezinye iziqhingi bakhetha le micu kwizimbobo zesela lesundu, abalidingayo epulazini labo elilula. Kwesinye isikhathi isela lesundu lineliswa yindawo yokukhosela yemvelo - imisele emadwaleni, emiseleni esezisetshenziswa zamakhorali, kepha noma kunjalo ezimweni ezinjalo zisebenzisa izinto zesitshalo ukuzimboza, zilondoloze umswakama ophezulu endaweni yokuhlala.

Ihlala kuphi isela lesundu?

Photo: Crab Palm Isela

Uhla lwazo lubanzi impela, kepha ngasikhathi sinye bahlala kakhulu eziqhingini ezinosayizi omncane. Ngakho-ke, yize babehlakazekile besuka ogwini lwase-Afrika entshonalanga futhi cishe yonke indlela eya eSouth America empumalanga, indawo abangaphila kuyo ayisiyinhle kangako.

Iziqhingi eziphambili lapho ungahlangana khona nesela lesundu:

Isiqhingi esincane sikaKhisimusi saziwa njengendawo enabantu abaningi kunazo zonke: abatholakala kule ndawo cishe kuzo zonke izinyathelo. Njengoba kungabonakala kulolo hlu luphela, bakhetha iziqhingi ezifudumele ezishisayo, futhi ngisho nasezindaweni eziphakeme ezingaphansi komhlaba abakwazi ukutholakala.

Yize zihlala eziqhingini ezinkulu, nazo - njengoHainan noma uSulawesi, zithanda ezincane ezisondele kwezi ezinkulu. Isibonelo, eNew Guinea, uma ingahlangatshezwa, akuvamile kakhulu, kepha eziqhingini ezincane ezisenyakatho yayo - kaningi. Into efanayo neMadagascar.

Ngokuvamile abakuthandi ukuhlala eduze kwabantu, futhi lapho lesi siqhingi sithuthuka ngokwengeziwe, amasela amancane esundu ahlala lapho. Ama-islets amancane, anconyelwa ngaphandle kokuhlala, afaneleka kakhulu kuwo. Benza imisele yabo eduze nolwandle, emadwaleni e-coral noma emadwaleni.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Imvamisa lawa makhaza abizwa ngokuthi ama-coconut crabs. Leli gama lavela ngoba ngaphambili bekukholelwa ukuthi bagibela ezihlahleni zesundu ukuze basike ukhukhunathi bese bedla kuwo. Kepha lokhu akunjalo: bangabheka kuphela ukhukhunathi osewile.

Ngabe isela lesundu lidlani?

Isithombe: Isela lesundu

Imenyu yayo ihlukahlukene kakhulu futhi ifaka phakathi izitshalo nezidalwa eziphilayo, kanye ne-carrion.

Ngokuvamile udla:

okuqukethwe kukhukhunathi
izithelo ze-pandanus
crustaceans
ezihuquzelayo
namagundwane nezinye izilwane ezincane.

Akakhathaleli ukuthi yini evela izidalwa eziphilayo - ukube nje wayengekho ubuthi. Ubamba noma iliphi inyamazane elincane elingashesha ngokwanele ukuba kude nalo, futhi angaqapheli ngokwanele ukuba angabeki iso lakhe. Yize umuzwa oyinhloko omsizayo lapho ekuzingela uwumqondo wokuhogela.

Uyakwazi ukuhogela inyamazane kude kakhulu, kuze kufike kumakhilomitha ambalwa wezinto ezinhle kakhulu nezinephunga kuye - okungukuthi, izithelo ezivuthiwe nenyama. Lapho izakhamizi zaseziqhingini ezishisayo zitshela ososayensi ukuthi muhle kangakanani iphunga lalezi zinhlwathi, zikholelwa ukuthi ziyamangalisa, kepha ucwaningo lwaqinisekisa lolu lwazi: izimbambo zadonsela ukunaka kwamasela amasundu ebangeni elingamakhilomitha, futhi azifuna ngokunembile!

Abaphethe umuzwa onje wephunga awusongelwa ngokufa yindlala, ikakhulukazi njengoba isela likakhukhunathi lingakhethi, kalula nje lingadla kuphela i-carrion ejwayelekile, kodwa futhi ne-detritus, okungukuthi, izinsalela ezibunjiwe ezinde kanye nokuncipha okuhlukahlukene kwezinto eziphilayo. Kepha namanje ukhetha ukudla amakhukhunathi. Uthola abawile futhi, uma okungenani behlukane ngokwengxenye, uzama ukugqekeza ngosizo lwezandla, kwesinye isikhathi kuthatha isikhathi esiningi. Ayikwazi ukuphula amagobolondo kakhukhunathi wonke ngozipho - bekukholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka, kodwa imininingwane ayiqinisekiswanga.

Imvamisa donsela inyamazane eduze esidlekeni ukuze wephule igobolondo noma uqede ukudla ngokuzayo. Ukukhulisa ukhukhunathi akunzima kubo, bangakwazi nokuthwala imithwalo yamashumi amakhilogremu amaningi. Lapho abantu baseYurophu beqala ukubabona, bahlabeka umxhwele kakhulu lapho bethi amasela esundu akwazi nokuzingela izimbuzi nezimvu. Lokhu akulona iqiniso, kodwa zingakwazi ukubamba kahle izinyoni nezinyoni. Futhi yidla ama-turtle namagundane amasha. Yize bengxenywa kakhulu bengasafuni ukwenza lokhu, kepha ukudla lokho okutholakalayo ngale ndlela: izithelo ezivuthiwe kanye ne-carrion ewile emhlabathini.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Photo: Umdlavuza Palm Isela

Awukwazi ukubabona phakathi nosuku, ngoba bayofuna ukudla ebusuku. Ngokukhanya kwelanga bathanda ukuhlala endaweni yokukhosela. Kungaba umgodi wesilwane uqobo, noma indawo yokuhlala yemvelo. Imizi yabo ifakwe umugqa kakhukhunathi nezinye izinto zokutshala, ezingalondolozela umswakama ophezulu owudingayo ngempilo ntofontofo. Umdlavuza uhlala umboza isango lokungena ekhaya laso ngozipho, kuyadingeka futhi ukuthi ihlale isimanzi.

Naphezu kothando olunjalo lomswakama, abahlali emanzini, yize bezama ukuzinza eduzane. Ngokuvamile zingafika emaphethelweni ayo futhi zimanzi kancane. Izinhlwayi ezincane zihlala kumagobolondo ashiywe ngamanye ama-mollusk, kepha bese zikhula kuwo futhi azisasetshenziswa.

Imvamisa amasela agibela izihlahla. Bakwenza lokhu ngokungadingekile, ngosizo lwezibambo zesibili nezesithathu zamalungu, kepha kwesinye isikhathi bangawa - kepha, kubo, kulungile, bangawa kalula kusuka ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-5. Uma ehlehlela emuva emhlabathini, lapho-ke ehla ezihlahleni enamakhanda awo phambili.

Bachitha iningi lobusuku kungaba phansi emhlabathini, bedla inyamazane ibanjiwe, bengavamisile ukuzingela, noma ngasemanzini, kuthi kusihlwa nasekuseni kakhulu batholakale ezihlahleni - ngasizathu simbe bathanda ukukhuphuka lapho. Baphila isikhathi eside impela: bangakhula bafike eminyakeni engama-40, bese bangafi ngaso leso sikhathi - abantu abaneminyaka yobudala engama-60 bayaziwa.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Photo: Crab Palm Isela

Amasela esundu ahlala yedwa futhi atholakala kuphela ngenkathi yokuzalanisa: aqala ngoJuni futhi aqhubeke kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Agasti. Ngemuva kokuqomisana isikhathi eside, lowo ohamba naye crayfish. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, insikazi ilinda isimo sezulu esihle bese iya olwandle. Emanzini angajulile, ungena emanzini akhiphe amaqanda. Kwesinye isikhathi amanzi ayawathatha bese ewahambisa; kwezinye izimo, insikazi ilinda amahora amaningi emanzini kuze kube yilapho izibungu zivela emaqanda. Ngasikhathi sinye, ayihambi kude, ngoba uma igagasi liyithwala, khona-ke imane ifele olwandle.

Umqondo wenziwa ngesilinganiso esiphakeme ukuze amaqanda angabuyeli ogwini lapho izibungu zizofa khona. Uma konke kuhambe kahle, kuvela izibungu eziningi ezingasasho lutho njengesela lomuntu omdala. Amaviki amathathu alandelayo, atantanta ebusweni bamanzi, akhula futhi aguquke. Ngemuva kwalokho, ama-crustaceans amancane acwila ezansi echibini bese akhasa kuwo isikhathi esithile, bezama ukuzitholela ikhaya. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokushesha, amathuba amaningi okusinda, ngoba awasakwazi ukuzivikela ngokuphelele, ikakhulukazi isisu sabo.

Igobolondo elingenalutho noma igobolondo elivela ku-nati encane lingaba yindlu. Ngalesi sikhathi, ziyefana kakhulu nezindlela zokukhulisa imvelo ngokubukeka nokuziphatha, zihlala zihlala emanzini. Kepha amaphaphu akhula kancane kancane, ukuze kuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amakhrayoni amancane asemhlabeni - amanye ngaphambili, amanye kamuva. Lapho, baqala nokuthola ukucwila, kepha ngasikhathi sinye isisu sabo siba nzima, ukuze kuthi lapho isikhathi sidingeka, bese besilahla.

Njengoba bekhula, bahlala bancipha - bakha i-exoskeleton entsha, futhi badla okudala. Ngakho-ke ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi, baphendukela kumakhanseli amadala, bashintsha kakhulu. Ukukhula kuhamba kancane: kuphela lapho sebefika eminyakeni engu-5 yobudala, futhi ngisho nangalesi sikhathi basencane - cishe nge-10 cm.

Izitha zemvelo zamasela esundu

Isithombe: Palm Isela

Azikho izilwane ezidla inyama ekhethekile amasela akhe angaba isisulu sazo. Mikhulu kakhulu, ivikelwe kahle futhi futhi ingaba yingozi ukuyizingela ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi azikho engcupheni: ikati elikhulu-futhi, kaningi, izinyoni zingabamba futhi zidle.

Kepha inyoni enkulu kuphela ekwazi ukubulala umdlavuza onjalo; kude nazo zonke iziqhingi ezishisayo kunezinyoni ezinjalo. Ngokuyisisekelo, basongela ngisho nabantu abasha abangakakhuli ngisho nangesigamu yobukhulu obukhulu - ingabi ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-15. Izinyoni ezinjalo ezidla inyama njengoba i-kestrel, i-kite, ukhozi nokunye zingabamba.

Kunezinto eziningi ezisongela kakhulu izibungu: zingaba ukudla cishe kwanoma yisiphi isilwane zasemanzini esidla eplankton. Lokhu ikakhulukazi izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle nezasolwandle. Badla kakhulu izibungu, futhi bambalwa kubo abasindayo emhlabeni.

Akumelwe sikhohlwe ngendoda: yize iqiniso lokuthi amasela esundu azama ukuhlala esiqhingini esinokuthula nesingenabantu abaningi, zivame ukuba yizisulu zabantu. Konke kungenxa yenyama yabo emnandi, futhi ubukhulu obukhulu abudlali ngabo: kulula ukubona, futhi ukubamba omunye wale makhansele kulula kunokucabanga okuncane.

Iqiniso elithokozisayo: Lo umdlavuza waziwa njengesela lesundu ngoba uthanda ukuhlala ezihlahleni zesundu untshontshe konke okukhazimulayo. Uma i-tableware, ubucwebe, futhi empeleni noma iyiphi insimbi ihlangana emehlweni akhe, umdlavuza nakanjani uzozama ukuyiyisa ekhaya lakhe.

Isimo sabantu nenhlobo yezinhlobo

Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani njengesela lesundu

Bangaki abamele lolu hlobo lwenhlobo etholakala emvelweni olungazange lusungulwe ngenxa yokuthi bahlala ezindaweni ezingakhi kahle. Ngakho-ke, akafakiwe kuhlu lwezinhlobo ezingandile, kodwa-ke, kulezo zindawo lapho kwenziwa khona ama-accounting, kuye kwehle ukwehla kwamanani awo kule minyaka eyikhulu edlule.

Isizathu esikhulu salokhu ukubanjwa okusebenzayo kwalawa makhansele. Ngaphandle nje kwalokho, inyama yabo imnandi, futhi ngenxa yalokho iyabiza - amasela esundu anambitha njengama-lobster, ngaphezu kwalokho, kubhekwe futhi njenge-aphrodisiac, eyenza isibalo sibe ngaphezulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, emazweni amaningi imikhawulo isethwe ekukhiqizweni noma ekuvinjelweni ekubanjweni kwethulwa nhlobo. Ngakho-ke, uma izitsha zangaphambili zomdlavuza ezazithandwa kakhulu kulo mdlavuza bezithandwa kakhulu eNew Guinea, muva nje ngokuvamile kuye kwenqatshelwe ukusebenza ezindaweni zokudlela nezindawo zokudlela. Ngenxa yalokhu, enye yezimakethi ezibalulekile zokuthengisa zabashushumbisi ilahlekile, yize okuthekelisa kusaqhubeka ngamanani amakhulu, ngakho-ke kusekhona umsebenzi wokukuvimba.

Kwamanye amazwe nezindawo, kunqatshelwe ekubambeni izinhlanza ezincane: ngokwesibonelo, eNyakatho Mariana Islands kuvunyelwe ukubamba kuphela lezo ezingaphezulu kuka-76 mm, futhi kuphela ngaphansi kwelayisense kusuka ngoSepthemba kuya kuLwezi. Kulesi sikhathi sonke sonyaka, ngaphansi kwelayisense elilodwa, ungathola hhayi ngaphezulu kwe-15 crayfish. EGuam naseMicronesia, ngaphansi kwenqatshelwe kokubamba izinsikazi ezikhulelwe, eTuvalu kunezindawo lapho ukuvunyelwa kuvunyelwe khona (ngemikhawulo), kepha kunqatshelwe. Imikhawulo efanayo isebenza kwezinye izindawo eziningi.

Zonke lezi zinyathelo zenzelwe ukuvimba amasela esundu ukuba anyamalale. Kusekuseni kakhulu ukwahlulela ukusebenza kwabo, ngoba emazweni amaningi basebenze isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10-20, kepha isisekelo sokuqhathanisa nokukhetha isu elilungile lekusasa, ngenxa yezindlela ezahlukahlukene zomthetho ezindaweni ezihlukene, sikhulu kakhulu. Lezi ziklabishi ezinkulu zidinga isivikelo, ngaphandle kwalokho abantu bangaziqothula nje. Kuyiqiniso, kunezinyathelo ezithile ezithathwayo, kepha akukacaci noma ngabe ziyanele yini ukugcina ukubukeka. Kwezinye iziqhingi lapho isela lesundu bekuvame ukwanda, abasakwazi ukutholakala futhi - lo mkhuba awunokwethusa.

Izici nendawo yokuhlala

Coconut Crab inamagama amaningana. Ezinye zazo zibonisa indlela yakhe yokuphila: isela crab, isela lesundu. Isela, isela aligcini ngegama lerabha kuphela, kodwa futhi liyisimo sendawo elikuyo, ngoba imifino inomkhuba wokweba izisulu zazo.

Okhokho babahambi abebeseziqhingini zolwandlekazi lwePacific nolwaseNdiya batshele amaqiniso athakazisayo ukuthi isela libamba kanjani endaweni egcwele utshani, liyakwazi ukuzifihla ukuze ngisho nesifiso esikhulu sokungamboni nokuthi lingamtholi.

Ukhukhunathi WeKhubhu Ukhuphuka Isihlahla SasePalm Amakhukhunathi

Lapho kuvela inyamazane ebilindelwe, ibamba liyiqondisisa kahle. Abaphenyi ososayensi bayakufakazela lokho coconut isela crab Inamandla amakhulu futhi ikhulisa amakhilogremu angama-30, ngisho nezimbuzi nezimvu zingaba inyamazane. Crab lisebenzisa amakhono alo ukudonsa inyamazane ukusuka kwenye indawo kuya kwenye.

Eqinisweni, umqhele kakhukhunathi awungeyona eyezinkalankala, yize igama libhekisa kuzo ngqo, libhekisa kumlaza futhi ungowezinhlobo zikadrawfish.Ukubiza indawo yokweba kwamasela nakho kunzima, ngoba iningi lempilo yakhe yenzeka endaweni yasolwandle, futhi ngisho nokubonakala kwezinsana emanzini.

Izinsana ezizalwayo zinendawo ethambile futhi engavikeleki esiswini futhi phansi echibini, ziyahamba, zifuna indlu ethembekile. Ukuhlala kwabo kungaba yigobolondo le-mollusk elingenalutho noma igobolondo le-walnut.

Ukuchazwa kweconco kakhukhunathi kuqinisekisa ukuthi lapho livela, crab ifana crab hermit. Uchitha sonke isikhathi echibini futhi amhudule umgodi. Kepha uma ephuma echibini kanye, angabuyeli lapho futhi emva kwesikhashana asuse ukucwila.

Isisu senkabazwe siba lukhuni, futhi nomsila ogobekile ucasha ngaphansi komzimba, ovikela umzimba ekuncekeni. Amaphaphu akhethekile ale arthropod avumela ukuphefumula ngaphandle kwamanzi ngokushesha nje lapho crab ihlala emhlabeni.

Isimilo nendlela yokuphila

Uma ufuna ukubona isimangaliso esihle kangaka, kufanele uye ezindaweni ezishisayo. Coconut Crab Dwells eziqhingini zase-Indian and Pacific Oceans. Amasela esundu ayizibane zasebusuku, ngakho-ke cishe akunakwenzeka ukuba ubabone lapho bebanzi.

Esikhathini sasemini, imifantu itholakala ezintabeni ezinesihlabathi noma emadwaleni amadwala, ambozwe ngemicu evela kukhukhunathi, ogcina umswakama odingekayo ekhaya lawo. Lapho kufika isikhathi sokuphumula, umqhele kakhukhunathi uvala uzipho ngomnyango wekhaya lakho. Lo mkhuba usindisa isimo sezulu esithandekayo sesela lesundu.

Umsoco

Igama crab liyaqinisekisa ukuthi udla ukhukhunathi. Usayizi Crab Crab imvumela ukuba anqobe intende yamamitha ayisithupha. Ngama-mites ayo, umdlavuza udonsa kalula ukhukhunathi, okuthi, kuwa, kuvame ukuwohloka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umdlavuza ubuyela esegangeni le-nati. Uma i-nati ingaphuki uma kwenzeka iwa, umdlavuza ngokuqhubeka kwayo uzama ukuyichoboza usebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene.

Kwesinye isikhathi le nqubo ibambezeleka kuze kufike ezinsukwini eziningana ngisho namasonto. Abanye isithombe sika crabut crab qinisekisa ukuthi okuthandwa ekudleni kunguhlobo lwazo, izilwane ezifile nezithelo eziwile. Iphunga lomuntu ohlala ezintendeni lisiza kakhulu ukuthi lingalali futhi liholela emthonjeni wokudla noma amakhilomitha amaningi.

Ukulimala okuyingozi noma cha kakhukhunathi ngoba imvelo iphuzu eliyindida. Abalandeli abaningi bemidlalo eyeqisayo abayiboni ingozi kuyo, kepha ngo-90% ukubukeka kwecabha sekuvele kukwesabise futhi kukwenze uthuke.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuze kwenziwe kabusha amasela e-arthropod, yisikhathi sasehlobo. Ukuqomisana kuthatha isikhathi eside kunokuzicebisa uqobo. Insikazi ithwala izinsana esiswini kusuka ngaphansi. Lapho kufika isikhathi sokuzalwa kwezinsana, insikazi idedela izibungu zayo emanzini olwandle.

Ukusuka emavikini amabili kuya amane, izibungu zihamba ngezigaba zokukhula kwazo nokukhula kwazo. Imidumba egcwele ayisho ngaphambi kosuku lwamashumi amabili nanhlanu, kwesinye isikhathi lesi sikhathi sibambezeleka ngezinye izinsuku eziyishumi. Okwamanje, basolwandle babheke izindlu ngendlela yamagobolondo angenalutho noma amagobolondo kakhukhunathi.

Ngesikhathi sobuntwana, umqhele kakhukhunathi ulungiselela ngenkuthalo impilo emhlabeni futhi kwesinye isikhathi uyawuhambela. Njengoba sesithuthele endaweni eyomile, imifantu ayilahli igobolondo emhlane wayo, futhi ifana nomqhele ngokubukeka kwayo. Zihlala negobolondo kuze kube yilapho isisu sikhula.

Ngemuva kokuba isisu siqine, umqhele osemncane uthola inqubo yokuncibilikisa. Okwamanje, crab liphindelela liphindelela ku-carapace yayo. Ekupheleni kwesilonda esincane, umqhele uthinta umsila wawo ngaphansi kwesisu, ngaleyo ndlela uzivikele ekulimaleni okungaba khona.

Amasela esundu avuthwa ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu avele. Ukukhula okuphezulu kwekhreyithi iba yiminyaka engamashumi amane yokuphila. Inani lenkohliso kakhukhunathi laliyisikhathi eside edlule futhi ligcinwe kuze kube namuhla. Isilo esinjalo esiyingqayizivele sizingelwa ngabesifazane nabesilisa.

Imvelo kakhukhunathi noma cha, akudingeki ucabange. Inyama yayo iyisibiliboco esingandile, futhi wonke umuntu uphupha ukuthi baziphathe esidlweni esimnandi nesinempilo. Ukunambitheka kwenyama kufana nenyama yama-lobster, ama-lobster nasekuphekeni, empeleni akuhlukile.

Kodwa ngaphandle kwenyama, umqhele kakhukhunathi ubuye ubaluleke nge-aphrodisiac, okuthi emzimbeni womuntu obhekele inqubo yokuheha ubulili. Leli qiniso liholela ekuzingeleni okusebenzayo kokhula lukakhukhunathi. Ukwehla okukhulu kokubamba okukhohlakele kuphoqe iziphathimandla ukuba zibeke umkhawulo ku-kakhukhunathi.

Kumenyu yokudlela ngeke uthole isidlo esivela kwisela lesundu eGuinea, ngoba lokhu kunqatshelwe ngokuphelele. Esiqhingini saseSaipan, kwenqatshelwe ukubamba amasela ngamagobolondo, lawo ngosayizi angafinyeleli amasentimitha ayi-3.5. Futhi ngesikhathi sokuzalela, ukuzingela imifino kakhukhunathi akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele.

Ihlala kuphi i-monster crustacean?

Indawo yokuhlala kwendawo kakhukhunathi ingumhlaba kuphela; umuntu omdala akakwazi ukuhlala emanzini ngenxa yokuthi amaphaphu e-gill (okuthile phakathi kwama gill kanye namaphaphu) ahunyushelwa ukuphefumula komoya wasemhlabeni, naphezu kokuba khona kwezicubu zomzimba onjalo gill. Esikhundleni salokho, amandla okuba khona ezindaweni ezimbili (zasemanzini nezisemhlabeni) akhona ekuqaleni kokuphila kwekhreyithi; lapho umuntu emdala ekhula, umuntu onjalo uphendukela kwindlela yokuphila yomhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, la ma-arthropods awazi ukuthi ukubhukuda kanjani, futhi uma esemanzini isikhathi esingaphezu kwehora ngokuqinisekile azominza. Okuhlukile yisimo lapho umqhele kakhukhunathi usasesigabeni se-larval, kulokhu indawo yasemanzini ingokwendabuko yayo.

Indlela Yokuphila Yokhukhunathi

Ukuhlangabezana necala likakhukhunathi ngesikhathi sasemini akulula, ngoba kukhetha ukuhola impilo yasebusuku, ukucasha ngesikhathi selanga emigodini yesihlabathi, imisele yamatshe e-coral noma imigodi yamatshe, phansi kwayo kufakwe amahlamvu nemicu evela kukhukhunathi. Lokhu kwenziwa isela likakhukhunathi - "Crab nge capital capital" ukuze kulondolozwe izinga elifanele lomswakama ekhaya lakhe.

Coconut Crab Ukuthintwa kokuqala

Ngokombono wabantu baseYurophu bokuqala abafika eziqhingini zezindawo ezazakhiwe kuzo kakhukhunathi, lokhu okwedlule kwavela njengesidalwa esinezimpondo ezinde, sicashe ngotshani obuluhlaza bezithelo zemithi yesundu futhi ngokuzumayo sathumba inyamazane idlula noma ngaphansi kwesihlahla, phakathi kwayo kwakukhona ngisho nezimbuzi nezimvu. Ngempela, umqhele wesundu kakhukhunathi ungummeleli omkhulu we-decapod crayfish, unamandla amakhulu futhi uyakwazi ukuphakamisa umthwalo ongama-30 kg. Ngokwezinga elikhulu, leli khono lisetshenziswa umqhele ukudonsela inyamazane ukusuka kwenye indawo kuya endaweni, futhi ekudleni kukhetha izilwane ezifile, imifantu (yebo, incane kunaye), amafudu amancane nezithelo eziwile, ikakhulukazi, izithelo ze-pandanus nokuqukethwe kwamantongomane kakhukhunathi amasundu. Futhi, amasela esundu (igama lesibili lomqhele kakhukhunathi) aphoqeleka ukuba abambe futhi adle amagundane asePolynesia kanye namathini odoti, lapho afuna uhlobo oluthile lwe- “yummy”. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona kwabantu akusona neze isici esibuthakathaka sokweba ukhukhunathi wesundu.

Izici ezihehayo zomkhovu kakhukhunathi

Ngenxa yezitho ezikhethekile ezitholakala ezintombini ezinquma indlela okuhogela ngayo nokuhogela kwayo, umqhele kakhukhunathi, ngokungafani nezihlobo zakhona ezihlotshisiwe, unomuzwa omuhle wokuhogela. Njenganoma imuphi umqhele, une-tactile receptors: yobude obuhlukile, izinwele nezinwele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inezitho zokuzenzisa, abanye abafowabo abaphucwa zona. Ukuba khona kwabo kungenxa yezici ezithile zokuthuthuka kwesela lesundu, okwathi ngasikhathi sinye lalingekho emanzini futhi lasuka lahlala emhlabeni. Njengoba elambile, uzwa inyamazane yakhe noma ibanga elingamakhilomitha amaningi.

"Palm Thief" - igama lesibili sanikezwa umqhele kakhukhunathi ngenxa yothando lwayo yonke into enhle. Uma noma iyiphi into ecwebezelayo (kungaba yisipuni, imfoloko, insimbi yensimbi, izinto zasendlini noma okuthile okukhangayo) kuhlangatshezwa endleleni ye-arthropod, ibala ngeke lize lidlule futhi lizosizakala ngokutholakele okuthandekayo (noma ngabe le eyokugcina ingekho ngokuphelele), eyodonsela kuyo umqhele crab.

Izinyathelo Zokulondolozwa Kokonokhi Coconut

Ngingathanda futhi ukukhuluma ngokuthi kungani crab coconut yaziswa kangaka. Isithombe sesilo esinjalo esinezimpelesi ezinkulu ngokusobala asimbangeli uzwela.

Isitsha sendabuko kunazo zonke kulezi ziqhingi ukhukhunathi kakhukhunathi, onikezwe ngosawoti wobisi lukakhukhunathi noma ubiliswe ubisi olunjalo isikhathi esingaphezu kwengxenye yehora. Endleleni, eGuinea, ukuze kusindiswe inani labantu abasebenza ngozipho lukakhukhunathi, lokhu okugcina akuvunyelwe ukufakwa kwimenyu yokudlela

Kwamanye amazwe, kubekelwa imingcele eqinile ekubanjweni kwama crab coconut ukuvimbela ukuqothulwa ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, esiqhingini saseSaipan, kwavinjelwa ekubambeni izinkumbi ngesikhathi sokuzalela nakubantu abosayizi be-carapace abangaphansi kwamasentimitha ayi-3,5.

Izikhubalo Zekakhukhunathi

Yize, ngenxa yokufuna ukwazi, kusathakazelisa ukuthi bazithola kanjani izigidi ezinkulu kangaka, ezesabekayo? EziQhingini ZaseMariana, kuhlelwa izicupho zikakhukhunathi, zona zihlikihle kakhukhunathi ngokwawo. Ukuthi isithiyidi esinjalo kushiyelwa izinsuku ezimbalwa “zokumuncwa” ezidingekayo ukuze imvuthuluka iphunga isidlo sakusihlwa esilungiselelwe yona. Isicupho asidingi ngisho nokufihlwa, sidinga kuphela ukuboshelwa esihlahleni esithile ukuze i-crab ingakwazi ukudonsa inyamazane yaso ngendlela engaziwa.

Ukuzalaniswa kwesela lesundu

Kusukela ekuqaleni kukaJuni kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Agasti, amasela esundu aqala ukwanda. Inqubo yokuqomisana ihlala isikhathi eside ngokwanele, ngenkathi ukukhula komzimba kwenzeka kaningi ngokushesha okukhulu. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, izigqila zesifazane zibopha amaqanda avundile engxenyeni engezansi yesisu, kwathi ngesikhathi sokuqhanyelwa, umqhele wekhukhunathi wesifazane ukhipha izibungu emanzini olwandle ngesikhathi sokuhlasela okukhulu. Emavikini amathathu kuya amane alandelayo, izibungu ezintantayo emanzini zidlulela ezigabeni ezithile zokukhula. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-25-30, imifantu egcwele ngokugcwele icwila ezansi, lapho ihlala khona kumagobolondo ama-gastropods noma amancanyana, ikulungiselela kancane kancane ukuthuthela ezweni, elihanjelwa ngezikhathi ezithile.

Kwenziwa kanjani ukuthuthukiswa komphofu omncane

Kulesi sikhathi sempilo, nginegobolondo emhlane, imifantu ifana kakhulu nemifino efuywayo futhi ithwala indlu kuze kube yilapho isisu siqala ukuba lukhuni kancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhathi sokuncibilikisa senzeka ngesikhathi sokukhula kobo abasha, lapho i-arthropod iphonsa kaninginingi imidwebo yayo.

Ukokoni lukakhukhunathi lufinyelela ekuvuthweni okucishe kube yiminyaka emi-5 ngemuva kokuqokwa, ifinyelele usayizi omkhulu cishe ngeminyaka engama-40.

Habitat

Isela lesundu futhi linamagama amaningi ahlukile, ngokwesibonelo: isela - lithole leli gama ngoba langempela untshontsha inyamazane , ngakho-ke ngokwezindaba zabahambi, lo mmeleli wama-arthropods ucashe otshanini futhi ulindele ithuba lokuphuma futhi akhiphe inyamazane yakhe, elele phansi. Futhi inayo igama elithi coconut crab - ngakho yabizwa ngoba udla ikakhulukazi amakhukhunathi ezikwazi ukugqashula ngezihlakala zazo zangaphambili ezinamandla.

Ukhukhunathi kakhukhunathi luyisihlobo senkabishi ye-hermit esejwayelekile futhi ifana kakhulu ngokubukeka. Kepha ngokungafani naye, amasela esundu asebenzisa amagobolondo kuphela iminyaka emibili, emva kwalokho awalahle, ngoba anawo exoskeleton okuhlala isikhathi eside .

Abamele ubulembu bahlala eziqhingini zoLwandlekazi i-Indian, iningi labantu litholakala eChristmas Island.

Ukuzala Kakhulu Crab

Amakati ngokuvamile aqala ukuzala maphakathi nehlobo, aqede ngokufika ekwindla. Ukuzala owesilisa ngowesifazane kuthatha isikhathi eside, emva kwalokho bashade. Emva kwalokho, insikazi ithwala amaqanda esiswini sayo. Lapho kufika isikhathi sokutshekelwa, insikazi ibeka amaqanda emanzini bese iwashiya lapho .

Amakhebhi enkalankala azalwa ngesimo sezibungu, emva kwalokho abhukuda ngokukhululeka isikhathi esingangenyanga, bese ebheka indawo yempilo engapheli. Sebebalekele, bahlala lapho baze baba negobolondo. Le nkathi ihlala cishe izinsuku ezingamashumi amabili. Ngemuva kwalokhu, aqala ukuncibilika, phakathi lapho umzimba we crab ushintsha. Manje useba njengommeleli ojwayelekile wesela lesundu.

Ngisho crab encane ihlala kakhulu ngaphansi kwamanzi, kepha isivele iqala ukwenyukela ebusweni. Lapho nje isela lesundu selifuduselwe ezweni, liphonsa usinki ngemuva kwalo bese lunjengesikabhezi se-hermit. Bakhula ngomkhula ngonyaka wesihlanu wokuphila kwabo. Futhi zifinyelela osayizi abakhulu kuphela ngeminyaka engamashumi amane.

Inani lomuntu

Lo omele umqhele ubelokhu ebaluleke kakhulu ngobunye bawo. Inyama yesela yesundu iyidili elingajwayelekile . Inambitha njenge-lobster noma inyama yama-lobster. Futhi uyaziswa kakhulu ngeqiniso lokuthi inyama yakhe inika umphumela oqinile we-aphrodisiac okhuthaza isifiso sobulili.

Ngenxa yokuzingela okukhulu kofishi, amanye amazwe aphoqwa ukuba avimbe amasela esundu ukuze alondoloze abantu bawo.

Abamele amasela esundu anomqondo oqinile wephunga, ngakho-ke angahogela ukudla amashumi ngamakhilomitha.
Ama-coconut crabs anekhono elihle lokugibela izihlahla, ngakho-ke angakhuphuka kalula imizuzwana eminingana ukuphakama okungamamitha ayishumi.
Yize ukubukeka kwembala kuyinto enhle futhi kungethusa noma ngubani okubonayo. Indawo enkudlwana yomhlaba iphephe ngokuphelele kubantu uma ingayithinti, uma kunjalo umqhele ungaphula kalula amathambo wesandla ngemikhono yayo enamandla.
EGuinea, inyama yamasela esundu yayiyisiko lendabuko, kuze kube uhulumeni wezwe uvimbela ukuthathwa kwalaba abamele i-arthropod. Manje sekuyindathane engadingekile lapho kufanele ukhokhe inani elikhulu lemali.

Ukuzala kabusha nentuthuko

Esikhathini sokuzalela, izinsikazi ezinamaqanda akhulayo zifudukela olwandle bese zizibeka emanzini, lapho izibungu ziqala khona. Abantu abasha bazinza phansi babonakala njengokujwabuzula kwe-hermit futhi bacashe isisu esithambile ngamagobolondo angenalutho olwandle (nangemva kokumiswa komhlaba) gollropod mollus.