Inyoka eyenziwe ngamakhethini ingeyezinyoka ezingenabuthi zomndeni ezivele zinobungcwele, zivela kuhlobo lokukhuphuka kwezinyoka. Lolu hlobo lwezinyoka belwaziwa kusukela ngeNkathi yeMiocene eseNyakatho Melika kanye ne-Upper Miocene yasempumalanga yeYurophu. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokukhuphuka izinyoka kusuka ezinyoka (ezingokoqobo) izinyoka ukwakheka kwamazinyo. Emhlathini ongenhla, wonke amazinyo ayalingana futhi ahlelwe ngokulandelana okuqhubekayo, abhalwa ezinhlamvwini eziyi-12 kuye kwezingu-22. Kepha amazinyo angaphambili, atholwe emhlathini ongezansi, makhulu kakhulu kunawo wonke amanye, ngakho-ke awukwazi ukuqamba umugqa wawo.
Izinyoka ezikhuphukayo zibuye zibonakale ngokuba khona kwezihlangu eziboshwe ngaphansi komsila, izimbotshana ezinomphetho futhi izikali ezibushelelezi noma ezibunjiwe kancane. Ikhanda lenyoka liqhamuke kahle kuwo wonke umzimba ngosizo lokucabanga komlomo wesibeletho. Amakhala asendaweni ephakathi kwemikhonyovu emibili yamakhala. Kokwezilwane eziphindaphindwayo, ukwahlukaniswa komkhakha wokuhlonza kuwuphawu.
Inyoka ebunjiwe, njengenhlobo, yaqala ukukhonjwa yachazwa usosayensi wezemvelo waseJalimane uPeter Pallas, lokhu kwenzeka ngonyaka we-1773, lapho kwakufika uhambo lokuya eSiberia. NgesiLatini, wabiza lesi sidilikazi esithi "Elaphe dione" ukuhlonipha unkulunkulukazi wasendulo ongumGrikhi uDione, ohlonishwe njengowokuzalwa kukaZeus nonina ka-Aphrodite noDionysus. Ubukhulu balezi zinhlobonhlobo zezinyoka zingafinyelela ubude bamamitha elilodwa nesigamu, kepha ukubonwa okunjalo akuvamile, ubude obuphakathi kwalezi zinyoka buyahluka ngaphakathi kwemitha. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi abesilisa bancanyana kakhulu kunezinyoka zabesifazane.
Ngabe inyoka enamaphethini ibukeka kanjani?
Inyoka ephekiwe - inyoka emfishane ehambayo, efana nenyoka. Ubukhulu bawo buphakathi nendawo - kuyaqabukela abantu abakhulu bafinyelela ubude obu-150 cm, kepha imodeli yabantu abadala incane kakhulu.
Le inyoka ibonakala kalula ngesimo sayo sobuntu: uhlangothi olungaphezulu lekhanda luhlotshiswe ngomucu omnyama odwebekayo omnyama oxhumanisa imiphetho yamehlo, futhi emuva kwekhanda kunezindawo ezimnyama ezingalingani zobude obude obuxhunywe ngemiphetho yangaphambili. Ukusuka ngamehlo kuya entanyeni kudlula ngomzila wesikhashana omnyama.
Isizinda esijwayelekile sokufakelwa kombala komzimba ongenhla “simabula, sinsundu noma siphuzi, hhayi imivimbo emi-4 emide ngokungafani. Isisu senyoka siphuzi noma saphuzi sinezindawo ezincane ezimnyama. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba nabantu abamnyama ngokuphelele.
Habitat
Indawo yokuhlala yenyoka ephekiwe yande kakhulu futhi isuka e-Ukraine iye eMpumalanga Ekude, kubandakanya i-Central Asia neKazakhstan, i-Eastern Transcaucasia, Korea, China neMongolia. E-Russia, ingahlangatshezwa eDagestan, Stavropol, Volga, eningizimu yeSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude.
Inyoka ephekiwe evumelaniswa nesimo nokuphila ezinhlobonhlobo zama-biotypes. Ihlala emahlathini, emaqeleni, ogwadule nolwasemathafeni. Izintaba zikhuphuka zize zifike kumamitha angama-3500. Ihlala ezingxenyeni ezikhukhulayo zemifula, emameleni alpine, emibhedeni yomhlanga. Imvamisa le nyoka ihlangana ezindaweni, ingena emasimini, ezivinjelweni nasezivinini.
Ihlala kuphi inyoka emile?
Ububanzi bokuxazululwa kwenyoka ephekiwe banzi kakhulu, le ndawo yezilwane ezifuywayo isakaze kabanzi futhi yavumelana nezimo ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene. Ukwanda kokuhlala kwezinyoka kudlula ezindaweni zase-Ukraine kuya emingceleni esekude yeMpumalanga ngokusebenzisa i-Asia Ephakathi (izindawo zaseKyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan) kanye neKazakh steppes. Inyoka ihlala eKorea, Eastern Transcaucasia, Mongolia, Iran nase China.
Emkhakheni wezwe lethu, usabalale ku:
- Volga
- IStavropol
- IDagestan
- I-Southern Siberia,
- EMpumalanga Ekude.
Mhlawumbe izinyoka zixazululeke kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi zingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa kalula nezindawo nezimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zithandwa yizikhukhula zemifula, amahlathi, izindawo eziwugwadule nezindawo eziwugwadule, izindawo ezihlala kuzo ama-steppe expanses, imibhede yomhlanga, imithambeka yezintaba, indawo enamabhishi, imithambeka yezintaba, ekhuphuka ifinyelela kumakhilomitha amathathu nesigamu. Labantu benyoka abesabi kakhulu, ngakho-ke bavame ukutholakala eduze kwezindlu zabantu, babamba iso labo ezivandeni nasezivinini, emasimini atshaliwe.
Inyoka eyakhelwe phansi iyasinda ngokuphelele, zombili ezihlathini ezixubile nezihlanganayo. Lezi zindawo zombili ezinomswakama kanye nogwadule owomile azihambi kuye. Izinyoka zihlala ezindaweni ezinamadamu kasawoti, izindunduma, amasimu erayisi, ama-takers, amahlathi we-juniper sparse. Emgodini wayo, inyoka ikhetha izikhala zezihlahla ezingaphakathi kwemithi, ukuqhekeka okuhlukahlukene kule nhlabathi, nezimbobo.
Ukubukeka nobukhulu
Inyoka ephekiwe inyoka engenabuthi evela emndenini ofanayo. Ubude bayo bungamasentimitha ayi-110-150, amasentimitha angama-17-30 ayisisila. Umzimba unciphile, ikhanda lifushane futhi libanzi, lihlukaniswe kancane entanyeni. Umfundi uyindilinga, umnyama. Isikhu se-maxillary ne-internation sangaphakathi sibanzi kakhulu kunokuphakama. Izibongo zitholakala eduze kwe-infraorbital.
Amakhonkco we-postorbital angaba kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-3, i-labial ephezulu - 8, kwesinye isikhathi i-7 noma i-9, kwesinye isikhathi ngaphansi komsila ngama-51-78, futhi kuwo wonke umzimba kukhona imigqa yesikali engama-23-28. Esiswini, kwabesilisa, kukhona izikali ze-171-201, kwabesifazane - 187-214. Izikali ezisezinhlangothini zomzimba zibushelelezi, kuyilapho i-dorsal inezimbambo ezingabonakali ezibuthakathaka namaphara amabili apical.
Engxenyeni engenhla yekhanda, kuboniswa iphethini eyingqayizivele, eshintsha njengoba inyoka ikhula. Engxenyeni yesekhanda yesikhashana, imicu emnyama igqama entanyeni. Isisu singaba lula noma siphuzi kw ichashazi elibomvu noma ngamabala amnyama. Ngesikhathi sokuncibilika, umbala ungashintsha kakhulu bese ukhanya kancane.
Ukuziphatha
Inyoka ephekiwe iholela ikakhulu emhlabeni wesikhathi sokuphila kwasemini. Ugibela ngokuphelele izihlahla, ukubhukuda kanye nokuinza. Umsebenzi uyaziveza ngesikhathi sasemini. Ebusuku, inyoka icasha ezindaweni zokufihla komhlaba ezingaphansi kwamatshe nezimpande zezitshalo, emigodini nasemadwaleni edwala.
Isilwane esihuquzelayo sishiya indawo yaso yokuhlala ekuseni bese sishisa elangeni ngaphambi kokuzingela. Ekushiseni kwehlobo, uhlelo lwayo lungashintsha, futhi ukudoba kuqala kusihlwa.
Isisekelo sokudla ezifundeni eziningi ziyimagundane amancane. Izintandokazi zokudla zincike endaweni yokuhlala nokutholakala kwezinyamazane. Imvamisa, umdlalo ubuswa izinyoni zomdlalo, ama-amphibians, izinambuzane nezinhlanzi.
Inyoka eyakhelwe phansi idla izinyoka ezinosayizi abaphakathi, kufaka phakathi nekhono lokuqhuba insangu ngokudla okunganele. Uthanda ukudla amachwane namaqanda ezinyoni. Isisulu sihlala sigwinywa kusukela ekhanda.
Ngezikhathi zengozi, inyoka iyavevezela ngesipikili somsila wayo futhi iyishaye ngezinto ezilukhuni, ikhiphe ukuvela okuyisici esibonakalayo.
Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibandayo, i-reptile hibernates ngoSepthemba futhi ihlala lapho kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Eningizimu yebanga, ihlala ngoNovemba kuya kuFebhuwari.
Indawo yokusabalalisa, indawo yokuhlala
Inyoka ijwayelane ngokuphelele nokuphila ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zezulu. Ukhululekile ngokulinganayo ezintabeni ezomile, ogwadule nasehlathini elihlanganayo, elixubile. Inyoka ingatholakala ku:
- Izigodi zemifula,
- qina
- imihlanga
- Izintaba ze-alpine
- ezindaweni zokubhukuda
- imashi kasawoti
- amasimu erayisi
- izingadi
- izivini.
- I-Ukraine yangakwesobunxele (isifunda saseLugansk),
- Isifunda iVolga
- Ciscaucasia
- I-Caucasus,
- ITranscaucasia
- I-Primorsky Krai,
- I-Middle Asia,
- Kazakhstan,
- ISiberia eseNingizimu
- I-Afghanistan,
- I-Northern Iran
- ENyakatho China
- IMongolia,
- Korea.
Inyoka yezabelo zokudla
Idla izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, izinyoka ezincane, izinambuzane, inhlanzi, izinyoni, amaqanda ezinyoni. Inyoka kuqala ibopha inyamazane ngosizo lomzimba wayo, igwinye kuphela abafileyo, iqala ekhanda ize ifakwe umswakama ngamathe, iginye amaqanda onke. Phakathi kwezinyoka, amacala e-cannibalism aqoshwe kaninginingi.
Ukuzala
Eminyakeni engaba ngu-2-3 ubudala, ukuvuthwa kwenzeka ezinyokeni, izinsikazi zivuthwe kamuva kunabesilisa. Isikhathi sokuzala senzeka maphakathi - ukuphela kwentwasahlobo, kwesinye isikhathi kuyaqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo.
Ku-clutch, inani lamaqanda liyahluka kusuka kwayi-6 kuye kwangama-25, insikazi ibeka amaqanda othulini lwezihlahla ezibolile, otshanini, eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi, isikhathi sokufukelwa sihlala cishe inyanga.
Izinyoka ezisanda kuzalwa ngobude zingaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-20 futhi zingaphezu kwama-5 amagremu wesisindo. Ukuhlanza kuqala isonto ngemuva kokuzalwa, bese uqala ukudla amagundane amancane.
Umuntu oyedwa omdala udinga i-terrarium enesisekelo esingu-100x50 cm nokuphakama okungama-60 cm. Ngokufakwa kwenyoka ngayinye entsha, umthamo wayo ukhuphuka ngo-20%. Uma ungasebenzisa isikhala esengeziwe sokuhlala, khona-ke kufanele usisebenzise.
Lolu hlobo luphawuleka ukuhamba, ngakho-ke isikhala esengeziwe sabamele baso asisoze salimala.
Isigatshana sikakhukhunathi noma ukushelela okuthambile kwezithelo nezihlahla eziqinile kubekwa phansi kwethala. Ukusuka phezulu imbozwe ungqimba lomhlabathi wehlathi. Akunconywa ukusebenzisa isihlabathi, udoti wekati noma ukuxubana kwenhlabathi yezitshalo ezinomanyolo.
Ukwemukelwa kwezinqubo zamanzi, kufakwa isitsha esincanyana esinamanzi ahlanzekile. Ubukhulu bayo kufanele banele ukulingana nenyoka ehlanganiswe indandatho. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kungcono ukusebenzisa izikebhe zobumba ezingashisi zesimo esiyindilinga ezinamacala aqondile avimbele amanzi ekungeneni ngaphansi komhlaba.
Umswakama owedlulele uholela ekubonakala kwesikhunta kanye nezinye izidalwa ezingamagciwane ezibangela izifo ezithathelwanayo ezihuquzelayo.
Qiniseka ukuthi uthola indawo yokukhosela neposi yokuqapha, lapho inyoka izokwazi ukubheka imvelo. Ngalezi zinhloso, amatshe ayizicaba, amagatsha, ama-driftwood, ubumba noma imikhiqizo yepulasitiki kufanelekile.
Ngomhlobiso, ungasebenzisa izitshalo zemvelo noma zokufakelwa. Esimweni sokuqala, ngeke bahlobise ingaphakathi kuphela, kepha bazosiza nokugcina i-microclimate enempilo.
Izinga lokushisa ligcinwa ebangeni le-23 ° -26 ° C, nasendaweni yokuthatha okugeza okushisa okwama-28 ° -30 ° C.
Ngokukhanyisa, kusetshenziswa izibani ze-reptile ze-LED. Uma i-terrarium itholakala eduze kwewindi, khona-ke asikho isidingo sokusebenzisa imisebe ye-ultraviolet.
Inyoka ithola inani elidingakalayo le-vithamini D kusuka ekudleni. Abagibeli abalingisiwe baphekiwe amagundane, ama-hamsters, amagundane amagundane, izinhlobo ezincane zezingoma, izibankwa ezincane, amaqanda ezinyoni namachwane. In the ukungabikho kokudla bukhoma unikeze eqandisiwe, okuyinto Thaw ihora ngaphambi kokudla.
Izinyoka zondliwa kanye ngesonto, kubantu abadala, ngezikhathi ezithile ziba nesiteleka sokulamba izinsuku eziyishumi nane. Bangakwenza ngaphandle kokudla ngisho izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphandle kokulimala kwempilo yabo.
Inyoka nomuntu
Izinyoka zizolile, azinobuthi, aziyingozi neze kubantu, yinyoka leyo enconywayo njengenyoka yasekhaya. Kungcono ukuyigcina e-aquarium enezingqimba noma i-terrarium, okungcono inethimba lokubhukuda lokubhukuda nelokuphuza.
Kungcono ukugcina izinyoka ngazinye, ngenxa yokuthi zithanda kakhulu ukuzitika. Izinyoka zinothando futhi zizolile, kuyaqabukela kakhulu ukuhlangana nomuntu onolaka. Kepha kungcono ukhethe emuva, emuva, ubambe inyoka ngentamo, ngoba uma wenza lokhu ngaphambili, inyoka ingaziphonsa ebusweni. Akuyona ingozi, kepha akumnandi.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Njengoba sekuphawuliwe, uhla lokuxazululwa kwezinyoka ezisetshenzisiwe lukhona kakhulu, kepha akunakuphikwa ukuthi inani lalezi zinyoka liphezulu, nobuningi bazo ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene, kaningi, lincane. Vele, kwezinye izindawo bazizwa bekhululekile. Isibonelo, esifundeni seVolgograd izinyoka ezenziwe ngamaphiko zingatholakala cishe yonke indawo, ngaphezu kwakho konke zikhethe izingxenye zalo ezisempumalanga neziseningizimu. Ngeshwa, isimo esijabulisayo sezinyoka asikho ndawo zonke, ezifundeni eziningi zincane kakhulu futhi ziqala ukunyamalala ezindaweni ezinokuhlalwa lapho kwakukhona khona inani elanele ngaphambili.
Lesi simo siyakhula, okokuqala, ngenxa yokungenelela komuntu endaweni yenyoka yemvelo. Kunezindawo ezimbalwa kakhulu ezingakaze zithintwe lapho izinyoka zizizwa ziphephile. Abantu babaxosha ezindaweni abahlala kuzo, bahlala emadolobheni, belima amasimu, bedonsa indawo emanzi, bebeka imigwaqo emikhulu, becekela phansi amahlathi, bekhulisa isimo sezemvelo sisonke.
Ngakho-ke, singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi isimo sabantu benyoka abalinganiswe ezindaweni eziningi sibangela ukukhathazeka kwezinhlangano zezemvelo, isibalo sezinyoka sehle ngokwehla, futhi kwezinye izindawo singanyamalala ngokuphelele, isici esibi somuntu ukusolwa ngakho konke, ngakho-ke izinyoka zidinga izindlela ezikhethekile zokuvikela.
Ukuvikelwa kwezinyoka ezisetshenzisiwe
Ngokwalokho okushiwo ngenhla kuyacaca ukuthi isimo nenani lenyoka elilingisiwe akusona neze isimo esihle, kodwa futhi siyadabukisa. Ezindaweni eziningi lapho ngaphambili kuneningi lalezi zinyoka, zaqala ukuhlangana nazo kakhulu, isibalo sazo sihlala sincipha, okungaxaka kodwa sikhathazeke. Kwezinye izindawo, ukwehla okukhulu kwezinombolo zezinyoka kuholele ekutheni izinyoka zacishe zanyamalala, ngakho-ke, kwezinye izindawo ezisendaweni yeRussian Federation, lezi zilwanyana ezinwabuzelayo zibhalwe ezincwadini ezibomvu.
Inyoka ebunjiwe ifakwe kuhlu ezincwadini ezibomvu zeKrasnoyarsk Territory kanye neRiphabhlikhi yaseKhakassia. Lapha inikezwa isigaba sesine futhi inesimo sohlobo, inani eliqondile lakhona elingazange licaciswe, kepha lihlala lincipha. Inyoka efanayo edwetshwayo isezingeni lezincwadi elibomvu ezifundeni zase-Ulyanovsk, Samara nase-Orenburg. Inyoka ibalwa esigabeni sesithathu futhi inesimo sezinhlobo ezingandile kakhulu ezinenombolo engaziwa. Kusukela ngonyaka ka-2007, inyoka esetshenzisiwe nayo yafakwa kwiNcwadi Ebomvu kusukela ngo-2007 njengezinhlobo ezingandile ezivame ezindaweni ezincane futhi ezisengcupheni republic.
Izici ezinomkhawulo main ezindaweni eziningi zihlala zingaziwa, kepha kuyacaca ngokungenakuphikwa ukuthi umthelela we-anthropogenic unomphumela omubi usayizi wabantu benyoka. Ukungenelela ezindabeni zomdabu zendabuko, ukulima komhlaba, ukuhlelwa kwamadlelo ezindaweni zokuhlala izinyoka, ukwakhiwa kwezindawo ezintsha zokuhamba, intwasahlobo yonyaka iba nomthelela ongemuhle inani labantu abahlala ezigangeni, okuholele inani lezinyoka ezilinganiswe ngokusabisa kokuqothulwa.
Ukuze sikugweme, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuzivikela ezilandelayo:
- ukuthola amasayithi anabantu abanovalo obukhulu bezinyoka nokuqashelwa kwawo njengokuvikelwe,
- inkulumo-ze yesimo esibonisa ukuthambekela okubhekiswe ezihlahleni,
- izindlela ezichazayo okuhloswe ngazo ukuqeda amabhodi,
- isibopho sobugebengu nesokuphatha sokushisa umlilo ngezinkuni ezifile,
- ukudalwa kwezindawo ezivikelwe zemvelo,
- ukuvinjelwa okuqinile izinyoka.
Ukufingqa, kusasele ukwengeza lokho inyoka ephekiwe hhayi okwesabisayo njengoba kubonakala ekuqaleni kokuqala. Iningi lazo, kufaka phakathi inyoka eyenziwe ngephethini, alinawo ubuthi obunobuthi nakancane futhi zesaba ukuphefumula ngokwazo, okungazilimaza. Abantu akudingi ukuthi babe nobudlova obufana nokuziphindisela, ngoba baletha izinzuzo ezinkulu ngokudla inani elikhulu lazo zonke izinhlobo zamagundane. Isimo sengqondo sesimo esihle sabantu, ukunakekela nokunakekela izinambuzane kuzoholela ekutheni izinamba zabo zangaphambilini zizobuyiselwa, zinqobe zonke izinsongo zokuqothulwa.
Ividiyo: Inyoka eyakhiwe
Izinyoka ezikhuphukayo zibuye zibonakale ngokuba khona kwezivikelo eziboshwe ngaphansi komsila, izimbotshana ezinomzimba oyindilinga kanye nezikali ezibushelelezi noma ezibunjiwe kancane. Ikhanda lenyoka liqhamuke kahle kuwo wonke umzimba ngosizo lokucabanga komlomo wesibeletho. Amakhala asendaweni ephakathi kwemikhonyovu emibili yamakhala. Kokwezilwane eziphindaphindwayo, ukwahlukaniswa komkhakha wokuhlonza kuwuphawu.
Inyoka ebunjiwe, njengenhlobo, yaqala ukukhonjwa yachazwa usosayensi wezemvelo waseJalimane uPeter Pallas, lokhu kwenzeka ngonyaka we-1773, lapho kwakufika uhambo lokuya eSiberia.NgesiLatini, wabiza lesi sidilikazi esithi "Elaphe dione" ukuhlonipha unkulunkulukazi wasendulo ongumGrikhi uDione, ohlonishwe njengowokuzalwa kukaZeus nonina ka-Aphrodite noDionysus. Ubukhulu balezi zinhlobonhlobo zezinyoka zingafinyelela ubude bamamitha elilodwa nesigamu, kepha ukubonwa okunjalo akuvamile, ubude obuphakathi kwalezi zinyoka buyahluka ngaphakathi kwemitha. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi abesilisa bancanyana kakhulu kunezinyoka zabesifazane.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Isithombe: Inyoka Elinganiswe Ngezinyoka
Akumangalisi ukuthi le nyoka ibizwa ngokuthi iphendwe, ibonakala kalula ngomhlobiso okhethekile ohlobisa inhloko yezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Isikebhe esimnyama esimnyama sigijimela ekhanda, sixhumanisa amehlo njengesixu sengilazi. Esifundeni se-occipital, amabala amakhulu amabili amade anamaphethelo angafani ahlukile, ngaphambili kwawo kuxhunyiwe. Imicu yesikhashana yomthunzi ofanayo omnyama welulwe kusuka emehlweni kuye entanyeni.
Umbala ovame kakhulu wezinyoka ezifekethisiwe ungwephuzi onsundu ngenhlanganisela ethile e-brownish. Unqenqema luhlanganiswe ngamabili amabili emicu emide yobude obude; ezinye izinyoka zinamabala acishe abe mnyama ngombala imivimbo. Isisu senyoka sinombala ophuzi noma ophuzi onamachashazi amnyama noma abomvu. Izikali eziseceleni zenyoka zibushelelezi futhi zicwebezela, kanti emuva zinokuqhuma okuncane futhi zinama-pores emaphethelweni. Ngokuvamile, emvelweni kunemibala ehluke ngokuphelele yezinyoka ezisetshenzisiwe, kuya ngezindawo lapho zidluliselwa khona. Ngemuva kwenqubo yokuncibilikisa, iba manqikanqika ngokwengeziwe, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukukhanya kwayo kuyabuyiselwa.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ku-vivo, kunezinyoka eziphekiwe zamawolintshi, amnyama, abomvu, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amathunzi aluhlaza. Kulezi zinyoka kukhona womabili ama-melanc kanye nama-albino.
Uma sicabange ngosayizi wenyoka ngokwayo, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukuphawula ubude bomsila wayo, ohlukahluka kusuka ku-17 kuye ku-30 cm. Noma izinsikazi zalolu hlobo zinkulu kunezinduna zazo, umsila wazo umfushane kunowesilisa futhi awugqinisi kangako ezansi. Umehluko ohlukile phakathi kwabesilisa nabesilisa, kukhona izihlangu, okukhona kuzo owesilisa ngaphezu kwabesifazane.
27.02.2018
Inyoka ebunjiwe (i-Latin Elaphe dione) ingeyomndeni Usuvele (Colubridae). Uhlobo lolu lwachazwa okokuqala ngonyaka ka-1773 ngusosayensi wemvelo waseJalimane uPeter Simon Pallas ngenkathi ephuma eSiberia.
Wanikeza igama lakhe lesayensi ukuhlonipha unkulunkulukazi uDione, owayehlonishwa edolobheni lasendulo lamaGrikhi elinguDodon njengomfazi kaZeus, umama kaDionysus no-Aphrodite.
Le inyoka engenabuthi iboniswa umlingiswa olinganiselayo nokungathobeki. Imvamisa igcinwa njengesilwane esifuywayo, ngoba ukulungiswa kwayo ekudingisweni akubangeli ubunzima obuningi futhi ayidingi i-terrarium enkulu. Njengomthetho, i-pair yezilwane ezindala izizwa imnandi ngisho nasendaweni yokuphila yamamitha skwele ayi-0.5. m
Yini edla inyoka ephekiwe?
Isithombe: Inyoka eyakhiwe ngeRussia
Imenyu yezinyoka ingabizwa ngokuhlukahluka, iqukethe:
Inyoka efekethisiwe iqondiswe ngokuphelele futhi igibela emagatsheni ezihlahla, ngenxa yalokho ivame ukona ngokucekelwa phansi kwezidleke zezinyoni ngokudla amaqanda ayo ngendlela engajwayelekile. Uwagwinya wonke, ngaphandle kokuphula igobolondo ngemihlathi yakhe, endaweni yezinqubo ezikhethekile zesophagus kuyiphula. Ithanda ukudla inyoka nezinye ezihuquzelayo: izibankwa nezinyoka eziphakathi nendawo, ngisho zinobuthi. Ukuqhekeka kusuka ekudleni ngeke kwenqabe isudi, isele, zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane, inhlanzi ephakathi nendawo.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Izinyoka eziphethwe zibanjwa i-cannibalism, ukuze zidle umfowabo osondele kakhulu ngaphandle kokuzisola.
Inyoka nokubona kwayo kusiza ekuzingeleni inyoka, sibonga, isisulu siyalandelelwa. Izinyoka azisoze zadla inyamazane esekhombisa izimpawu zokuphila. Okokuqala, bayambulala, basebenzise amaqhinga anqobayo, njengama-boas, bese kuphela lapho beqala ukudla, begwinya umzimba ongaphili wesisulu, oswakanyiswe ngamathe ngamathe. Inqubo yokumuncwa ihlala iqala ngekhanda.
Amandla ahlala ekudingisweni aphathwa nazo zonke izinhlobo zamagundane amancane, izingoma zezangoma, izibankwa namaqanda ezinyoni. AmaTerrariums ajwayele ukuthola okuphakelayo ngaphambi kokuwubamba. Ngaphambi kokudla kwenyoka, wenza inqubo yokuphamba. Inqubo yokondla izinyoka ezivuthiwe yenzeka kanye ngeviki. Ngokuvamile, izinyoka eziphekiwe zingakwenza ngaphandle kokudla isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga, okuyinto engalimazi impilo yezilwane ezihuquzelayo.
Manje usuyazi ukuthi ungayigcina kanjani inyoka esephethini ekhaya. Ake sibheke ukuthi uhlala kanjani endle.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Inyoka eyakhiwe
Inyoka efekethisiwe iyasebenza phakathi nosuku, futhi ebusuku nangokushisa okukhulu, ithanda ukuba sendlini yayo ethembekile, okuyimigodi, izihlahlana nezigodi. Esikhathini esiningi entwasahlobo, ubona abantu abaningana bezinyoka ngasikhathi sinye, kepha abakhi amahlumela amaningi, njengezinyoka.
Inyoka inamehlo amahle futhi inephunga, ikwazi ukugibela amagatsha ezihlahla ngobuhlakani, ayesabi nakancane amanzi. Isilwane esihuquzelayo futhi sintanta kahle, ngakho-ke kwesinye isikhathi singena emanzini apholile nakulwandle. Inyoka ephekiwe ingangena shí ngokuphelele, ezweni lethu ivame ukuchitha isikhathi endaweni esebeni lomfula inenkampani yenyoka yamanzi. Ama-snows aya kwi-hibernation ngoSepthemba-Novemba, futhi avuke ekuphakamisweni okulengisiwe ngoMashi noma ngo-Ephreli. Lesi yisikhathi sesikhathi esingalungile, konke kuncike esifundeni esithile sendawo ezinwazayo. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu namazwe anesimo sezulu esifudumele, ukufihlakala kokuphela sekuvele ngokufika ngoFebhuwari.
Ebantwini, inyoka ayibuthi bungozi, ngoba ayinabo ubuthi. Unesimo sokuthula nobungane ngokuphelele. Ebona abantu eduzane, intokazi inyoka uqobo izama ukucasha ukuze iphephe. Abanini bamadatha baqinisekisa ukuthi ubunjalo bezinyoka ezisetshenzisiwe zilingana kakhulu, lezi ezihuqayo azinalo ulaka ikakhulukazi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, zizolile futhi azikhathaleli, yingakho kunzima kangaka ukuzigcina. Izinyoka ezimbili ezivuthiwe ezilandelanayo zihlala kahle ethafeni elincanyana, lizizwa likhulu. Izinyoka zijwayela umuntu kalula futhi ngokushesha.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Inyoka encane emfushane
Isikhathi somshado izinyoka ziba ngo-Ephreli-Meyi, kodwa kwezinye izindawo lapho isimo sezulu sibanda khona, kungahlala konke ngoJuni. Kulesi sikhathi sezinyokanyoka zezinyoka, ungathola amaqoqo wonke ezihuquzelayo ezilingisiwe. Lezi zilwanyana ezinwabuzelayo zibeka amaqanda, ngakho-ke insikazi isondela ngokucophelela kwinqubo yokuhlela isidleke sayo, okungaba:
- kumahlamvu atholakalayo eduze nedamu elithile,
- imvuthuluka ebolile
- udoti wenhlabathi,
- Umhlaba uveza
- ngaphansi kwamatshe.
IClutch ingasukela emaqanda ama-5 kuye kwangama-24, wonke angahluka kancane ngobude (ukusuka ku-16 kuye ku-17,6 mm). Kunezimo lapho izinsikazi eziningana zibeka amaqanda esidlekeni esisodwa ngasikhathi sinye, inani lalezi zinto ezihlangene lafinyelela emaqanda ayi-120, kodwa esikhathini esiningi saleli nani elikhulu kuphela ingxenye yenyoka ihlala ikwazi impilo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Isikhathi sokufakwayo sinesikhathi esifushane (cishe inyanga, futhi kwesinye isikhathi amasonto amabili), ngoba amaqanda amakhulu lapho aqukethe imibungu ekhule kahle. Imibungu yenyoka esetshenzisiwe isivele isiqalile ukukhula lapho isesezimvwini zikamama.
Izazi zezinkukhu ziye zabona ukuthi izinyoka eziphethwe ngabesifazane zingomama abakhathalela kakhulu, noma ngesikhathi bezithambisa bazigada ngokuzikhandla, bopha imizimba yazo enjengeyenyoka izungeze ukuze amaqanda angangeni emgibeni wabazingeli abahlukahlukene nabanye abahlaseli. Amawundla wezinyoka ezindaweni ezihlukene kusukela ngoJulayi kuya kuSepthemba.
Ubude bawo buhlukahluka kusuka ku-18 kuye ku-25 cm, kuthi isisindo siyehluka kusuka kuma-3 kuye ku-9. Abancane bafana kakhulu ngokubukeka kubazali babo, bakhula ngokushesha futhi bangazitholi inkululeko kuphela, kepha futhi nesipiliyoni sempilo. Futhi isikhathi sokuphila sezinyoka endaweni yazo yemvelo cishe siyiminyaka eyi-9, yize ekudingisweni angaphila kuze kube ngu-11.
Izitha zemvelo zezinyoka ezisetshenzisiwe
Isithombe: Inyoka eyakhiwe ngeRussia
Ezimweni zemvelo zasendle, inyoka ephekiwe ayilula, ngoba ayinobuthi futhi ayinazo izilinganiso ezinkulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke inezitha eziningi. Ingozi ilindele izinyoka, phansi nasemoyeni. Ungakhathazeki ngokudla lokhu okukhonkotha zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ezidla inyama (ama-martens, izimpungushe, amabhulukwe). Izinyamazane ezinomdlandla zihlasela izinyoka ezifuywayo (okhozi, amakhayithi). Okokuqala, ukukhula kwabancane abangenalwazi, okuyilona olusengozini kakhulu, kuyahlupheka. Ungakhohlwa nge-cannibalism, ekhula phakathi kwezidalwa ezifuywayo, ukuze izinyoka ngokwazo zikwazi ukuba yizitha zabafowethu.
Inyoka eyenziwe ngamaphethini ineqhinga elisebenzayo lokuvikela. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu futhi eziyingozi, ifaniswa ne-rattlesnake futhi iqala ukudlidliza ngethiphu yomsila wayo wenyoka, kuyilapho kuvela ukuthi yenza uchungechunge lwemisindo ephindayo efana ncamashi nemisindo yama-rattlesnake. Vele, lokhu akuyona into ephakeme kangaka futhi eyisongelayo, ngoba ayikho i-rattle ekugcineni komsila, kepha ngokuvamile le ndlela iyaphumelela, isabisa isitha esimangele.
Ezitheni, inyoka ingabalwa njengomuntu. Kwesinye isikhathi abantu babulala lezi ezihuqayo, bazithathe njengezinobungozi futhi zinoshevu. Umsebenzi wesintu oqhubekayo uholela eqinisweni lokuthi abantu bahlala ezikhaleni ezengeziwe zokuphila kwabo, bengacabangi ukuthi bahlasela izindawo zabanye abantu, lapho kunezinyoka ezinephethini okufanele zihlangane ndawonye futhi zihlaselwe ukungenelela kwabantu okuyinqaba. Imvamisa izinyoka zisindiswa amandla azo, ukushesha kokunyakaza, amandla okubhukuda ngokuphelele futhi ukuhamba ngokufanele emagatsheni ezihlahla, lapho zingakhuphuka khona kusuka ezidlameni ezinkulu.
Okunye ukunikezwa:
I-Big Stone Gully
Ithempeli egameni likaZiqu-zintathu
I-Baskunchak Lake kanye neNtaba i-Big Bogdo
Ngokomoya - Cultural Kremlin "I-Hero's Sloboda"
Ungayaphi ngemoto usuka eSaratov ngempelasonto
Ifa leNkosana uKurakin "Nadezhdino"
Umthombo woMfula u-Khoper nesikhumbuzo “i-Old Man-Khoper”
Inkinga yenkomo ku-Big Divas
ISafari Park "Kudykina Gora"
Manor V.N. IVoeikova
Indawo yezivakashi "Inqaba iGaribaldi"
Ifa lezikhulu uGolitsyn-Prozorovsky "Zubrilovka"
IBuckwheat Lutheran Church
Ipaki Sculptural "Inganekwane"
Isonto egameni lika-Alexander Nevsky
Ipaki yemvelo "Scherbakovsky"
Isikhungo somlando nesomlando sentwasahlobo yeKuvaka
Ithempeli egameni leKazan Icon likaMama kaNkulunkulu
I-Manor ye-Count V.P. Orlov-Davydov
I-Medveditskaya ridge ne-Blue Mountain ipheshana
Tarkhany - Lermontov Museum-Reserve
Inkimbinkimbi yomgede ku-Divas Encane
Izilwane zesifunda Saratov
Inyoka ebunjiwe (i-Latin Elaphe dione) ingeyomndeni wakwa-Alvele. Uhlobo lolu lwachazwa okokuqala ngonyaka ka-1773 ngusosayensi wemvelo waseJalimane uPeter Simon Pallas ngenkathi ephuma eSiberia. Wanikeza igama lakhe lesayensi ukuhlonipha unkulunkulukazi uDione, owayehlonishwa edolobheni lasendulo lamaGrikhi elinguDodon njengomfazi kaZeus, umama kaDionysus no-Aphrodite. Le inyoka engenabuthi iboniswa umlingiswa olinganiselayo nokungathobeki. Imvamisa igcinwa njengesilwane esifuywayo, ngoba ukulungiswa kwayo ekudingisweni akubangeli ubunzima obuningi futhi ayidingi i-terrarium enkulu. Njengomthetho, i-pair yezilwane ezindala izizwa imnandi ngisho nasendaweni yokuphila yamamitha skwele ayi-0.5. m
Inyoka ephekiwe - inyoka emfishane ehambayo, efana nenyoka. Ubukhulu bawo buphakathi nendawo - kuyaqabukela abantu abakhulu bafinyelela ubude obu-150 cm, kepha imodeli yabantu abadala incane kakhulu. Le inyoka ibonakala kalula ngesimo sayo sobuntu: uhlangothi olungaphezulu lekhanda luhlotshiswe ngomucu omnyama odwebekayo omnyama oxhumanisa imiphetho yamehlo, futhi emuva kwekhanda kunezindawo ezimnyama ezingalingani zobude obude obuxhunywe ngemiphetho yangaphambili. Ukusuka ngamehlo kuya entanyeni kudlula ngomzila wesikhashana omnyama. Isizinda esijwayelekile sokufakelwa kombala komzimba ongenhla “simabula, sinsundu noma siphuzi, hhayi imivimbo emi-4 emide ngokungafani. Isisu senyoka siphuzi noma saphuzi sinezindawo ezincane ezimnyama. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba nabantu abamnyama ngokuphelele.
Inyoka ebunjiwe esifundeni icishe ibe yonke indawo, yize ivame kakhulu esifundeni eseningizimu nasempumalanga. Inyoka enezinhlobonhlobo ivumelane kahle nokuhlala ezimeni ezihlukile zezindawo zemvelo eziningana: ukusuka emaqeleni naseziwugwadule kuya emahlathini acwengile nazixubile. Ihlala emahlathini, ama-steppes kanye nama-semi-desertert. Kutholakala ezingxenyeni ezikhukhulayo zemifula, ama-tugai kanye nomhlanga, ezimfundeni naseziphepheni zamachibi, ezingadini nasezivandeni, emahlathini e-juniper nasezintabeni.
Inyoka efekethisiwe ihola ikakhulukazi indlela yokuphila yasemhlabeni, kepha iyakwazi ukukhwela ngobuhlakani emagatsheni nasezibankweni, ibhukuda kahle futhi ibuye ibuye. Inani eliphakeme lalenyoka lenzeka ngesikhathi sasemini, ebusuku inyoka ithanda ukucasha emigodini nasezinkalweni ngaphansi kwezimpande, emithonjeni ephukile, emiseleni emincane yezilwane noma ezihlahleni eziminyene. Isilwane esihuquzelayo sishiya indawo yaso yokuhlala ekuseni bese sishisa elangeni ngaphambi kokuzingela. Ekushiseni kwehlobo, uhlelo lwayo lungashintsha, futhi ukudoba kuqala kusihlwa.
Okokuqala, izinhlobonhlobo zezilwane ezincane zisebenza njengokudla kwenyoka: amagundane, ama-hamsters, amagundane, amajezi, ama-squirrel omhlaba, njll. Uzingela nezinyoni. Amandla okugibela izihlahla anikeza inyoka ithuba lokuqothula izidleke zezinyoni nokudla amaqanda. Akahliki igobolondo ngemihlathi yakhe, kodwa agwinye iqanda lonke, ngenkathi esophagus igobolondo ligqabhuka ngosizo lwezinqubo ezikhethekile ze-vertebrae yomlomo wesibeletho. Ngaphezu kwezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane nezinyoni, uhlasela izidalwa - izinyoka, izinyoka ezincane, ezibandakanya ezinobuthi. Kwesinye isikhathi, udla amasele, ubuhlalu, izinambuzane nezinhlanzi ezincane.
Ngakho-ke, inyoka yokudla, njengoba sibona, ihluke kakhulu. Inyoka kuqala ibopha inyamazane ngosizo lomzimba wayo, igwinye kuphela abafileyo, iqala ekhanda ize ifakwe umswakama ngamathe, iginye amaqanda onke. Phakathi kwezinyoka, amacala e-cannibalism aqoshwe kaninginingi. Inyoka emfushane ifuna ngenkuthalo futhi ilandelela inyamazane, iqondiswa iphunga ngosizo lombono.
Ubusika buhlala kusuka ngoSepthemba - Novemba kuya kuMashi - Ephreli; kuvela ezindaweni zokukhosela ebusika ngoFebhuwari. Ukuhluma kwenzeka ngo-Ephreli - Meyi, ngokuvamile kubeka amaqanda odoti basehlathini noma otshanini obudlula eduze kwamachibi, ukubola kwezihlahla ezibolile. Ngemifantu kusuka emaqanda ama-5 kuye kwangama-24 ubude obuhlukile (16, 30-17, 56 mm). Imfuhlumfuhlu yamaqanda afinyelela kwayi-120 ayaziwa, kuthiwa ingxenye eyodwa kuphela ephila.
Isikhathi sokufakwa kokubeletha sithatha cishe inyanga (kuvame ukwehliswa kube cishe amasonto amabili ngenxa yokuthi ukukhula kombungu kuqala ezizalweni zesibeletho sowesifazane). Ngokwalokho okutholakalayo, inyoka yesifazane ikhombisa ukunakekela okungajwayelekile kwenzalo yezinyoka: ukumboza ubumbeko ngamasongo omzimba wayo, kuyakuvikela kwizisulu. Abantu abasha bavela ngoJulayi kuya kuSepthemba futhi banobude obungu-18-25 cm, isisindo esingu-2.8-9.3 g. Bazalwe baklanywe ngokuphelele futhi bakulungele ukuba khona okuzimele. Kuqala zidla izinambuzane, bese zidlulela kwinyamazane enkulu. Izingane zonyaka wokuqala ziwela ekubandakanyeni maduze kwezingane zazo ezindala, zizama ukuqongelela izakhi zomzimba eziningi emzimbeni.
Phakathi kwezitha zenyoka esetshenzisiwe yinyama ezincelisayo nezinyoni (ikakhulukazi, ukhozi lwe-steppe). Isivikelo esihle kubo kungukuhamba okusheshayo emashalofini noma emagatsheni ezihlahla. Uma kwenzeka ingozi, ichopho lomsila wenyoka ephekiwe liyanyakaza futhi, lishaye izinto ezinzima, likhiphe isigaxa esifana nomsindo wenjoloba.
Isikhathi sokuphila senyoka eyakhiwe ngokwemvelo cishe siyiminyaka eyi-8-9, ekuthunjweni - iminyaka engu-10 - 11, ngesilinganiso seminyaka engama-25.
Indlela Yempilo Yezinyoka
Le inyoka ijwayelekile kakhulu futhi ezindaweni zayo lapho ungathola khona izinhlobo ezithile zaloluhlobo ngasikhathi sinye, kodwa-ke, amaqoqo amakhulu anjengoka zinyoka inyoka ephekiwe awekho.
Izinyoka ziyasebenza phakathi nesikhathi semini. Ebusuku, kanye nangezikhathi ezishisa kakhulu, bacasha izikhala phakathi kwamatshe, emiseleni yezilwane ezincane, emigodini noma ezihlahleni ezinde zezihlahla.
Inyoka emfushane ingahamba kahle emhlabathini nangamagatsha ezihlahla. Ngokuzithandela ungena emanzini, kufaka phakathi nolwandle: ungumdobi omuhle kakhulu futhi onobuhlakani, uvame ukutholakala ogwini lwezindawo zethu eziseningizimu emphakathini wezinyoka zamanzi.
Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, inyoka ifihle ngoSepthemba-Novemba, futhi iyishiya maphakathi nentwasahlobo.
Umsoco
Okokuqala, izinhlobonhlobo zezilwane ezincane zisebenza njengokudla kwenyoka: amagundane, ama-hamsters, amagundane, amajezi, ama-squirrel omhlaba, njll. Uzingela nezinyoni. Amandla okugibela izihlahla anikeza inyoka ithuba lokuqothula izidleke zezinyoni nokudla amaqanda. Akahliki igobolondo ngemihlathi yakhe, kodwa agwinye iqanda lonke, ngenkathi esophagus igobolondo ligqabhuka ngosizo lwezinqubo ezikhethekile ze-vertebrae yomlomo wesibeletho. Ngaphezu kwezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane nezinyoni, uhlasela izidalwa - izinyoka, izinyoka ezincane, ezibandakanya ezinobuthi. Kwesinye isikhathi, udla amasele, ubuhlalu, izinambuzane nezinhlanzi ezincane. Ngakho-ke, inyoka yokudla, njengoba sibona, ihluke kakhulu. Phakathi kwezinyoka, kuye kwaphawulwa izigameko eziphindaphindwayo zokweyisa insangu.
Inyoka emfushane ifuna ngenkuthalo futhi ilandelela inyamazane, iqondiswa iphunga ngosizo lombono.
Ngokungafani nezinyoka zangempela, eziqala ukugwinya isisulu esithunjiwe ziphila, izinyoka zazo zibopha izisulu zazo, zinciphisa izindandatho zemizimba yazo, njengama-boas, ziligwinye lifile.
Izitha
Izitha eziyinhloko zezinyoka ezisetshenzisiwe ezinye izinyoni zezinyamazane nezilwane ezincelisayo. Amandla okugibela izihlahla futhi uhambe ngokushesha ngokuvamile asiza lezi zinyoka ukugwema isiphetho esidabukisayo.
Uma kwenzeka ingozi, inyoka ebunjiwe yenza ukunyakaza okunyakazisa ngophimbo lomsila, kukhiqize umsindo oyindilinga ongafani nomsindo wethambo.
Ukuzijabulisa
Esikhathini sokukhwelana, esenzeka ngoJuni, umuntu angabona izigaba zezinyoka ezisetshenzisiwe.
Ziphindaphindeka ngokubeka amaqanda asevele equkethe imibungu esekhulile, futhi ngenxa yalokho ukumila kuhlala isikhathi esifushane - cishe inyanga.
NgoJulayi-Agasti, insikazi ibeka amaqanda ematsheni, ezindlini ezakhiwe emhlabathini, odakeni lwamahlathi, amahlamvu abolile noma izinsalela zezihlahla ezibolile. E-clutch kukhona amaqanda amahlanu kuya kwangama-24. Izinsikazi eziningana zivame ukubeka amaqanda endaweni efanayo, inani eliphakeme lamaqanda lapho kuhlangana khona okunjalo kungafinyelela izingcezu eziyi-120. Kepha yingxenye kuphela yamaqanda abekwe izinyoka ezisebenzayo: zingaba ngu-20 cm ubude futhi azikho ngaphezu kwama-gramu ayi-7.
Ngokwalokho okutholakalayo, inyoka yesifazane ikhombisa ukunakekela okungajwayelekile kwenzalo yezinyoka: ukumboza ubumbeko ngamasongo omzimba wayo, kuyakuvikela kwizisulu.
Izinyoka ezifekethisiwe zivame ukutholakala kumathafa asekhaya. Le inyoka ayizethembi, inganconywa ngisho nakubaqalayo.
Isikhathi sokuphila kwenyoka emfushane ngokwemvelo cishe siyiminyaka eyi-8-9, ekuthunjweni - iminyaka eyi-10 - 11.
Indlela Yokuphila Nempilo
Inyoka emfushane - Isinambuzane sasemini. Ngalesi sikhathi sosuku asebenzisa ngalo:
- izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane
- izinyoni
- inyoka
- ama-amphibians
- inhlanzi
- izinambuzane.
Isikhathi sokuzala nokukhiqiza kabusha
Izinyoka zishade ngo-Ephreli-Meyi. Kwezinye izifunda, lesi sikhathi singabambezeleka kuze kube uJuni. Izinsikazi zakha amaqhugwane amaqanda angama-5- 24 ubude obungalingani ehlathini, udaka owomile noma izinsalela zezihlahla ezibolile. Abesifazane abaningi bangakha i-clutch ejwayelekile, lapho kukhona amaqanda angaba ngu-120. Ngeshwa, hhayi ngaphezu kwesigamu sabo esivame ukusinda. Izinyoka ezincane zizalwa esikhathini esingangenyanga. Imvamisa, ukubonakala kwenzalo kwaqapheleka ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, ngoba umbungu walezi zinyoka uyakwazi ukukhula kuma-oviducts.
Inani eliphakeme 'lokuqhanyelwa' kwamawundlu liwa ngoJulayi-Septhemba. Izingane zizalwa zinobude obungamasentimitha angama-18-25 anesisindo esingu-2.8-9.3 amagremu.
Ukuluma kuyingozi kumuntu
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, inyoka ebunjiwe ingeyezilwane ezingenabuthi. Noma kunjalo, kuyadingeka ukuziphatha ngokuqapha ngokweqile. Uma isilwane sizwa ingozi, siyophonsa izitha kalula futhi sizame ukusiluma.
Ukulunywa yinyoka kubuhlungu kakhulu futhi ngokushesha emva kwayo kuzovela zonke izimpawu zobuthi: ukuvuvukala kwendawo ethintekile, isiyezi, nobuhlungu obukhali. Izimpawu ziyanyamalala ezinsukwini ezintathu.
ITerrarium
Indlu ekahle yezilwane ezihuquzelayo nama-amphibians yiTerrarium. Njengoba kufanele ibhokisi elinodonga lwangaphambili olungabonakali olunobukhulu obuncane bamasentimitha angama-50 * 40 * 40. Ukusuka ngaphezulu, ibhokisi kufanele livalwe, ngoba inyoka ingalishiya kalula, igibele amatshe nezibaya. Ukushisa okunethezekayo komgijimeli kungama-30- 35 degrees ngesikhathi sasemini nama-degree angama-20- 22 ebusuku. Umswakama kufanele ube cishe ku-60-70%. E-terrarium, ngaphezu kwezitshalo, amatshe nezibambo, lapho inyoka ibingacasha kalula, kufanele kube nesitsha esikhulu esinamanzi. Kuzoba yisitsha sokuphuza nesichibi. Ngaphansi kwebhokisi kungenziwa kufakwe ngotshani, isihlabathi, isigaqa sikakhukhunathi noma iphepha lokuhlunga. Kwelinye lamakhona (afudumele) kufanele ubeke i-sphagnum. Kuzoba isilawuli somswakama nendawo yokuhlala yezilwane ezifuywayo. Kufanele ifafazwe kanye ngosuku ngamanzi afudumele.
Endaweni yokuhlala yemvelo, izinyoka zifihle ubusika. Ngakho-ke, ekhaya, udinga ukunakekela ukudala i-microclimate ethile kubo, kodwa kuphela uma isilwane size kuwe sivela endle. Uma ngaphambili wayehlala ekudingisweni, khona-ke kuyokwanela ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa ku-terrarium inyanga eyodwa futhi ungondli isilwane.
Ukondla
Ekhaya, inyoka yokudla iqukethe:
- amagundane abelebhu
- hamsters
- izigwaca
- amaqanda
- izinhlanzi.
Ukuhlanza igumbi
I-terrarium kufanele ihlolwe njalo ukuthola indle. Uma indawo engcolisiwe noma emanzi yedoti itholakala, kule ndawo ithathelwa indawo ihlanzekile. Lapho kuvela iphunga elingathandeki "endlini", engashabalali ngemuva kokushintsha isisekelo, ukuhlanza kwentwasahlobo kwenziwa (cishe kanye ngenyanga).
Izakhamizi ze-terrarium zidluliselwa endlini yesikhashana noma ziboshwe esikhwameni esikhethekile. I-terrarium igezwa ngensipho futhi iphathwe nekhambi elilodwa le-chloramiac. Ngemuva kwalokho kugezwa ngaphansi kwamanzi agobhozayo bese kusulwa komile. Amatshe ahlanjiwe, i-driftwood, ithangi lamanzi.
Evumelana nezimo kalula kunoma iyiphi indawo, inyoka ayidingi ukugcinwa okuyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokulandela yonke imithetho, i-reptile ingaphila iminyaka eyi-10 ekudingisweni.
Ukubhebhetheka
Inyoka ebunjiwe yasakazeka isuka ogwini olusempumalanga yoLwandle Olumnyama idlulela ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeRussia, eCentral naseCentral Asia, China naseMongolia kuya eMpumalanga Ekude. E-Ukraine, itholakala ikakhulu endaweni eyi-steppe endaweni yesifunda saseLuhansk. E-China, kuvame ukubonwa kuhlanganiswe uhla oluhlangene nolwangaphandle olufana kakhulu nenyoka enezinyawo ezimbili ekhuphukayo (i-Elaphe bimaculata).
Endle, kunezinhlobo eziningi zemibala nemidwebo yayo. Isilinganiso sabantu baseRussia ikakhulu senziwe ngombala onsomi futhi omnyama, kanti inani labantu base China liphethwe yimibala ephuzi nebomvu. Izinhlobo zombala obomvu ngokuphelele azivamile, ziyafuneka kakhulu phakathi kwabaqoqi futhi zibiza kakhulu.
Isilwane esifuywayo sihleliswa ukuba sibekhona ezimweni zezulu ezahlukahlukene kanye nasezindaweni zemvelo ezihlukile. Izwa imnandi yomibili egwadule eliwumbala nangamahlathi axubile noma anamahloni. Inani elikhulu kunazo zonke lezinyoka eziphethwe lisabhekwa endaweni ye-steppe.
Ezintabeni, atholakala ezindaweni eziphakeme ezingafika ku-1600 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, imvamisa zihlala ezivandeni, ezivinini nasemasimini atshaliwe. E-Asia, lezi zinyoka zivame ukuvakashela amasimu erayisi.
Incazelo
Lolu hlobo luphawulwa yi-dimorphism ebizwe ngokobulili. Izinsikazi zikhulu futhi zikhulu kakhulu, zikhula ziye kufinyelela kuma-cm angama-125. Ubude obujwayelekile bomzimba wazo buyi-85-100 cm, kuthi kwabesilisa kungabi ngaphezu kuka-70-80 cm.
Abantu abakhulu kakhulu babonwa enyakatho mpumalanga yeChina. Lapho, osayizi bawo berekhodi angama-150-160 cm.
Umbala ovame kakhulu onsundu-onsundu nge-tint nsundu. Imivimbo emide yobude obumnyama igijimisana nomzimba ongenhla, kwezinye izindawo amabala amnyama. Phakathi kwamehlo nentamo kukhona umucu wesikhashana wobumnyama. Ingxenye yesisu somzimba iphuzi noma ibumpunga ngombala obumnyama noma obuthuntu.
Izikali ezinhlangothini zomzimba zibushelelezi, kuthi emuva ingemuva elincanyana futhi kube nama-pores eziqongweni. Ngemuva kokuncibilika, umbala uyaphela, kepha kancane kancane ubuyisela umehluko wawo.
Endle, kukhona amnyama omnyama, obomvu, owolintshi, aluhlaza okotshani nokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okuncane okuvamisile futhi kuncibilike nama-albino.
Isifiso sempilo yiminyaka eyi-18-20, isibalo seminyaka engama-25.
Umuntu oyedwa omdala udinga i-terrarium enesisekelo esingu-100x50 cm nokuphakama okungama-60 cm. Ngokufakwa kwenyoka ngayinye entsha, umthamo wayo ukhuphuka ngo-20%. Uma ungasebenzisa isikhala esengeziwe sokuhlala, khona-ke kufanele usisebenzise.
Lolu hlobo luphawuleka ukuhamba, ngakho-ke isikhala esengeziwe sabamele baso asisoze salimala.
Isigatshana sikakhukhunathi noma ukushelela okuthambile kwezithelo nezihlahla eziqinile kubekwa phansi kwethala. Ukusuka phezulu imbozwe ungqimba lomhlabathi wehlathi. Akunconywa ukusebenzisa isihlabathi, udoti wekati noma ukuxubana kwenhlabathi yezitshalo ezinomanyolo.
Ukwemukelwa kwezinqubo zamanzi, kufakwa isitsha esincanyana esinamanzi ahlanzekile. Ubukhulu bayo kufanele banele ukulingana nenyoka ehlanganiswe indandatho. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kungcono ukusebenzisa izikebhe zobumba ezingashisi zesimo esiyindilinga ezinamacala aqondile avimbele amanzi ekungeneni ngaphansi komhlaba.
Umswakama owedlulele uholela ekubonakala kwesikhunta kanye nezinye izidalwa ezingamagciwane ezibangela izifo ezithathelwanayo ezihuquzelayo.
Qiniseka ukuthi uthola indawo yokukhosela neposi yokuqapha, lapho inyoka izokwazi ukubheka imvelo. Ngalezi zinhloso, amatshe ayizicaba, amagatsha, ama-driftwood, ubumba noma imikhiqizo yepulasitiki kufanelekile.
Ngomhlobiso, ungasebenzisa izitshalo zemvelo noma zokufakelwa. Esimweni sokuqala, ngeke bahlobise ingaphakathi kuphela, kepha bazosiza nokugcina i-microclimate enempilo.
Izinga lokushisa ligcinwa ebangeni le-23 ° -26 ° C, nasendaweni yokuthatha okugeza okushisa okwama-28 ° -30 ° C.
Ngokukhanyisa, kusetshenziswa izibani ze-reptile ze-LED. Uma i-terrarium itholakala eduze kwewindi, khona-ke asikho isidingo sokusebenzisa imisebe ye-ultraviolet.
Inyoka ithola inani elidingakalayo le-vithamini D kusuka ekudleni. Abagibeli abalingisiwe baphekiwe amagundane, ama-hamsters, amagundane amagundane, izinhlobo ezincane zezingoma, izibankwa ezincane, amaqanda ezinyoni namachwane. In the ukungabikho kokudla bukhoma unikeze eqandisiwe, okuyinto Thaw ihora ngaphambi kokudla.
Izinyoka zondliwa kanye ngesonto, kubantu abadala, ngezikhathi ezithile ziba nesiteleka sokulamba izinsuku eziyishumi nane. Bangakwenza ngaphandle kokudla ngisho izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphandle kokulimala kwempilo yabo.
