Konke sekuthuthukile kulolu hlobo lokuzalela - uhlobo olunomusa, ukushesha, amandla afihlekile, ukukhuthazela okumangazayo, amakhono aphakeme wensiza, ukwesaba nesibindi. Konke lokhu kuyi-Doberman.
Wake waphila umthelisi. Ukusebenza, ngokungagwegwesi, akuyona into ehamba phambili. Uhambo oluvama, abakhokhi bentela bethukuthele, ukuthutha imali enkulu - konke lokhu kuhambisana nomsebenzi wakhe.
Ukukhathazeka ngezimpilo zabo nokuphepha kwentela eqoqwe, ngokusobala kwaba umfutho wokuhoxiswa kwenja enolaka. Ukuvikela futhi wakwazi, futhi akudingi ukunakekelwa okuningi, futhi isikhathi sasiza ukuhambisa isikhathi.
Iminyaka yokusebenza ayibanga yize. Ukuphikelela nokuzimisela komfuyi onekhono lokuzifundisa unikeze umphumela wabo. Kwazalwa ngohlobo lwegama lokuqala leToringian Pinscher.
Wawufinyelela umgomo wakhe. Udumo lwezinja ezesabekayo nezomeleleyo zadlulela ngale komuzi omncane waseJalimane i-Apold.
Lokhu kuyamangaza: igama lohlobo lokuzalwa lunikezwa ukuhlonipha umuntu othize uFriedrich Luis Dobermann. Kuyaziwa ukuthi kwakunguye owavimba lolu hlobo lwezinja, kodwa akukacaci ukuthi hlobo luni lwezinhlobo ezithile azisebenzisile. Akukho okufakiwe okusele.
Ngokubukeka, amaDobermans angathathwa ngokuthi igazi lokulwa, ukuzingela, ukwalusa nezinja zenkonzo zigeleza emithanjeni yazo. Izinhlobo zokusolwa ezibandakanyekile kulokhu kukhethwa: Izithsaba zaseGerman, Weimaraner, Rottweiler, Umelusi waseGerman, Kurzhaar ngisho naseGreyhound.
Impela igazi le-hound lingeziwe, njengoba kuboniswa iphunga elihlukile le-Doberman. Umphumela womsebenzi wokuzala wawunenja efanelekile yokuqapha - umlingani ohlanganisa amandla, ingqondo, ukwesaba nokungathembeki.
Umqambi wohlobo lweDoberman akazange aphilele ukubona ukwamukelwa ngokusemthethweni kobungcweti bakhe. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi u-Otto Geler waletha inzalo ekupheleleni. Waqhubeka nokuqondisa umsebenzi wokufuya, kubandakanya nokugxila ekwehliseni ubudlova nokuthakazelelwa kwezinja.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, kwavunwa izinga lokuzalela, elibizwa ngeDoberman Tubei. Kamuva, ngo-1949 igama elithi Pincher lasuswa futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ukuzalaniswa kwalo kubizwa nje ngokuthi iDoberman. E-United States of America, leli gama lisalokhu lifana nanamuhla, lo mzala ubizwa ngokuthi i-Doberman Pinscher.
Ukuzalela kukaDoberman ngokushesha waba nedumela njengohlobo lwensizakalo engenakuqhathaniswa.
Izinja ziyiswe "enkonzweni" kuwo womabili amaphoyisa nasembuthweni. Bazibonakalisile njengezindawo ezinegazi, sibonga okhokho babazingeli. Benze umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu nenkonzo yonogada. Zasetshenziswa njengeziqaphi zomzimba.
Udumo lokuzalela luye lwasakazekela kude kakhulu naseJalimane. Zasetshenziswa emsebenzini cishe wawo wonke amandla omhlaba.
Namuhla ungezwa umbono ophindwe kabili ngalokhu kuzalanisa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi - inja ethukuthele, enolaka, engalawuleki. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inja elalelayo, eyanele, enobungane futhi engesabi ukushiya ingane.
Konke kuncike emfundweni. Vele, lo mzala unesici sokufutheka. Kepha le yinja, okhokho bayo bangabadli, ukuze baphile, baphoqelekile ukukhombisa ulaka. Futhi ekusebenzeni komuntu, kufanele abonise le mfanelo lapho kugada into, bese beyisebenzisela lokhu.
Ama-Dobermans akagcini ngokuba nokubukeka okungahambisani nakho, ahlakaniphile kakhulu. Imveku encane idinga ukukhonjiswa ngokushesha ukuthi ngubani umholi ophakeji, kungenjalo yena uqobo uzothatha indawo yakhe. Abantu abayiziphukuphuku akufanele bathathe inja enjalo, iDoberman izomane ichoboze ubuhlakani.
Incazelo yezimpawu zokuzalela
- Ngaphandle - inja enhle kakhulu enemisipha ekhulunyiwe. Ukuphakama okujwayelekile kwabesilisa kusuka ku-68 kuye kuma-72 cm, isisindo siphezulu sifike ku-45 kg, ukulunywa kuhlale kuphansi: kusuka ku-63 kuya ku-68 cm, enesisindo esingama-35 kg.
- Izindlebe eziphakeme ezisethiwe. Izindlebe nomsila wezinja uyama.
- Isizalo esanele ngokwanele, esijulile, esibonakalayo, esilingana nesishintsho esincane esise mzzle kusuka kulayini wangaphambili.
- Amehlo osayizi abaphakathi osayizi wombala omnyama.
- Isifuba sijulile futhi sibanzi.
- Isisu esishubile.
- Unamandla futhi ubuye emuva.
- Isakhiwo somzimba siyisikwele.
- Amawashi anamandla aqinile kakhulu.
- Ijazi likhulu, lifushane, libushelelezi, ngaphandle kwangaphansi.
Umbala wohlobo lweDoberman uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma omnyama nge-red red. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabala we-tan atholakala ezindaweni ezithile emzimbeni wesilwane. Kepha, izinja zomthunzi we-chocolate zivele zihlangane kaningi. Izinja zomthunzi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okusikhumbuza umbala we-weimaraner ne-albino, akuvamile kakhulu.
Izinja ziphila iminyaka eyi-16. Kukhona imidlwane efinyelela ku-12 noma ngaphezulu kwilitha. Ngokwemvelo, inja imvamisa inobungane, kepha ayibekezeleli abangayazi, ithembela kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, kubanzi, kwi-Doberman akekho noyedwa ngaphandle komndeni wakhe. Uzinikele ngokunganaki enkosini yakhe. Uyakuthanda futhi uyakwazi ukusebenza.
Ukukhulisa umdlwane kufanele kuqale kusenesikhathi. Inja idinga ukuhamba okusebenzayo kakhulu. Sidinga umsebenzi obalulekile womzimba nokuqeqeshwa ekuqeqesheni. Njengamanje, ama-Dobermans asasetshenziswa womabili emabuthweni omhlaba nasezinduneni zamaphoyisa. Benza umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu.
Namuhla, uhlobo lweDoberman ngumsubathi omuhle kakhulu. Imincintiswano yezinja enjenge-agility isithandwa kakhulu. Lokhu kunqoba inkambo yesithiyo. AmaDobermans azibonakalise kulo mdlalo.
Bonke abalimi bomhlaba bavuma ukuthi akusekho ukufuya okugxilwe kakhulu ekuvikelweni komuntu kune-Doberman. Ukuzalela kuyinto yendawo yonke yenkonzo yomuntu.
Kunamahlebezi amaningi nezinganekwane mayelana nezinja zalolu hlobo lokuzalela. Isibonelo, ngeqiniso lokuthi le yinja enolaka kunazo zonke. Lokhu akulona iqiniso. Amahlebezi anjengalawa asatshalaliswa ngabantu abangazi nhlobo ngalolu hlobo lokuzala. Futhi noma iyiphi inja engakhuliswanga kahle ingaba yinja enolaka. Imvamisa, umnikazi uqobo kufanele asolwe ngalokhu.
Doberman unogada omkhulu nonogada ngempela, kepha inja enenhlalo enhle izovikela indawo yayo ngaphandle kokulimaza izivakashi zomnikazi noma ikati elibaleke ngengozi kuyo.
Kuleminyaka eyishumi edlule, abafuyi bakhethe izinja ezizalanisa kuphela nge-psyche ezinzile. Inja ethengwe kubafuyi abanonembeza, abakhuliswe kahle, abaqeqeshelwe kusukela ezinganeni kuya ezinganeni nakwezinye izilwane ezincane bayoba umvikeli onokwethenjelwa nomngane.
Bukela ividiyo yokuthi hlobo luni lwezinja "olubi", shiya okuvelayo kumazwana.
Incazelo yohlobo lweDoberman
Umndeni: Umuzi omkhulu.
Indawo Yemvelaphi: EJalimane
Izici zohlobo: wenza imisebenzi yomgcini, umvikeli.
Isilinganiso sobukhulu besilisa: Ukuphambuka okuphambili kusuka kubukhulu obukhonjisiwe kuzothathwa njengokuphindayo.
Isilinganiso sesilinganiso sowesifazane: 65 cm.
Izindleko ze-Puppy: Intengo iyahlukahluka kusuka kuma-ruble ayi-15 kuye kwangama-40, ngoba ama-rubigree kakhulu angafinyelela kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-70-90.
Amanye amagama: I-Doberman Pinscher.
Izinja ezihlobene nohlobo lweDoberman: Umelusi wase-Anatolian, Inja yaseNtabeni yaseBernese, isibhakela, i-bullmastiff, umgwaqo omkhulu, inja enkulu yaseSwitzerland, inja, izwe elisha, i-rottweiler, i-saint bernard.
Izinzuzo nobunzima
Inzuzo yohlobo:
- Ungesabi.
- Ubukele.
- Abhekile.
- I-Smart.
- Umlindi ophelele.
- Inja inokubukeka okuhle futhi inhle kakhulu.
- Izinwele ezimfishane azibangeli izinkinga ezinkulu ngokushiya kwayo.
Ubunzima:
- Kubanda futhi akunandaba kubo bonke kepha abanikazi.
- Empini cishe njalo kuwina.
- Inja iyasaba isimo sezulu esibandayo; uma sigcinwa ngaphandle, kuyadingeka igumbi elifudumele nelifudumele.
Isilinganiso sokuzala
Amandla
Ukuzivocavoca
Ukudlala
Uthando
Ubungani bezinja
Ubungane bezinye izilwane ezifuywayo
Ubungane kubantu ongabazi
Ukulula kokufunda
Ithuba le-Watchdog
Amandla okuvikela
Ukunakekelwa
Ukubekezelelana okubandayo
Ukubekezelela ukushisa okuphezulu
Izici zokuzala zeDoberman
UDoberman ungumqaphi oqaphile futhi oqinile, yize ethanda ukuntanta ekushiseni eduze kwendawo yomlilo noma i-heater, ukulungele ukunikela ngokuphila kwakhe ngenxa yabanikazi. I-Doberman ibhekwa njengenye yezinja zokuqapha ezihamba phambili futhi zivame ukubhekana nanoma yimuphi umphikisi.
Unokuzikhukhumeza ngandlela thile, ngoba uzoba nomusa nokuma, kepha uthatha umsebenzi wakhe ngokungathi sína futhi angasebenza njengenja yokusesha kahle.
Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zisebenza njengonogada abahle kakhulu:
Lokhu kuzalaniswa kwezinja ngeke kuvikele insimu kuphela, kepha nomnikazi nezihlobo zakhe. Umalusi ubhekwa njengohlobo lwendawo yonke.
Ukuzalwa kwezinja ezinkulu. Lezi zilwane zinamandla futhi zinamandla. Ilungele kakhulu ukuvikela igceke, kepha ngemfundo efanelekile, kuvame ukuba ngumngane womuntu.
U-Alabai uzoba abangani kuphela nalabo abakhombisa inhlonipho nothando ngabo. Lokhu kuzalanisa kuyaphindisela kakhulu futhi akubekezeleli udlame lomzimba.
Ukuzalela kuphapheme futhi kuyanakwa. Ukuzalela kuyalalela, kuyamangalisa. Ukukhulisa umngane onemilenze emine udinga ukubhekana ne-puppy. URottweiler ufisa ubuholi. URottweiler ofundiswe kahle uzoba umvikeli othembekile womnikazi nomndeni wakhe.
Izinja zalokhu kuzala azithandi abantu ongabazi, ziyabathukuthelela. Kumnikazi nakubantu abamzungezile futhi bamphatha ngokunakekela, iMoscow ingaba ngumngane omkhulu.
Abangesabi, noma ngabe basengozini yokufa, basaqhubeka nokuvikela umnikazi nomndeni wakhe.
Ngobukhulu bawo kuphela iSt Bernards ikhuthaza ukwesaba kwabaphangi, kepha, ngaphandle kosayizi, lezi zinja zinenhliziyo enomusa omkhulu. Baziwa ngokwethembeka kwabo okungenamkhawulo nothando. Unomlingiswa obekezelayo. Inja ayisebenzi kakhulu, elungele abantu abadala futhi ehlala efulethini.
Lokhu kuzalaniswa akubekezeleli ukushisa futhi kuvame ukushaqeka ngokushisayo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi iSt Bernard kumele yamukelwe njengelungu lomndeni.
Uhlobo olufunda ngokushesha okukhulu. I-Fidelity Dobermans igoqa ngaphezulu. Uma umniniyo esithanda kakhulu isilwane sakhe, akufanele akhathazeke ngobuqotho bezinja.
Ama-Doberman anobuhlobo obuhle nabantu, kepha phatha ongabazi ngokuqapha. Ungabekezeleli isizungu. Ngenxa yokuzwa kwabo, azivikeli nje kuphela, kodwa futhi zibona izimo eziyingozi.
Noma ngabe yini abayithandayo, zonke izinja ngaphandle kwesidingo ukuthanda nokuhlonipha .
Ukuze uqale ukhulise izilwane kudingeka uqale kusukela esemncane ukuze uvikele isimo lapho isilwane esikuhola singumnikazi. Lokhu kungaholela ezimweni ezingezinhle nezingozi. Inja kuwumthwalo wemfanelo, kepha umngani othembekile nonogada omuhle kakhulu.
Doberman unogada omuhle
Ngineminyaka eyi-Doberman engu-4, usemncane kakhulu, indodakazi yami yayimfuna ngempela iDoberman, wayengunkosikazi wakhe, kepha manje useyofunda kwelinye idolobha. Inja yethu yahlala nami. Sithole i-Dobermanchik eneminyaka engu-1 ubudala, sikhubazekile ngokuphelele, hhayi lutho oluphathelene nemiyalo ethi “hlala, uqambe amanga, eduze kwami”. Kepha izimfanelo zangaphakathi zomqaphi zikhona. muva nje ngize ngasosebeni lomfula ngizophumula, ngilala ngethawula, ngakho-ke inja yami encane yayihambahamba endaweni engaba amamitha angama-3-4 futhi angizange ngivumele muntu ukungena, ngikhule buthule lapho abantu abangabazi besondela, ngivele ngilale. Akekho owafundisa lokhu. iqiniso lihleli ekhaya lodwa ngisesemsebenzini, kepha alichithi lutho, ngiseyingane, lonakalisa umnyango, ngoba angikwazi ukuhlala ngedwa, bebengazazi nezinkinga ngethoyilethi, ngokusobala ngoba besimhambisa kwelinye idolobha ngemoto, kwathi lapho nje ephonsa futhi ephenduka sasimisa samkhiphela ngaphandle komgwaqo, lapho efika wacela ukuhamba ngaphandle, izinyanga eziyisithupha zokuqala kwakunzima ebusuku sukuma uphumele ngaphandle kaningi, isikhathi siyanda. kepha akukaze kube khona "indlela" noma "pis". uthembeke kakhulu kubanikazi, kepha kukhona futhi nokungahambi kahle enjeni yethu
1. uma omunye umuntu ezama, ngaphandle kwemvume yakho, ukufaka insimu yakho, i-doggie yethu ezolile ngaphandle kwesixwayiso umba nje ngokungenela. Kulokhu, ngiqala ukwethula umuntu omusha, bese ngiletha inja futhi ngikhombise umuntu, u-Artusha sniffs, khona-ke uzothandana nomuntu omusha futhi aziphathe njengekati. kukhulu kuphela
2 emgwaqweni, akahlaseli abantu, kuphela uma lo muntu engayivimbi indlela yami futhi engazinisi izandla zakhe, ezama ukungilimaza, kufanele alawule amaqembu ngaso sonke isikhathi, elandela imiyalo ka-Artusha enganaki ezinye izinja noma amakati noma abantu. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uphele okungenani okuncane kufanele uhambe ngaphandle kwedolobha uye emasimini
3saba kakhulu ukushayela imoto, akukho okusizayo, futhi kufanele ugibele inja esikhunjeni
konke lokho, ngangesaba kakhulu lokhu kuzalaniswa, kepha kuze kube manje ngijabule kakhulu, angizukukhonkotha, umvikeli kusukela ekuzalweni ngaphandle kokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile.
kwakukhona icala lapho ngingena egumbini, ngibopha inja emnyango wesizungu, ngakho-ke wethula umuntu wasemzini. kodwa angimvumelanga ukuthi abuyele emuva ngaze ngaqala ukukhonkotha, yize le ndoda izamile ukuyikhahlela futhi yamshaya (ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yathola ukuthi inja yayinobuhlungu becala) yaziphonsa ayizange
Ikhadi lokuzala
- Amagama aziwa ngokuzalanisa: I-Dobermann Pinscher, iTiningian Pincher, iDobermann
- Inombolo yohlobo lwe-FCI: 143
- Okujwayelekile kuwebhusayithi ye-FCI: isixhumanisi
- Ukukhula kubuna: abesilisa - kuze kufike ku-72 cm, abesifazane - ukuya kuma-68 cm
- Isisindo senja yabantu abadala: abesilisa - kuze kufike ku-45 kg, ukulunywa - kuze kufike ku-35 kg
- Izinketho zombala: mnyama noma nsundu nge-tan
- Isikhathi sokuphila: kuze kube iminyaka eyi-12-16
- Izindleko ze-Puppy: kusuka kuma-250 kuya kwangama-750 amadola
- Ubukhulu: 4 kwezingu-5
- Ukufundeka: Abahlanu kwabayisihlanu
- Isimo sengqondo ngasezinganeni: Abahlanu kwabayisihlanu
- Ukuqina kwe-Molting: 2 kwezingu-5
- Izici zokuvikela nezokubuka: Abahlanu kwabayisihlanu
Izici zokuzala
Igama loqobo lokuzalwa yi Izikhonkwane zeToringian . Ngegama lombuso wobumbano eJalimane, lapho lithathwe khona. Kamuva - Doberman Pinscher. Namuhla, la magama awasetshenziswa, ngoba aphelile. Izinhlobo ezizalwayo zathola igama laso lesimanje ngegama lomzala wokuqala.
I-FCI zohlobo olujwayelekile: Cha. 143
Izinga lokuzalela le-Doberman lisho isilwane esiqinile nesilukhuni, somzimba omncane, esinokuma okuziqhenyayo, izinwele ezimfushane ezibushelelezi nokusebenza kahle. Kuyamangaza ukuthi okujwayelekile kushintshe kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ekuqaleni, lezi zinja zazinezici eziningi zama-Rottweilers asindayo futhi asindayo. Kepha izintandokazi zobuhle zashintsha, futhi kancane kancane bathola lokho kubukeka okuhle, okubonakalayo esikwaziyo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ubuhlakani bezilwane bekulokhu kunakwa kakhulu.
I-Doberman yisinqumo esihle uma udinga umngani othembekile ngempela, onobuhlakani, hhayi inja yokudlala.
Umsuka, umlando, indalo
Inja Doberman njengohlobo lokuzalwa lwakhiwa eJalimane ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX. Kepha yabe ibizwa ngokuthi yi-tiningi yeTiningian, ngemuva kwegama laleyo ndawo iTuringia, lapho uFrederick Louis Dobermann ahlanganyela khona ngokuzalaniswa kwayo.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukwakheka kohlobo lokuzalela kuyivelakamuva, ulwazi oluqondile mayelana nemvelaphi yokuzalaniswa. Imininingwane mayelana nenqubo yokuzalaniswa nguDoberman ayibhaliswanga ndawo, ngakho-ke umlando wenja ususelwa ekuqageleni nasekufana kwayo nezinye izinhlobo zohlobo oluthile.
Umqondo wokuletha inja yenkonzo efanelekile weza kuDoberman lapho yena, esebenza njengephoyisa lasebusuku kanye nomthelisi, wabona ukuthi akuyena nohlobo olulodwa olwanelisa izidingo zakhe. Waphupha inja eqinile, ehlakaniphile, eqaphile yokuphakama okuphakathi nezinwele ezibushelelezi.
UFryrich Louis Doberman wayejwayelekile emibukisweni yezinja, lapho ayefuna khona izilwane ezingaba ukuqala kohlobo lwamaphupho akhe. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuqala, izinja ezingabelusi ezinjengezinja ezingabelusi - amadlozi amaBeaucerons, ama-Old German Pinschers, izinja ezinjengamaqhugwane - amadlozi ama-Rottweilers, asetshenziswa ukuwela. Kepha lolu akulona uhlu lonke. Abaphenyi bafaka iGreat Dane, i-mastiff yesiNgisi, i-Pointer, iGreyyhound, iGordon Setter. Impikiswano yokuthi ngubani ukhokho wohlobo oluhle oluqinile ayimisi kuze kube manje.
I-Doberman ingukugxila kwezimfanelo ezinhle ezikhona kokuzalela okuningi:
- umbala nobude be-hairline kungenzeka babuye beza kuye ngesithando sezinwele ezibushelelezi,
- i-pentotype nomlingiswa wokulwa - okuvela kuRottweiler,
- izimfanelo zokwelusa - kusuka ezinjeni zomalusi,
- uthando lokuzingela nokuqamba luvela ekuzingeleni izinhlobo.
Igama lokuqala lohlobo ngo-1894 lashintshwa laba yi- “Doberman Pinscher,” futhi maphakathi nekhulu lama-20 inguqulo yokugcina ye-Doberman yaqashelwa ngokusemthethweni.
Usayizi wokuzala, isisindo nokuphakama
I-Doberman ingabhekwa njengendikimba ejwayelekile yenja yomzimba ojwayelekile. Ngobukhulu obuphakathi, obumfishane, obunemisipha eveziwe, echazwe kahle, ngokuziqhenya itshala ikhanda lakhe entanyeni ende. Lezi zilwane ezinokubukeka kwazo ziveza ukwakheka okuhle komzimba, ukushesha nokuqapha.
Okujwayelekile kuthatha ukuthi emadodeni ukuphakama kwabuna kusuka ku-68 kuye kuma-72 cm, emantombazaneni - ukusuka ku-63 kuye ku-68. Isisindo singama-40-45 futhi cishe singama-32- 35 kwabesilisa nakulume, ngokulandelana. Ukwakhiwa kungamaphakathi.
Imibala engaba khona
Ekuqaleni, umbala wamaDobermans bekufanele ube munye kuphela - omnyama nge-tan. Kepha namuhla, okujwayelekile kufaka izinhlobo ezine zemibala.
Imibala ejwayelekile ye-Doberman:
- Blue Doberman nge-tan
Ukuhlukahluka okufana: Doberman albino (Doberman omhlophe) kungenzeka.
Isisindo se-puppy yanyanga zonke
Izinyane likhula ngokushesha. Ekupheleni kwenyanga, isisindo somfana sicishe sifinyelela kumakhilogremu amane.
- ezinyangeni ezi-2 - ama-8.7 kg.
- at 3 izinyanga - 14 kg.
- ezinyangeni ezi-4 - ngo-18,5 kg.
- ezinyangeni ezi-5 - ama-22,5 kg.
- at 6 izinyanga - 26 kg.
- ezinyangeni eziyisikhombisa - 27.8 kg.
- ezinyangeni eziyi-8 - 29,5 kg.
- at 9 izinyanga - 31.2 kg.
- ngezinyanga eziyi-10 - kg.
- ezinyangeni eziyi-11 - ama-34 kg.
- AmaDobermans anonyaka owodwa athola ama-35 kg.
Amabhentshi mancane ngokwengeziwe. Ngenyanga yokuqala, isisindo sabo kufanele kube ngu-3.5 kg. Kamuva, zikhula kancane kancane kunabafana, futhi inja enonyaka owodwa inesisindo esingama-29-30 kg.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Esikhathini esiningi, abamele lokhu kuzalaniswa bahlala ezimweni ezinhle iminyaka eyi-12, ama-long-livers - 15. Kepha okuningi kuncike kwifa lesilwane kanye nezimo zokuboshwa.
Kunombono wokuthi wonke amaDobermans ngaphandle kokunye ahlushwa yizifo zenhliziyo futhi awaphili isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka engama-8-9. Lokhu akulungile ngokuphelele. Ukondliwa okufanele, ukunakekelwa okuhle kanye nokuzivocavoca umzimba okujwayelekile kungukuvimbela noma yisiphi isifo futhi kuqinisekise impilo ende yesilwane sakho.
Umlando wokuzala
Izinhlobo zivela ngokusemthethweni ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, eJalimane. Umfuyi wokuqala kwakunguKarl Friedrich Louis Dobermann, ongowokuzalwa eThuringia. Umfuyi akazange aqophe ngokubhala umlando wemvelaphi yezinhlobonhlobo. Ngakho-ke, manje singasho nje ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezabamba iqhaza ekuzalweni kweTipingian Pincher.
UFryrich Dobermann ubesebenza njengomthelisi, esebenza emaphoyiseni. Futhi kusobala ukuthi izimfanelo ayefuna ukuzibona enkulumeni esebenza kahle kuye kwakuwubuhlakani, ukukhuthazela, ukuqaphela, ukukhuthazela kanye namakhono amahle okuvikela. Waqala umsebenzi ngokuzikhandla ekwandiseni uhlobo olusha ngo-1880.
Ngemuva kwekushona kwemzala wekucala, umcondzisi weTiningian wanikwa ligama lakhe. Manje yayibizwa ngokuthi iDoberman Pinscher.
Kunomqondo wokuthi izinja ezinjengeDobermans sezivele zikhona ngo-1880, kepha zazaziwa kancane ngaphandle kweThuringia. Kunoma ikuphi, kwakunguKarl Dobermann owamisa futhi wakhazimulisa lo mzalo, ebeka kuzo zonke lezo zimfanelo ezihlukile ezihlukanisa lezi zinja ezihlotsheni zazo.
U-Otto Geller uthathe umjaho wokukhetha izinhlobo. Igalelo lakhe elikhulu ekusebenzeni kwezilwane ezifuywayo kungukushintsha kwesimilo sabo. Ekuqaleni enolaka futhi inonya - Ama-Dobermans-izikhonkwane aqala ukuzola futhi alalela. Ngenkathi ugcina amandla aphezulu okuqeqesha, isibindi nokuzinikela. Ngenxa yalezi zimfanelo, ukuzalaniswa kwalesi sigaba kuye kwaba okuthandwa kakhulu eJalimane.
Ngo-Agasti 27, 1899, lo mhlambi waqashelwa njengesemthethweni futhi neklabhu yasedolobheni labathandi balezi zilwane yavulwa, okwathi ngonyaka kamuva yaba yizwe. Ngo-1949, i-Doberman yayingasabhekwa njenge-pincher, futhi kwaqanjwa igama lanamuhla ngemuva kwayo.
Isimilo
UDoberman uhlukaniswa ubuhlakani obuphakeme nokuzinikela okungenamkhawulo enkosini yakhe, ekhaya nomndeni, futhi ungumvikeli omkhulu. Lezi yizilwane ezinomsindo futhi ezinamandla.
Lezi zilwane zihlangana nezingane nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo. Isakhiwo esinqabile somlingiswa waso ukusungulwa okucacile kwemingcele "yomngane noma yesitha". Umbuthano "wabangane" umncane kakhulu, futhi inja izoqaphela noma yimuphi umuntu ongaziwa ohlangothini, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuqaphela kwabo umzuzwana. Ukubonakaliswa okuncane kakhulu kobudlova "ongaziwa" - ne-Doberman izophuthuma ekuzivikeleni.
Isilwane esinjalo akufanele siqalwe uma ungaqiniseki ngezimpawu zakho zokuphatha, ezinamandla. Izilwane ziyafuna. Bahlala bezama ukujabulisa umnikazi, kepha badinga ukulawulwa ngesandla esiqinile. Ngasikhathi sinye, amaDobermans alindele inhlonipho, ukunakwa, ukwethenjwa ngumuntu wawo. Njengomthetho, izinja zesilisa zinenkani kakhulu futhi zithambekele emizameni yokubusa kunamantombazane.
Ukufundeka
I-Doberman yakhuliswa njengenja yenkonzo, ukuze amandla okufunda abekwe kuzalo ekuqaleni. Onobuhlakani futhi anqumayo, ngokuphendula okusheshayo, lezi zinja zimane zenzelwe ukuqeqeshwa.
Amandla aphezulu avumela izinja ukuba zifunde amaqembu amasha kaningi kusukela esimisweni sokuqala sokuqeqeshwa. Ukuqashelwa kwamakhono obuhlakani kungabizwa ngokomzimba kudingekile ku-Doberman, ngaphandle kwalapho aphuthelwa, umlingiswa wakhe uyawohloka.
Ikhono lokufunda elihle kakhulu likuvumela ukuba ubakhonze kulokho kukhethekile, okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu kuwe. Inja ingaba ngumqaphi omkhulu, kanye nenja yenkonzo kanye nelungu lomndeni.
Isimo sengqondo ngasezinganeni
UDoberman, ngokuqeqeshwa okufanele nemfundo, uyinja enhle yomndeni. Unogada omkhulu futhi odlala naye ezinganeni (kusobala, sisho izingane ezindala). UDoberman nengane bazoba abangane abakhulu.
Inja futhi ilungele imindeni enezingane - ukuthembeka kwayo okungenamkhawulo "kwiphakethe" layo ngeke kuvume ukulimaza ingane. Kepha - lesi silwane kumele sifunde, siqeqeshe futhi sizwe isandla senkosi esinokuqiniseka, ukunakwa kanye nokuhlonishwa kwamalungu omndeni. Uma ungeke ukwazi ukunikeza isilwane ukunakwa esikudingayo, kungcono ukulinda ukuze usixazulule ekhaya.
Izici zokuvikela nezokubuka
Lesi silwane singunogada ozelwe. Ukwethembeka okungenamkhawulo, ubuhlakani, ukusabela okusheshayo kombani nokungasabi kumvumela ukuba ahlole ngokushesha leso simo futhi athathe isinyathelo. Le nja ihlala ikulungele ukuvikela nokuvikela “umhlambi” wayo kanye nensimu yawo. Lezi zimfanelo zithuthukiswa ngokukhethekile ngamabhuthi.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abamele lokhu kuzalanisa okumangalisayo futhi bahlaziye kahle ukuthinta, ukunyakaza, imisindo - cishe imicabango yabantu.
Bayakwazi ukubona usongo futhi baphakamise i-alamu. Kucace bha kubo umqondo wokuthi noma yimuphi umuntu ongeyena owomndeni angaba yisitha. Ngakho-ke, amaDobermans aqapha wonke umuntu ovela endlini yakhe, umbuthano wokuxhumana kwabanikazi, futhi abakulungele ukuphendula kunoma yikuphi ukubonakaliswa kwesongo
Esimweni sethu sezulu, kungcono ukugcina isilwane esine-shorthair, kunjalo, endlini. Okokuhamba emakhazeni, angadinga izingubo.
I-Doberman efulethini ngeke idale ukushaya izandla, uma nje ukusebenza komzimba kutholakala ngokwanele ngesikhathi sokuhamba. Kepha, ngeqiniso, akufanele ushiye lezi zinja zodwa isikhathi eside futhi ungasebenzi - kusuka ekuthini unesizungu kanye nesidingo sokunyakaza, zingadala izinkinga ekunakekelweni kwasekhaya.
Isidingo somsebenzi womzimba
Ama-dobermans asebenzayo kakhulu. Isidingo sokuhamba - okungenani kabili ngosuku, futhi okungenani ihora. Ngokuvamile, lapho uhamba, udlala futhi ugijime kaningi, ulinganisa futhi kube lula ukufundisa umlingiswa wesilo. Ama-dobermans akufanele abe nesithukuthezi.
I-Doberman ngeke ibeke engcupheni ifenisha nezinto zasekhaya, ngenkathi iqinisekisa ukusebenza okwanele kwansuku zonke komzimba.
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, i-bitch idinga ukuhamba isikhathi eside - cishe kabili. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kufanele kubalwe ngokuya ngenhlala kahle yesilwane sakho esifuywayo. Kuyadingeka ukunciphisa imithwalo esindayo, kepha ukuhamba nokukhanya okuncane kuyadingeka ukuze akhule ngokujwayelekile. Okufanayo kuyasebenza nakuma-lactating bitches, noma kuwona, ukuhamba isikhathi eside akubalulekile kangako - umama uzolangazelela imidlwane. Kungcono kuye ukuthi anciphise isikhathi sokuhamba, andise inani labo.
Umsoco
Okokuqala, udinga ukuhlela indawo ehlala njalo yokudla. Izitsha ezimbili ze-enameled noma ze-nickel, esinye sazo (njalo!) Siqukethe amanzi. Izitsha zibekwe esitobhini - lokhu kuqinisekisa ukukhula okuqondile komgogodla, ukuma, imisipha yentamo. Ukuphakama kwezinja njengoba inja ikhula.
Izingane zidliswa izikhathi ezi-6 ngosuku izinyanga ezifika kwezingu-2, bese inyanga nenyanga inani lokuphakelayo lehlile, kuthi lapho sezizinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili, ukudla kube yisikhathi sesibili. Ingxenye kufanele idliwe engxenyeni yehora - akufanelekile ukuphuza ngokweqile lezi zinja ezithambile nezihambayo. Ungayondla kanjani i-Doberman ngumbuzo olula - isisekelo sokudla kuyiprotheni. Inyama - okungenani ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yenani. Kungcono ukunika inyama eluhlaza ebunjiwe, eyisike izingcezu ezincane. Okunye okubaluleke kakhulu ushizi wekhishi, okusanhlamvu, imifino (mhlawumbe futhi eluhlaza), inhlanzi ebilisiwe. Ukuze ukhule futhi uhlanze amazinyo, kuyadingeka amathambo - i-cartilage noma ushukela, kepha hhayi i-tubular.
Ukungezwani komzimba kokudla kungenzeka, okubonakala njengokuqubuka esitsheni. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuvamisile ukuthi kube njalo futhi kuvame ukuthi kubhekiselwe kwimikhiqizo “yendabuko” efana nezithelo zezithelo.
Izifo ezijwayelekile zalokhu kuzalanisa
Empilweni yenja, ifa nokunakekelwa okufanele nokugcinwa kubaluleke kakhulu.
Izifo ezivame kakhulu ze-Dobermans:
- i-dysplasia ye-hip,
- ukungena kwamathumbu
- i-elbow dysplasia,
- i-cardiomyopathy enwetshiwe,
- ukucindezelwa kwe-vertebrae yomlomo wesibeletho,
- melanoma
- i-hypothyroidism
- isifo sikaWillebrand
- lipoma
- cutaneous histiocytoma,
- ikati
- i-fibrosarcoma
- entropy
- ukulahlekelwa izinwele
- isifo sikashukela mellitus
- isifo sokusha kwesibindi.
Ukuthenga imveku
Izindleko zemidlwane yaseDoberman zisukela kumadola angama-250 kuya kwangama-750. Ngaphandle kwephakheji ephelele yemibhalo, ungayithenga ngezandla zakho ngemali encane, kepha iphakeme ingozi yokuthola isilwane esingahlanjulwanga esinomlingiswa ongalindeleki, okuzoholela ebunzimeni ekukhuliseni umdlwana weDoberman.
Lapho uthenga umdlwane, unaka kakhulu ukuqonda kwakhe, isimo sempilo yabazali, ukugula kwabo. Kunamathuba amaningi okudluliselwa kwezifo ezithile nokuthambekela kokuzithola njengefa.
Ubunzima kanye nezici zokuzalela
Ukubekwa kwezindlebe zikaDoberman kuyinqubo ebaluleke kakhulu futhi eyinkimbinkimbi empilweni yenja nomnikazi wayo, kule nkathi ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela kweDoberman kuzodingeka, izindlebe ezingalungisiwe noma ezingavunyelwe kuholele ekutheni ngokuzayo kungenzeka ukuthi konakalise ukubukeka konke kwenja. Ukwenza impilo yakho ibe lula, kungcono ukuphendukela kumuntu okhethekile ozokusiza ngombuzo wokuthi ungazifaka kanjani izindlebe zikaDoberman nasekuthengeni ifreyimu yezindlebe, isilungiselelo esifanayo esifanele futhi uchaze ukuthi izindlebe kufanele zisebenze kanjani esikhathini sokusebenza.
Isifo
Izifo ze-Dobermans zidalwa ukungabi bikho kofuzo. Inja enempilo ingaphila iminyaka eyi-16. Umsebenzi womnikazi ukuletha isilwane njalo kudokotela wezilwane. Inja ingatholakala ukuthi ine:
- Allergy uthuli, impova, okungadala nezilonda esikhunjeni.
- Izifo zesistimu yenhliziyo: tachycardia, arrhythmia, ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo, isifo senhliziyo. Uma inja inenkinga yokuphefumula, izinkinga zokulinganisela kuze kufike ekuweni lapho zihamba, khona-ke kufanele uyikhombise kudokotela wezilwane, lokhu kungaba yizimpawu zesifo senhliziyo.
- Izifo ezenzekile. Phakathi kwabo - isisu siphatheke kabiisimilo sazo zonke izinja ezinamabele abanzi. Ukudla okungenamsoco kungadala inkinga. Uma lokhu kugula kwenzeka, khona-ke i-Doberman iqala ukuziphatha ngokuthuthumela, iyaqhakaza futhi ihexe, ukuhlanza, izinhlungu esiswini.
- I-Narcolepsy okuhambisana nokuphazamiseka kokulala, ukwehla kwezwi lomsipha ngemuva kokuhamba okusebenzayo noma imidlalo yangaphandle.
Ukunakekelwa nokugcinwa
Lapho kuvela i-Doberman encane endlini, ukunakekela imveku kuthatha isikhathi esiningi nomnikazi kanye namalungu omndeni. Uma kunezingane ezincane endlini, kufanele zisuswe kumdlwana ukuze zingamlimazi. Ngisho nabantu abadala kumele baphakamise iDoberman, hhayi ngesandla esisodwa, kodwa ngababili: ngaphansi kwesifuba nangemuva kwemilenze yangemuva. Lokhu kuzomvikela ekuweni ngengozi.
Njengoba ikhulele endaweni engajwayelekile, ihlukaniswe nonina, imveku izokhala ubusuku nobusuku. Ochwepheshe beluleka ngisho noma besesimweni esinjalo ukuthi bamyise embhedeni, ngoba lapho-ke kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukukhala kulokhu. Kukhona indlela yokuphuma kulesisimo: Kuyadingeka ukubeka ibhodlela lamanzi ashisayo eligoqwe ngengubo yoboya kusuka kumphetho womntwana. Lesi sigaxa esifudumele sizokhumbuza uDoberman ngemfudumalo kanina.
Inja ilungele kahle ukugcinwa efulethini nasendlini, futhi naphezu kwenkonzo "eyenziwayo" eyedlule kokhokho, i-Doberman iyinja ebambisene kahle kakhulu.
Ukuzinakekela kwabadala Doberman kudinga elula. Inja enezinwele ezimfushane idinga ukunqotshwa kanye ngesonto ibhulashi elikhethekile noma i-mitt yerabha ukuze isuse izinwele ezifile. Izinja kufanele zigezwe njalo ezinyangeni ezi-3, zome ngokuphelele izinwele zazo ngethawula.
Izinqubo ezihlanzekile zokuhlanzeka zifaka ukunqunywa, ukuhlola, ukuxubha izindlebe, amehlo namazinyo. Izindlebe nomsila uvame ukuvame kakhulu kumaDobermans, okwenza kube lula ukunakekela.
UDoberman udinga umsebenzi omkhulu womzimba. Ukuhamba kancane akusikho kuye, kuphela imidlalo yangaphandle, ukuqeqeshwa okwanelisa isidingo sakhe sokunyakaza. Inja iyasaba isithwathwa esinzima nokushisa ngokweqile. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi inja, ikakhulukazi esemncane, ayilali phansi kubanda olubandayo. Uma i-Doberman igcinwa endaweni yezindiza, khona-ke kufanele kube semthunzini. Ukuhamba ekushiseni okwedlulele kufanele futhi kukhishwe ngaphandle.
Ukuba ngumzali nokuqeqeshwa
Ukukhulisa i-Doberman inqubo ebhekene necala okufanele ixhunyaniswe kakhulu nenhlalo yezenhlalo. Kusukela ukuvela kwembungwana endlini, udinga ukumethula ngokungaguquki kumalungu omndeni, izivakashi, abantu ongabazi. Inja kufanele ikwazi ukuxhumana nezinye izilwane nezinja ngenkathi ihamba. Umnikazi weDoberman kufanele amethule ezimeni ezihlukile, isibonelo, ezokuthutha zomphakathi, isixuku sabantu. Ngaleyo ndlela inja ifunda ngayo ukuxhumana nabanye ngomoya ophansi, ingakhombisi ulaka kubo.
AmaDobermans anengqondo ethuthukiswe kakhulu, ngakho-ke kulula ukufundisa nokuqeqesha. Ekukhulumisaneni nenja, isijeziso, ulaka, nentukuthelo azikwazi ukusetshenziswa, ngoba zingahlukanisa isilwane kumnikazi waso futhi zenze kube nzima ukuzethemba.
Kubanikazi abangenalwazi, ukuqeqeshwa izinja kungaba nzima, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuguqukela ekusizeni kochwepheshe, ngoba amaphutha emfundweni angaholela enja engalawuleki, enolaka ibonakala endlini, eyingozi kwabanye.
Ngohlobo lweDoberman, ukuqeqeshwa kuyadingeka ukuze kusizakale. Ukuba yinja yokusizakala, ejwayele ukwenza imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi ndawonye nomuntu, udinga ukuphathwa okunekhono nokuqondisa komnikazi wayo oqinile, onegunya.
Ochwepheshe banikeza imithetho eminingana ezokuvumela ukukhulisa inja endaweni efanele:
- Uma i-Doberman elala isendaweni eseduze kombhede we-master, khona-ke lokhu kuyamangalisa. Lokhu kuzosondeza umnikazi nesilwane, kepha akumele umngene embhedeni noma kusofa.
- Awukwazi ukondla inja etafuleni, lokhu kuzoholela ekwakhekeni komkhuba omubi. Kunento eyodwa eyengeziwe: inja kufanele isabele ngokuzolile ukuthi umniniyo angathatha isitsha sokudla nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
- Emfundweni ye-Doberman, ukulandelana kubalulekile. Onke amalungu omndeni kufanele alandele imithetho efanayo nezidingo zokuziphatha kwenja. "Izindinganiso eziphindwe kabili" zingalimaza isimilo sesilwane.
Ezandleni zomnikazi onolwazi, i-Doberman iqeqeshiwe kakhulu, ngoba inomqondo ophilayo nokusabela okusheshayo.
Izingane
Amachwane eDoberman ayatholakala ngokuthengiswa kusuka ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5 noma ezi-2,5, ngokuya ngemithetho eyemukelwe kwi-kennel. Esimweni sokuqala, zonke izinkinga ngokubamba izindlebe nokunakekelwa kwangemva kokuhlinzwa ziwela kumnikazi omusha. Kufanele wazi ukuthi ukumisa akuyona inqubo eyisibopho, ngoba indinganiso entsha ibheka izindlebe ezinde nomsila njengento evamile. Kepha isikhathi sokukhumbula isikhathi, umsila nezindlebe ezifinqiwe zinika ukubukeka kwenja umusa okhethekile.
Lapho uthenga iminyane, unaka ukubukeka kwayo nokuziphatha kwayo. UDoberman omncane kufanele asebenze, enobubi. Inomzimba ocishe ube sikwele, intamo echazwe kahle, isilevu nesihlakala esinemihlathi ebanzi, amehlo amnyama, izindindana ezibanzi neziyindilinga.
Ezinsukwini zokuqala akumele ushiye umdlwane yedwa, kungaba ingcindezi enkulu kuye. Yithathe enkulisa ngaphambi kwempelasonto - uphelele. Inja izosondelana nomnikazi omusha izinsuku eziningana, ivumelane nezimo ezintsha ngaphansi kokugadwa kwayo. Ukuze i-Doberman puppy ingabhajwa, kufanele uthathe okuthile kusuka enkulisa ngephunga likanina.
Impilo yengqondo yengane iyisihluthulelo sokuziphatha okuhle nomlingiswa omuhle kakhulu. Ukuze inja ikhule ngokulingana, kubalulekile ukuqala inhlalo yayo ngokushesha okukhulu. Imveku kufanele ivame ukuthintana nabantu abasha nezilwane, izithole isezimweni ezingejwayelekile. Abaphenyi beDobermann baphawula ukuthi amasonto okuqala ayi-5 okuqala kokukhula kwezingane kakhulu, kungalesi sikhathi lapho kubekwa khona isisekelo somlingiswa. Uma umuntu engaxhumana nomdlwane ngalesi sikhathi, inja iyoba ubugwala futhi inamahloni ngokuzayo, futhi ukulungiswa kokuziphatha kanye nomlingisi kuzoba nzima kakhulu.
Ibiza malini i-doberman? Izindleko zemidlwane zincike kusigaba sazo, inqubomgomo yenani le-kennel nendawo yokuhlala yalowo ozalisayo. Ngokwesimemezelo sangasese, ungathenga i-Doberman ngokwesilinganiso ngama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-8, yiqiniso, akunakuphikwa ukuthi kukhona ukutholakala kwamadokhumenti kumdlwana.
Naphezu kwenani elikhulu lezinkulisa nokuthandwa kohlobo lweDoberman, intengo iphakeme impela. Uma uthatha isinqumo sokuthenga i-puppy ngayo yonke imibhalo edingekayo, kuzodingeka ugxile kumathegi entengo kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-15 kuye kwangama-50.
Izinja zesigaba sezilwane ezifuywayo, azivunyelwe ukuzalaniswa, ngasizathu simbe sokungabi nalo ithuba lokuzibandakanya emibonisweni, kubiza kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-15 kuye kwangama-23.
Abamele isigaba se-brid, esibikezelwe ngokuzalaniswa nokukhangisa ngekusasa, sibiza kusuka kuma-ruble ayi-24 kuye kwangama-35. Isigaba sombukiso singathengwa ngentengo yama-ruble angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-35.
Hlangana nohlobo lweDoberman, izithombe zazo ezethulwe kugalari engenhla. Akukho sithombe esisodwa senja esingaphumeleli. Kunjengokungathi uDoberman wayefunde ubuciko bokuposa impilo yakhe yonke, ngoba kuzo zonke izithombe ubukeka emuhle, ehloniphekile futhi ebukekayo.
E-Russia, i-Doberman yayithandwa kakhulu kuma-20- 40s, yayisetshenziswa njengonogada, ukudiliza, isapper, ukuphinda uhlanganyele, kanye ne-paratrooper. Kancane kancane, inja yalahlekelwa yisikhundla sayo kuMelusi waseJalimane, futhi konke ngenxa yokuthi izwe lalingenabo abaphathi bezinja abenele abaqeqeshayo lo hlobo oluyingqayizivele.
Encwadini yeGuinness Book of Record, akagcinanga eGreyyhound, eSt Bernard, eHusky, mastiff waseTibetan, e-Afghan Hound, kodwa kwaqhamuka noDoberman. Uthathwa njengendawo enhle kakhulu yegazi, ngoba inja egama linguSauer yaseNingizimu Afrika ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 yakwazi ukulandelela isela, yize ibanga eliyi-160 km.