I-Fish hexamitosis yisifo esidlulisa umzimba. Ezilwaneni ze-aquarium, ukulimala kwamathumbu kanye nesinye senyongo kuqala, futhi ukubukeka kwabo kuyashintsha. On ukwakheka ulcerative umzimba kwakheka, kuze kube ukubukeka izimbobo. Ngakho-ke, elinye igama le-hexamitosis enhlanzini yisifo esithi "hole".
Izici zesifo
Inhlanzi i-hexamitosis enamanzi ejwayelekile ikhula lapho ingena esitsheni, futhi kamuva emzimbeni wefulegeate yesilwane. I-parasite iyisidalwa esino-unicellular, ubukhulu baso buyi-millimeter kuphela, kepha ekwazi ukuthelela izitho zangaphakathi zezilwane.
Amagciwane anda ngokuhlukana, futhi lokhu kwenzeka noma kungasebenzi.
I-flagellate ishiya umzimba ngemikhiqizo yedoti. Ngenxa yalokho, izinhlanzi ezisele ziyatheleleka. Ngakho-ke, ukusakazeka kwe-hexamitosis ku-aquarium ejwayelekile kuyashesha.
Bukela ividiyo mayelana nezinketho zokwelashwa zalesi sifo.
Kungani amagciwane aqala?
Abathandi abaningi bamachibi okufakelwa bayavuma ukuthi lesi sifo esikwi-aquarium sivela ngenxa yokunganakekelwa kahle kwetangi nezilwane.
Bakholelwa ukuthi izici ezilandelayo zingaba imbangela yalesi sifo:
- ukusetshenziswa kokuphakelwa kwekhwalithi engathandekayo noma impilo yeshelufu ephelelwe yisikhathi,
- ukondliwa okungafanele: ukuzitika ngokweqile noma ukuzila ukudla njalo,
- kwehle ukungatheleleki ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamavithamini namaminerali abalulekile.
Abaphenyi bavumelana nama-amateurs ukuthi lezi zinto zithonya ukukhula kwesifo. Kepha banesiqiniseko sokuthi bangama-catalysts kuphela, futhi izizathu eziyinhloko zentuthuko yayo yilezi:
- inhlabathi esezingeni eliphansi
- ukudla okubi
- amanzi
- izitshalo eziphilayo.
Lapho ese-aquarium, i-flagellate ayisebenzisi ngokushesha. Ulinda kuze kube yilapho izimo eziphezulu zentuthuko yazo zakhiwa ethangini. Emva kwalokho, iqala ukwanda, ngalesi sikhathi, inhlanzi i-hexamitosis izibonakalisa nazo zonke izimpawu zayo. Uma ukwelashwa kwe-hexamitosis kungaqalwa ngesikhathi, izinhlanzi ezithelelekile zizokufa.
Izimpawu zesifo
Izimpawu ze-fish hexamitosis yilezi:
- Izimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo zibonakaliswa ukuntuleka kwesifiso sokudla nokufafaza ngaphandle kokudla, ngaphandle kokugwinya. Uma ungakunaki lokhu futhi ungaqali ukwelashwa, inhlanzi izoyeka ukudla ngokuphelele, okuzoholela ekunciphiseni nasekufeni kwezilwane. Ama-aquarists amaningi akholelwa ukuthi ukuntuleka kokudla ezinhlanzini kuvela ngenxa yohlobo lokudla olungazilungele. Zama ukuyifaka enye inhlobo, uchithe isikhathi esiyigugu.
- Ungaqonda ngalesi sifo ngokukhishwa okusobala kombala omhlophe. Zivela ngenxa yokwenqaba kwe-epithelium ethintekile, eshiya umzimba wezilwane.
- Isifo senhlanzi i-aquarium sibuye sifakazelwe ngokukhishwa kwezicucu zokudla okungaphanjwanga.
- Izilwane ezithelelekile ziqala ukugwema bonke abanye abahlali base-aquarium, zithanda izindawo ezivalekile.
- I-Fish hexamitosis ibonakala ngokushintsha kombala, iba mnyama. Umugqa ogeleza eduze komzimba futhi ongabonakali ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile uye ucace futhi uvezwe kakhudlwana. Kuthatha umbala omhlophe.
- Isimo somzimba wezilwane siyashintsha futhi, isisu siba ngumugqa, ukoma emuva. Kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, isisu sivuvukala ngokuhlukile.
- Umzimba wale nhlanzi umbozwe izilonda, ziholela ekwakhekeni kwezimbobo okuvela kuzo uketshezi olugelezayo.
Ukwelashwa nge-Hexamitosis
Ngokushesha futhi kuvame kakhulu kunabanye, ama-cichlid ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, i-gourami, kanye nabanye abamele amatshe we-labyrinth bayathinteka. Ezinye izinhlobo zine-flagella emizimbeni yazo, kepha azikhombisi zimpawu zokugula, noma kunjalo, zithwala.
Ngezibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo, ukwelashwa kwenhlanzi ngokushesha kufanele kuqale. Into yokuqala okufanele yenziwe ukutshala izilwane ezinokushintsha kombala kanye nombala. Kuthangi elijwayelekile, uchungechunge lwezindlela zokuvimbela kufanele zithathwe ukuvikela ukutheleleka kwabantu abasele.
Bheka inkambo yokwelashwa kwe-hexamitosis ene-metronidazole.
Ukwelashwa okwengeziwe kwe-hexamitosis kufaka lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Ukwelapha izilwane, kufanele ushintshe umbuso wokushisa. Kulokhu, amazinga okushisa akhuphuka aze afike kuma-35 degrees, kodwa ngesimo sokuthi izinhlobo zezilwane zingaphila emanzini anjalo.
- Enye indlela yokwelapha izinhlanzi ze-aquarium ukwelashwa ngemithi ene-metronidazole. Umuthi ulwa ngempumelelo nezimpawu zesifo, kanti awunamphumela ongemuhle, ngoba awukho umphumela we-metronidazole ku-aquarium microclimate. Ingafakwa emanzini ngaphandle kokuyenga inhlanzi ethelelekile. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ungasifaka isidakamizwa esingakanani. Bheka lomthamo olandelayo: 250 mg metronidazole nge-35 amalitha we-fluid. Faka iTrichopolum izinsuku ezintathu. Qiniseka ukuthi ubuyisela ikota yenani eliphelele lamanzi ngalesi sikhathi. Kamuva, i-15% ithathelwa indawo zonke ezinye izinsuku.
- Ungabona imiphumela yokuqala yokwelashwa ngeTrichopolum ngesonto. Kepha uma ngalesi sikhathi izinhlanzi ziqala ukulahlekelwa ngumdla wazo, i-metronidazole kufanele ikhanseliwe. Ngomthelela omuhle, inkambo ephelele yokwelashwa ingamaviki amabili, ngakho-ke i-metronidazole ingezwa emanzini ngisho nezimpawu ezisobala zokululama.
- Ezitolo zezilwane, ungathenga imishanguzo eyenziwe ngomumo ehloselwe ukwelashwa kanye nokuvinjezelwa kwezilwane ze-aquarium ezinambuzaneni. Azithinti i-microclimate yedamu, ngenkathi zisiza ukubuyisela impilo yezinhlanzi.
Izindlela zokuvimbela
Ukuvimbela izinhlanzi eziphulukisiwe ukuba zingaphinde zihlaselwe yi-flagellate, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuthibela. Izici ezicasulayo zalesi sifo ukunakekelwa okungekuhle kwethangi nenhlanzi, ngakho-ke amaphuzu alandelayo kufanele acatshangwe:
- gcina uhlelo lwemvelo ethangini ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele,
- ngezikhathi ezithile engeza kumalungiselelo okuphakelayo aqukethe i-furazolidone. Banomphumela omuhle empilweni yezinhlanzi.
- Sebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuphakelayo,
- ungazidli ngokweqile izilwane
- engeza imikhiqizo yeFishtamin noma esebenzayo emanzini,
- qapha izinga lama-nitrate ethangini.
I-Hexamitosis ibangela ukulimala okungenakulungiswa ekugayweni kwezinhlanzi. Ezimweni eziningi, akunakwenzeka ukuba ubasindise. Izincomo ezilula zokwelashwa nokuvimbela zizosiza ukuvikela umphumela odabukisayo.
Izimpawu
Ngokutheleleka kwalesi sifo, i-hexamitosis ithinta kakhulu ukugaya. Ukudla kuyayeka ukumunwa kahle, izinhlanzi zingenawo umsoco, amavithamini kanye namaminerali, bese kuthi ukuqala komzimba kuqale phansi.
Lesi sifo kulula ukusibona ngogwayi: ukugeleza kuba sobala-mucous, okumhlophe kanye nefilatera (epithelium yamathumbu kuxutshaniswe nabo), noma kuphume nokudla okungathinteki. Kuba kubi, bese isifiso sokudla sinyamalala ngokuphelele. Inhlanzi ingabamba izingcezu zokudla, yenze ukunyakaza kokuhlafuna futhi ikukhafule. Ngendlela, lokhu yikho kanye okwenze kwaba nomqondo we-moody eater discus, okusolakala ukuthi, kunzima ukujabulisa ngokudla. Empeleni, ukuziphatha okunjalo kuvame kakhulu kwiziguli - kanti ama-discus discs, futhi ngokuvamile ama-cicholic, athambekele kakhulu kulesi sifo - inhlanzi enempilo idla kahle.
Isisu singavuvukala kancane, kepha lesi akusona isigaba esiphoqelekile. Iningi lezinhlanzi, zidlula lapho, ziqala ukunciphisa isisindo, ukuzingela, izisu zazo zidonswa ngaphakathi. Umbala ubumnyama, izindlela zokuziphatha ziyashintsha: inhlanzi izama ukuba yodwa.
Ukuqala kwesikhumba kuqala - ukuguguleka kwesimo sezilonda ze-holey zam diameter ehlukene, lapho kuphuma uketshezi olumhlophe. Imvamisa, ukuguguleka kuvela ekhanda noma eceleni. Emakhilikini, lesi sigaba senzeka ngokushesha okukhulu. “Izimbobo” ekhanda nasemzimbeni wama-cichlid abukeka ngenye indlela ephilile kuwuphawu lwesifo esake sangelashwa, esanciphisa ijubane, kepha asizange sisuke ngokuphelele. Eenhlanzini ezelatshwayo kuze kube sekupheleni, izilonda ziyaphola ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Izici zesifo
I-Hexamitosis ivela ngenxa yokufakwa kwe-unicellular parasite flagellum Hexamita salmonis (Octomitus trutae), noma i-matumbo flagellum, emzimbeni wezinhlanzi. Ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu, i-parasite inefomu elimise okwehla, ubude balo bufika kuma-micrometer ayi-12 (10 - ³ millimeter), linamaphara ama-4 we-flagella. Lesi sidluli siphindaphindeka ngokuhlukaniswa, ngisho nasesimweni esingasebenzi sakwazi ukwakha ama-cysts ngaphakathi kwamathumbu kanye nesinye inyongo. Ama-parasites aphuma ezinhlanzini kanye nemikhiqizo yedoti, eyingozi kakhulu kuwo wonke umuntu ohlala e-aquarium ejwayelekile.
I-hexamitosis ibonakala ngokucacile enhlanzini ze-salmon, kepha azithinti ikhanda kanye nomugqa wekhumba lesikhumba. Abasengozini enkulu kunazo zonke kulesi sifo ama-cichlid aseMelika kanye nase-Afrika, i-gourami, i-laliuse kanye ne-labyrinths. Ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zingatheleleka ngokuhlasela, kepha zithwala kuphela, futhi ziqale ukulimala ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.
Izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingama-Viviparous, ezinjenge-bots, ama-guppies, kanye nabamele abomndeni wakwaCarp (ama-koi carps, ama-golffish) bangaba abathwali balesi sifo. Ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlobo, izisulu zesimungulu zingaba yi-neon, macrognatuses, catfish, eels, pimelodusy, mastazembeli. Imiphumela yalesi sifo ibonakala kakhulu ngesimo sokuguguleka kanye nezilonda ekhanda kanye nesiqu.
Kukholelwa ukuthi i-hexamitosis ibangela izimo ezingafanele zokugcina inhlanzi, amaphutha ekudleni (ukulamba, ukudliwa ngokweqile, ukudla okungafanele noma okonakele), ukuntuleka kwamavithamini, okwenza buthaka amasosha omzimba. Eqinisweni, lezi zinto ziyafana, kepha hhayi imbangela yalesi sifo. Izici ze-pathogen zizikhulumela zona - izimo zangaphandle ziyayicunula kuphela, kepha akunakubangela.
I-Hexamita salmonis (Hexamita salmonis) ingena emzimbeni wezinhlanzi kanye nokudla okungcolile, amanzi angcolile, inhlabathi engcolisiwe kanye nolwelwe - izithwali zezilula. I-flagellar unicellular parasitates ezinhlanzini, futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile iqala ukwanda ngokuzikhandla, ngenxa yokuthi lesi sifo siziveza, sidlulela esigabeni esibi. Isigaba sokugcina kungaholela ekufeni kwesilwane sasolwandle e-aquarium. Ngeshwa, lesi sifo sivela sekwephuze kakhulu. Ngokweminye imibiko, uhlobo lwe-hexa oluhlaselayo lukhona cishe kuzo zonke izinhlanzi, kanti i-Fry nezinhlanzi ezincane zisendaweni eyingozi enkulu kunazo zonke.
Bheka uphondo lwezimbali olungenwe yi-hexamitosis.
Izinhlanzi ezazinokugula okubizwa nge- “hexamitosis” azisahlushwa yizo. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kwaphumelela, kwasetshenziswa izidakamizwa ezisezingeni eliphakeme, futhi amasosha omzimba afunda ukukhiqiza amasosha omzimba. Ingozi ye-hexes ukuthi izimuncagazi ze-pathogenic zikhula ngokushesha emathunjini ezinhlanzi, zenze ukubekezela okuqhubekayo - ama-cysts. Lapho i-cyst iphuma nodoti, u-Hexamita flagella ungena ngokushesha kwezinye izinhlanzi ngamanzi, okudala ubhubhane ngaphakathi kwe-aquarium.
Kuyini i-hexamitosis?
I-Hexamitosis inamagama amaningi - i-spironucleosis, i-octomitosis noma i- "hole hole".
Umenzeli we-causative yi-pargeite emathunjini emathunjini. Kungenxa yezenzo zaso ezakha umzimba kanye nezinqolobane emzimbeni wezinhlanzi. Kuthinta izinhlanzi zazo zonke izinhlobo nezinhlobo. Ngaphezu kwabanye, i-perch-like (discus), i-cichlids (i-astronotus, i-angelfish), i-guppy ne-labyrinth fish (cockerels) zithambekele kuyo.
I-flagellum incane kaningana kunama-ciliates, ngakho-ke ayikwazi ukubonwa ngamehlo. Isibonakhulu kuphela esizokwazi ukusihlola. I-parasite iphindaphindeka ngokuhlukaniswa, futhi isibalo saso sikhuphuka kakhulu. Lapho i-parasite ingasebenzi, yakha ama-cysts ayivikela emvelweni. Zenzeka emathunjini esilwane esinegciwane, bese kuthi okunewundhu kungena ku-aquarium, kuveze bonke abanye bakhona ukungenwa yileli gciwane. Lawa ma-microorganisms alungile kakhulu. Ngemuva kokuphuma komzimba, zinamathisela engilazini, isitshalo, inhlabathi, noma izinto zokuhlobisa, futhi zikhona lapho zize zingene kwesinye isidalwa sokudla ngokudla noma ngama-gill.
Izimbangela zesifo
Njengomthetho, uma umnikazi enakekela i-aquarium yakhe nezilwane ezifuywayo, ehlinzeka ngokudla okunempilo nokuhlanzeka, izinhlanzi azicindezelwa futhi azivame ukuthinteka yisifo. Noma ngabe i-flagellum isizoba semzimbeni wesilwane esifuywayo, amasosha omzimba awavumeli ukwanda.
I-Hexamitosis kunzima ukuyinquma ngesikhathi sokuqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu. Ekuqaleni, lesi sifo asizivezi.
Imvamisa, i-parasite ingena e-aquarium ngenhlanzi entsha, ukudla okuphilayo, inhlabathi, izitshalo noma ukuhlobisa okuvela kwenye i-aquarium. Isimo esiyinhloko sokuhlukaniswa kwayo okuphumelelayo izinga lokushisa lamanzi elingeqi ama-degree Celsius angama-33.
Izimbangela eziphambili zesifo sembobo zifaka okulandelayo:
1. Amanzi angcolile. Ukuntuleka kokuhlunga nokuthanjiswa,
Ukuntuleka kokudla
3. Okuphakelayo kweMonotonous,
4. Ukushintshwa okubukhali kokuphakelayo,
6. Inani elikhulu lezinhlanzi ngevolumu encane,
7. Amapharamitha amanzi angafanele.
Izidakamizwa zokwelashwa
Okwamanje, kunohlu lwemithi ongayiqeda ngempumelelo i-hexamitosis. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
1. Ukwelashwa kwe-hexamitosis nge-metronidazole ku-aquarium ejwayelekile. I-ejenti ye-antiprotozoal engathinti imvelo nokusabalalisa kwezinto eziphilayo. Ingasetshenziswa esitsheni esijwayelekile ngaphandle kokubangela ukusabela okuphambene. Umthamo odingekayo wesidakamizwa ungama-250 mg nge-35 amalitha. Umuthi usetshenziswa kanye ngosuku izinsuku ezintathu. Ngaphambi kokuthathwa kokuqala, kuyadingeka ukufaka amanzi ingxenye yesine; zonke izinsuku ezilandelayo, ukufakwa esikhundleni se-15% kwanele. Uma uqaphela ukuthi iphango lezinhlanzi selonakalisiwe noma lingakaveli, ukwelashwa kufanele kumiswe. Isikhathi esincane sokwelashwa yisonto. Ukuze uqede ngokuphelele isidlakudla, kuzothatha cishe amasonto amabili isifundo. Endabeni yokusebenzisa amanzi okugeza ngomuthi, kuzothatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-7,
2. I-Furazolidone. Kusetshenziswa ngokubambisana ne-tetracycline noma i-kanamycin. Isixazululo silungiswa ngesilinganiso sama-50 mg we-furazolidone nge-10 l yamanzi, kanye ne-1 g kananycin ngama-25 l wevolumu noma ama-250 mg we-tetracycline ngama-50 l amanzi. Ukwakheka kufakwa kanye ngosuku ngemuva kokubuyisela ikota yamanzi. Phinda inqubo uze ubone intuthuko,
3. I-Ciprofloxacin nokulungiswa kwamanzi. Silungiselela ukwakheka ngesilinganiso se-500 mg ye-ciprofloxacin nge-50 l yamanzi. Siletha kanye ne-ZMF HEXA-ex (umuthi ovela eTetra, okuhloswe ngawo ukwelashwa i-hexamitosis, spironucleosis, njll.), Ngokuya ngemiyalo,
4. Kungenzeka futhi ukusebenzisa i-kanamycin (1 g yesidakamizwa ngamalitha ama-35 amanzi) kanye ne-FURAN-2. Amakhompiyutha afakwa ezitsheni ezahlukile, kepha afakwa ku-aquarium ejwayelekile ndawonye,
5. I-Ofloxacin. Kusetshenziswe esikhundleni se-ciprofloxacin. I-200 mg nge-40 l isetshenziswa ndawonye ne-furazolidone (60 mg nge-40 l), i-metronidazole (500 mg nge-40 l) nosawoti we-iodized (40 g nge-40 l). Kuzo zonke izinto ezisetshenziswayo, kulungiselelwe ukwakheka, bese kuthululelwa jig ubusuku. Ngosuku olulandelayo, kudingeka esikhundleni se-80% samanzi, futhi ingxenye entsha yamalungiselelo, kodwa esivele ingenawo usawoti. Ukwelashwa kwenziwa izinsuku ezintathu,
6. Ukulungiselela okhethekile ukwelashwa kwe-hexamitosis nezifo ezifanayo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izidakamizwa eziningi ezivela eTetra, uSera kanye ne-Ihtiovit yasekhaya.
Inkambo yokwelashwa
Njengoba ezimweni eziningi i-hexamitosis ikwazi ukusabalalisa kuyo yonke i-aquarium, akunangqondo ukutshala inhlanzi eyodwa enegciwane. Kuzofanele uhlukanise wonke umuntu ngaphandle kokukhetha. Akunakusho ukuthi kufanele usebenzise amanzi ethangini elivamile ukugcwalisa sedimentator. Kuzodingeka ukulungiselela ivolumu edingekayo ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Amanzi kufanele ahambisane nemingcele yesilinganiso sesamba. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ushintsho kwimvelo luzodala ingcindezi enhlanzini, ezothuthukisa lesi sifo kuphela.
Okukhethwa kukho okuhle kokuqala ukwelashwa kuzobe kukhulisa izinga lokushisa libe ngama-33- degrees Celsius. IFlagellate ayimelani nokushisa okunje.Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingaphila kulezo zimo, ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokushisa, kufanele ufunde mayelana nezinga lokushisa lokuzala ngakunye ku-aquarium.
Ngaphezu kokunyusa izinga lokushisa, kuzodingeka usebenzise izidakamizwa ezikhethekile ze-aqua eziklanyelwe ngqo ukuqeda isifo esinjenge-hexamitosis noma umuthi. Umuthi ngamunye uhambisana nemiyalo enomthamo ofanele nendlela yokwelashwa. Ngokuqondene nezidakamizwa ezenza amakhemikhali, ukusetshenziswa kwazo nemithamo yazo kuchazwe ngenhla.
Gcina imithamo ngokuqinile futhi ungayikhuphi, noma ngabe kubonakala kuwe ukuthi ukwelashwa akusizi. Umuthi omkhulu wemithi ungabulala inhlanzi noma udale ukulimala kwama-gill nolwelwesi lwama-mucous.
Ungazama futhi ukondla izilwane zakho ezifuywayo ukudla okwelapha okuzosheshisa inqubo yokwelapha futhi kuqede amathuba wezimpawu ezisalelayo. Uzodinga ukudla okwomile kuma granules, angenawo ama-acid amaningi emanzini. Ukuze uthole isipuni sokudla, thatha amaphilisi ayi-0.5 e-metronidazole. Ngemuva kwalokho izimbotshana zokudla nethebulethi zingumhlabathi ngokucophelela ukuxuba umuthi ekuphakeleni. Okulandelayo, kufakwa amanzi okwehla kancanyana ukumanzisa okuphakelayo. Udinga ukuma ngesikhathi lapho amanzi evela phansi, futhi uyeka ukumunwa. Sidlulisela okuphakelayo emuva embizeni bese sishiya ukuvuvukala. Ingagcinwa esiqandisini cishe izinsuku ezi-2. Akudingeki ukondle izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-1-2 ngosuku.
Ngaphezu kwe-metronidazole, i-kanamycin (nge-100 mg yokudla okungu-1 g komuthi), i-doxycycline (20 mg), i-levamisole (12 mg) ne-furazolidone (12 mg) iyasetshenziswa.
Lapho usuthisa ukudla okwelashwa, udinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela ukuthi umzimba kanye nenqubo yokugaya yezinhlanzi ibhekana kanjani nakho. Uma kunokukhathazeka, ukwenqatshwa kokudla noma ukudla kunggaywa nhlobo, umbono kufanele ushiywe isikhathi esithile. Ngemuva kwesonto, ungazama futhi, kepha unciphise ukucwaswa ngesigamu.
Ividiyo: Ukwelashwa kwe-hexamitosis nge-metronidazole, inkambo ephelele yokwelashwa
Ukuvimbela
Ukuvikela izilwane ezifuywayo kulezi zinkinga zempilo, kwanele ukugcina le mithetho elandelayo:
1. Ngemuva kokondla ngakunye, susa izinsalela zokudla nemfucuza kusuka phansi usebenzisa i-siphon,
2. Ukuhlunga nokusiza kufanele kusebenze njalo,
3. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlanzi ezintsha nokubulala amagciwane izitshalo, inhlabathi nokudla okuphilayo,
4. Ukuqapha isimo samanzi, yenza izivivinyo ezijwayelekile zama-nitrate nama-phosphates,
5. I-Hexamitosis kufanele ilashwe kuphela ngemithi elwa ne-antiprotozoal, ngoba ama-antibacterial agents angahle angathinti i-parasite. Khumbula ukuthi kulula ukuvikela isifo kunokuselapha.
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Isilinganiso esimaphakathi 5 / 5. Ukubalwa kwamavoti: 19
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Imininingwane ejwayelekile ngalesi sifo
Lesi yisifo esibuthakathaka esithinta amathumbu ezakhamizi zezindawo zokugcina izingcezu, kanye nesinye sezinyongo zazo. Ukuyichaza kulula: Izimbobo, izilonda nemikhondo yosayizi abahlukahlukene ivela emzimbeni wezilwane ezifuywayo. Ebantwini, lesi sifo sibizwa ngokuthi isifo esenziwe ngefreyimu.
I-Spironucleosis iba khona lapho izimuncagazi ze-flagellate zingena emzimbeni wezinhlanzi. I-parasite ibhekisa kwifomu elifana ne-unicellular drop-like. Abamele abakhulu kakhulu balinganisa nama-micromillimeter ayi-12. UFlagella ukhona emzimbeni wakhe, yingakho igama lakhe lahamba. Izimuncagazi ziyanda ngokwahlukana, noma zisesimweni esingasebenzi.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi i-flagellate ikhishwe kanye nemikhiqizo ebalulekile yezinhlanzi, futhi lokhu kubeka engcupheni enkulu izakhamizi ezingathinteki.
Kuyini i-hexamitosis
Lokhu kugula kubhekisa ezifweni ezihlaselayo zenhlanzi e-aquarium futhi kuthinta isimangalo nenyongo namathumbu. Ngaphandle, kulula ukunquma ngezilonda, izimbobo kanye nama-grooves asayizi ahlukahlukene, yingakho lesi sifo sibizwa nangokuthi "umgodi".
I-hexamitosis e-aquarium iba ngenxa yokufakwa kwengcindezi yamathumbu ye-flagellate, enesakhiwo se-unicellular, emzimbeni wezinhlanzi. Ukwakheka komzimba wakhe ngokubukeka kwawo kufana nethonsi. Inani layo elikhulu libalelwa ku-12 mmmm. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umzimba wakhe ufakwe ngababili abaningana be-flagella, yingakho, eqinisweni, walithola igama lakhe. Ukuphinda kukhiqizwe isidalwa esinjalo kwenzeka ngokuhlukana. Kuyafaneleka ikakhulukazi ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwayo kwenzeke noma kungasebenzi.
Ukwelapha ngokwandisa izinga lokushisa kwamanzi e-aquarium
Indlela elula kakhulu, futhi ephumelelayo uma unenhlanhla nohlobo lwamagciwane angenwe yizinhlanzi. Amagciwane amaningi wamathumbu abangela i-hexamitosis awabekezeleli amazinga okushisa aphezulu. Bangabhujiswa ngokwanda kwamazinga okushisa kwamanzi afinyelela kuma-34 degrees. Ukwanda kokushisa kufanele kube bushelelezi - kungabi ngaphezu kwama-3-4 degrees ngosuku. Ngaso leso sikhathi, qiniseka ukuthi izilwane ezifuywayo zine-oxygen eyanele, zandisa i-aquarium. Izitshalo ngalesi sikhathi zingcono ukuzikhipha echibini elingaphakathi endlini - azithandi amanzi afudumele anjalo.
Ngeshwa, ukuphatha ama-cichlid ase-Afrika, le ndlela ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa.
Ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa
Ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi nezithuthukile, umuthi uyadingeka. Izidakamizwa ze-bactericidal azinakuletha umphumela ofiselekayo, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ama-antibiotic. Ukulwa nezifo zembobo ezinhlanzini ze-aquarium, i-antiron metronidazole isetshenziswa kabanzi Kuphephile ukulinganisela kwe-bio - ayizilimazi izitshalo nezihlungi ze-bio. Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kokufaka engozini yonke uhlelo lwamanzi, engeza umuthi esitsheni esikhulu.
I-Metronidazole ichithwa ngengxenye engama-250 mg. kuma-34- litre wamanzi. Izinsuku ezintathu zokuqala, i-metronidazole iphathwa nsuku zonke, kuyilapho ikota yemthamo yamanzi ithathelwa indawo. Bese kuthi - njalo ngosuku lwesibili, ngenkathi umthamo wamanzi osuswe esikhundleni unqanyuliwe.
Ngesikhathi sokulashwa nge-metronidazole, qaphela isimo senhlanzi - okungenani isibonakaliso sokuwohloka, inqubo kufanele imiswe. Ngisho nokuwohloka okuncane kwesifiso sokudla kuwuphawu lokuthi kuwe, i-metronidazole ayisebenzi.
Imvamisa, imiphumela emihle ivele isivele ngeviki lokuqala lokusetshenziswa kwe-metronidazole yezidakamizwa, kepha noma ngabe intuthuko ibaluleke kakhulu, akufanele uyeke inqubo. Ukuqeda ngokuphelele i-parasite, okungenani inkambo yezinsuku eziyishumi yokusebenzisa i-anti-metronidazole iyadingeka. Kafushane nje inkambo yokwazisa umuthi ingadala ukwanda kokumelana kwalesi sifo, okuzoba okungalapheki.
Ukwethulwa kwe-drug metronidazole ku-aquarium kuhlangene kahle nokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa, le ndlela isebenza kahle kakhulu ezinhlanzini ezi-labyrinth kanye nama-cichlids aseNingizimu Melika.
Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, izinhlanzi eziqinile, ezindala, ikakhulukazi ama-cichlid, ukugcotshwa kwezidakamizwa kungandiswa: 250 mg. (Ithebhulethi) ngamalitha ayi-15. Umthamo wamanzi otshintshiwe uphindwe kabili.
I-Metronidazole ingahlanganiswa ngempumelelo neminye imithi. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa okuhlangene ne-ciprofloxacin kunikeza imiphumela emihle. I-antibiotic ciprofloxacin yethulwa ekugxilweni kwamacwecwe ama-2 ngamalitha amanzi angama-50-55, asetshenziswa ngasikhathi sinye ne-metronidazole. Umthamo ophelele usetshenziselwa izinsuku ezintathu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlushwa kuncipha ngesigamu.
Ukwelashwa kokutheleleka kwesibili
Ngokuphikisana nesizinda se-hexamitosis, esenza buthaka kakhulu umzimba wezilwane ezifuywayo e-aquarium, izifo zesibili, izifo ezingabikhona. Nakhu amalungiselelo abo we-bactericidal alusizo, okukhona kuwo amaningi kakhulu phakathi kwezidakamizwa ezikhethekile "zezinhlanzi".
Ukwelapha izifo zesibili ezenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda sethonya le-parasite, iBactopur isetshenzisiwe (njenge-ejenti ye-bactericidal). Njengekhambi eliyinhloko lesifo semgodi, alisebenzi.
I-Antipar, okuthi, ngokusho kwabaningi abafikayo e-aquarium, umuthi owedlula yonke indawo, ayisebenzi ngalutho ngesifo se-holey. Iqiniso ngukuthi izinto ezakha umuthi we-antipar zelashelwa izitho zangasese zangaphandle. Akusebenzi ngokulwa namagciwane angaphakathi. Kepha ukwelashwa kwezifo ezingahle zikhule ezinhlanzini ezibuthakathaka yilesi sifo kungenzeka nakho, kulokhu kungenzeka ukuthi i-antipar isebenziseke.
Usizo Lezidakamizwa ku-Recluse
Ejele, amathangi ahlukaniswe endaweni yokugcina enkulu lapho kugcinwa khona izinhlanzi ezigulayo, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezifanayo njengase-aquarium ejwayelekile. Kepha futhi kulo muthi kunganikezwa izinhlanzi ngokudla. Uma isifiso sokudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo singakashayi ngokuphelele, khona-ke lokhu kuzonyusa ukusebenza kwezinqubo ezisebenzayo.
Ukudla kufakwe kuso isixazululo somuthi (imithamo iyefana ne-aquarium) isigamu sehora.
Imiphumela engaba khona yokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa
Inani elikhulu lezidakamizwa lingadala i-toxicosis. Izimpawu:
- ukulahleka kwesifiso
- ikhuphuka
- ukunyakaza okufiphele, okukhohlakala,
- ushintsho ekunyakazeni kokuphefumula (okusheshayo noma okunzima).
Uma ubona lezi zimpawu, umthamo kufanele unqanyulwe, ushintsho lwamanzi kufanele luphindwe kabili, futhi ukwelashwa kufanele kuqhubeke ngezingxenye zomuthi ezincishisiwe.
Izindlela zokwelapha
Uma ufuna ukwelapha izinhlanzi ezigulayo endaweni eyi-aquarium esehlukile, lapho-ke lonke inani labantu be-aquarium, ikakhulukazi esimweni sama-cichlids, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuthibela. Lokhu kusho ukwethulwa komthamo wezidakamizwa uhhafu ngosuku.
Ngemuva kokubuyisa inhlanzi etholakele ethangini elikhulu, i-prophylaxis yezidakamizwa kufanele iqhubeke elinye isonto noma izinsuku eziyishumi.
Izinhlanzi, ezibuthakathaka kakhulu futhi zithintekile ngesikhathi sokugula, ngisho nangemva kokululama, ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, kufanelekile ukuphinda isifundo. Okungenani ngesimo sokukhishwa kokudla ngomuthi.
I-hexamitosis engeyona eyejwayelekile izovela futhi
Ungasatshiswa ukwelashwa isikhathi eside futhi okunzima, inani lezinqubo nezidakamizwa ezinamandla ongadinga ukuzisebenzisa. Kodwa isifo se-hole-hole akusona lapho kufanele ukhethe phakathi kokulimala kusuka kulesi sifo kanye nemiphumela engaba khona yokusebenzisa umuthi. Kule ukutheleleka, inhlanzi iyafa, ifa kabuhlungu, futhi ithelele abanye ngasikhathi sinye.
Uma izinhlanzi zingaphathwa kahle, lesi sifo singase sibande, “silele” isikhashana. Kodwa noma ngabe isesimweni “sokulala” futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele kunazo zonke ku-aquarium, kuzobangela ukungathandeki kwakho kwezilwane ezifuywayo, futhi kuzoba nakho ukutheleleka. Noma yimuphi umbandela ongemuhle: ushintsho kokuphakelayo, ukumiswa kancane kwamanzi, ukwehla kwamazinga okushisa - futhi kuzophuma ukuqubuka okusha, lapho kuzoba nzima ngokwengeziwe ukusindisa inhlanzi.
I-Hexamitosis yisifo esibi kakhulu, lapho kukhona khona ingozi ebangelwa yizidakamizwa nokwelashwa okuhlala isikhathi eside, akusabukeki njengokuqhaqhazeka njengobhubhane olusha, olukhulu kanye nokufa kwezilwane ezifuywayo.
Ngubani ovame ukubonakaliswa
I-Hexamitosis yaziveza, njengomthetho, kaningi kakhulu ezinhlanzini ze-salmon. Kulesi simo, izilonda ziyavela ezinhlangothini nasekhanda lesilwane.
Ezinye izinhlobo zingathwala lesi sifo.
Lesi sifo sibeka ingozi enkulu kubameli abalandelayo be-aquarium:
Ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zingatheleleka kuphela ngendlela engahlaseli. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, bangabathwali kuphela. Isifo sawo sinokuhlasela kuphela uma izimo ezidingekayo zokukhula kwawo zakhiwa e-aquarium.
Abathwali balesi sifo yilezi: umndeni wama-cyprinid (umhlanga, isiliva carp, ibhulamu, inamehlo amhlophe, i-roach, i-roach, i-barbel nabanye), i-bots yomndeni we-loach, ama-guppies. Okuncane okungenzeka kube yisisulu sama-flagellates ku-catfish, eels, neons, pimelodus kanye ne-macronagnatus. Isifo sawo sinqunywa ngokubonakala kwezilonda emzimbeni noma ekhanda.
Ukwelashwa e-aquarium ejwayelekile
Ezinhlanzini e-aquarium ejwayelekile, i-hexamitosis iphathwa ngezindlela eziningana. Kuyafakazelwa ukuthi lesi sifo cishe njalo sihambisana nokutheleleka ngegciwane. Yingakho ukusetshenziswa kwe-metronidazole kuholela emiphumeleni emihle kakhulu.
Lesi sidakamizwa siyasebenza impela, ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ezifaka kuso azilimazi i-OS, ngakho-ke ama-aquarists ajwayele ukusikhetha. Isebenza ngokuhlukaniswa kanye nayo yonke i-aquarium. Umthamo omkhulu wesidakamizwa ngu-125 mg ngamalitha ayi-17 amanzi. Ukwelashwa kwenziwa izinsuku ezintathu, kanti kudingekile ukushintsha nsuku zonke ¼ kwamanzi endaweni yokugcina amanzi. Amabhati asetshenziselwa i-prophylaxis kanye ezinsukwini eziyi-7.
Okokuqala, izilwane ezifuywayo ezigulayo zitshalwa kabusha, okusho ukuthi, zihlala zodwa, ngaphandle kwalokho lesi sifo sizomboza yonke i-aquarium. Amanzi kufanele afinyelele amanani aphezulu avumelekile, inani elifanelekile lika + 35 ° C lingahle. Ukugxuma okushisa kungabulala izinambuzane eziningi. Kodwa-ke, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi akuzona zonke izinhlanzi ezingamelana nalokushisa. Isibonelo, ama-cichlid awaphathwa ngale ndlela.
Ngaphezu kwe-metronidazole, ezinye izidakamizwa ziyasetshenziswa, ukukhethwa okuningi kwako kuvezwa kunoma yisiphi isitolo sezilwane ezifuywayo. Kepha ngaphambi kokuzisebenzisa, kungcono ukubonana nomthengisi onolwazi. Izidakamizwa ezaziwa kakhulu: Ichthyovit Kormaktiv, tetra medica hexaex ne-zmf hexa-ex. Umphumela omuhle kakhulu utholakala ngokuqhuba ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi. Musa ukuphatha izilwane ezifuywayo ngomuthi owodwa. Ama-aquarists anolwazi asebenzisa imikhiqizo enophawu kanye namakhemisi.
Kunezidakamizwa eziningana okufanele zilaphe.
Isibonelo, iFurazolidone 50 mg isetshenziswa ngamalitha ayi-15 ngokuhlangana neKanamycin (1 g ngalinye ngamalitha angama-35). Kulesi simo, ingxenye yesine yamanzi e-aquarium kufanele itshintshwe nsuku zonke. I-Ciprofloxacin isetshenziswa ngesilinganiso sama-500 mg ngama-50 amalitha amanzi ngokuhlangana neZMF HEXA-ex.
Ezinye izinhlanzi zihlupheka i-toxicosis ngemuva kokwelashwa. Kulokhu, kufanele kusetshenziswe uhhafu womuthi ophakanyisiwe wemithi.