UMarigolds - Umndeni wezimvemvane zosuku, kepha kwesinye isikhathi zibhekwa njengeziqholo zama-nymphalids. Lezi zinambuzane zibizwa nangokuthi ama-satyrides noma ama-satyrs - leli igama le-Greek "yasendulo yabantu" yasendulo. Amasheya amancane amancane noma aphakathi ngosayizi, amaphiko awo ayindilinga, ngombala ovikelayo - onsundu, onsundu, onsomi. Kaningi kukhona “amehlo” ayindilinga emaphikweni, amancane noma amakhulu. Amanye ama-marigold asezindaweni ezishisayo apendiwe kahle.
Amalungu amaningi alo mndeni adla ujusi wezithelo ezi-overripe kanye ne-paddy - ama-aphits kashukela. Kodwa umpe ukude nokudla abakuthandayo. AmaMarigolds ahlala emhlabeni wonke, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-2400. Futhi zonke zinesici esisodwa - uhlobo "lokundiza" indiza, olucindezela kakhulu ukuzingela kwezinyoni eziningi.
Izimvemvane ezimnyama zaseTopiya baba negama labo ngombala omnyama wamaphiko, hhayi indawo, ngoba yindawo yonke e-Central Europe. AmaTopiya ahlala emahlathini aqhakazile, ezigungwini, kuvame ukutholakala ezintabeni - endaweni ephakeme kuze kufike ku-1700 m ngaphezu kolwandle. Lapho indiza, umTopiya omncane angabonakala ehlobo lonke - kusuka ngoJuni kuya ku-Agasti - kanti kungalinganiselwa ukuthi amaphiko awo, angamamitha angama-40-50, angalinganiselwa.
Isozi lokhozi ihlala kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kanye naseNtshonalanga naseCentral Asia. Le uvemvane iyashintshana, kepha incamela ukuhlala emthunzini, ngaphansi kwesihlahla sehlathi, emaphethelweni noma ekuphumeni kuya emikhakheni. Ababambi ngamehlo besilisa bakhetha izindawo ezincane (cishe amamitha amane), zikhanyiswe yilanga, lapho beheha khona abesifazane futhi bavikele indawo yabo kwabanye abesilisa. Kodwa-ke, uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, zindiza ngokushesha zize zifike kubude obuyi-3-5 m bese zihlala emagatsheni ezihlahla. Kepha azikwazi ukundiza kude, ngakho-ke ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuyabulala - izinambuzane zimane nje zingakwazi ukuya kwezinye, izingxenye ezisinda zehlathi.
Amakhethini weCowhide amancane - afinyelela ku-25 mm ubude. Ngenxa yombala wazo oluhlaza, zingahle zibonakale cishe zingabonakali ezinyangeni ezihlangeni zamabele asendle, njenge-bluegrass. Badla lezi zinhlamvu. Amakhethini asinda ebusika, ehlela ekushintshashintsheni, futhi adonsa kuphela entwasahlobo.
Ngokwenganekwane, lapho lo mculi uPygmalion aqopha isithombe sentombazane enhle, ayibiza ngokuthi yiGalatea futhi wathandana nayo. Futhi onkulunkulu benza isithombe. Konke lokhu, yiqiniso, kuyinganekwane, kodwa kwanamuhla I-Galatea iso elinombala omncaneijabulisa iso lethu. Leli bhungane litholakala eYurophu, emagqumeni anelanga, emigwaqweni yamahlathi ngisho nasezintabeni endaweni ephakeme ngo-2000 m, futhi ngezinsuku ezishisayo liyabonakala lihleli ezimbali.
UMarigold
Igama lesayensi laleli uvemvane nguSatyrinae. Kubhekiswa ku-subfamily of butterflies yosuku. UMarigold ubukeka enesizotha esikhulu. Usayizi omncane (amaphiko ama-42-48 cm), apendwe ngombala onsundu nobomvu, velvety. Imvamisa ngamehlo aqhakazile, imvamisa imhlophe ngephethini emnyama.
Ihlala emahlathini anomswakama we-coniffort, ithanda umthunzi. Itholakala emigwaqweni yasehlathini noma yokuchithwa. Isibungu seVelvet sikhulu, sidla okusanhlamvu zasendle kanye nezinye izitshalo ezitshaliwe.
Uvemvane lungatholakala kusuka ngoJuni kuze kube kuphela uJulayi. Ngalesi sikhathi, izizukulwane ezi-3 zithathelwa indawo. Uvemvane lubeka amaqanda futhi lufe. IMarigold pupae hibernate, kepha iyinhlobo yezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa.
Izici zomndeni zomndeni
Umndeni wamavemvane wosuku ama-marigolds abizwa ngokuthi ama-satyrs nama-satirids (Satiridae). Kuze kube muva nje, bebebhekwa njengengxenye engaphansi kweNymphalides. Ngenxa yezimpawu zokubonakala kwangaphandle, ama-systematics abukeziwe bese kuthi labo abathole umkhaya babe ngumndeni ohlukile. Emhlabeni kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-2400 zama-marigolds. Izinhlobonhlobo eziphambili zezimvemvane ezinemibala zitholakala emahlathini ashisayo emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo. Amathambeka anomswakama wePalearctic ahlala ezinhlotsheni ezingama-350 zama-satyrides.
Abamele umndeni we-marigold baboniswa izici eziningi:
- Osayizi abaphakathi nobukhulu - amaphiko ama-30-60 mm.
- Indiza eshaya ngamandla, ikuvumela ukuba uphume ekuhlaselweni yizitha.
- Isikimu semibala ejwayelekile sinsundu, nsundu, grey, ukuba khona kwamabala ezindawo ngaphambili kanye nezimpiko ezingemuva.
- Izici zokuzitholela indawo - omunye wemithambo engaphansi kwephiko langaphambili udumbile.
Imininingwane. Umbala onsundu we-underside nephethini ngesimo wamehlo indlela yokuvikela izimvemvane. Umbala oqondayo uvumela ukuba bahlangane nesiqu somuthi, amaphiko eshayela ngamachashazi amise okomuntu ahlazisa umhlaseli.
Ngokwakheka komzimba, ama-satyrides afana ne-nymphalids. Zine-antennae ebunjwe nge-kilabhu, ama-forelimbs ayancishiswa futhi ambozwe izinwele ngohlobo lwebhulashi. Izimpiko zibanzi, ziyindilinga, endaweni ezolile ngemuva. Izimpiko zangemuva zivame ukuwa onqenqemeni. I-dimorphism yabantu abadala ngokobulili ibuthakathaka. Imvamisa kuvezwa ngemibala yombala oyinhloko wamaphiko.
Abantu abadala badla izitshalo ezi-herbaceous nezihlahla. Kwezinhlobo ezithile, izinto ezengeziwe zomkhondo ziyadingeka empilweni esebenzayo. Izinambuzane zizithola zisuka emhlabathini obumba olumanzi, ekufukuzweni kwezilwane. Imvamisa, abesilisa badinga i-sodium, bayabonakala emaqenjini wonke aqoqwe osebeni lomfula noma esihlakaleni.
Ukuzala
UMarigold angatholakala kuma-biotypes wemvelo ahlukahlukene - amahlathi, izitebhisi, izintaba zezintaba, emigwaqweni nasezindongeni. Izinambuzane zithanda izindawo ezinomthunzi. Zikhula kwisizukulwane esisodwa kuya kwezintathu ngokuya ngezinhlobo nendawo yokuhlala. Izinsikazi zibeka amaqanda otshanini noma enhlabathini. Amakhethini aluhlaza ngokukhanya okude noma ngemithende emnyama. Kuvame ukusebenza ebusuku, kufihlwe kahle. Pellet enhlabathini noma emhlabathini.
ISennitsa Alpine
ISennitsasimfita (Coenonymphasymphita) ihlala kuma-alpine forbs kanye notshanini obude obungamamitha ayi-1300 kuya kwangama-2300. Kutholakale eCaucasus, e-Armenia, eTurkey. Ingaphezulu lamaphiko luwolintshi, eceleni komngcele we-poll-grey kanye nomphetho. Iso elincane elimnyama emaphikweni angaphambi komngcele ogqamile. Emaphikweni asemuva kunezindawo eziningi ezifanayo. Ngaphansi kungwempunga, kuphinda iphethini ngakwesokunene.
Insikazi izalela amaqanda amakhulu ku-bluegrass njalo ngonyaka. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-8, kuvela amacimbi. Babusika ebangeni lesibili. Ngonyaka olandelayo, ayaqhubeka nokukhula, akhule afike kuma-22 mm. Ukulima lapho kuqalwa khona utshani. Isigaba sobungane sithatha amasonto ama-2. Abadala bandiza ngoJuni-Julayi, bakhulela esizukulwaneni esisodwa.
Iso le-Achin
Uvemvane luka-Achin's wamehlo noma uvemvane wamehlo amakhulu luyatholakala ehlathini nasendaweni eyihlathi. Umbala wamaphiko ungwevu onsundu, ohlangothini olungaphambili lwendawo engu-5 amabala amnyama anomngcele ophuzi, ezinhlangothini zangemuva izikhala ezi-3. Uhlangothi lwangemuva lwamaphiko luphawulwa yizindawo ezikhanyayo eduze namabala e-ocular eceleni komngcele. Imigqa yeWavy ihamba eceleni kwangaphandle kwamaphiko. I-Wingspan 55-60 mm. IKagglazka Achina itholakala kulo lonke i-Eurasia emahlathini asehlathini, ezindaweni ezinethunzi emigwaqweni.
Iminyaka yabantu abadala kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuJulayi, ikhula esizukulwaneni esisodwa. Abesifazane bahola indlela yokuphila yokufihla, becasha ngezihlahlana eziminyene noma imiqhele yezihlahla. Abesilisa bahlangana ngamaqembu eduze kwezidleke ezincane kanye nokuphuma kwezilwane. Isibungu esiluhlaza sidla otshanini, sihlala kuze kube sebusika. Abafundi ngoJuni ngonyaka olandelayo. UButterfly ubhalwe kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN.
Imbali ye-peephole
I-butterfly peephole yezimbali (i-Aphantopushyperantus) yathola izithonjana eziningana ezithokozisayo zegama laso - imbali isilozi, umqubuko wegazi. Amaphiko ansundu afike ku-50 mm ngosayizi anamehlo ambalwa anensika ekhanyayo emaphethelweni. Amathunzi wombala kanye nenombolo yamehlo akuyona njalo. Amadamu atholakala kuma-glade, ezingadini, emapaki nasezihlahleni. Iyasebenza ihlobo lonke, kuze kube ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Inani eliphakeme ehlobo ukuqala kukaJulayi.
Imininingwane. Imbali ye-butterfly peephole noma emnyama-nsundu - enye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zabasathane e-Eurasia.
Insikazi ihlakaza amaqanda indiza, amacimbi akhula otshanini: ezinemilenze emifushane, i-rump, sedge. Abantu abadala bayasebenza emini, futhi inzalo yabo ithanda ukuzondla ebusuku. Isibungu sinombala onsundu ngombala omnyama ngemuva. Ama-larva ebusika, imidlwane ngoMeyi-Juni.
Iso lesilo
Imarigold, ene-hair-eye noma i-ox-eye (Maniolajurtina) ithanda ama-biotopes avulekile - izithikamezi zezikhukhula, imigwaqo ehlathini, umgwaqo, izitebhisi. I-dimorphism yezocansi ibonakala ngombala wamaphiko. Emadodeni, ingxenye engenhla yamaphiko iba nsundu. Emaphethelweni angaphandle amaphiko angaphambili indawo emnyama enomngcele we-orange. Izinsikazi zinezindawo ezinamawolintshi emaphikweni azo. Amaphiko we-imago aze afike ku-50 mm.
Uvemvane olusebenza ngenkomo lutholakala eNyakatho Afrika, eYurophu, e-Asia Minor nase-Iran. Umngcele osempumalanga wohlu lokusatshalaliswa unqamula eSiberia eseNtshonalanga. Iminyaka ye-imago yinde - ukusuka ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi kuya ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Bondla izitshalo zoju, njenge-aphid excreta. Isizukulwane esisodwa siyashintsha ngonyaka. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo, amabhu angena nje, acashe emthunzini.
Iqiniso elithandekayo. Izinduna zenjolo ezihudula umdanso womsasa ngesikhathi sokuthandana komlingani. Ngesikhathi sokuhlangana, insikazi igqoka owesilisa.
Izinsikazi zibekela amaqanda otshanini, eduze komhlabathi. Isibungu siluhlaza, sinemifantu ekhanyayo ezinhlangothini. Baqabula ngemuva kokuqothuka kokuqala. Amakhukhamba adla ebusuku, izitshalo zefishi - allspice, fescue, bluegrass. NgoMeyi kugxumela emaceleni otshani. UPupa ophuzi-oluhlaza okotshani, omiswe wabheka phansi.
Uvemvane uMarigold (isithombe): i-dryad, iso lenkomo, imbali ye-peephole, iso lephiko lika-Achin
IButterfly marigold ayithandi ukukhanya okukhanyayo, ikhetha izindawo ezinomswakama omnyama. Abamele umndeni bangatholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica.
Izimvemvane ezincane nezincane zomndeni wama-marigold zinombala onesizotha, imvamisa zinombala onsundu, ompunga noma onsundu. Amaphethini amabala kanye namehlo, i-camouflage underside iyimpawu. Isici esiyingqayizivele se-imago ukuthi ama-forelimbs ambozwe ngamabhulashi.
Ochwepheshe bahlukanisa ngokungangabazeki ama-marigold ngemithambo yokuvuvukala ephikweni lwamaphiko angaphambili.
Izindawo zokuhlala zikaMarigold
Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-2400 zama-marigolds zibaliwe, futhi cishe izinhlobo ezingama-200 zihlala endaweni ye-USSR yangaphambili. Lezi zimvemvane zigcwele ezweni lonke lethu. Bahlala ezintabeni, emahlathini, ama-tundra kanye nama-steppes. Imvamisa, atholakala emigwaqweni, ama-glade amahlathi, amaxhaphozi kanye nasemqhele wezihlahla.
Indiza “eqa” eyingqayizivele yenza kube nzima ngezinyoni ukuphishekela imashi.
Ukuthuthukiswa kweMarigold
Amakhethini akhula, njengomthetho, ezitshalweni zikakolweni. Izinhlobo eziningi zama-marigold zichitha ubusika esiteji samacimbi, okuvame kakhulu esiteji seqanda. Amakhethini ahlala kakhulu ezitshalweni zikakhokho, kepha amacimbi aseGalatea, amashiya amakhulu, ama-vixens akhetha imfashini, utshani bukakolweni kanye nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Njengomthetho, isizukulwane esisodwa siyakhula ngonyaka. UPupae ulala udoti noma alengise ngamakhanda.
AmaMarigolds ajwayelekile emhlabeni wonke.
Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zama-marigolds
Emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, amalungu ajwayelekile omndeni yikhofi ye-chernushka noma iLigeya, i-velvet neso elimnyama. Lezi zimvemvane zindiza ngoJulayi-Agasti. Imvamisa, zitholakala ezimbalini ze-Ivan-itiye, i-clover ne-hawk, kanti amacimbi ahlala emfashinini.
Uhlobo olujwayelekile lwamamashi ezwe lethu yihlo lenkabi. Lezi zimvemvane zitholakala cishe yonke indawo ehlobo.
Izimpiko zangaphambili zinombala we-chocolate, zinendawo eyodwa enkulu ye-ocular kuzo. Emadodeni, la mabala azungezwe izindandatho zamawolintshi ezifiphele.
Amacimbi alezi zimvemvane anombala oluhlaza okhanyayo onemisho emnyama nsundu emhlane wawo. Akhula ezinhlangeni.
Kuwo wonke umhlaba kukhona inani elikhulu lezinhlobo zama-marigolds.
Omunye ummeleli ojwayelekile wama-marigolds yi-Ligea noma ikhofi ye-chernushka. Unamaphiko ansundu onsundu, afinyelela kumamilimitha angama-26 ubukhulu. Lezi zimvemvane zinikeza izintandokazi ezindaweni ezivulekile: ama-glade, amameadows, imiphetho yehlathi.
Amakhethini adla nge-sedge, okusanhlamvu, i-bluegrass.
Ngenxa yemibala ethile namaphuzu asemaphikweni, uvemvane lukhohlisa kahle izitha.
Kukhona nolunye uhlobo olujwayelekile lwe-marigold - iSennitsa. Lezi zimvemvane zihlala ezixhaphozini nasezimfundeni ezimanzi. Amacimbi alezi zimvemvane anikeza ukukhetha kumakhambi we-hygrophilous - i-bluegrass ne-sedge, kepha abanye abantu bakhula emcwabeni.
Ibhayoloji
ECaucasus, ibhande elingezansi lamamadara angaphansi nama-glade amahlathi ahlala emngceleni wehlathi osehla kusuka ku-1600 kuya ku-2200 m.
Isizukulwane esisodwa ngonyaka. Iminyaka ukusuka ekugcineni kwe-V ukuya engxenyeni yokuqala ye-VII. Ama-Butterflies adla umpe wezitshalo zoju zotshani. Ngezinye izikhathi abesilisa bahlela ukulwa bodwa emzabalazweni wensimu. Izinsikazi zibekela amaqanda eyodwa ngasikhathi sinye emaphethelweni otshani.
Amakhukhamba adla ku-fescue (Festuca), akhishwe kabusha (iCalamagrostis), i-bluegrass (Poa) ne-hedgehog (Dactylis). Amakhethini noma ama-pupae overwinter (Lvovsky, Morgun, 2007).
Ezimweni zokwenziwa, ukuthuthukiswa kwenzeka ngaphandle kwe-diapause futhi izimvemvane zokuqala zingatholakala ekupheleni kukaJulayi.
I-Daurian-Mongolian fauna
Isidalwa saseDaurian-Mongolia, esixhumene nemvelo ye-steppe ne-steppe steppe simelelwa kahle e-Eastern Transbaikalia.
Kepha esiGodini sase-Amur naseNyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina, kusatshalaliswa nasempumalanga. Ngaphakathi kweSoviet Far East, amathafa ase-Zeya-Bureya nase Khankai ayizindawo lapho kungezona izinto ezithile kuphela, kodwa futhi nama-biocenoses aphelele eDaurian-Mongolia asabhekwa.
Izidalwa zalezi zindawo, noma ziseduze ekwakhiweni kwazo, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, futhi zinokwehluka okwanele kokunye kwalawo mathafa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kanye nezindawo ezihlala kuzo izilwane nazo zibonakaliswa ezinye zezici ezikhona ethafeni ngalinye.
Esibhakabhakeni esikhulu sethafa laseZeya-Bureya, kutholakala izimila zotshani ezinde ezakhiwe ngabomdabu bezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo. Izihlahla zeScrubby ze-oki zaseMongolia, i-hazel ehlanganisiwe, izihlahla zama-apula zaseSiberia, okhalweni, ama-spirea kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezihlahla zihlakazeke emameleni amancane kulezi zindawo ezinamamitha amancane.
Iziqhingi eziMhlophe namahlathi e-aspen nakho kuvame kakhulu. Kukhona nezindebe eziluhlaza ethafeni, zidlulela kuma-sphagnum bogs (Mari). Amahlathi ephayini nezinhlangano zama-steppe ezihambisana nezitshalo ezinesici se-xerophilous, ezinjengotshani bentshe, uboya, ubuhlakani baseSiberia, iScutellaria zabaikalsky, kanye ne-keleria, zikhula emithambekeni eyomile, eziqongweni eziphakeme nasemigodini enesihlabathi.
Izidalwa zethafa laseZeya-Bureya ziyinhlanganisela yokusondelana kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezivela ezinhlobonhlobo ze-biocenoses, lapho kubusa khona i-steppe ne-meadow-steppe.
Kuma-vertebrates, lezi zinhlobo zifaka: i-Amur gopher, i-hamster enomsila, i-Daurian hamster, i-Ungur vole, i-East Siberian bustard, i-Daurian crane, idada elibomvu, ihhashi le-steppe laseSiberia.
Kwizinambuzane zama-steppes e-Zeya-Bureya Plain, kukhona ama-marigolds, i-aurora jaundice, iso-moto, i-scoop elwa nomlilo, udoti wama-steppe barbel, abanye abahlanya nabanye.
Zonke lezi zinhlobo zivamile ngemvelo yezilwane zase-Eastern bush-steppe Transbaikalia, ezixhunywe ngazo yi-Amur Valley, okuluhlobo lwe-niche lwezinto ezixakile zeMongolia-Daurian fauna zokuya empumalanga. Kuliqiniso, ezinye zezinhlobo ezi-xerophilous - i-gopher emude enomsila, uvemvane obomvana - zandile e-Eastern Siberia naseMpumalanga Ekude. Ngakho-ke, ithafa laseZeya-Bureya, izwe elincane ngokwendawo, lingathola lezi zinhlobo ngaphandle kwe-Amur,
Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezixerophilous, inani elikhulu lezinhlobo, umlingiswa wamahlathi, amabanga kanye nezinduna, zihlala ethafeni laseZeya-Bureya. Kunzima ukusho kunoma yisiphi isigaba, ngoba zivame ukutholakala ndawonye kanye nezinhlobo ezi-xerophilous.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo zamahlathi ethafeni, i-Far Eastern roe deer, i-Amur badger, i-East Siberian vole vole, i-vole ehlathini elibomvu, ikhukhamba elijwayelekile, i-Amur magpie, i-Ussuri ende-tailed bullfinch, i-Amur zhulan, i-Amur greenfinch, i-Woodcock nezinye.
Ezinambuzaneni zehlathi ethafeni, izimvemvane zivamile - iribhoni le-spiraeus, umama omkhulu wehlathi leparele, i-bluefin nifada kanye nepayipi le-spiraea.
Kwabahlali bamamaday kukhona ingxenye ye-Ussuriysky lark, i-East Siberian mint enamakhanda amnyama, i-pied harry pied harth, kanye nezinambuzane ze-lepidopteran - i-clover jaundice, i-Amur pea whitewash, iMarigold Menetrie ne-thick-ekhanda.
Kwezilwane ezinamabhodwe we-peat, imashi e-larch kanye ne-tundra, ama-Amur lemming, ama-ptarmigan atholakala ezindaweni ezihlonishwayo ze-Zeya-Bureya Plain, kanti izimvemvane zingamaparele peat, amapharele we-sphagnum, ama-marigolds amakhulu, kanye nethanga.
Sekukonke, iziloba zethafa laseZeya-Bureya ziyisixakaxaka sezilwane ezihlukile esivele ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziningi ze-steppe nezithombe ezivelile ezivela kumathafa ahlukahlukene.
Ngasempumalanga, izinhlobo eziningi ze-steppe ezaziwa ethafeni laseZeya-Bureya ziyanyamalala ngokushesha, njenge-parridge enentshebe nodayi obomvu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kuya entshonalanga, phezulu e-Amur, inani lezinto zaseDaurian-Mongolia likhula kancane kancane.
Ngakho-ke, ukusuka eKumara kuya eJalinda, ezinye izitebhisi (i-barpe barbel, izimpande ezidliwayo), ezivame ukungatholakali ethafeni, zanda ngokwezibalo eceleni kwe-Amur Valley.
Ngasikhathi sinye, amanye ama-xerophiles angaziwa ngasempumalanga avela lapha: zezimvemvane - ama-steppe jaundice, amabhu anolayini abathathu nezinye izinhlobo.
Emithambekeni egxiliwe ngaseShilka, izintambo ezinjengezimpawu zeTransbaikal ezinjengeKamenka-dancer nejeleti yaseSiberia sezivele.
Ekugcineni, iziloba ezijwayelekile zeMongolia-Daurian fauna: izilwanyane zemarmot yaseMongolia, ama-Daurian floor squirrel, i-Daurian pika, i-zeren kanye namalokhi aseMongolia aqala eduze kwe-Onon.
I-Transbaikal fauna eyisimo esisehlathini, emelela uhlobo olusenyakatho olwedlulele lweMongol-Daurian nokuhlanganiswa kwezinto zasehlathini zase-East Siberian, kutholakala esigodini somfula i-Ingoda.
Izidalwa zasethafeni laseKhankaiskaya zikhula ngaphansi kwezimo ze-steppe eseningizimu, okuyinhlanganisela yeziteshi ezilandelayo: iziza, ama-steppe meadows, izihlahlana ezikhula ngokweqile ngama-steppe glade, ama-pine-apricot kanye namahlathi ama-oak-pine, avame ukuba nomlingiswa wepaki futhi aphethe nezitshalo eziningi ezinhle kakhulu. . Ngaphezu kwalokho, uphayinaphu lapha awujwayelekile, njengasehlathini lase-Zeya-Bureya, kodwa ithuna, elisakazeka eningizimu yePrimorye nasezingxenyeni ezisemngceleni weKorea naseNyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina.
Esihlahleni se-Khankai-steppe, sithola izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezivamile ethafeni laseZeya-Bureya, njenge-Daurian hamster, i-East Siberian bustard, iSiberia steppe ihhashi, ezintathu-isimbumbulu, sezinambuzane zase-Lepidoptera - i-lycaon eseMpumalanga, i-aurora ephuzi, inundu lokudonsa, inundu elinamehlo. steppe barbel izimpande udla, shpanki nabanye.
Ngasikhathi sinye, izinhlobo eziningi zemvelo zaseMongolia-Daurian ezivamile ethafeni laseZeya-Bureya azikho echibini le-Khankaiskaya: i-Amur gopher, i-Uyghur vole, idada elibomvu, uvemvane i-marigold (akgeya) nezinye.
Kepha ezakhiweni ze-steppe eduze naseHanka izinhlobo ezinjengalezi zaseMongolia ezinjenge-tirushka yasempumalanga, ukutholakala kweRadde toad kanye ne-Misly filly. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe zonke izinhlobo zamabhuthi we-peat, noma ama-mars, azikho ethafeni laseKhankai.
Kuhlala kuyimfihlakalo ukuthola eduze kweKhanka indawo ekhethekile yokugibela yaseSiberia, izidleke emahlathini-tundra nasezigudwini ze-taiga ezisenyakatho yeSiberia. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zehlathi nezindabamanzi ehlathini lase-Khankai-steppe njengasezintabeni zase-Amur.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezidalwa zaseKhankai zethafa-sisekelo nethafa laseZeya-Bureya ukuba khona kwama-xerophiles eqenjini elikhethekile lokuqala, elihambisana kakhulu neziteshi zamadwala kanye nemithambeka eseningizimu embozwe yihlathi likaphayini kanye le-apricot.
Ngokwabiwa kwawo, lezi zinhlobo zitholakala endaweni eseNyakatho neChina kanye naseNingizimu Dongbei enezindawo eziseduzane zaseKorea kanye neNingizimu Ntshonalanga Primorye. Kulezi, izici ezihamba phambili yilezi: i-goral, i-East Asia itshe lesikhumba elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izimvemvane - I-Argunnis zenobia penelope Stg., A. nerippe coreana Btl., Pamphylla dieckmanni Graes, barbel juniper kanye namadwala enamadwala.
Ngokwezakhi zofuzo, lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwezinhlobo zezilwane kufanele kuhambisane nezilwane zasenyakatho zaseSino-Tibetez eziguqulwe ngokuphila ezimeni zamatshe ambozwe ihlathi elingandile. Ukusakazeka kusuka e-Eastern Tibet kuya e-Southern Primorye, le fauna, yeqiniso, ingahlukaniswa ngezinketho eziningana. Okusenyakatho kakhulu kwabo yiqembu lama-heliophiles ohla olungenhla.
Noma ezinye zalezi zithombe zingena ezingxenyeni ezisehlathini ezisempumalanga yePrimorye, noma ngabe kunjalo kuleli cala lihlala lingabalingani abathembekile be-biocenosis of rock adaptation.
I-Sad eyelet
Ehlobo, kumane kungenzeki ukuthi ungahlangani ndawo nalezi ezincane, sengathi zenziwe ngamavemvane velvet anamehlo amancane emaphikweni. Amehlo amancane adabukisayo angeza i-charm ekhethekile nenduduzo kuma-glaze amahlathi nokucaciswa.
Amehlo amnyama emaphikweni avemvane, ngenxa yokuphelelwa yiwolintshi, abukeka emangalisa ikakhulukazi.
Lezi zimvemvane zingezomndeni wama-marigolds, noma i-satyrid. Imboza cishe izinhlobo ezingama-2 400 ezigcwele emhlabeni wonke.
Abathakathi abangenazo izinselo
AbakwaSathane babizwa ngegama labo ukuhlonipha ababusayo - imimoya yasehlathini evela ezinganekwaneni zasendulo zamaGrikhi.
Ngokubambisana nama-nymphs, la mademoni enzalo akha isithombe sikankulunkulu uDionysus futhi azulazula emlandela ehlathini ngezifufula nezitsha ezinewayini, ukudansa, ukuzijabulisa nokucula izingoma.
Abantu basebenzise amanye amagama walezi zimvemvane: ama-sitrobheli, izitebhisi, amehlo aluhlaza. Basithumela emahlathini kanye nasezimfundeni ezinotshani, lapho ama-marigolds etholakala khona kaningi.
I-Satyrid ibonakala kalula yizimpiko ezibanzi eziyindilinga ngombala onsundu noma nsundu onamabala acashile ngasemaphethelweni. Lawa mehlo anechashaza elimhlophe maphakathi, kungathi ngesipuni esivulekile, yisici esibonakala semarigolds. Enye into ngandlela thile enwetshiwe, njengokungathi yimithambo evuvukayo ephikweni lwangaphambili.
Isikhathi eside, i-satyrid yathathwa njenge-subfamily of nymphalids. Lezi zimvemvane zibukeka zifana ngempela. Njengama-nymphalids, imilenze yangaphambili yama-marigolds, embozwe ngebhulashi lezinwele obukhulu, ayakhiwa ngaphansi futhi ayisetshenziswa uma uhamba. Kepha indiza evela ku-satyrid yehlukile, iyabonakala kakhulu. Bahlehla kancane kancane ngaphansi komhlabathi, kube sengathi bayawa ngapha nangapha.
Ukundiza okunjalo “okugxumagxuma,” kuhlanganiswe nombala ovikelayo ocacile, kuyabasindisa ezinyoni, izinyoka nezinye izidlova. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amehlo asemaphethelweni wephiko adonsela ukunakekela komhlaseli, futhi uma bezama ukubamba uvemvane, bazosiza ekugcineni izitho ezibalulekile.
Nokho, ngamaphiko asongelwe ahleli esihlahleni somuthi noma emhlabathini, i-marigold icishe ingabonakali.
Mangaki amagama ama-kraeglazkirs anawo?
Amehlo asezimpikweni zezimvemvane ezivela kulolu hlobo lwamehlo ambozwe izinwele ezinohlonze, i-tibia yemilenze ephakathi icishe ilingane nobude bemilenze, izintuthwane ziwugqinsi impela, kuthi omunye umthambo uvuvukele. Izinhlobo ezimbili ezifanayo zibizwa ngokuthi ama-eyecup adabukisayo: iLasiommata taega neLasiommata achine.
Ngokokukhuluma ngokuqinile, laba banamalungelo amaningi kulokhu, ngoba i- "sad" ngesi-Latin achine. Kodwa-ke, i-systematics of butterflies ibuyekeziwe kaningi, ososayensi ngezikhathi ezihlukene amahlandla amaningi bazichaza izinhlobo ezifanayo ngaphansi kwamagama ahlukile.
Ngenxa yalokhu, izimvemvane eziningi zinamagama amaningana, isiRussia nesiLatin. Ikakhulu, i-eyecup edabukisayo ibizwa nangokuthi iMera-eyeed enkulu, i-velvet, i-eyed, noma i-Mera-eyed.
Uhlobo lwe-epithet taega luhlotshaniswa nenganekwane yasendulo yamaGrikhi: Measure wayengomunye wamaNereids, umngani ka-Artemis.
Izinketho noma ukuhluka ngakunye?
Ama-kegglazka adabukisayo ahlala eNyakatho Afrika, eYurophu, e-Anterior nase-Asia Ephakathi, e-Altai, eziNtabeni zaseS Sayan, ezintabeni zaseKazakhstan naseMongolia. Iyabonakala emahlathini amahlathi, eduze kwamahlathi namahlathi nezihlahla. Ikhuphukela ezintabeni ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-2000, lapho ihlala khona ezimfundeni nasezintabeni phakathi kwamahlathi nezihlahla ezikhula emithambekeni, nasezigodini zemifula.
I-kegglazka edabukisayo uvemvane onsundu okhanyayo onama-ocular amabala ezimpambanweni zohlaka olu-orenji. Izinsikazi azifani kakhulu nabesilisa, kodwa noma kunjalo zikhulu, futhi izindawo zazo ze-orange ziqhakazile futhi zibanzi.
Lolu hlobo luhlukahluka kakhulu: amaphiko wamehlo amancane angafakwa imibala ehlukile ngokuya ngenkathi nobude bokusatshalaliswa. Kukhona nokumbalwa okumbalwa.
Kodwa-ke, kuyaziwa ukuthi abantu abavela emzileni ophakathi nendawo owakhula ngesikhathi esishisayo nesomile babonakala ngokwanda kwamabhandeji akhanyayo emaphikweni, okufana nasezincwadini ezingaphansi kweCrimea neCaucasian. Ngakho-ke, mhlawumbe kumayelana nokwehluka ngakunye.
Abathandi bezinkomo
Imvamisa iso elincane elidabukisayo linikeza izizukulwane ezimbili ngonyaka, kepha kukhona ezintathu, futhi ezintabeni libe linye. Izikelemu ngaphezulu. Uluhlaza okhanyayo, onomugqa omnyama eduze nomhlane namaphoyinti amabili ekugcineni. Entwasahlobo, ephuma ebusika, izibungu zijaha ngokushesha emhlabathini noma zilenga emacembe.
Umbala we-pupae uncike endaweni yokunamathiselwa kanye nobulili bukamvemvane wesikhathi esizayo: kwabesifazane baluhlaza obumnyama, futhi emadodeni aphuzi-aluhlaza. Usuvele ngoMeyi ungabona izimveku zokuqala zidla izimbali. Abesilisa bakwaMarigold bafihla imfihlo eyiphunga ukuheha izinsikazi, ezikhiqizwa yizindlala ezikhethekile.
Ingena emoyeni isuka ebusweni bezikali ezikhethekile, okuthiwa yi-androconium, ezakha amasimu amhlophe ombala ophuzi abonakalayo esweni eliphakathi kwamaphiko. Kwezinye izikhathi abesilisa bakhombisa ukuziphatha ezweni.
Ngemuva kokuzalela, izinsikazi zibeka amaqanda ama-2-3 emaqabungeni e-fescue, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kabusha, kanye nokunye okusanhlamvu kanye ne-sedges. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, kuphuma izibungu zesizukulwane sesibili. Kuze kube ekwindla bayondla, bese behlela emhlabathini, lapho ebusika.
Incazelo emfushane
Iklasi: izinambuzane. Oda: Lepidoptera. Umndeni: amasanta, ama-satellite, noma ama-marigold. Uhlobo: Kragglazka. Ukubukeka: Amehlo adabukisayo
Igama lesi Latin: Lasiommata maera.
Ubukhulu: amaphiko ama-wingspan - 45-55 mm. Umbala: nsundu okhanyayo ngamehlo akhanyayo lapho kuthathwa i-orange.
Isikhathi sokuphila: cishe unyaka.
Indawo Yemvelo Yombuso
Imbongi A.N. yabiza izimvemvane "zezimbali ezindizayo" ngengubo ekhanyayo. UMaikov (khumbula inkulumo yakhe enamaphiko: “isigcini sezimbali”?).
Zingaba ngu-150 izinhlobo zezimvemvane ezaziwayo eNurgush Reserve, okuyizinhlobo ezingama-55 ezisesigungwini seMini Mace, phakathi kwazo kukhona imindeni iLyubyanka, Belyanka, Mnogotsvetitsa, Marigold, Sailboats. Yonke imibala yesibhakabhaka icwilisa amaphiko ayo.
Okuhle kakhulu izimvemvane zomndeni wakwaSailing, noma amaCavaliers. Iningi lazo ziyizilwane ezingandile ezibalwe ku-Red Book. Ehlathini elomile ngoJulayi, u-Apollo, oqanjwe ngegama likankulunkulu wobuhle, ubhukuda njengomkhumbi omhlophe.
IPodarilia ebabazekayo kwesinye isikhathi itholakala ngo-June eceleni kwesihlahla sehlathi. Ngasosebeni lomfula, iProst ngoJuni ihamba kancane isuka ezimbalini iye ezimbalini zaseMnemosyne, eqanjwe ngegama likankulunkulukazi okhumbulekayo.
I-Machaon enamandla futhi esheshayo ebukekayo ibonakala yonke indawo.
Izimvemvane eziqhakaze kakhulu futhi eziningi kakhulu ezigodini ziye zivela emndenini we-Multiflorum noma i-Nymphalidae. Enye yezinto zokuqala ukubonakala entwasahlobo yi-urticaria eyaziwayo, imvelo evuka ebuthongweni. Emlandela, izimpiko zekabhoni ezinamaphiko amancanyana nezimpiko ezinamaphiko amaningi ziyaphuma.
Ehlobo, bashaya ngemisebe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yamaparele agcwele kakhulu nothwele emaphikweni omama weparele.
Izihlahla ezibuya ebusika baseNyakatho Afrika ekuqaleni kwehlobo, zishesha ukunikela isizukulwane esisha, esizodlulela emazweni afudumele ekwindla. Ama-Admirals aqine futhi anele enza ukufuduka kusuka ezifundeni eziseningizimu kuya emahlathini ethu.
Ama-Butterflies afana ne-peacock iso lesikhathi sasemini, i-multicolor ebomvu-ebomvu, iribhoni ye-poplar, nokulila nakho kujwayelekile endaweni yokubhuka.
IBelyanki nayo ayijwayelekile, ikakhulukazi i-lemongrass, ehlobisa izindawo zemvelo kusuka ngoMeyi kuya kuSepthemba. IHawthorn enamaphiko ayo engilazi esobala ihamba kancane yonke indawo ehlobo. I-Raspnitsa, i-bryukvennitsy, iwundlu le-pea, amazolo, i-jaundice - bonke bangabahlali abajwayelekile bezimbali nezimbali zamahlathi.
AmaMarigolds, abahlali basehlathini abajwayelekile, banombala we-chocolate, abesilisa babo banezikali ngephunga likashokolethi. Phakathi kwama-marigold, lezi zinhlobo zezilwane zaziwa ngokuthi iso lenkomo, i-lycaon, i-peephole yezimbali, i-velvet, i-marsh chernushka, i-pine sitrobheli ne-brown red.
ILycaenidae iyamangaza ukuthi phakathi kwayo kukhona izihlahla ezi-raspberry eziluhlaza okotshani, kanye nama-chervonets e-orange, kanye ne-Icarus eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ne-Argus nsundu. Amacimbi abo adla ama-aphid. Izintuthwane ziyayithanda imisebe emnandi yalezi zibungu futhi zivame ukuzithwala ziyise ebusika.
Umhlaba ongenazo izimvemvane ubuzoba isidina, ngaphandle kwawo bekungeke kube khona izitshalo ezinhlobonhlobo zokuqhakaza. Ukuheha izimvemvane, izimbali ziye zalungisa umbala wazo, ukwakheka nephunga lezigidi zeminyaka.
Kusezigcinweni zemvelo kuphela, lapho noma yimuphi umthelela emvelweni umile, "izimbali ezindizayo" zingagcinwa.
Ukwakheka kwezinhlobo nomsebenzi wesizini wezimvemvane zomndeni uMarigold (Satyridae) wemiphakathi eyindathane yedolobha laseGomel
Ama-Butterflies angenye yama-oda amakhulu ezinambuzane. Abantu abadala bangamaphula izitshalo ezibalulekile zezitshalo eziqhakazayo. Ezinye izinhlobo zezimvemvane, ezinamacimbi adla ngamaqabunga nezinaliti, zingakhipha ukuvela kokuzala okuningi emahlathini.
Iqhaza lezimvemvane emvelweni yemvelo ukuthi, njengabathengi be-oda lokuqala, abahlanganyeli abahlanganisiwe emaketangeni okudla.
Izinhlobo ezinamacimbi akhiqiza usilika zibalulekile kubantu. Izinhlobo eziningana zamacimbi kanye nama-pupae asetshenziswa njengokudla okunothe ngamaprotheni.
Amakhethini wezinhlobo ezithile angasetshenziswa ukulawula ukhula.
Inhloso yalomsebenzi ukutadisha ukwakheka kwezinhlobo zomsebenzi kanye nezinkathi ezithile zezimvemvane zomndeni wakwaMarigolds wemiphakathi eyindida esifundeni saseGomel.
Ukubaluleka okusebenzayo komsebenzi kulele ekutheni idatha etholakele ekuhlukahlukeni kwezinhlobo kanye nomsebenzi wesizini weLepidoptera umndeni we-marigold ungasetshenziselwa ukuhlola umthelela womthelela we-anthropogenic ku-ecosystems, i.e.
for bioindication of the state of meadows. Njengoba isibalo sabamele iqembu leLepidoptera manje sehla, lolu cwaningo luzosiza ukuveza inkinga yenkinga yokuvikela ama-urbocenoses ayingqayizivele emadolobheni amakhulu.
Into yocwaningo ngumndeni weLepidoptera (Satyridae) wezindawo eziphakeme zasolwandle zaseGomel.
Izifundo zensimu zaziqhutshwa kusukela ngoMeyi kuze kube ngu-Agasti 2016 ezindaweni ezomile zedolobha laseGomel.
Isiteshi 1 - indawo engenhla endaweni yomgodi ovulekile uNombolo 17 inokukhululeka, kepha ngezikhathi ezithile iyaphazanyiswa ukuphakama okuncane. Ukwakheka kwezindlela zokuphila zedlelo elomile kubonakaliswa ukubusa kokusanhlamvu, izindunduma namanye amakhambi.
Isiteshi 4 - indawo engenhla yohlobo lwe- "Pokalyubichi" iboshelwe ezindaweni ezomile neziphezulu ezinenhlabathi ekhanyayo.
Izindawo ezinjengalezi zibonakaliswa yilapho okuthiwa ama-meadows okuthiwa angajulile, lapho kukhula khona umcamelo, i-pearl barley kanye ne-slow bushland.
Kusukela kumakhambi, i-resin enamathele ixubene nabo, i-culbab iqinile, i-hawk enoboya, kwesinye isikhathi yakha isembozo esicishe siqhubeke, i-cinquefoil silvery.
Indlela Yokucwaninga. Ama-biotopes afundwe yithi avakashelwa amahlandla ama-4 ngenyanga ukulungisa ukuqala kwendiza kanye nenani lezinhlobo zezimvemvane ezitholwe ngumndeni wethu. Inani lezinhlobo ezinyangeni ezihlukene ehlobo liyahlukahluka, ngakho-ke, ama-biotopes ayevakashelwa ngezikhathi ezihlukile zosuku izikhathi ezine ngenyanga.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhambo ngalunye ku-biotope lwalunezindlela ezintathu zokukhulisa ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezimvemvane zalo mndeni ngenyanga enikeziwe.
Indlela enkulu yokubala inani lezimvemvane zosuku kuyindlela yomzila, ukubalwa kwezimali okubonakalayo nokuqoqwa kwezimodeli zeqoqo. Kwabekwa umzila (okuyi-1 km) kuma-biotopes akhethiwe, lapho kubhekwe khona lapho kuhlangana nezimvemvane zasemini.
Izimvemvane zabanjwa kusetshenziswa amasu ajwayelekile, ukuzimisela kwenziwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amatafula wokuzimisela, khona-ke izimvemvane zahlukaniswa ngamaqoqo.
Ukwakheka kwemiphakathi kunqunywe kusetshenziswa indices eziningi zokuhlukahluka: Inkomba yeShannon, iSimpson, ukufana kwePiel.
Ukusebenza kwezibalo kwedatha etholakele kwenziwa kusetshenziswa uhlelo lwe-EXEL kukhompyutha yomuntu siqu.
Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zabamele iqembu leMarigold esibhedlela 1 zimelwe yizinhlobo ezi-5. Ukuxineka kwezinyanga zonke zezimvemvane zomndeni wakwaSatyridae kuvezwe kuThebula 1.
Ubukhulu kanye nezinhlobo zokwakheka komndeni wakwaLepidoptera Sat Satida esibhedlela 3
Buka | Isikhathi sokutadisha | ||||
Meyi | NgoJuni | Julayi | Agasti | Ingqikithi | |
Melanargia galathea | 2 | 6 | 6 | 14 | |
Maniola jurtina ♂ | 1 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 20 |
Maniola jurtina ♀ | 2 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 17 |
I-Aphantopus hyperanthus | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 12 |
Lopinga ukufezekisa | 3 | 6 | 9 | ||
Lasiommata megera ♀ | 5 | 6 | 2 | 9 | 22 |
Lasiommata megera ♂ | 4 | 5 | 1 | 7 | 17 |
Ingqikithi | 14 | 24 | 29 | 44 | 111 |
Ngokusekelwe kudatha yeTafula 1, singaphetha ngokuthi izinhlobo ezivelele kule biotope yilezi: Lasiommata megera ♀, Lasiommata megera ♂, Maniola jurtina ♂, Maniola jurtina ♀. Lokhu mhlawumbe kungenxa yesisekelo sokudla esifanele salezi zinhlobo: fescue, bluegrass.
Kuhlotshaniswa nesikhathi sokuzalela kwamavemvane alezi zinhlobo nokuncintisana kwawo okuphezulu ngaphakathi kwendawo enikezwe [2, 3]. Izinhlobo zeRed Book uLopinga zatholakala kule biotope.
Imvamisa yemihlangano iphakeme ngokwanele, okusikisela ukuthi le nhlobo iyilungu lomphakathi elihlala njalo.
Indiza yeLepidoptera kulesi sibhedlela yaqala ngoMeyi, kepha uvemvane lwalusebenza kakhulu ngo-Agasti. Lokhu mhlawumbe kungenxa yomthwalo omkhulu we-anthropogenic kulesi sibhedlela ngoJuni nangoJulayi, njengoba kunendawo yokuzilibazisa eduzane nedlelo.
Ukuqanjwa kwezinhlobo nezinhlobo zabantu abangamaSatyridae esibhedlela 2 kuboniswe kuThebula 2. Ngokusho kwetafula, izinhlobo zezinto ezisebusweni kule biotope yilezi: i-Aopesopus hyperanthus, i-Hipparchia autonoe, iHyponephele Lycaon. Kwakunabantu abangu-77 balezi zinhlobo.
Ukuvelela kwezinhlobo zeHyponephele Lycaon kuhlotshaniswa nendawo yokuhlala yayo: lolu hlobo luthanda isisekelo sedlelo lamamayadhi owomile [4, 5]. Inani elikhulu labantu bezinhlobo ze-Aphantopus hyperanthus lihambisana nesizinda sokudla esifanelekile: ukwanda koshaka nodaka kule biotope.
Ukubekwa phambili kwezinhlobo ze-lepidopteran ze-Hipparchia autonoe mhlawumbe kungenxa yokuthi bahlala emashalofini noma kuma-biotopes ngomthwalo omncane we-anthropogenic, okuyisibhedlela 2.
Ubukhulu kanye nezinhlobo zokwakheka komndeni wakwaLepidoptera Sat Satida esibhedlela 2
Buka | Isikhathi sokutadisha | ||||
Meyi | NgoJuni | Julayi | Agasti | Ingqikithi | |
Melanargia galathea | 2 | 5 | 9 | 16 | |
Maniolajurtina ♂ | 2 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 19 |
Maniolajurtina ♀ | 3 | 2 | 7 | 7 | 19 |
Melanargia russiae | 1 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 13 |
I-Aphantopus hyperanthus | 3 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 25 |
I-Hipparchia autonoe | 2 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 28 |
Coenonymphapamphilus | 2 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 17 |
Coenonymphaamuntas | 1 | 2 | 5 | 8 | |
I-HyponepheleLycaon ♂ | 2 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 24 |
Ingqikithi | 15 | 36 | 55 | 63 | 169 |
Ukundiza kwezimvemvane kule biotope kuqale ngoMeyi, i-lepidoptera yalo mndeni yafika emsebenzini wawo ophakeme kakhulu ngoJulayi-Agasti (abantu abangu-118 abezinhlobo eziyi-9 batholakala), okuhlotshaniswa nesisekelo sokudla esihle kulezi zinyanga, isimo sezulu esihle kanye nesikhathi sokuzalela kwe-lepidoptera yomndeni we-velvet .
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi iSiteshi 2 simelwe yizinhlobo ezinkulu kuneSiteshi 1. Esiteshini 2, kutholakale izinhlobo eziyi-9 zamarigold, kwathi eSiteshini 1 kwakukhona izinhlobo ezingama-7 kuphela zomndeni weLepidoptera (Satyridae). Futhi, esibhedlela 2, bangu-34.3% abantu abahlangane kakhulu kunasesibhedlela 1.
Umehluko onjalo ngenombolo yeLepidoptera, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi isibhedlela 1 siphethe umthwalo omkhulu we-anthropogenic ngenxa yendawo yokuzijabulisa etholakala eduzane.
Esibhedlela 4, kutholakale izinhlobo zezilwane ezibhedlela: Melanargia russiae, Hipparchia autonoe, Coenonympha pamphilus, Hyponephele Lycaon ♂, obekungatholakali esibhedlela 1.
Lokhu kungenzeka kungenxa yokuthi lezi zinhlobo ngeke zikwazi ukuhlala ezimweni ezinomthwalo omkhulu we-anthropogenic, obonwe esibhedlela 1, kanye nokudla okukhethekile kwalezi zinhlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esibhedlela 2, izinhlobo ze-Coenonympha amuntas (4.7%) zahlangatshezwa okokuqala, ezingatholakalanga kwenye i-biotope.
Lokhu, ngokusobala, kuhlotshaniswa nokuhlinzekelwa kokudla okuhle kule dlelo. Esibhedlela 1, kutholakale izinhlobo zezilwane eziphilayo: Lasiommata megera ♀, Lasiommata megera ♂, Lopinga ukufezekisa, okungavelanga esibhedlela 4. Lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kubangelwe ukudla kwalezi zinhlobo nokusinda okuhle ngaphansi kwengcindezi ye-anthropogenic.
Ukwakheka komphakathi weLepidoptera womndeni wakwaSergidae ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zamamadows eGomel:
I-1) umphakathi we-marigold umele kakhulu izinhlobo zezilwane esibhedlela 2, ngoba inkomba ye-Shannon ingu-0.942 (2.1), futhi okujwayelekile ukusuka ku-1.5 kuye ku-3,5, kuthi phezulu inkomba, kuphakama ukumelwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane. Lokhu mhlawumbe kungenxa yokuthi i-biotope esiyifundayo inesisekelo esihle soklaba, ngenxa yokwakheka kwamanzi okuncibilikisa entwasahlobo.
2) inani elikhulu kunazo zonke zezinhlobo zezilwane elibuswa esibhedlela 3, ngoba inkomba yenkomba yakwaSimpson ingu-0,2 (2,2), kanti inkomba ejwayelekile yenkomba yakwaSimpson isuka ku-0 iye ku-1, kanti uma kukhulu inkomba, izinhlobo ezengeziwe zibusa nge-biotope.
3) Ubusuku bePiel busikhombisa ukuthi imiphakathi esifundwe yithina (amaSatyridae) yakhiwa kuzo zonke izibhedlela, ngoba inkomba yokufana ezibhedlela 1 no-2 yayingu-0.427 no-0429 (2.3), ngokulandelana, futhi isimo sayo sisuka ku-0 iye ku-1, futhi, ukusondela ebunyeni, kulapho umphakathi uphazamiseka khona, noma kusesimweni sokubunjelwa.
Njengomphumela wokufunda umndeni weLepidoptera we-marigold kuma-meadow system esifundeni saseGomel, ngokususelwa ekuhlaziyweni kwabalingiswa abahlukahlukene, ukwakheka kwezinhlobo kanye nomsebenzi wesizini wezimvemvane zalo mndeni kwembulwa.
Sihlangane nabantu abangama-280 bezinhlobo eziyi-13, okukhona phakathi kwazo ukuthi izinhlobo ezi-2 zibhalwe kwiBhuku eliBomvu leRiphabhlikhi yaseBelarus: Izimpumelelo ze-Erebia aethiops neLopinga, ezinesigaba sokuvikela II no-III. Esibhedlela 1, kutholakale abantu abangu-111 bezizinhlobo ezi-7, okukhona phakathi kwazo okukhona: Lasiommata megera ♀, Lasiommata megera ♂, Maniola jurtina urt, Maniola jurtina ♀ (76).
Esibhedlela 2, sihlangane nabantu abayi-169, okuyizinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye. Phakathi kwazo okunqobayo: i-Aphantopus hyperanthus, iHipparchia autonoe, iHyponephele Lycaon (abantu abangama-77).
Ngesikhathi sivakashela njalo izibhedlela ezifundwe ngoMeyi kuze kube ngu-Agasti, siphawule ukuthi indiza yezimvemvane zalo mndeni (Satyridae) ezibhedlela ezifundwayo ngesikhathi sokufunda yenziwa ikakhulukazi ngoJulayi - Agasti. Kwakungalezi zinyanga lapho amanani omndeni weLepidoptera (Satyridae) enyuka.
Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele: ngisho nangaphakathi kwemingcele yemiphakathi yasemadolobheni, imiphakathi eyingqayizivele yemvelo iye yathuthukisa edinga ukuvikelwa nokuvikelwa, ngoba inikela elikhulu kakhulu echibini le-gene Republic.
- I-Pesenko Yu.A. Imigomo nezindlela zokuhlaziya ngobuningi ezifundweni zamaphutha. - EMoscow: Nauka, 1982. - 282 k.
- I-Anfinogenova V.G. Oda Lepidoptera Lepidoptera // Invertebrates of the Pripyatsky National Park. - UMinsk, 1997 .-- Isigaba 129-141.
- UHodko E.I. Izinambuzane zamahlathi ethu. - I-Minsk: I-Belarusian Science, 2008. - 38 k.
- IGornostaev G.N. Ukhiye wemiyalo nemindeni yezinambuzane zeqembu eliphakathi kwengxenye yaseYurophu ye-USSR. - EMoscow: IMoscow State University, 1986. - 118 k.
- Kaabak L.V. Amabhotela omhlaba. - EMoscow: Avanta, 2003 .-- 458 k.
Imibandela ebalulekile(kukhiqizwa ngokuzenzakalelayo): izinhlobo, isibhedlela, i-biotope, ukwakheka kwezinhlobo zezilwane, ukwakheka kwendle, umndeni, umuntu ngamunye, i-gomel, umndeni we-lepidopteran we-marigold, esifundeni saseGomel.
AmaButterflies Amahlathi - Imibhalo kuPlywood neLumber
I-All-Fanera> Imibhalo> Ulwazi oluwusizo> AmaButterflies Amahlathi
Kuthathwa ezinye izimvemvane zamahlathi kuphela. Kepha akumelwe sikhohlwe ukuthi ngemuva kobuhle balezivemvane kukhona umsebenzi olimazayo wezibungu zabo - amacimbi, nawo kwesinye isikhathi ahlotshiswe ngama “jewelry” ahlukahlukene - ama-warts anemibala, ama-protrusion, izinwele ezinemibala ehlukahlukene, njll.
I-TRAURNITURE ijabulisa iso ngezingubo zayo ezivelele. Phambilini bekubizwa nangokuthi ngubo yokulila. Uvemvane luyakhula ezizukulwaneni ezimbili.
Ngayinye yazo inombala othile womngcele, emaphethelweni angaphandle amaphiko. Uvemvane lwesizukulwane sesibili olunomngcele ophuzi oboniswe esithombeni. Uvemvane lwesizukulwane sokuqala lunomngcele omhlophe.
Amacembe esihlahla sokulila alimaza amaqabunga e-birch, popula, willow, aspen nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane.
I-SUMMER LANDWATER idume ngokugqwala kwamaphiko ayo ngokugqamile futhi angahambi kahle. Igama lezinhlobo zezimvemvane elihunyushwe lisuka esiLatini liye esiRussia lisho ukuthi “Trojan”, i.e. umhlali wedolobha lasendulo lamaGrikhi iTroy. Ukundiza kweButterfly kuqala ngoJulayi, kuphele ngo-Agasti. Amacimbi ayo adla ikakhulukazi ngamaqabunga e-aspen.
I-TOPOLEVY TAPE TAPE Flying fly ngoJuni-Julayi emahlathini acwebile. Ubambo ubizwa ngaye lapho ethola khona amabala amhlophe emaphikweni wethayi.
I-Ribbon ivame ukunqwabelana ezindaweni ezinomswakama wehlathi, ngasogwini lwemifudlana yamahlathi, eduze nezibi zemvula, kanye nasekuhambeni kwejusi kusuka esiqwini sesihlahla. Ungahlangana naye emaphethelweni ehlathi nasemigwaqweni.
Ukudla kwakhe akuthandayo kungamaqabunga e-aspen nezinye izinhlobo ze-poplar.
I-ZORKA ingatholakala phakathi kwezihlahla zamahlathi ngoMeyi-Juni. Owesifazane uhlukile kowesilisa, ogama lakhe lifakwe kuleli khasi.
Alinazo izindawo ezinkulu eziwolintshi ekhanyayo engxenyeni engenhla yamaphiko angaphambili, zimhlophe, kanti ezingemuva ziyimabula. Uhlangothi oluhle emuva lwamaphiko wasemuva womabili aluhlaza njengamachashazi amnyama namabala amhlophe.
Ezincwadini ezindala zaseRussia, le uvemvane lwalubizwa ngokuthi i-Aurora, igama likankulunkulukazi wasenganekwaneni kokusa kokusa.
IHORSE debuts in entwasahlobo, ivele njengesinye sezimvemvane zokuqala. Ikhula eningizimu ezizukulwaneni ezimbili. Yize uvemvane lubizwa ngokuthi yi-urticaria, amacimbi alo anamahlwathi wonke ahlasela hhayi izimbabazane, kodwa imithombo yemifino. Ngaso leso sikhathi, bopha amagatsha ngentambo engu-silky.
UKUHLAZIYELWA KWE-NIOBE, kundiza ngoJuni-Agasti, ngesakhiwo saso phezulu uhlangothi lwamaphiko kufana nebhodi elincane le-chessboard. Ngaphansi kwamaphiko ayo kunamabala aphuzi angcolile noma akhanyayo ane-tint yesiliva noma ngaphandle kwawo. Uvemvane uqanjwe yinkosi yasenganekwaneni Thebes - Amphion. Umbungu wakhe unambitheke njengehlathi lehlathi.
IMLILA YEMILITARY itholakala emaphethelweni amahlathi. Umbala wezimpiko ulungele igama lawo. Ama-Butterflies andiza ukusuka kuJulayi kuye ekwindla, kuthi emva kokudunga ubusika ezindaweni ezivalekile noma lapho kuhlala khona umuntu, ziphinde zivele entwasahlobo. Amakhethini alimaza izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-elm, poplar, willow nezihlahla zezithelo.
Izinkabi zamehlo ezimpondweni ezingezansi 'zinamehlo' aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Igama elinjalo elichazwe kahle elinjalo lanikezwa uvemvane nguCarl Linnaeus. Indiza uBhungane ngoMeyi-Juni. Ine-proboscis ende, kusihlwa iqoqa umpe kusuka ezimbali epheshaneni elisheshayo, ngaphandle kokuhlala phezu kwawo. I-Brazhniki - amaflaya amahle kakhulu phakathi kwezimvemvane. Amacimbi alo alimaza izihlahla zemifino eziwolowane nezihlahla zezithelo.
I-KAYA BEAR inamaphiko avuthayo, okwenze ukuthi uKarl Linnaeus ambize ngokuthi umGrikhi ovuthayo. Njengombala welangabi lomlilo liguquka, kunjalo nangephepha lezimpiko ze-dipper. IButterfly indiza ngoJulayi-Agasti.
I-YELLOW esithombeni sethu yethulwa ngowesilisa omuhle. Igama lesayensi lesiLatini elithi uvemvane livela egameni elithi "Kolias" - elinye igama lesidlaliso sikankulunkulukazi wasenganekwaneni u-Aphrodite, negama lezinhlobo egameni likaPalaeno - elinye lamagama nymph, ohlala ezindaweni ezinomswakama. Ngempela, isibungu sezimvemvane sidla ama-blueberries akhula kuma-peat bogs, phakathi kwamahlathi e-coniffort. Ibizwa nge-peat jaundice.
I-TAPE RED ngobuhle bayo igama lesiLatini "umakoti". Phambilini, ibinelinye igama - isash elibomvu. Uvemvane indiza ebusuku nasekuseni ngoJulayi-Septhemba, futhi phakathi nosuku ihlala ngokungenantambo emithini yezihlahla. Lapho ehlasela, uvula amaphiko akhe asabise isitha ngombambo obomvu ezimpondweni zezingemuva. Izicubu zeButterfly zilimaza izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-poplars i-aspen ne-willow.
IBlue TAPE itholakale ehlathini kusuka ngoJulayi kuya kuSepthemba. Kepha ukumbona akulula. Njengoba isongelwe ngamaphiko enjengophahla lapho ifika esiqwini sesihlahla, icishe ingabonakali ngokuqhathaniswa nesizinda samagxolo esihlahla. Izibungu zeButterfly zilimaza imephu, imipopula, umondli, udoti nezinye izihlahla ezibabayo.
IPestruska enamaphiko amnyama inendiza enesici esihle kakhulu sokuhlela ezindongeni zamahlathi ngoMeyi-Juni. ENingizimu yisizukulwane sayo sesibili ngo-Agasti nangoSepthemba. Owesilisa akahlukaniswa kowesifazane. Inyoka emhlophe yabonwa ngamaphiko ayo. Uvemvane ngandlela-thile lufana nepestle ye-meadowsweet. Amakhethini atholakala esezingeni kanye nasentwasahlobo yama-nomad, akhula emahlathini naphakathi kwezihlahlana.
PAMLAMUTRA amafulethi phakathi kwezihlahla zamahlathi notshani. Uvemvane omuhle kakhulu unegama elikhethekile lesiLatin elithi "nymph". Sasivame ukubiza uvemvane ngokuthi yi-blackberry. Amacimbi ayo adla izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-amajikijolo asehlathini.
I-LARGE FOREST PERAMUTRATION inezimpiko zangemuva eziluhlaza ngaphansi ngemivimbo e-pearly. Sasivame ukuyibiza ngokuthi ngubo yasebukhosini. ENingizimu, ngesikhathi sokukhula, izimvemvane zindiza kabili - ngoJuni-Julayi nangoSepthemba-Okthoba. Umama wezimbungulu zepharele zilimaza ama-violets ehlathini, izinhlobo eziningi ezivela emndenini weRosaceae kanye nezinye izitshalo.