Izimpungushe ezindizayo - izidalwa ezimangalisayo nezingaqondakali. Bangamaqhawe ajwayelekile amasiko amnyama nezinganekwane, futhi bebelokhu begcina le nkazimulo amakhulu eminyaka.
Izakhamizi zaseScotland zazikholelwa ukuthi lapho izimpungushe ezindizayo zikhuphuka, ihora labathakathi liza. E-Oskfordshire, bekukholelwa ukuthi ibhagi elizungeze indlu kathathu yayiyisithunywa sokufa. Kepha empeleni, ziyizici ezibalulekile zohlelo lomhlaba, futhi eziningi zazo zibukeka zizinhle impela.
Izinhlobo nezindawo zezimpungushe ezindizayo
Impungushe ezindizayo, noma inja endizayo, ingokuhleleka kwamalulwane, umndeni wezinyoni ezinamaphiko. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamalulwane futhi, okokuqala, udinga ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwawo namalulwane.
Ngaphandle, umsuka wezimpungushe ezindizayo ukhumbula kahle impungushe, noma inja, yingakho igama lezinhlobo. Izinja ezindizayo, ngokungafani amagundane, azinayo i- “radar” edumile engazisiza ukuba zikwazi ukuhamba emkhathini.
Izinhlobo ezithile zezimpungushe kuphela, ezihlala ikakhulukazi emihumeni, ezinhlobo lomsindo we-echo - zichofoza ulimi lwazo ngenkathi indiza, umsindo uphuma emakhoneni omlomo ohlale uvulekile.
Ezimweni ezisele, izinyoni ezinamaphiko ziqondiswa umuzwa wokuhogela, umbono, futhi, mhlawumbe, ukuthinta. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, indian flying fox Amehlo amakhulu akhombisa ukuzwakala, futhi yize indiza ikakhulukazi ebusuku, ayisebenzisi i-echolocation, igxile embonweni.
I-pictured iyimpungushe ezindizayo yaseNdiya
Futhi, impungushe inezindlebe ezikhule kahle kakhulu - insikazi ibona kalula amawundlu ayo ngezwi. Indawo yokuhlala kwezimpungushe ezindizayo inkulu impela. Zivamile esifundeni esishisayo nasendaweni ezishisayo empumalanga ukusuka eNtshonalanga Afrika kuya e-Oceania, nasenyakatho kuya esiqhingini iNayile, iSouthern Iran, Syria naseziqhingini zaseNingizimu Japan.
Iziqhingi zaseMauritius kanye neNhlonhlo yeHindustan nakho kuyindawo yazo yokuhlala, futhi kuvamile eNyakatho Australia isimanga ezindizayo Fox. Ngokuya ngobubanzi, izinyoni ezinamaphiko zinezeluleko ezihlukile.
Esikhulu kunazo zonke sibhekwa njenge-kalong - ubude bomzimba bufika ku-40 cm, i-forearm engu-22 cm. Le nhlobo ivamile ePhilippines naseziqhingini zeziqhingi zaseMalay, ibizwa nangokuthi impungushe enkulu endizayo.
Esithombeni kukhona impungushe enkulu endizayo
Izinhlobo eziphikisanayo yiphiko elimfushane, ubukhulu bazo bungamasentimitha angama-6-7 kuphela, amaphiko angama-25 cm cm, ahlala e-Indochina naseBurma. Futhi endaweni engaphansi kweSulawesi kuhlala iSulaweski krylan encane, izakhamizi zakule ndawo ezibheka njengenhlanhla.
Indlela Yokuphila Yendiza Yendiza
Izimpungushe ezindizayo zihlala ebusuku futhi kuhlwe. Akuvamile ukusebenza phakathi nosuku. Kwenzeka ukuthi izilwane ezinamaphiko azinayo indawo yokuhlala yaphakade - zindiza ziye endaweni, kuye ngokuthi kunokudla okwengeziwe.
Izinhlobo ezinkulu zingandiza cishe ngamakhilomitha ayi-100 ngobusuku ngabunye. ngifuna ukudla. Indawo yokondla ingaba ngu-15 km. kusuka endaweni yosuku. Kwezinye izindawo lapho izithelo zokudla zivuthwa khona ngezikhathi ezithile, izilwane ziyahamba.
Kepha imvamisa bazikhethela umuthi owodwa, bese bephila kuwo iminyaka. Noma izithelo ziphela amakhilomitha amaningi ezungeze, izimpungushe zindiza ziye kude ziyofuna ukudla, kepha zibuyele “ekhaya”.
Abantu abakhulu baphumula phakathi nosuku ngamaqembu amakhulu, aze afike ezinkulungwaneni eziyi-10. Izinhlobo ezincane zingagcinwa zodwa. Emini, abawinayo babambelela phansi emagatsheni ezihlahla, ngaphansi kwama-oki, ophahleni lwemhume, bazimboza ngamaphiko abo.
Esikhathini esishisayo, amaphiko asebenza njengabalandeli bawo, futhi azikhotha futhi nesisu ukukhulisa ukudluliswa kokushisa. Imvamisa amakoloni wezimpungushe ezindizayo atholakala emahlathini ama-mangrove nama-eucalyptus. Bangakwazi ukuhlela izinsuku kumapaki.
Isibonelo, eSydney Botanical Garden, kunesinye sezindawo ezaziwa kakhulu. izimpungushe ezinamakhanda ampunga. Enye isici sezimpungushe amandla abo okubhukuda.
I-Imaged iyimpungushe enamakhanda ampunga
Izimpungushe ezindizayo angagcinwa ngaphakathi ekhaya izimo. Uma uthatha isinqumo thenga ngokwakho njengesilwane esifuywayo olunamaphiko, uzodinga ukumlungiselela ukuhlala okunethezekile kwendiza enkulu, evulekile.
Emvelweni, izimpungushe ezindizayo zisheshe zijwayele abantu, zizinikeze ukushaya udle ezandleni zezithelo ezihlongozwayo. Kwezinye izindawo, izimpungushe ezindizayo zixabana nabantu ngokudla izithelo emasimini atshaliwe.
Kulokhu, abantu kufanele bafafaze amasimu ngamakhemikhali, okuholela ekufiseni ubuthi nasekubhujisweni kwezinja ezindizayo. Ezinye izifunda ePakistan zikhiqiza amanoni enja ezindizayo ngezinjongo zokwelapha. Eziqhingini lapho kwakuhlala khona izinyoni ezinamaphiko, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okukhulu, nakho okuthe nomthelela omubi kubantu bakubo.
Abanye abantu basebenzisa inyama yalezi zilwane ukudla, bekuthatha njengokudla okumnandi. Zonke lezi zinto ziholela eqinisweni lokuthi izinja ezindizayo ezihlala eziqhingini zisengozini enkulu.
Umsoco
Lapho kuhlwa, izimpungushe ezindizayo ziqala ukukhathazeka, khona manjalo wonke umhlambi uyahamba uye endaweni yokondla. Ukucinga ukudla, i-winger isebenzisa umuzwa wayo wokuhogela.
Ukudla okuyinhloko izithelo. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, izimpungushe ezinjengezithelo ezivuthiwe nezinephunga lomango, i-avocado, ipapaya, ubhanana nezinye izitshalo ezishisayo - zigaya izithelo ngogologo.
Bangazidla izithelo ezincane ngqo empukeni, noma, zilenga eduze kwakhe emlenzeni owodwa, bathathe owesibili badle uginindela, baphuze ujusi. Isikhumba sezinyoni ezinamaphiko azidliwanga, kepha ilahlwa.
Izinhlobo ezincane zidla umpe kanye nampova. Ezinye izimpungushe ezindizayo zidla izinambuzane. Ezindaweni lapho kungekho khona izithelo ezanele, izihlahla zidliwa ngokuphelele. Ziqinisekisiwe, izinyoni ezinamaphiko ziyaphumula bese zibuyela endaweni yosuku. Amanzi nawo ayadingeka, angawaphuza empukane. Kwesinye isikhathi baphuza amanzi olwandle, aqukethe amaminerali awadingayo.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwembewu yesihlahla sezithelo nokuvundiswa kwezitshalo kuyingxenye enhle yethonya lezinja ezindizayo ohlelweni lwendalo. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi bakha umonakalo, bedla zonke izithelo ezihlahleni nasemasimini aphelele.
Ukuzala futhi isikhathi sokuphila kwezimpungushe ezindizayo
Ukukhiqizwa kwezimpungushe ezindizayo kungesikhathi sonyaka futhi kuncike ezinhlotsheni nasezindaweni zokuhlala. Ngakho-ke impungushe ezindizayo yase-Angolan yaseCameroon ngoSepthemba-Novemba, amawundlu avela ngoFebhuwari. Isikhathi sokukhanywa kwezimpungushe ezindizayo zaseNdiya ziqala ngoJulayi futhi ziqhubeka kuze kube ngu-Okthoba.
Esithombeni, impungushe encane esindizayo
AmaKalong azalaniswa ngoMashi-Ephreli. Ukuhlangana kwenzeka ezindaweni zokudla, abesilisa ngaso sonke isikhathi ukukhetha insikazi. Ama-Cuba avela ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingama-5-7 (ngokuya ngezinhlobo), imvamisa ntambama. Izingane zisebenza kakhulu, zinezinwele eziqinile emhlane wazo, ngaphandle kwamazinyo, kepha ngamazipho.
Umama usuthisa omncane ngobisi lwalo, ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kowesilisa. Insikazi ithwala izimpungushe ezincane ebeleni endaweni yokuncela. Lapho ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingama-2 2 ithole likhula futhi likhulu kakhulu, lihlala lodwa ebusuku lilinde umama walo.
Intokazi iyayondla izinyanga ezi-5. Inyoni encane enamaphiko ihlala eduze nonina ize ibe izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili ubudala. Ngemuva konyaka, uvuthwa ngokocansi futhi azimele ngokuphelele.
Omdala lowesilisa, unikezwa udumo oluningi kwiphakethe. Izimpiko ezinkulu nezindala zithola izindawo ezinhle kakhulu emthini wokuzondla, izindawo ezifinyeleleka kalula zokuphumula futhi zikhetha izinsikazi zazo.
Endle, izimpungushe ezindizayo zihlala iminyaka engaba yishumi, ekudingisweni, le nkathi icishe iphindwe kabili. Njengamanje, izinhlobo eziningi zezimpungushe ezindizayo zibhalwe ku-Red Book.
Isibonelo, impungushe engandile yase-Australia esondele ekuqothulweni ngenxa yokulahleka kwendawo yayo yokuhlala. Gix ezindizayo Fox Yangeniswa futhi Incwadi ebomvu, kepha manje le nhlobo ibhekwa njengezinzile, usongo lokuqothulwa seludlulile.
Ukubukeka
Izimpungushe ezindizayo ngamalulwane amakhulu omndeni wakwaKrylana. Lezi zilwane zithanda ukudla izimbali nezithelo, ngokunembile, ujusi wazo nokuganga. Izimpungushe ezindizayo zikhula ngamasentimitha angama-40 - kuba amagundane makhulu kakhulu. Ububanzi bephiko elilodwa bufinyelela kumitha owodwa nesigamu. Ukuvela kweJavanese kalong (ebizwa nangokuthi izimpungushe ezindizayo) muhle kakhulu. Zinezimbotshana ezincane ezikhonjiwe, umsila nezindlebe zesilwane kuncane.
Ukufana nezinye izilwane
I-Kalong (noma impungushe enkulu ezindizayo) phakathi kwazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni ezinamaphiko iyona enkulu kunazo zonke. Umbala womzimba umnyama, ikhanda nentamo zibomvu. Uboya obuthambile obunqabile bukhula phezu komzimba.
Ukukhohlisa kweKalong nokubomvu kufana kakhulu hhayi kwiziphuzo. Lezi zilwane zinezindlebe ezakhiwe kahle. Nguye obasizayo ukuthi bathole ukudla okulungile. Amabhu nawo afana kakhulu namalulwane: amaphiko esikhumba nendlela yokuphila esebenzayo ebusuku.
Izimpungushe ezindizayo zihlala emhlambini omkhulu endaweni efanayo. Uma kungekho okhathaza izilwane, lapho bazohlala khona iminyaka eminingi. Ngokuvamile ama-kalongs athanda ukuhlala emahlathini aminyene, kepha noma kunjalo angatholakala ezintabeni, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayinkulungwane ngaphezu kolwandle.
Ukuqina kwezilwane
I-fox enkulu ezindizayo ivame ukuphumula ngezikhathi zasemini. Unamathela ngezihlakala zakhe egatsheni lezihlahla alale noma nje akahambi. Futhi, i-kalong ingahlala esigodini noma emgedeni, ibambelele ezindongeni ezingalingani. Wamanga umzimba wakhe ngamaphiko amakhulu, kube sengathi ucashe ngengubo. Kwesinye isikhathi izimpungushe ezindizayo zishisa kakhulu (ehlobo). Kepha izilwane ezihlakaniphile zishaya amaphiko azo amakhulu, zizenzela umoya.
Ebusuku "ukuzingela" izimpungushe ezindizayo futhi zikhombisa konke ukuqina kwazo nobunzima. Ngqo ngempukane, lesi silwane sizama ukukha izithelo esizibonele kude. Kepha imvamisa, ezinamaphiko zimane zinamathele egatsheni lesihlahla ngonyawo olulodwa, kuthi okwesibili zikle izithelo. Okokuqala, izimpungushe ziyibeka emlonyeni wazo, bese ziyichoboza, ikhiphe ujusi bese idla ezinye izigaxa. Konke okusalayo kwengane, i-kalong izokukhafulela phansi emhlabathini.
Ama-Krylans angabizwa ngokuthi ama-assistles kanye nezinambuzane zemvelo. Ngasohlangothini oluhle, izimpungushe ezindizayo zisakaza imbewu. Kepha okungalungile kubizwa ngokuthi ukulimala kwezihlahla zezithelo, ngisho nangamasimu wonke.
Izinzuzo zezimpungushe ezindizayo
AmaKalong azalela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (Mashi-Ephreli). Owesifazane uthwala iwundlu cishe izinyanga eziyisikhombisa. Lapho impungushe ezindizayo ibeletha iphiko elincane elinamaphiko, ngokushesha kuyithatha okokuqala ngqa. Kuphela lapho iwundlu selizimele (endaweni ethile ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kwezintathu), umama umshiye egatsheni, bese endiza eyokudla.
Muva nje, impungushe enkulukazi enkulu ebhalwe kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN. Okwamanje, iphiko elinamaphiko akuzona izinhlobo ezisengozini, kodwa lizinzile. "Flying fox", "igundane lezithelo", "i-Zorro ezindizayo" - wonke la amagama alezi zilwane zemifino.
Izimpiko ezinamaphiko zinamazinyo ajabulisayo ngokwemvelo, zilolwa ngokukhethekile ukuze zidle izithelo namahlamvu. Abalimi bendawo bayazazisa ngempela izimpungushe ezindizayo, basiza abantu. Amagundane agoba izitshalo zasendle nezilinyiwe, futhi abantu baphila ngokuthengiswa kwezithelo, ngakho-ke bayakujabulela ukuhlangana nalezi zilwane ezihlekisayo ezingadini zabo.
Isilwane esikhethekile eRussia
Muva nje, inani labantu baseRussia lithole ithuba lokubheka iphiko elikhulu elinamaphiko embukisweni we-Nizhny Novgorod Exotarium. Abantu abaningi bafuna ukubheka isilwane esingajwayelekile. Ngemuva kwakho konke, lo mbukiso uwukuphela komuntu lapho ungazi khona nge-fox ezindizayo.
E-exotarium ye-kalong, bazama ukudala izimo ezihlala kahle kakhulu zokuhlala kwabo. Igumbi elibanzi okokuqala kufanele libe likhulu kangangokuba isilwane singakwazi ukundiza. Ngakho-ke kulula kubasebenzi be-exotarium ukufundisa i-fox ezindizayo kubantu, futhi bayinakekele nje. Kuze kube manje, ngowesifazane ogama lakhe linguTanakh kuphela ongabonakala embukisweni waseNizhny Novgorod, kodwa kungekudala uzobe eyedwa.
Indawo yokuhlala nendawo yokuhlala
Izimpungushe ezindizayo zitholakala ikakhulukazi emahlathini emvula asePhilippines naseMpumalanga Asia. Uhla lwazo lusuka kwelaseningizimu neMyanmar, Vietnam, Thailand luze luqhamuke nePhalamende laseMalawi liye eSingapore naseIndonesia. Izinja eziningi ezindizayo zihlala ezindaweni ezigudle ugu, kepha ezinye zazo zikhuphukela ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-1000 ngaphezu kolwandle. Zihlala emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo noma emithini, futhi ziphephela ezihlahleni ezinde ezingenamaqabunga, kanye nasemihumeni ejulile.
Ukuziphatha
Izimpungushe ezindizayo ezinkulu zihamba ebusuku futhi zikwazi ukumboza ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-40 ngobusuku obubodwa zifuna ukudla. Lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zisebenzisa isikhathi sazo esiningi ekunakekelweni nasekunakekelweni komuntu siqu. Basebenzisa amaphiko abo amakhulu ukuthola amanzi echibini futhi bawasabalalise emzimbeni wonke. Ngenxa yobuningi bezithelo ezindaweni abahlala kuzo, izimpungushe ezindizayo zakha amakoloni amakhulu anabantu abayizinkulungwane eziningana. Inani elikhulu le-colonization lisiza izilwane ukugcina imfudumalo futhi zigweme izilwane ezidla ezinye. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kubenza babe sengozini kubantu. Amakoloni abo amakhulu adlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu esimisweni semvelo, njengoba esiza ekusakazeni imbewu emahlathini ashisayo.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Photo: Flying Fox
Amakati (abizwa nangokuthi amalulwane ezithelo) angamalungu eqembu elikhulu lezilwane ezincelisayo ezibizwa ngokuthi amalulwane. Amalungu yiwona kuphela iqembu lezilwane ezincelisayo ezikwazi ukundiza isikhathi eside.
Izimpungushe ezindizayo zezithelo zoMhlaba Omdala (umndeni kaPteropodidae) zihlala ngamaqembu amakhulu futhi zidla izithelo. Ngakho-ke, ziyizinambuzane ezingaba khona futhi azikwazi ukungeniswa eMelika. Njengawo wonke amalulwane ezithelo e-Old World, izimpungushe ezindizayo zisebenzisa ukubona kunokusebenzisa i-ecolocation yokuhamba.
Ividiyo: Flying Fox
Phakathi kwama-pteropodid adume kakhulu yi-flying fox (Pteropus), etholakala eziqhingini ezishisayo ukusuka eMadagascar kuya e-Australia nase-Indonesia. Lawa amalulwane amakhulu kunawo wonke. Amanye amalungu amancane kakhulu oMndeni adla impova nempe kusuka ezihlahleni zezithelo.
Izimpungushe ezindizayo ezinezilimi ezinde (iMacroglossus) zinekhanda nomzimba ubude obungu-6-7 cm (2.4-2.8 inches), nezimpiko ezingaba ngu-25 cm (10 inches). Umbala uyahlukahluka phakathi kwama-pteropodid, amanye abomvu noma aphuzi, amanye anemibala noma anebala, ngaphandle kwamalulwane (Rousettus).
Amalungu omndeni wase-Eshiya abandakanya izinhlobo zezimpungushe ezindala ezindizayo nezimpethu zezithelo ezikhipha impumulo (i-Cynopterus). Emalungwini ase-Afrika oMndeni kunezimpungushe ezindizayo ezine-epaulet (i-Epomophorous), abesilisa abanezimbobo zesimo sezinwele ezimpunga emahlombe abo, nesithelo esindizela impungushe enekhanda lesando (Hypsignathus monstrosus), enezindebe ezinkulu ezivuthayo nezindebe ezivuthayo.
Ihlala kuphi impungushe ezindizayo?
Photo: bat Fox
Izimpungushe ezindizayo zingasebenzisa izinhlobo eziningi zezindawo ezihlinzeka ngokudla, ikakhulukazi amahlathi e-eucalyptus. Lapho kukhona izihlahla ezihambelana nezimbali nezithelo, amalulwane ngaphandle kokungabaza azandizela emadolobheni nasemadolobheni, kubandakanya nezifunda eziphakathi nendawo.
Iqiniso elihehayoIzimpungushe ezindizayo ziyizilwane zomphakathi eziningi, zakha ukubanjwa okukhulu, kwesinye isikhathi izinkulungwane zazo. Lezi yizindawo ezinomsindo omkhulu futhi onephunga lapho omakhelwane bahlala bexabana khona ngezindawo zabo ezincane.
Amaqembu amakhulu ezimpungushe ezindizayo ezinempunga ezidla izithelo, eziphakeme ngamasentimitha angama-28, azisadonseki kangako emadolobheni ambalwa ase-Australia, kufaka phakathi neMelbourne. Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, ukwanda kwemithombo emisha yokudla yasemadolobheni nokuthuthukiswa kwamalulwane emakhaya kwenza ukuba amadolobha abe yindawo yawo yokuhlala enkulu. Lokhu kufuduka kwakuyisibusiso esixubile sezimpungushe ezindizayo ezibhekene nokusongelwa kusuka ezingqalasizinda zasemadolobheni, njengamanethi amanetha nocingo oluvinjelwe kanye nokuhlukunyezwa kwabahlali.
I-fox emnyama ezindizayo iyajwayelekile ezindaweni ezisogwini nasogwini ezisenyakatho ye-Australia isuka eShark Bay eWestern Australia iye eLismore eNew South Wales.Kutholwe naseNew Guinea nase Indonesia. Indawo yokuhlala yendabuko yempungushe enamakhanda empunga ngamakhilomitha angama-200 ukusuka ogwini olusempumalanga ye-Australia, ukusuka eBundberg eQueensland kuya eMelbourne eVictoria. Ngo-2010 kwatholakala izimpungushe eziningi ezimpunga zimpunga ezihlala kulezi zindawo zendabuko, ezinye zatholakala ekujuleni kwezwe, ngokwesibonelo, e-Orange, kanye naseningizimu-ntshonalanga, ngokwesibonelo, e-Adelaide.
Izimpungushe ezincane ezindizayo ezibomvu ziyizilwane ezivame kakhulu e-Australia. Bahlala izindawo ezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho nasempumalanga ye-Australia, kubandakanya iQueensland, iNorthern Territory, iNtshonalanga Australia, iNew South Wales neVictoria.
Manje uyazi lapho ihlala khona impungushe. Asibone ukuthi idlani le nyoni enamaphiko.
Ngabe sidlani impungushe ezindizayo?
Photo: Giant Flying Fox
Izimpungushe ezindizayo zivame ukubhekwa njengezinambuzane zabalimi bezithelo. Kodwa-ke iqiniso ukuthi bathanda ukudla kwabo okungokwemvelo - umpe kanye nempova ezihlahleni eziqhakaza izimbali zasendaweni, ikakhulukazi i-eucalyptus nemithi yamakhiwane, yize izithelo zezithelo namajikijolo nazo kudliwa. Lapho ihlathi selisuliwe, izimpungushe ezindizayo zilahlekelwa ngumthombo wazo wokudla futhi ziphoqelelwa ukuba ziphendukele kwezinye izindlela ezinjengezihlahla zezithelo.
Izimpungushe ezindizayo ezimpunga - izimpunga zasebusuku zezimbali eziqhakazayo nezinezithelo. Bathola le mikhiqizo besebenzisa umqondo onamandla wokuhogela kanye namehlo amakhulu afanele ukuqashelwa kombala ebusuku. Izimpungushe ezindizayo zibuyela ezinsizeni ezifanayo njalo ebusuku kuze kuphele amandla. Ukudla kwabo kuhlukile, bangazondla ngezinsalela zemifino yasendaweni, kanye nasezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Bangasebenzisa futhi izinsizakusebenza ezintsha, kubandakanya nezithelo zezihlahla ezitshaliwe, ikakhulukazi uma izinsizakusebenza zabo zokudla zilinganiselwe.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Izimpungushe ezindizayo ezinamakhanda zimpunga zithanda ukudla ngaphakathi kwamakhilomitha angama-20 lapho zihlala khona, kodwa futhi zingahamba amakhilomitha angafika ku-50 ziyofuna ukudla.
Izimpungushe ezindizayo zilungele impilo yezimila njengoba zisabalalisa imbewu futhi zithutha izitshalo zendabuko. Abaphenyi basikisela ukuthi ukufuduka kwe-fox kundiza kungenzeka ngenxa yokushoda kokudla, ukuhamba kompe, noma ukuguquguquka kwesizini.
Lezi zilwane, ezidla izithelo, izimbali, umpe nezimpande, kuyisihluthulelo sokuvumbulula izitshalo nokusabalalisa imbewu. Eqinisweni, angandiza amabanga amade - ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-60 ngobusuku obubodwa - alethe izithelo (kanye nembewu) futhi aqoqe imbewu ngenkathi indiza. Izithelo akunakulindeka ukuthi ziphile uma imbewu yazo ingahambeli kude nezitshalo zikanina, ngakho-ke izimpungushe ezindizayo ziqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa kwazo.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Photo: Flying Fox in the Maldives
Izimpungushe ezindizayo ziya ngokuya ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ziyofuna ukudla nendawo yokukhosela ngenxa yokulahleka kwendawo yazo yokuhlala yemvelo. Kwesinye isikhathi lokhu kungaba yinkinga kubantu bendawo ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngempilo nenhlala kahle yekamu le-fox ezindizayo.
Ukubukeka okujwayelekile iningi lasempumalanga ye-Australia, izimpungushe ezindizayo ezinempunga, noma amalulwane ezithelo kuvame ukubonakala kusihlwa, kushiye amaqembu amakhulu ezindaweni lapho athanda khona ukuhlala ubusuku obubodwa futhi alibangise ezindaweni zawo azithandayo zokudla. Njengoba i-fox ezindizayo enekhanda elimpunga ifakwa kuhlu njengoba isengozini eNew South Wales, kuyadingeka imvume yokuhambisa izimpungushe.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Iphunga eliyinhloko elihlotshaniswa nezimpungushe ezindizayo iphunga lezimpungushe ezindizayo zesilisa ezisetshenziselwa ukubonisa indawo yazo. Yize leli phunga lingabakhathaza abanye abantu, alibeki engcupheni impilo yabantu.
Umsindo ungaba yinkinga uma indawo yokulala ye-fox ezindizayo iseduze kwezindawo zokuhlala nezamabhizinisi noma izikole. Lapho izimpungushe ezindizayo zicindezelekile noma zesaba, zenza umsindo omkhulu kakhulu. Imikhosi imvamisa kakhulu lapho abantu bekhathazekile, kuthi ukuthula kube lapho beshiywe bodwa.
Izimpungushe ezindizayo ziyasebenza ebusuku lapho zindiza amabanga amade ngifuna ukudla. Uma indlu yakho isendleleni yokundiza yezimpungushe ezindizayo, udoti ungaba nomthelela kuyo. Imfucuza evela ezilwaneni eziningi, kufaka izimpungushe ezindizayo, ingaba ophahleni.
Ngubani impungushe ezindizayo
Isilwane singamalungu omndeni wamalulwane, okungabamele abakhulu kakhulu baleli qembu lezinhlobo. Izilwane eziphuma emndenini wezinyoni ezinamaphiko zibizwa ngokuthi izimpungushe ezindizayo noma izinja ezindizayo ukuze zifane nazo. Amakati, ahlanganisa amalulwane, okuwukuphela kwezinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo ezingakwazi ukuhamba emoyeni. Ingqimba yabamele amaqembu e-batshu idla izinambuzane. Ezinye izingosi ezisecurity zidla inyama yamagundwane nezinye izilwane ezincane ngesikhathi sokuzingela. Izilwane ezinamaphiko ziyizilwane ezine-herbivorous kuphela.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Flying fox endizeni
Izimpungushe ezindizayo azizali ngokushesha. Izimpungushe ezindizayo zesifazane zizala lapho zineminyaka emibili noma emithathu, futhi ngokuvamile zizala ingane eyodwa ngonyaka. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukululama ekubulaweni kwabantu abaningi. Amakamu we-bat ayizindawo ezibucayi zokwalusa, ukuzala nokukhulisa izilwane ezincane. Izimpungushe ezinamakhanda ampunga zingahlangana unyaka wonke, kepha ukukhulelwa kuvame ukwenzeka ngoMashi kuya kuMeyi, lapho abesilisa bekhiqiza isivalo.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga eziyisithupha, kanti izinsikazi zizala ikonyana elilodwa esikhathini ukusuka ngoSepthemba kuya kuLwezi. Ingane ibambelela esiswini sikamama futhi iqhutshwa amasonto amathathu kuye kwaba mahlanu, bese ishiyelwa ebusuku ekamu le-bat. Omama babuyela ekamu ngaphambi nje kokuntwela kokusa, bathola amawundlu abo besebenzisa izibonakaliso ezingafani nokwephunga kwabo, bese belincelisa. Omama bopha amaphiko abo ezungeze amawundlu ukuwavikela usuku lonke namazinga okushisa aphansi.
Amawundlu alunyulwa ngemuva kwezinyanga ezinhlanu, kuthi ngemuva kokuzijwayeza ukundiza ikamu lonke, baphume ebusuku nabantu abadala bayodla izimbali nezithelo. Amajaha afunda ukundiza ezinyangeni ezimbili futhi azimele ngokuphelele ngemuva kwenyanga ezayo. Izinsizwa ezimele zithambekele ezingozini, futhi amazinga okushona aphezulu aphezulu phakathi neminyaka emibili yokuqala yokuphila.
Ngabe ibukeka kanjani impungushe ezindizayo?
Isizungwana esincane esikhombe kahle sifana nenja noma impungushe, ngakho-ke isilwane saziwa ngegama. Ngaphezulu kwekhanda kukhona ama-auricles amancane we-annular. Ukufana kwezinyoni ezinamaphiko ngezimpungushe kulele hhayi ngokubukeka nje kuphela, kodwa futhi naseqinisweni lokuthi lapho zifuna ukudla, zithembela ngokuphelele ekuzweni kwazo okuzwayo kanye nokwakheka kahle kwamehlo.
Izimpiko ezinkulu, ezinkulu ezinesikhumba ezinama-membranes kanye nendlela yokuphila yangemuva kosuku kwenza amalulwane abukeke njengamalulwane, kepha kulapho ukufana kwawo kuphela khona. Izimpiko zolwelwesi zisuka emilenzeni ephansi ezinemilenze emihlanu ngezinzipho ezinkulu ziye phezulu, eziphetha ngomunwe owodwa onesihlakala. I-fox ezindizayo eshisayo ine-fur fur enemibala ehlukahlukene emzimbeni wayo. Ijazi loboya linombala onsundu, ompunga, omnyama, obomvu neminye imibala enazo zonke izinhlobo zemithunzi.
Ubukhulu bezilwane
Ubungako bomzimba babathile bezimpungushe ezindizayo bufika kubude obungamasentimitha angama-45. Isisindo sabantu abakhulu kangaka sifinyelela ku-1-1,5 kg, kuyilapho isisindo esijwayelekile sama-kalongs sithathwa ngokuthi singama-gramu ayi-600. Usayizi wezinja ezindizayo uxhomeke ezinhlotsheni ezikuzo. Isilwane esincane salolu hlobo sitholakala sinobude obungama-7 cm, kanti izihlobo zaso ezinkulu sifinyelela ubude obufika kumuntu wemitha.
Izitha zemvelo zezimpungushe ezindizayo
Photo: Black Flying Fox
Kunezilwane eziningi ezidla ezinye ezingadala izinkinga zezimpungushe ezindizayo. Ubungako bezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene buthinta uhlobo luni lwezinkinga abangahlangabezana nazo nabazingeli abahlukile. Ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezindizayo zithola ukudla okumnandi kwe-fox. Lokhu kufaka izikhova kanye namasela. Uvame ukubona ukuthi izikhova zibamba kanjani amalulwane ngenkathi indiza. Zingahamba zinganakwa, futhi lapho izimpungushe ezindizayo zindiza, zidliwa ngaphandle kwesixwayiso.
Izisulu eziyinhloko zezimpungushe ezindizayo:
Izinyoka ziyisisulu esivamile sezimpungushe ezindizayo ezidla izithelo. Izinyoka zingahlangana kalula nezihlahla nezitshalo lapho kukhula khona izithelo ezinjalo. Lezi zinyoka zingahluka ngosayizi kusuka kokuncane kuya kokukhulu. Bajwayele ukuba yinkinga enkulu ezindaweni ezifudumele. Ezindaweni zokwakhiwa kwezimpungushe ezindizayo, imvamisa kunezinkinga eziningi ngokubonakala kwezinyoka.
Kwezinye izindawo, ama-raccoon kanye no-weasels baye bakhonjwa njengabadla izimpungushe ezindizayo. Zivame ukucasha ezindaweni lapho izimpungushe ezindizayo zilala khona. Babalinda emnyango noma baphume kule ndawo. Izicabucabu, ezibizwa nge-tarantulas, nazo zingabulala izinhlobo ezincane zezimpungushe ezindizayo. Izimbungulu futhi zikhonjwe njengezinyamazane ezindizayo ze-fox kwezinye izindawo.
Kwezinye izindawo lapho izimpungushe ezindizayo zihlala khona ezihlahleni, kuye kwaba nemibiko yokubanjwa kwamakati asekhaya. Ngokuvamile azidli izimpungushe ezindizayo, kodwa zingazibulala futhi zidlale nazo. Empeleni, abantu abaningi bathole ukuthi banezimpungushe ezindizayo ngemuva kokuba ikati labo lizilethe ekhaya noma yabonwa idlala neyodwa emgwaqweni.
Isisulu esikhulu sezimpungushe ezindizayo ngabantu. Iningi labantu liyabesaba futhi libabheka njengemagundane ayingozi. Iqiniso lokuthi ikoloni lezimpungushe ezindizayo lingakhula ngokushesha kungenye imbangela yokukhathazeka. Ingozi yokusabalalisa isifo kusuka kumalulwane nayo ikhathaza abantu. Bezwa ngezinkinga zamarabi kanye nezinye izinkinga zempilo ezingaba khona. Abantu bakhathazekile futhi ngemiphumela yomchamo nezindunduma zezimpungushe ezindizayo, ngakho-ke bavame ukubeka izingibe zezimpungushe ezindizayo.
I-Wingspan
Isilinganiso samaphiko e-webbed wesikhumba ama-kalongs amakhulu asuka ku-1.5 kuya ku-1,8 metres. Ebantwini abancanyana, amaphiko amancane kuncane futhi acishe abe ngu-25 cm futhi ububanzi. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu i-fox encane ezindizayo enobubanzi bamaphiko ifinyelela kumitha elilodwa ngobukhulu bomzimba wamasentimitha angama-20. Ibanga elihlaba umxhwele linikeza amandla amalulwane ukundiza ubusuku phezu kwamabanga amakhulu kakhulu, kumakhulu amamitha.
Izinhlobo zezilwane
Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingama-60 zezimpungushe ezinamaphiko ezahluka ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala. Uhlobo ngalunye lunosayizi nemibala yalo ehlukanisa ukusuka kolunye. Ubungako bezinja ezindizayo buqhamuka kumfishane kuya ku-giant. Omncane kunabo bonke ingane uSulaweski krylan, izakhamizi zakule ndawo ezisendaweni engezansi ziyibona inenhlanhla. Ohlukile kunesiqhwaga esikhulu iJavanese kalong, ubukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele obungasabisa abantu abangajwayele lolu hlobo lwesilwane.
Izinhlobo zezimpungushe ezindizayo:
- isiqhwaga (i-pteropus vampyrus),
- I-Comorian (pteropus livestonii),
- encane (i-pteropus hypomelanus),
- Indian (pteropus giganteus),
- isibuko (pteropus Conspicillatus),
- umfudlana (ipteropus pumilus),
- ompunga (pteropus poliocephalus),
- I-Lombok (pteropus lombocensis),
- insular (pteropus insularis),
- imasked (pteropus personatus) nezinye izinhlobo eziningi.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Photo: Ngabe ibukeka kanjani impungushe ezindizayo?
Kunezinhlobo ezingama-65 zezimpungushe ezindizayo emhlabeni, futhi cishe ingxenye yazo isengozini. Izimpungushe ezindizayo zibhekana nokusongelwa ekulahlekelweni kwendawo nasekuzingelweni kweziningi zokuzingela inyama noma ezemidlalo. Lesi simo asilungele imvelo yeziqhingi futhi, ekugcineni, kubantu abahlala lapho. Abalimi abaningi bezithelo bakholelwa nokuthi izimpungushe ezindizayo zimbi ngoba izilwane ezincelisayo zidla izithelo zazo, yingakho ohulumeni abaningana bethanda ukubulawa kwabantu abaningi kwezimpungushe. Ngo-2015 nango-2016, esiqhingini saseMauritius oLwandle i-Indian Ocean, uhulumeni wabulala izimpungushe ezindizayo ezingaphezu kuka-40,000 njengengxenye yomkhankaso wokubhujiswa kwabantu ngobuningi, yize uhlobo lwendabuko, uPteropus niger, lubhekwa njengolusengozini yokuqothulwa.
Ngaphandle kwedolobha, abathuthukisi bavuna izitshalo ezidla izimpungushe, ngoba izindawo zasemakhaya ziya ngokuya ziphenduka indawo yamapulazi nezindawo zokuhlala noma ukuncipha ukukhiqiza uginindela. Uma ukubhujiswa kuqhubeka, inani labantu liyoba nokudla okumbalwa futhi okumbalwa kokudla, okwenza ukucekelwa phansi kwendawo kube usongo olukhulu ezinhlotsheni.
Ukushisa komhlaba wonkana kufaka ingcindezi kubantu abahamba ngezimpungushe ezindizayo. Ngezinsuku ezishisa kakhulu, izimpungushe ezindizayo zingafa ngenxa yokushiswa ukushisa, isimo esibonisa ukuthi zinamathela ngokuhlangana futhi ngokunqenqema kancane ukudonsa kwezihlahla ngesixha esishisayo. Uma kwenzeka ukushisa entwasahlobo, futhi izingane zithembele ngokuphelele kumama bazo, lokhu kungabulala inzalo cishe unyaka wonke.
Uhlelo lokuqapha izimpungushe lwase-Australia olunezinwele ezindala lwaqala ngoFebhuwari 14, 2013, futhi luqhubeka njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu. Lesi yisibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke sezimpungushe ezihamba ngimpunga ezake zenziwa kulo lonke uhla lukazwelonke lwezinhlobo. Inhloso yokubalwa kwabantu wukuqinisekisa ukuqapha okuthembekile kwesibalo samanje sezimpungushe ezindizayo ngonyaka ka-2013 nokubheka isimo esizayo esintwini.
Gix ezindizayo Fox
Ummeleli omkhulu wezimpungushe ezindizayo uthathwa njengegolide weJavanese kalong. Abantu abakhulu lapho sebebadala bafinyelela ubude obufika kuma-55 cm, kuthi phambili (i-23 cm). Isisindo somzimba kuncike esigabeni seminyaka futhi siyahlukahluka kusuka ku-0,65 kuya ku-1,2 kg. Izimpiko zama-kalongs amakhulu zingamamitha amabili. Umbala wekhanda une-tint ebomvu, uboya emuva abemnyama, nezinwele ezimhlophe ezingavamile.
Indawo yokuhlala enkulu ye-kalong enkulu yi-Indochina, kepha izinja ezindizayo ezinkulu zingatholakala ngisho naseziQhingini Ezinkulu Nezincane, iPhilippines, iMalaysia, iThailand, iPhalamende laseMalacca nakwezinye izindawo. Ngaphezu kweziqhingi ezinkulu nezincane, impungushe enkulu endizayo ihlala ehlathini elinezintaba. Uphila impilo esebenzayo yobusuku, ezitholela ukudla, okusebenza njengezithelo zasezindaweni ezishisayo.
Kubabaze
Izimpungushe ezindizayo zalesi zinhlobo zinesici esiyisici, ngenxa yokuthi zathola igama lazo - lokhu kuyimaskhi ekhanyayo ezungeze amehlo afana nezingilazi. Ijazi loboya limnyama kakhulu ngombala ngokugqagqana ophuzi noma obomvu. Isisindo somzimba wezinyoni ezinamaphiko ezihehayo zisuka kuma-400 g ziye ku-1 kg osayizi abasukela kumasentimitha angama-21 kuye kwangama-25. Ngobukhulu obunjalo, amaphiko enja ezindizayo asebangeni elingeqi imitha eli-1.
Lolu hlobo lwezinyoni ezinamaphiko luvame kakhulu e-Australia, ePapua New Guinea, e-Indonesia. Ukhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinamahlathi ashisayo omanzi nothaya izihlahla ezinamanzi. Izinyoni zihamba zidle isidlo sasebusuku ngokuqala kokuhwalala, zihlangana emhlambini omkhulu, zithole izinkulungwane ezimbalwa zabantu. Izinja ezinamaphiko ezigqamile zidla ikakhulu izithelo zemithi kamalibhele, ezinjengamakhiwane, nezimbali zezitshalo zemy My (i-syzygium, i-eucalyptus).
Inja endizayo yaseNdiya
Ama-krylans alolu hlobo ahlukaniswa uboya obomvu obugqamile namehlo amakhulu akhanyayo. Ngobude bomzimba obucishe bube ngama-30 cm, amaphiko aqala ngamasentimitha ayi-120 kuye kwangama-140. Isisindo somzimba wesilisa sisuka ku-1,3 kuye ku-1,6 kg, futhi isisindo sabesifazane asidluli kilogremu. I-Indian fox ezindizayo ingenye yabameli abambalwa bezinyoni ezinamaphiko ezinamakhono we-echolocation, ezingasebenzisi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi zincike kumbono nokuzwa okukhuliswe kakhulu.
Indawo ehlala izinja ezindizayo yaseNdiya ihlanganisa iNhlonhlo yaseHindustan isuka eBurma (Republic of the Union of Myanmar) idlula eSri Lanka, India, Nepal, Pakistan iye eMaldives, etholakala olwandle i-Indian Ocean. Izilwane zithanda izindawo ezinamaxhaphozi kanye namahlathi emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo. Ngaphakathi ezwenikazi, amaqembu ezimpungushe ezindizayo ahlala eduze namachibi ngoba lapho kushisa ayathanda ukubhukuda. Zikhonzwa ubhanana, i-guava, imango kanye nezinye izithelo, kanye nompe wezimbali kanye nempova. Ukuhlinzeka umzimba ngamaminerali, izinja ezinamaphiko zaseNdiya ziphuza amanzi asolwandle.
Usomahlaya
Isisindo somzimba wezinja ezinamaphiko zisuka kuma-600 kuye kuma-800 g ngamaphiko wamamitha ayi-1,4 kuye kwayi-1,8. Izimpungushe ezindizayo zikaLivingston zibukeka zixakile ngoba zinezingubo ezimnyama zoboya ezihlanganiswa namaphiko amnyama lesikhumba. Izinyoni ezinamaphiko zama-Comorian zihlala emahlathini enkungu, lapho zidla khona ngezithelo ezinjenge-ficus ephuzi nezinye izithelo ezingafinyeleleka.
Izimpungushe ezindizayo zikaLivingston zitholakala kuphela kulezi ziqhingi ezimbili zesiqhingi saseComoros. Inani lezinyoni ezinamaphiko zalolu hlobo ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwale ndawo ngaphansi kwamahlathi obhanana aseduze kokuqothulwa. Ngokwesimo salezi zilwane ezingajwayelekile ezingaphansi kwenkulungwane yabantu abasele, ngakho-ke zibhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu. Ukuze kulondolozwe abawinile uLivingston, abakwaD. Darrell Wildlife Fund banezimpungushe eziningana ezindizayo zeComoros ekudingisweni.
Impungushe encane ezindizayo
Ubude bomzimba wenja enamaphiko kanjena busuka ku-18 kuye ku-25 cm ngesisindo esingama-200 kuye kuma-500 g, kuthi amaphiko afinyelele kumamitha ayi-1,2. Umzimba nekhanda lesilwane kumbozwe ngoboya obufushane bokhilimu, ngombala wegolide noma omhlophe esiswini bese kumnyama ekhanda nasemhlane. Inja encane endizayo ingatholakala e-Indonesia, eMalawi, eBurma, e-Australia, ePapua New Guinea, ePhilippines, eVietnam, eThailand, eMaldives naseSolomon Islands. Zonke izinhlobo zezithelo, amahlamvu aluhlaza okotshani, umpe wezimbali, amagxolo ezihlahla awenzela ukudla.
Izici:
Izinhlobo eziningi azinakho i-echolocation, ngoba ziyabona futhi zizwa kahle. Ahamba emoyeni efuna ukudla kwezilwane ezinamaphiko ngenxa yokubona kahle, ukuhogela nokuzwa. Izimpungushe ezindizayo ziyizilwane ezolile, uma ungacabangi ngesifiso sazo sokubusa abasebasha. Ngezikhathi zomzabalazo wokuhola, izinja ezinamaphiko zenza ukubhoboza, imisindo yokuzwa engathandeki.
Indlela yokuphila yephiko
Ngemuva kokudla okunethezekile ekuntweleni kokusa, izimpungushe ezindizayo zibuyela ezindlini zazo, lapho zizolulama khona ubusuku obukhuthele ubusuku bonke. Izinja ezinamaphiko zilala emaphaketheni emihumeni noma emagatsheni ezihlahla. Agibela amagatsha awugqinsi bese elenga emajikeni awo ebheke phansi aphumule kulesi sikhundla. Ngezinsuku ezipholile ngesikhathi sokulala, lapho izimpungushe ezindizayo zilenga emagatsheni, zizimboza ngamaphiko njengengubo, futhi uma kushisa zisebenzisa zona njengefeni.
Esihlahleni esisodwa, izinja ezindizayo zingahlala emaqenjini amashumi eminyaka zize ziphazamiseke. Lezi zilwane zithanda umphakathi omkhulu wohlobo lwazo, ukuhlalwa kwezimpungushe ezindizayo kuvame ukufinyelela kubantu abayinkulungwane. Uma kudingekile, uma izithelo ziphela esifundeni, izinyoni ezinamaphiko zindiza amashumi amakhilomitha, kepha zibuyele esihlahleni sazo (i-ceibes, durian nezinye izinhlobo). Kwesinye isikhathi ngesikhathi sasemini uyakwazi ukuzwa ukukhala kwezimpungushe ezindizayo - lezi zinsizwa ezindala zibusa abancane ngelungelo lokuba nendawo enhle yokuphumula.
Lapho kuhlwa kuqala futhi, imihlambi yezinja ezindizayo izophinda idle isidlo sasebusuku. Lesi siko sansuku zonke sisekela impilo yamalulwane uqobo lwawo nendawo yazo yokuhlala ehlathini. Izinja ezindizayo ziba sengozini kubalimi kuphela, ngoba zingabhubhisa wonke amasimu okutshala amasiko nemikhakha yawo eminingi, okuwalimaza kakhulu.
Ngabe sidlani impungushe ezindizayo?
Izinyoni ziyajwayela ukudla izithelo ezishisayo ezinama-tropical kuphela. Ekufuneni kwabo ukudla, izimpungushe ezindizayo zisizwa umuzwa wazo wokuhogela nokubona. Lezi zici zibonakaliswa ngesakhiwo se-muzzle: impumulo ende enamakhala waso, amehlo amakhulu nezindlebe ezincane. Amazinyo esakhiwo esikhethekile, lezi zilwane zihlafuna izithelo, zincela umpe ocebile wezithelo ezakhiweni zomzimba futhi zikhafule inyama. Ukudla okwenziwe nge-Liquid kulungele amandla aphezulu wejubane lezimpungushe ezindizayo.
Lapho impungushe ezindizayo ithola ukudla, igxumela emqheleni bese ikhetha igatsha elifanele eduze kwezithelo, ibopha namahlandla alo kuso. Ubambelela emagatsheni ngokunethezeka, udonsela ubumnandi obumnandi emlonyeni womunye wemilenze yakhe yangasemuva noma ngeminwe eshisiwe esezandleni zamaphiko. Izimpungushe ezindizayo ziquma ngokucophelela izithelo ngamazinyo amfashini. Ulimi oluguqulwe ngokukhethekile nge-papillae ekhulwe kahle iyabasiza baphuze umpe wezithelo. Idla zonke izithelo ezitholakala kuma-radius ngokushesha, inja enamaphiko iqhubekela kumagatsha angomakhelwane ngezithelo.
Ebusuku, i-winger ngayinye idla inani lokudla eliphindwe kabili isisindo sayo, ukuze kube nezindawo ezanele zokudla okunempilo kosuku. Isifiso esingenakuqhathaniswa sezinja ezindizayo sisiza kakhulu ku-ecosystem. Zinegalelo ekungcoleni okukhulu kwezihlahla zezithelo nezimbali zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene ezishisayo, ngoba lapho zifuna ukudla zithwala impova ngoboya bazo. Izinyoni zisiza ukusabalalisa imbewu enhlabathini yehlathi - emkhakheni wezakhi womzimba wokukhipha izidumbu, ezinye okusanhlamvu zizokhula bese ekugcineni ziphenduka izihlahla zezithelo ezintsha.
Ukuzala futhi impilo ende ku-vivo
Amandla okuzala ezinyoni ezinamaphiko zenzeka cishe eminyakeni emibili ubudala. Cishe kusuka ngoJulayi kuya ku-Okthoba, izimpungushe ezindizayo ziqala inqubo yokuzala. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingaba ngu-130-190 (isikhathi sokukhulelwa singashiyana ngokuya ngezinhlobo), insikazi izalwa kowesifazane. Inyanga yokuqala iphiko elisanda kuzalwa lihlala, hhayi ngokuhlukana nomzali.
Ngenkathi ikonyana lincane kakhulu, linamathela kunina lihambe naye lapho liyofuna ukudla sekumnyama. Ngemuva kwenyanga, ingane isikhulile, kuba nzima ngentokazi ukuyigqoka, ishiye umuthi omncane onamaphiko. Ingane inonina izinyanga eziyisithupha, emva kwalokho iqale impilo ezimele. Impilo yezimpungushe ezindizayo isondele eminyakeni eyi-14 ku-vivo.
Izimpungushe ezindizayo ezithunjiwe
Izinyoni ezinamaphiko zasendle zingatholakala ezindaweni ezivulekile noma ezingadini ze-botanical. Uma, lapho uhlala enkululekweni, isikhathi sempilo yezinja ezindizayo akuvamile ukuthi sifinyelele eminyakeni eyi-15, besekudingisweni, ngokunakekelwa okufanele, isikhathi sokuphila siphindwe kabili. Ubuso obukhulu nentukuthelo enhle kudonsela ukunakwa kwezimpungushe ezindizayo zabathandi bezilwane ezifuywayo ezihlukile. Ukuqukatha indlu enamaphiko, uzodinga i-aviary ebanzi kakhulu.
Ubudlelwano Babantu
Impungushe ezindizayo ijwayela ukuxhumana nabantu uma izizwa inesizotha. Iphiko elinamaphiko lingavumela ukushaya umuntu ophumelele umusa wakhe. Bayakujabulela ukuthola ukudla okuvela kubantu, okufana nobhanana, ama-aphula, ukwatapheya nezinye izithelo. Ingxabano ingaqhamuka kuphela ngokuhlaselwa kwezinyoni ezinamaphiko emasimini ngamasimu amasiko. Kulokhu, izimpungushe ngokwazo zinenkinga yokudla ubuthi ngama-pesticides. Izinja ezindizayo ziyathandeka kubantu ngenxa yenyama, futhi amanoni abo asetshenziselwa izinjongo zokwelapha.
Ukudubula Fox Ukuvikelwa
Photo: Red Fox Flying Fox
Ezinye izinhlobo zezimpungushe ezindizayo, ngokwesibonelo, iMarian, umdondoshiya, iMauritius, izimpungushe ezindizayo zaseComori, zibhalwe kwiBhuku elibomvu. Usizi lwezimpungushe ezindizayo zesiqhingi emhlabeni wonke zidinga amasu asebenzayo, anengqondo ngokwesayensi ukuvikela ekulahlekelweni okuqhubekayo kokuphilayo kanye nokusebenza kwezinhlobo.
Ukusiza izimpungushe ezindizayo, ungazitshalelela izihlahla zokudla endaweni engemuva. Ngokwenza lokhu, uzoheha lezi zilwanyana zasekhaya engadini yakho kuze kube ngamaviki amane ngenkathi zidla ngezimbali noma izithelo zesihlahla. Izihlahla ezidla izimpungushe zidla kuzo zibandakanya iminduze ebanzi, ama-birdy banksy, kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezimbali ze-eucalyptus. Vikela izihlahla zakho zezithelo ngaphandle kokulimaza izimpungushe ezindizayo. Ungazami ukuvikela isihlahla sezithelo kwizimpungushe ezindizayo ngokuphonsa inetha kuso. Amakhulu ezimpungushe ezindizayo nezinye izilwane zasendaweni ziyalimala noma zibulawe unyaka nonyaka, ziboshwe ngotshani obukhulu. Esikhundleni salokho, unamathisela inetha kufreyimu eyakhelwe inhloso futhi uyihudule njenge-trampoline. Ngenye indlela, ungaphosa indwangu enomthunzi ngaphezulu kwesihlahla sezithelo.
Ungalokothi usebenzise izinsimbi ezinomhede we-nylon ezingalimaza izinyoni nezinye izilwane, kanye nezimpungushe ezindizayo, kodwa sebenzisa isisetshenziswa esiqinile esinezimbobo ezingama-40 mm ububanzi noma ngaphansi. Qiniseka ukuthi i-mesh imhlophe, hhayi eluhlaza, ukuze izilwane zikwazi ukuyibona futhi ikugweme. Noma iyiphi impungushe ezindizayo etholakala yodwa ngesikhathi sasemini ingaba senkingeni. Angalimala, agule noma abe yintandane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpungushe ezindizayo ezisenkingeni phakathi kukaSepthemba noJanuwari zingaba abesifazane futhi zibe namawundlu. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwenza ngokushesha nje lapho ubona isilwane.
Ungasithinti isilwane uqobo, ngoba ukuze ukwazi ukubhekana ne-fox ezindizayo elimele, ukuqeqeshwa nolwazi kuyadingeka. Uma isilwane sisemhlabeni, ungasimboza ngebhokisi lekhadibhodi ukuze unciphise ukunyakaza ngenkathi ulinde unogada ukuba afike. Isilwane esilengisiwe esiphansi akufanele siphazamiseke, futhi noma yiziphi izilwane ezifuywayo kanye / noma izingane kufanele sigcinwe kude kuze kube yilapho kutholwa impungushe ezindizayo.
Izimpungushe ezindizayo Kuyizinhlobo ezivikelwe kanti, uma zishiywe zodwa, azinangozi kubantu futhi akunakulimaza ukulimaza ingadi yakho. Cishe ingxenye yezinhlobo zezimpungushe ezindizayo zezithelo njengamanje zisengozini. Izimpungushe ezindizayo zibhekana nezinsongo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kanye nezinsongo ezihlaselayo, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu kuzo ukuzingela kwabantu.
