Umzimba wenhlanzi ubude bawo, uthambile kusuka phezulu kuya phansi. Ikhanda le-sturisoma lidlulile, kanye nokuphuma okuncane emlonyeni. Sinomsila omude, ngenxa yalokho zithola ukubonakala kwesilozi. Amaphiko makhulu. Ubude bomzimba bufika ku-20 cm.
Ukuthola ubulili bale nhlanzi kulula uma kuseduze. Abesifazane bakhaliphile kunabesilisa, futhi uma ubabheka besuka phezulu, amakhanda abo anombala obunjiwe, anamehlo agudleze ebunzini. Abesilisa banamakhanda anamandla ngokwengeziwe, futhi amehlo abo aphansi.
Omunye umehluko ubukhona bamabhulashi (odontode) emadodeni avuthiwe ngokobulili aze afike kubude obuyi-5-6 mm ubude “ngezihlathi”. Uma izimo ze-aquarium zingakulungele ukwanda, khona-ke emadodeni amancane angafinyeleli eminyakeni emithathu, kwesinye isikhathi ama-odontode akakhuli, ngenxa yalokho umnikazi wezinhlanzi angacabanga ukuthi unezinsikazi kuphela.
Izici zangaphandle, i-dimorphism yezocansi
ISturisoma iboniswa ngumzimba omude futhi omfishane, uthambile ezinhlangothini, isiqu se-caudal sinde. Ikhanda seliphakeme, kunenqubo emfushane ku-muzzle. I-sturisoma inamaphiko amakhulu, ukuphela kwe-dorsal fin kunesimo esigoqekile, esigulayo. Umbala womzimba namaphiko uphuzi ngokubomvu. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwamehlo kuya emsileni, kudlula umucu onsundu omnyama eceleni komngcele womzimba, okuyi-eksisi yokuqala yawo edlulela kufaro lobumbuso. Kufinyelela isisekelo se-fin, i-band bifurcates. Umbala wesisu umhlophe ngokwesiliva, amabala aphuzi aphuzi abonakala kuso. Imisebe yamaphini ipendiwe ezindaweni ezimnyama ezinsundu.
Izinsikazi zinombala olula, ogqamile kwesikali, isikhumba esiseduze kwe-dorsal fin kanti nengxenye yayo yangaphambili idwetshwe emthunzini we-ocher, amanye amachibi nezinhlangothi zidwetshwe ngethoni emhlophe grey. Ngaphambi kwenqubo yokunwebeka, isisu sowesifazane sivele ngaphandle, kuba ngesimo esigoqiwe. Ocwaningweni oluningiliziwe lokulinganisa okuphezulu komzimba, kuyabonakala ukuthi i-sturisoma yabesifazane inekhanda elincane nelinomishado, amashiya abhekiswe ebunzini. Ama-Odontode avela owesilisa, alungiselela ukuqhuma, ezingxenyeni ze-gill - lezi izinqubo eziminyene zomhloshana ukusuka ku-1 kuye ku-6 mm ubude. Amaduna amancane anama-odontode 1 mm ubude, emadodeni amadala akhulile - ama-5-6 mm. Kwabesifazane, lokhu kukhula akukho. Ubude bomzimba we-sturisoma yabantu abadala bufika ku-15-20 cm. Isikhathi sokuphila ekudingisweni: iminyaka engama-8-10.
Ungagcina kanjani ku-aquarium yasekhaya
Izitshalo zezitshalo (ama-mosses nezinhlobo ezine-hard-leaved), imihlobiso yamatshe, kanye nezingodo ezenziwe ngamapulangwe e-aquarium. Ukuhlunga kanye nokwengeza nge-oxygen kuyadingeka. Amapharamitha anconyiwe emvelo yasemanzini: lokushisa angama-24-28 degrees Celsius, acidity 6.5-7.0 pH, hardness 4-10 mayelana. Gcina amanzi akho nephansi ihlanzekile - kanye ngeviki, faka ama-25% wevolo lamanzi ngamanzi amasha. Ngosizo lokuhlunga okwenziwe ngemishini, ungadala isisekelo samanzi ngaphansi komhlaba esithandwa ngama-sturisomes.
ISturisoma ingazizwa imbi ngenxa yokukhula okukhulu kwama-ciliates angama-unicellular endaweni yasemanzini, ngakho-ke ungakhohlwa ukuhlanza yonke imvelo. Ngaphezu kwengxenye yokudla kuhluzwa ukudla kwezitshalo: uphizi, ulethisi, isipinashi, i-zucchini, amaqabunga we-nettle, ukhukhamba. Unganikeza ukudla okubukhoma, izengezo zokufakelwa ngendlela yama-flakes namathebulethi. Ungazidli izinhlanzi ngokweqile - ngeke zidle ukudla okuningi, uma kungenjalo, inhlabathi izongcoliswa izinsalela zokudla ezibolayo. I-sturisoma encane inesisu esichazwe kahle uma isondlekile ngokugcwele. Njengokudla okubukhoma, unganikeza i-artemia, iminyundu yegazi, inyama yenkomo enamafutha amancane (inyama eyinyama), inyama eshisiwe.
Imithetho yokuqukethwe
Le nhlanzi iqala ukuhambahamba ntambama.
Umsebenzi wezinhlanzi ubonwa kusihlwa nasebusuku. Ntambama, ukhetha ukuchitha isikhathi eduze namatshe. nezibambo ezitholakala eduze kwengilazi ye-aquarium. Ungagcina abantu abanjalo becula noma ngamaqembu amancane aqukethe owesilisa nowesifazane ababili.
I-Sturisom catfish ingadla izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokudla, kepha ikhetha ukudla okwenziwe ngefrimu nefomu eluhlaza, nayo idla ukudla okuphilayo.
Kungaba:
Ukudla okwomile, ukudla kwezitshalo kuyadingeka futhi. Lezi zokugcina zifaka ukhukhamba, i-zucchini, iklabishi kanye ne-ulethisi. Kumele akhishwe kusengaphambili ngamanzi abilayo. Umthetho obalulekile wokondla izinhlanzi ze-aquarium: ukudla kufanele kukhethwe okuhlukahlukene nokulinganiselayo. Ukudla kwezilwane kufanele kube yi-30% yokudla. Unganikela ngemikhaza yegazi, ishubhu, daphnia.
Ulwazi oluvamile
ISturisoma panama (Sturisoma panamense) - inhlanzi enamanzi ahlanzekile evela emndenini kaLorikariyev (Chain) catfish ngokubukeka okungajwayelekile. Ukuchazwa kokuqala kwesayensi ngezinhlobo zezilwane kwenziwa emuva ngo-1889 ngusosayensi wemvelo u-Eigenmann. Igama lohlobo lungahunyushwa ngokuthi "inhlanzi enomzimba we-sturgeon", ngoba isizalo se-catfish sifana kakhulu nenhlanzi ebaluleke kakhulu ethengiswayo.
Isigaxa se-sturisoma sifana kakhulu ne-sturgeon
Ngenkathi ama-sturisomes angabhebhetheki ezindaweni ezinamanzi amateur, isimo somzimba esijabulisayo esifana nezinhlaka zikadrako, kanye nokuzithoba kokugcina nokuzalanisa kwenza izinhlanzi zithandeke kakhulu.
ISturisoma ayisihle kuphela, kodwa futhi inhlanzi ewusizo. Ukujabulela ukudla konke okusele ezansi kwe-aquarium, kanye nokufakelwa kwe-algal ezindongeni, imihlobiso, izitshalo, ngakho-ke kusiza ukugcina inhlanzeko.
Ama-Catfish akhuthele impela, kepha ikakhulukazi ahola indlela yokuphila yakusihlwa futhi uhlale eduze naphansi. Ekuqaleni, ama-sturisomes ama "savage", okungukuthi, abanjwe emvelweni, okuthe kunzima ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, athengiswa. Manje izinhlanzi zifakwa emapulazini akhethekile enhlanzi nakwabafuyi abazimele.
Ukubukeka
Isidumbu sePanamani sturisoma siphansi, sithambile kusukela ngezansi. Isiqu se-caudal side kakhulu futhi sinamathisele eduze kwe-caudal fin, eyenza ibukeke njengodrako. Ikhanda likhonjisiwe. Umlomo uguqulwa ube yinkomishi yokudonsa, evumela inhlanzi ukuthi ihlale inamandla aqinile futhi ikhiphe imfucumfucu ye-algal.
Amaphiko makhulu. I-dorsal crescent igobile, i-caudal ilayishwe kabili ngamaphethelo we-film. Imisebe eyeqile yamawele asele nayo iyadluliswa.
Umbala oyisisekelo womzimba ungahluka kusuka kumnyama kuya obomvu ophuzi ngamabala amnyama. Ukusuka ngamehlo kuya emsileni kudlula umucu obanzi onsundu, ogcwele phakathi kwe-dorsal fin. Isisu sidwetshiwe simhlophe ngokwesiliva futhi sigqagqene ngamabala aphuzi ansundu.
ISturisoma Panama. Ukubukeka
Ngevolumu efanelekile, inhlanzi ingakhula ize ibe ngu-20 cm ubude. I-dimorphism yezocansi ibuthakathaka. Izinsikazi zinombala we-paler, ikhanda lazo lincane, libunjiwe njenge-wedge. Ngaphambi kokusaphazeka, umuntu angabona ukubambana okuqinile kwengxenye engaphandle yomzimba sowesifazane. Futhi abesilisa bavela ama-otodontes - amathe asolwandle emaceleni ekhanda. Ezinhlanzini ezincane, azidluli i-1 mm, kubantu abadala zifinyelela ku-5-6 mm.
Isikhathi sokuphila e-aquarium sifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-10.
Habitat
Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo ye-Panamanian sturisoma ifaka phakathi izidumbu zamanzi eCentral naseNingizimu Melika. Inhlanzi itholakala emazweni anjengePanama, Colombia, Ecuador, njll.
I-biotope ejwayelekile yimifula ehlanzekile ejulile ene-yamanje enamandla. Ngokungafani nezihlobo zabo, i-loricaria, ekhetha amanzi angajulile wesanti, ama-sturisomes athambekele kakhudlwana ezindaweni ezinamadwala eziqinile.
Ukunakekelwa nokugcinwa
Ngokugcina ama-sturis, kunconywa ama-aquarium amalitha ayi-150 noma ngaphezulu, ngoba izinhlanzi zinkulu, zisebenza kakhulu, futhi zizizwa zikhululekile uma zihlala ngamaqembu amancane (abantu abangu-3-5).
Njengomhlabathi, ungasebenzisa amatshe amancane ayindilinga. Qiniseka ukubeka amatshe amakhulu ayizicaba kanye ne-driftwood yemvelo emanzini. Okokuqala, ama-sturisomes athanda ukuphumula ezindaweni ezinjalo, okwesibili, i-algae ingavela kuzo, ezizokujabulela ukudla nge-catfish, futhi ekugcineni, zingaba yisigcawu esihle sokusakazeka. Izitshalo ezinganciphisi ukukhanya zingatshalwa e-aquarium: anubias, mosses, njll.
I-Sturisoma panama e-aquarium enezitshalo eziphilayo
Ama-Sturisomes abucayi kakhulu ngekhwalithi yamanzi. Ungatshala izinhlanzi kuphela ku-aquarium esetshenziswe kahle ngomjikelezo we-nitrogen oqinile, ngoba ukugcwala okukhulu kwe-nitrogen compounds kungaholela ekufeni kwabo okusheshayo. Amanzi kufanele ahlanzeke futhi abe nomoya-mpilo, ngakho-ke qiniseka ukufaka imicibisholo ne-compressor efanele amandla. Njengasemvelweni, ama-sturisomes afana nesisekelo esinamandla ku-aquarium.
Ukuze ulondoloze amanzi asezingeni eliphakeme, ungakhohlwa ukubuyisa esikhundleni sokufika kuma-20% wevolumu ye-aquarium.
Amapharamitha alungile wamanzi okuqukethwe: T = 22-28 ° C, pH = 6.0-7.5, GH = 5-15.
Ukuvumelana
Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obuhlaba umxhwele, i-sturisoma yinhlanzi yasePanamani enothando. Empeleni akaxabani nezihlobo, ngabesilisa kuphela abangabaxosha omakhelwane ngenkathi begada ukubekwa kwamaqanda. Ama-Catfish awanaki izinhlobo ezincane ku-aquarium ejwayelekile. Vele, i-aquarium yezinhlobonhlobo enesikole senhlanzi ingaba yisixazululo esifanelekile sokugcina i-sturis, kepha uma ifunwa, nayo ingatshalwa e-aquarium ejwayelekile cishe kunoma iyiphi inhlanzi: izinyoni eziphilayo, i-zebrafish, imigoqo, imidlwane.
ISturisoma Panama - inhlanzi enkulu kodwa enokuthula
Kodwa ukugcina ama-sturis ngezinhlanzi ezisebenzayo ezidliwayo akukufanele. Ngenxa yemvelo yabo enamahloni, bangahle baphele umncintiswano wokudla futhi bahlale belambile.
I-Panurian Sturisoma Feeding
ISturisoma Panama isidlo se-algae esisebenzayo; ngaphezu kwe-70% yokudla kwayo kungukudla kwezitshalo. Izosheshe idle imfashini ye-algal ebonakala emanzini, ngaleyo ndlela igcina ihlanzekile. Kepha isifiso esihle singamdlalisa inkohliso. Ngokwezibalo, ukubulawa yindlala yisona sizathu esiyinhloko sokufa kwezinhlanzi emanzini. Ngakho-ke, ama-sturisomes adinga ukondliwa ngokudla kwezitshalo.
Imvamisa ama-aquarists asebenzisa imifino nama-greens ekondleni ama-sturis, kepha akumelwe sikhohlwe ukuthi ukuba khona kwesikhathi eside kwemikhiqizo enjalo emanzini kuzoholela ekuwohlokeni kwekhwalithi yayo. Kungcono kakhulu ukuhlala ezibhebheni ezikhethekile zezinhlanzi ezingaphansi ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezakhi zezitshalo, isibonelo, amaTetra Pleco Amathebhulethi, Tetra Pleco Spirulina Wafers, Tetra Pleco Veggie Wafers. Lokhu okuphakelayo okulinganiselwe ngokuphelele okuhambisana nezidingo zezinhlanzi ezi-herbivorous. Zicwila ngokushesha ziye ezansi, okunciphisa ukuncintisana kokudla nezinye izinhlanzi. Ngenxa yalokhu, okuphakelayo okuhlosiwe kwama-sturis anamahloni kungenzeka. Ukwakheka kwamacwecwe kufaka i-spirulina / zucchini - izakhi ezifanele kakhulu izinhlanzi ze-herbivorous.
Ukuzalela nokuzalela
Ukuzalisa ama-Sturis akunzima ikakhulukazi. Ukuthomba kwezinhlanzi kwenzeka eneminyaka eyi-18 ubudala. Izimpawu zobulili eziqondile zingukutholakala kwabesilisa abama-bristles aminyene - ama-odontode. Kodwa-ke, uma izinhlanzi zigcinwa zisesimweni esingafanele, kwesinye isikhathi ama-bristles angeke akhule. Izinsikazi zibuye zibe nekhanda elide, uma ubheka inhlanzi evela phezulu. Indlela ethembeke kunazo zonke yokuthola ubulili ukwakheka kwephaphu lobufazi.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlanza, abesilisa baba nolaka futhi bavame ukuhlasela abesifazane. Kodwa-ke, lezi ziketi azilimazi muntu. Ukuzala kabusha kungenzeka kuzinhlanzi zombili ezijwayelekile nezivulekile. Endabeni yokugcina, udinga i-aquarium ngaphandle kwenhlabathi, enesihlungi nehitha. Isendlalelo sokusakazeka indawo eqondile: amashubhu epulasitiki, i-driftwood, izindonga ze-aquarium.
Indawo owesilisa owakhethe kuyo ukuba ihlume ihlanzwe ngokuphelele nguye, futhi emva kwalapho owesifazane evunyelwe kuyo. Isikhathi esidlulayo sisuka kwengxenye yehora kuya emahoreni ambalwa. Ukuzala kowesifazane kungaba amaqanda amakhulu angama-30-120.
Ungawuthola kanjani ubulili
Ngisho ne-novice aquarist ingahlukanisa ubulili be-catfish.
Abesifazane babukeka njengabesilisa. Amaphiko alo nezinhlangothi zimhlophe-grey. Ikhanda labesifazane lincane kunelileleduna futhi linesimo segeji. Amehlo ashukumiseleke eduze nebunzi. Njengoba ukusondela kusondela, isisu sowesifazane siqala ukugoba.
Kwabesilisa, ngokungafani nabesifazane, kuvela ama-odontode lapho ekhula. Lezi izinqubo eziminyene ezifana nama-bristles, ubude obuyi-1-6 mm. Uma inhlanzi inganakekelwa kahle, ama-odontode angaqhamuka. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokushisa okuphansi, ukugcwala komoya oksijini, kanye nezinga lamanzi elibi. Kulokhu, iduna lingahlukaniswa yi-papilla yesitho sangasese. Futhi, uma ibukwa kusuka phezulu, ikhanda lowesilisa libanzi futhi lifushane ngobude.
Ukuvuthwa kocansi kwePanamanian Sturisoma kwenzeka ezinyangeni eziyi-18.
Ukuzala
Ngonyaka nesigamu, izinhlanzi ziyavuthwa ngokocansi. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, lokhu kunganqunywa ngokuba khona kwama-bristles emadodeni (kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezingafanele, ama-otodonts kungenzeka avele).
Lapho ukuqhuma kwenzeka, abesilisa banolaka kwabesifazane, kepha izinhlanzi azilimazi. Ngalesi sikhathi, udinga ukondla kakhulu inhlanzi ngokudla kwezitshalo. Uma umnikazi efuna ukuthola inzalo, lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi sekuyisikhathi sokubeka izinhlanzi ezindaweni ezivuthiwe (uma izinhlobo ze-aquarium, zingashiywa ethangini elivamile).
Ukuze uhlomise ukuqhekeka, udinga isihlungi, i-heater, i-driftwood. Inhlabathi ayilali phansi, njengoba inhlanzi ibeka amaqanda ezindongeni eziqonde phezulu. Amanzi kufanele abe acidic futhi athambile.
Ngaphambi kokuqala inqubo, owesilisa uhlanza indawo yokunwebeka, bese kuvumela insikazi kuphela ukuyingena. Ngesikhathi, uyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda angama-40 kuye kwangama-150. Mikhulu, ikhanya ngombala futhi ibonakala kahle ku-aquarium. Ngemuva kokuhluma, owesilisa unakekela inzalo.
Ngosuku lwe-5-10, gazinga amaqanda. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala badla i-yolk sac. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuphakelwa okwenziwe ngomumo ngohlobo lwe-herbivorous Fry, ulethisi onesikali, ithanga elibilisiwe, iklabishi noma i-ciliates kufanelekile. Ngalesi sikhathi, abazali bangcono kakhulu, ngoba izingane zigijimisa ubungozi bokudliwa. Ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwefry, kubalulekile ukubheka ngokucophelela amapharamitha amanzi, angavumeli izinguquko zawo. Kunconywa izinguquko ezijwayelekile zamanzi amancane.
Ama-aquarists amaningi anolwazi okokuqala ngqa ezwa ngenhlanzi enjenge-sturisoma. Kodwa-ke, iqiniso lokuthi nayo inezinhlobonhlobo zayo iyafuna ukwazi. Cabanga ngezinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu:
1. ISturisoma Panama (I-Sturisoma panamense). Okujwayelekile kunakho konke, kuhlala emanzini oMfula iMagdalena. Ngokwemvelo, i-sturisoma ingakhula ize ibe ngu-24 cm ubude, e-aquarium ifinyelela ku-18 cm kuphela. Umbala womzimba ubomvu ophuzi, onomugqa omude onsundu. Izinhlangothi, isisu nezinsini zingwevu,
2. UGolide (Sturisomatichthys aureum). Ummeleli omkhulu, emvelweni kunabantu abanobude obungamasentimitha angama-30. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, bakhula babe ngamasentimitha angama-20. Umbala womzimba uligolide, unemivimbo eminquma nemide emide. I-caudal fin iphetha ngenqubo ende yefilimu, inhlawulo yedorobheli igobeke ngokuqinile phansi,
3. Yinde noma i-barbatum (i-Sturisoma barbatum). Inombala onsundu, imivimbo emide ye-longitudinal emaceleni kanye namaphini amabala,
4. Umkhosi (I-Sturisomatichthys festivalum). Umbala wenhlanzi ushintsha ngokuya ngesimo sawo, ngakho-ke kungaba mnyama noma kube mnyama, kube nemicu emibalabala e nsundu. Ekupheleni kwe-caudal fin, kunezinqubo ezinde zefilimu ezifika ku-7 cm,
5. Isimnyama (Sturisoma nigrirostrum). Le nhlanzi ihlukile kunezinye ezisebusweni, ikhanda lokukhula elimnyama. Umbala womzimba ungwevu, onombala onsundu kanye namabala amnyama. Ikhula ibe ngu-23 cm, 10 cm okuyimisila yemisila.
Isebenziseke kangakanani le ndatshana?
Isilinganiso esimaphakathi 5 / 5. Amavoti wokubala: 4
Akukho mavoti okwamanje. Iba ngowokuqala!
Siyaxolisa ukuthi lokhu okuthunyelwe akubanga nalusizo kuwe!
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Emvelweni panamanian struris imvamisa ifinyelela ngamasentimitha angama-26 ubude, kuyilapho kuyi-aquarium, ngisho nasendaweni eyodwa ebanzi, azikho ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-18-20. Ama-Sturisomes ukhule ngokocansi bese uqala ukuzala eneminyaka eyi-1.5, ufinyelela amasentimitha ayi-15 ubude.
I-dimorphism yezocansi ezinhlanzini ingabonakala kancane ngaphambili, abesilisa banamandla amakhulu futhi bakhanya ukwedlula abesifazane, banama-finsal dorsal and pectoral more, anemisebe emide eyeqile. Njengoba bekhula, i-sturis "ikhala" elikhululiwe (i-rostrum) - ihlumela elikude emhlathini ongenhla - liya ngokuya libonakala. Abizwa ngokuthi ama-odontode (amadevu) avela “ezihlathini” zabesilisa, okuyizinto ezibunjiwe ezisuswini kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-6 mm ubude, futhi izikhala ezihlukaniswe kahle emisebeni yamaphinifa aphambili.
Kulesi sikhathi, izwe liqala ukuzibonakalisa ngokuziphatha kwabesilisa, okukhonjiswa emizamweni ebonakalayo yokuxosha hhayi izimbangi zabo kuphela, kepha nabesifazane abasondele empahleni yabo. Ngokuvamile, izenzo ezinjalo azihlanganisi noma imiphi imiphumela yokwephula umngcele.
Uma izimo ezinhle zokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlanzi zingadalwanga e-aquarium (izinga lokushisa elinganele, ikhwalithi yamanzi engeyinhle, ukucindezelwa okungapheli ngenxa yabomakhelwane abasebenzayo kakhulu e-aquarium), ama-odontode kwesinye isikhathi ancipha emadodeni amancane (kuze kube amathathu). Imvamisa, ngenxa yezizathu ezifanayo, ama-odontode awakhuli emadodeni amadala asemadala, ngenxa yalokho angadlulela kwabesifazane. Okuthembeke kunazo zonke lapho kunqunywa ubulili ukucabanga nge-papilla yangasese yezinhlanzi ezivuthiwe.
Futhi into eyodwa: uma ubheka izinhlanzi ezindala ezivela phezulu, abesilisa banekhanda elifushane nelibanzi kunezintokazi.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwePanamani sturisoma
Panama sturisomes zihlobene nenhlanzi enamahlwili, uncamela ukuhlala emfuleni wamanzi. Ukulingisa indawo yokuhlala yemvelo ngesikhathi sokukhula, ku-sturisam idinga i-aquarium enenani lamalitha okungenani angamakhulu amabili, ene-duct. Ukugeleza kwakhiwe ngokuhlunga okubonakalayo kokuzungeza, kanye nokwenziwa ngesikhathi.
Lapho udala izimo ezifanele, panamanan sturisomes kungavela ku-aquarium ejwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhethwa kwendawo kuncike esimweni esikhona se-hydrodynamic e-aquarium, njengomthetho, owesilisa ukhetha indawo etholakala endleleni yokuhamba kwamanzi ebonakalayo, imvamisa iyindawo ebushelelezi eqondile, efana nepayipi le-ceramic, ucezu lwepulasitiki olungaguquki, udonga noma i-driftwood noma nje udonga lwe-aquarium.
Ngalesi sikhathi, insikazi imvamisa ukuzungelezwa futhi izame ukuhlala eduze kowesilisa, ekuqaleni imxosha ngentshiseko, ngenkathi ihlanza inhlansi ekhethiwe. Ngemuva kokulungisa amabala avuzayo, kuvumela insikazi ukuba isondele.
Ukuqhuma kuvame ukwenzeka kusihlwa. Ukuziqhekeza ngokwako kuthatha imizuzu engama-30 kuya emahoreni athile.
Kwesinye isikhathi ama-sturisomes beka amaqanda endaweni evundlile (noma ecishe ibe buthe). Emanzini ngaphandle kwenhlabathi, ingilazi engaphansi nayo ingaba ngumphezulu onjalo.
Isikhathi sokufakwa, ngokuya ngesilinganiso sokushisa, sihlala izinsuku ezingama-7-9. Izibungu ezibunjiwe zishiya indawo yobumbano futhi, njengoba zinamathele engilazini noma ezitshalweni, izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ziphila ngesigaxa se-yolk esincane, ngezikhathi ezithile zisuka endaweni ethile ziye kwenye. Abesifazane abathandeki ukuluma ngokubopha izibungu, ngakho-ke, bambalwa kuphela abasindayo, futhi ngokuvamile kudliwa zonke izibungu.
Ukuzalanisa okuhlosiwe panamanian sturis, abakhiqizi kufanele bathunyelwe e-aquarium ehlukile ngaphandle kwenhlabathi, ifakwe isihlungi se-canister enamandla nehekitha elinomlawuli wokushisa.
I-Sturisoma Panama ngobumbano
Ukuzalanisa okuphumelelayo panamanian sturisoma, kufanele kuhlangatshezwane nemibandela emibili: ukondliwa okuningana nokuhlukahlukene kanye nokuba khona kwenani elikhulu lamanzi asezingeni eline-duct.
Ubunzima obukhulu bukhona ekugcinweni kanyekanye kwalezi zimo ezingenhla, ngoba ukuqaliswa kokuqala kudala ubunzima ekusebenzeni kwesibili.
Imvamisa ukuqhuma kubhangqiwe, kepha ukuqhekeka kweqembu kungenzeka, lapho izinsikazi ezimbili noma ezintathu ziveza owesilisa ngasikhathi, zibeka imichilo yazo kude kakhulu komunye nomunye, endaweni ekhethwe owesilisa.
Izinsikazi zingazalela amaqanda nomehluko ofinyelela ezinsukwini eziningana, okukuvumela ukuba ubheke kanyekanye amaqanda ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene zokukhula kwawo. Ngokuhambisana nalezi zimo ezingenhla, insikazi ngayinye izalela amaqanda angama-70 kuye kwangama-120. Ubunzima obukhulu besifazane amaqanda ayi-160 wombala oluhlaza okhanyayo, obukhulu obungama-2,8 mm.
Owesilisa unakekela zonke izindwangu ngasikhathi sinye, alandele ngokucophelela ukuhamba kwezinsikazi. Futhi uma kwenzeka esaba okuncane ngempilo yenzalo yesikhathi esizayo, ngokushesha uthatha indawo eduze kobumbano oluvikelwe. Esikhathini esinjalo panamanian sturis kungcono ukungaphazamisi, ngoba lapho bebona isithunzi somuntu e-aquarium, bashiya ukubumbana babuyela kuso kuphela lapho ingozi isidlulile. Ngesikhathi sokungabikho kowesilisa, i-clutch ingabhujiswa insikazi noma enye inhlanzi uma ukuqhuma kwenzeka e-aquarium ejwayelekile.
Amaqanda aluhlaza anamathela, aqhakaza abe mnyama njengoba ekhula futhi eba mnyama ngombala lapho kuphuma izibungu. Uma ukubumbana kusekukhanyeni, ukuphuma kwesibungu kuyabambezeleka, uma ebumnyameni kusheshiswa.
Ngesikhathi sokufakwa kokufakelwa, kufakwa i-nebulizer eyengeziwe ngaphezu kobumbono, bese kuthi i-methylene ibe luhlaza (0.5 mg / l) emanzini.
Panama sturisomes ikwazi ukuvela emanzini alukhuni, kepha kulokhu, i-caviar ilahlekelwa ukunamathela kwayo futhi isivuno se-fry siphawuleka kangako kunokuba sithambile.
Ngemuva kokubopha izibungu, owesilisa ushiya kuye imisebenzi yokuqhubeka nokunakekela inzalo. Akekho yena noma owesimame owazalela amaqanda, noma ezinye izinsikazi kulesi sidleke.
Ngezizathu zokuphepha, kusetshenziswa ithhubhu yengilazi, izibungu kufanele zidluliselwe kwesinye isitsha esinezimo ezifanayo.
Ngemuva kwamahora acishe abe ngu-40, izibungu zijika zibe-gazinga bese ziqala ukondla ngokweqiniso.
Zingama-raifter, i-artemia nauplii ebulalayo, ukudla okwomile okusezingeni eliphakeme lokuthosa.
Eminyakeni yangesonto elilodwa, gazinga iqala ukufaka amaqabunga asikiwe futhi aqhekekile e-dandelion, isipinashi, i-nettle, iklabishi, i-semolina (ephekwe isikhathi esingaphansi komzuzu, bese ihlungwa), uginindela ofrintwe we-zucchini noma ikhukhamba (imifino ebunjiwe ifriziwe efrijini, futhi ingxenye edingekayo iyancitshwa ngokushesha ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa) - imifino enjalo inombhalo othambile futhi idliwa kahle yi-fry).
Ukudla kwezilwane kuchotshoziwe ngaphambi kokusebenzisa nge-blender. Isilinganiso sokuphakelwa kwezitshalo nezilwane cishe ziyi-7: 3.
I-snag encane kufanele ibekwe ku-aquarium ekhulayo; ubukhona bayo bufuneka kakhulu ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwephepha lesisu lezinsizwa.
Nakulokhu futhi, into ebaluleke kakhulu yokuzalanisa okuphumelelayo i-sturis - Gcina kahle amanzi wekhwalithi ephezulu. Ngaphansi kwalesi simo nokudla okuningana, ukuthosa kukhula ngokushesha okukhulu, ngenyanga eyodwa nohhafu kuya ezinyangeni ezimbili bafinyelela kubude obuyi-3.5 cm, kanti ukuthosa kubukeka njengekhophi elincishisiwe lomuntu omdala.
Ukuziphatha
Isikhathi esikhulu somsebenzi we-sturisoma catfish senzeka emahoreni kusihlwa nasebusuku. Kepha esimweni semvelo esiphilayo, izinhlanzi zihamba ngamandla ngesikhathi sasemini. Ukuziphatha kuzolile. Iningi lezimpilo zabo bachitha zichitha ukukhula kwesitshalo ezindongeni nasekuhlobiseni ithangi. Ntambama bathanda ukulala phansi kwesihlabathi.
I-Aquarium
Ngokuya ngosayizi wabantu abadala, kuyalulekwa ukukhetha ithangi elikhulu le-sturis. Umthamo wezinhlanzi ezi-2 kufanele uthathwe ngesilinganiso sama-70-90 l nge-sturisoma ngayinye. Ku-aquarium yezinhlobo, kunconywa ukugcina umhlambi omncane wabantu abathathu.
Okokubona konke, ubukhona be:
- I-Snag.
- I-Rocky ekhoneni.
- Indawo engaphansi efanelekile.
- Imifino.
Izitshalo
Ukuba khona kwezitshalo ku-aquarium ye-panamanian sturisoma kuyadingeka. Ngenani elanele lokudla kwezitshalo ekudleni, izinhlanzi ziqala ukudla izimbali zesiko ethangini. Lesi simo kufanele sibhekwe lapho ukhetha imifino.
Kwi-sturisoma, izitshalo ezine-hard-leaved ezine-stem eqinile zilungile:
- I-Echinodorus Mbali.
- I-Echinodorus tropica.
- I-Echinodorus Bleher.
- Anubias Barter.
- Anubias Nana.
- I-Fern Bolbitis.
- Kabomba Karolinskaya.
I-Priming
Azikho izidingo ezikhethekile zenhlabathi. Lezi zinhlanzi zithanda ukuhlanza amatshe amakhulu kusuka ekukhuleni kwe-algae futhi zingamane zilele phansi kwesihlabathi.
Okwe-sturisoma kufanelekile:
- Isihlabathi.
- Amatshe amatshe amancane naphakathi.
- Amatshe amaflethi.
- Amatshe amakhulu.
Ukuhlanza inhlabathi kudoti wokudla kuyisidingo.
Izinsiza
Izinhlanzi zalolu hlobo zihlanzeke kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukuhlunga nokuhlungwa kwe-oxygenation kufanele kunikezwe ngokukhethekile.
Kusukela kumishini ozoyidinga:
- I-compressor enamandla ka 8-10 8-10 izogcwala ivolumu enkulu ne-oksijini futhi yakhe nesisekelo samanzi angaphansi kwamanzi.
- Isihlungi sokwenza imishini ukususa izinhlayiya ezinkulu.
- Iyunithi yokuhlunga ye-biochemical iyadingeka ukususa imikhiqizo yokungcola kanye nokugcina ukwakheka okuhle kwamakhemikhali aphakathi.
- I-Thermostat.
Isibani
Emvelweni wemvelo, ama-sturisomes ahlala emanzini ajulile. Kulezi zinhlanzi, kukhethwa ukukhanya okunciphisiwe okuthambile. Ebusuku, ukukhanyisa kumele kucishwe.
Izibani ze-LED ezinamandla aphakathi zilungele kahle i-aquarium yezinhlobo. Amalambu anjalo awashisi ingaphezulu kwamanzi futhi awephuli i-microclimate esethangi.
Ukwehluka kobulili
Izici ezihlukile zabesilisa:
- Umbala uphinyiselwa ngokwengeziwe.
- Ikhanda likhulu futhi libanzi.
- Ama-eyeball asondelene naphakathi nomzimba.
- Eminyakeni engu-1.5 ubudala, ama-bristles akhula azungeze i-sucker yomlomo, ekhuphuka ibe ngu-5-7 mm ngokukhula komuntu.
Ukwehluka kobulili kwabesifazane:
- Umbala ulinganisile.
- Ikhanda liphakeme futhi limfishane.
- Ibanga phakathi kwamehlo lingaphansi kwalelo labesilisa.
- Ukwakheka kwesisu kuyindilinga.
Ngesikhathi sokuzala, imbangi ye-intraspecific ikhula kancane.
Ukusakaza
Ngaphandle kokuthi ama-catfish asePanamani angazalela e-aquarium ejwayelekile, kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise i-spawning ehlukile ukuze ulondoloze inzalo. Umthamo wedamu elinjalo ungama-160-180 l. Izinhlanzi zifinyelela eminyakeni yazo yobudala ngeminyaka engu-1.5.
Ukufakwa kweqanda kuvame ukwenzeka kusihlwa noma ebusuku. Ukuvuthwa kwamaqanda avundisiwe kuthatha amasonto 1-1. Kunconywa ukuzalanisa izinsikazi ngemuva kokuvela kwesithwathwa. Kwelitha elilodwa amaqanda 100-150.
Ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa ku-aquarium
Ama-Sturisomes asebenza kakhulu kusihlwa nasebusuku. Abekho abanolaka nakancane. Emini balala benganyakazi emigodini, noma banamathela odongeni lwe-aquarium.
Kungcono ukuzigcina eqenjini elincane (kufanele okungenani kube nezinsikazi ezi-2 kwindoda eyodwa), yize zizizwa zizodwa. Umthamo omncane we-aquarium kufanele ube ngamalitha ayi-120, kangcono kwe-160 litre noma ngaphezulu. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi e-aquarium kufanele libe isilinganiso sama-22-25 degrees, nge-acidity engu-6.5-7.2 pH. Izinga lobunzima - kufika ku-25 dGH. I-aquarium kufanele ibe ne-aeration enhle, yokuhlunga ngokugeleza okubuthakathaka. Shintsha ingxenye yesine yamanzi masonto onke.
E-aquarium udinga ama-driftwood, izitshalo, imihlobiso ehlukahlukene. Ukuze uphile kahle, zidinga nezamanje zamanzi. Kungadalwa ngokuthenga isihlungi semvelo-sebhayoloji.
Qaphela ama-ciliates ama-unicellular e-aquarium, ayithinta kabi impilo ye-catfish.
Izifo nokuvinjwa kwazo
Izifo nokwelashwa kwazo kuyathakazelisa kubo bonke abasemanzini. Akekho ofuna ukulahlekelwa inhlanzi abevele ezithanda. Izifo eziphambili zePanamanian Sturis zifaka:
Igama lesibili le-ichthyophthyroidism yi-semolina. Amabala amhlophe avela emzimbeni we-catfish, afanayo namarothi. Ungaqeda lesi sifo ngokungeza izidakamizwa ku-aquarium: i-formalin, i-malachite eluhlaza, i-potanganum permanganate noma i-sulfate yethusi. Ngaphambi kokufaka le mishanguzo, udinga ukuthola izitshalo kanye nezakhamizi ezingenamsoco ezivela e-aquarium. Njengoba umuthi ungabachitha. Ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe izinsuku ezingaba yishumi.
I-Dropsy ngesinye sezifo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Isisu se-catfish siqala ukuvuvukala, izintuthwane ziyajuluka, futhi akukho ukunyakaza kwamathumbu. Ukwelashwa kweSturisom, udinga ukuyibeka kwenye i-aquarium futhi uyiphathe nge-ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol nosawoti. Ngemuva kokuthi i-catfish iqale ukuwohloka, kufanelekile ukuyibamba la manzi izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Okungenani kanye empilweni, kepha amabala amhlophe angavela ku-catfish. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa ngalezi zindawo, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi lokhu akuyona ingcindezi. Uma lokhu kusesifo, ke imbangela ingukutheleleka. Kulokhu, i-catfish kumele ihlalwe yedwa futhi iphathwe ne-Antipar.
Njengoba ubona, iSturisoma Panama iyinhlanzi elula elula, nje yokuthola iziqalo. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, uzohlala ku-aquarium yakho isikhathi eside futhi akujabulise. USomik uzoba umsizi wakho oyinhloko ekuhlanzeni i-aquarium.