• Esifundeni saseKaliningrad, i-Zelenograd turbine yomoya, abakhiqizi abafakiwe banamandla afinyelela ku-5.1 MW,
• EChukotka, Anadyr Wind Farm, ama-generator afakiwe anomthamo we-2,5 MW,
• ERiphabhulikhi yaseBashkortostan, ipulazi lomoya laseTyupkildy, amandla abakhiqizi abawafakwayo ngu-2.2 MW,
• E-Riphabhulikhi yaseKalmykia, ipulazi lomoya le-ALTEN LLC, abakhiqizi abafakiwe banamandla afinyelela ku-2.4 MW,
• Esifundeni saseMurmansk, isiteshi esisebenza ngogesi udizili, e-Set-Navolok cape, ogesi abawafakwayo banamandla angu-0,1 MW,
• Esiqhingini saseBering Island of the Komandorski Islands, ipulazi lomoya elinomthamo wama-generator afakiwe ka-1,2 MW.

Ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene zokwakha, ukulungiselela idatha yokuqala kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemibhalo yezobuchwepheshe, lezi ziteshi ezilandelayo zitholakala:

• IZapolyarnaya VDES (3.0 MW) nepulazi lomoya laseNovikovskaya (10.0 MW) eRiphabhulikhi yaseKomi,
• ILeningrad Wind Farm (75.0 MW), esifundeni saseLeningrad,
• I-Yeisk Wind Farm (72.0 MW), Anapa Wind Farm (5.0 MW) neNovorossiysk Wind Farm (5.0 MW), eKrasnodar Territory,
• IMarine Wind Farm (50.0 MW), eSifundeni saseKaliningrad,
• IMarine Wind Farm (30.0 MW) neValaam Wind Farm (4.0 MW) eRiphabhulikhi yaseKarelia,
• Ipulazini lomoya iPrimorsky (30.0 MW), ePrimorsky Territory,
• Magadan Wind Farm (30.0 MW), esifundeni saseMagadan,
• UChuy Wind Farm (24.0 MW), e-Altai Republic,
• I-Ust-Kamchatka VDES (16.0 MW), esifundeni saseKamchatka,
• IDagestan Wind Farm (6.0 MW), eDagestan,
• I-Priyutnenskaya umoya wepulazi (51.0 MW), eRiphabhulikhi yaseKalmykia.

Umbuso ubhekisisa ukuthuthukiswa kwemithombo yamandla ehlukile; izinhlelo ezenziwayo zamukelwa ukusekela kanye nokukhuthaza lo mkhakha wezamandla emazingeni obumbano kanye nawesifunda.
Izinhlangano ezintsha zivela ezweni elibandakanyeka kumandla omoya, futhi kwenziwa amamodeli wasekhaya wezixhobo zomoya zamakhono ahlukahlukene kanye nemiklamo.

Njengamanje, ochwepheshe bomoya abakhulu kakhulu abasebenza eYurophu, yilezi:

Umlando wamandla omoya kuleli lizwe waqala ngawo-70s wekhulu leminyaka, futhi kuze kube namuhla, iDenmark ingumholi ekukhiqizeni abakhiqizi bomoya nezinto zabo.

Amandla omoya waseDenmark akhiqiza ngaphezu kwama-40% wamandla kagesi engxenyeni yonke kagesi ekhiqizwe ezweni.

Uma ubheka imephu yamapulazi omoya aseYurophu ahlanganiswe yi-SETIS ku-European Commission ngezansi, ungabona ngokucacile ukuthi iJalimane lingumholi ongagunyaziwe ovela emazweni ase-Europe ngokwesibalo sabakhiqizi bomoya (izindawo zokufaka zimakwe ngemibuthano eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka).
Kulabo abagibele eYurophu, enkulu kunazo zonke yiWhitelee Wind Farm. Ifakwe eScotland futhi ine-turbines engu-140.

Kwamanye amazwe weplanethi yethu, ukusetshenziswa kwama-turbines komoya kungokulandelayo:

• E-USA:Kuleli lizwe, amandla omoya njengemboni akhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Umthamo ofakiwe khiqizi lomoya ungaphezu kwama-75.0 GW. Ngokwesabelo sonke sikagesi esakhiwe, isabelo samandla omoya singaphezu kwe-5.0%.

Amapulazi omoya akhiwe ezifundeni ezingama-34, ezisebenzisa kakhulu amandla, ezifundazweni ezinjengokuthi:

• E-China: Ukukhula kwezimboni akuzange kuyisindise imboni yomoya yaseChina. Njengamanje, umthamo ofakiwe khiqiza abakhiqimu bomoya ungaphezu kwe-150.0 GW. Ngokwesabelo sikagesi esikhiqizwe ezweni, isabelo samandla omoya singaphezu kwe-3.0%. Umkhakha wamandla waseChina uyaqhubeka nokwakha amapulazi amasha omoya, ngezinhlelo zokwethula elinye i-GW lamandla kagesi kuze kube ngu-2020. Izifundazwe zase-Inner Mongolia kanye neXinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region zinamandla amakhulu.
• ECanada: Ngenxa yendawo yayo, iCanada inamandla amakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwamandla komoya. Abakhiqizi bomoya basebenza ngempumelelo kuzo zonke izifundazwe zezwe. Isabelo sikagesi esakhiwe ngamathinini omoya esilinganisweni sikagesi singaphezu kwe-1.0%. Umthamo ofakiwe wokukhiqizwa komoya ungaphezu kuka-2000.0 MW.
• ENdiya:I-India futhi ingomunye wabaholi ekusebenziseni umoya ukukhiqiza amandla kagesi. Umthamo ofakiwe khiqizi lomoya wedlula ama-27,000.0 MW. Isabelo sikagesi esakhiwe ngabakhiqizi bomoya seqe i-6.0% yemali yonke kagesi ekhiqizwe ezweni.

Amathemba entuthuko

Ngokubheka ukuthi imithombo yendabuko yamandla ivame ukuphela futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuholele ekungcoleni komhlaba weplanethi, inani elandayo lamazwe lamukela izivumelwano zangaphakathi nezokuvikeleka kokuvikelwa kwemvelo nokulawulwa kokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ekuthuthukiseni lo mkhuba, ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamandla evuselelekayo, nayo enobungane bemvelo, kufanele kakhulu.

Ukugqugquzela ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha, amazwe amaningi athuthukise izindawo ezisebenza kule ndawo yamandla, yilezi:

Kulokhu, ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla komoya, njengomthombo wamanye amandla, kuqhubeka njalo futhi kuzothanda ukusheshisa le nqubo. Isibonelo esinqabile sentuthuko enjalo ezintantayo zomoya ezintantayo.

Ama-generator omoya abantantayo - ibekwe kude nolwandle, ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-100 noma ngaphezulu. Amadivayisi okuqala anjalo afakwa ngo-2007 eNorway.

Kulokhu, ikhulu phezu kolwandle ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngaphandle kokungajwayelekile, kunokuzola okuphelele, kukhona ukunyakaza kwezixuku zomoya, khona-ke ukusebenza kahle kokufakwa okufakwa ngale ndlela kuphezulu kunaleyo ebekwe phezu komhlaba.

Izikhiqizi zomoya ezikhuphukayo -melela indawo engabizi egcwele i-helium, kanye ne-turbine enkabeni yedivayisi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaklami nabathuthukisi abayeki lapho, umsebenzi uyaqhubeka ngemodi engaguquki.

Izinzuzo kanye nokubi

Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-turbines zomoya zifaka lokhu okulandelayo:

• Lo mthombo ongapheli wamandla ovuselelwa yimvelo uqobo lwayo, ngoba ngenkathi ilanga likhanya, kuzoba nokunyakaza kwemijikelezo yomoya, okungamandla amakhulu ngenxa yokuthi kukhiqizwa amandla kagesi.
• Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kusetshenziswa izindiza zomoya kuyinqubo enobungani bemvelo engalimazi imvelo.
• Ukwakhiwa kwezikhungo zamandla omoya kungumcimbi wesikhashana, ngakho-ke, ukufakwa okusheshayo kwama-turbines komoya kunquma izindleko eziphansi kakhulu zomsebenzi wokufaka, uma kuqhathaniswa nokwakhiwa kwezinye izikhungo zamandla.

Okubi kwamandla omoya kufaka phakathi:

• Ukusebenza kahle kokufaka kokusebenzisa amandla omoya emsebenzini wabo kuya ngendawo yokuhlala, isimo sezulu, isikhathi nesikhathi sosuku. Lokhu kudonsela emuva kunquma ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi kusetshenziswe ama-generator omoya esifundeni esithile seplanethi.
• Lapho ufaka izikhungo ezikhiqiza amandla amakhulu, kudingeka iziza ezibalulekile zomhlaba, okumele zikhishwe ekuguqulweni komhlaba okuphelele.
• Isidingo sezindleko zokuqala ezibalulekile, ukuba khona kwako okutshala imali kulo mkhakha, esigabeni sokuqala sentuthuko.
• Ingozi engaba khona kwizinyoni nezinye izidalwa ezindizayo.

Ukuba khona kwezimpawu ezingezinhle amandla omoya anazo ngeke kudlule inani lazo ezinhle. Kungashiwo ngokuzethemba ukuthi insimu yamandla njengamandla omoya izoqhubeka ikhula.

Izitshalo zamandla omoya ezithakazelisa kakhulu emhlabeni

I-Consology ecology .. Isayensi nezobuchwepheshe: Phakathi kwabaholi esigabeni sezitshalo zamandla omoya kukhona bobabili abakhiqizi abanamandla kakhulu kanye nezakhiwo ezinwebeka kakhulu ngokufakwa kwamakhulu namakhulu amakhulu wezinjini zomuntu ngamunye. Ake sizame ukwenza uhlu lwamaphrojekthi abaluleke kakhulu asevele esebenza futhi ahlinzeka ngogesi njalo.

Phakathi kwabaholi abasesigabeni samapulazi omoya kukhona abakhiqizi abanamandla kakhulu nezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngokufakwa kwamakhulu namakhulu amakhulu womuntu onjiniyela.

Ake sizame ukwenza uhlu lwamaphrojekthi abaluleke kakhulu asevele esebenza futhi ahlinzeka ngogesi njalo.

Ukucaciselwa, sibonisa imingcele eyinhloko yeziteshi, indawo yazo kanye neqiniso elikubeka ngokusobala ukuthi isigaba senkimbinkimbi isigaba "sokuthakazelisa kakhulu".

I-Horse Horse Wind Farm (i-Wild Horse Wind Farm). Lesi sikhungo sitholakala endaweni engama-348 km2 eduze kwedolobha lase-Ellensburg eWashington, e-USA.

Umthamo wokwakha njengamanje ufinyelela ku-273 MW, owenziwe wabongwa ngokusebenza ngasikhathi sinye kwama-turbines angama-127 anesisindo esingu-1.8 MW no-turbines angama-22 anesisindo esingu-2.0 MW.

Lesi siteshi siyaphawuleka ngoba sakhiwa futhi saqalwa ngokuphelele sakhokhiswa intela yendawo, ngezidingo zabahlali bendawo nangokusekelwa kwabo okugcwele.

ILondon Array yipulazi lomoya elingasogwini elisendaweni yomfula iThames. Kuyisiteshi esikhulu kunazo zonke olwandle e-UK nasemhlabeni wonke. Umthamo wayo we-630 MW wanele ukunika amandla izindlu eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-47.

Kuzuzisa kakhulu ukusebenzisa imimoya yasogwini ejwayelekile futhi eqinile ogwini lweMisty Albion, ngakho-ke izikhungo zamandla olwandle zizoqhubeka zikhula futhi zithole amandla ukuze ekugcineni zenze i-United Kingdom mhlawumbe ibe "luhlaza kakhulu" ngokuphepha kokukhiqizwa kukagesi.

I-Tehachapi Pass Wind Farms ipulazi lomoya elitholakala emngceleni we-Mojave Desert neSan Joaquin Valley eSouthern California, e-USA. Umoya uvunguza njalo kule ndawo, futhi cishe njalo ngasohlangothini olufanayo - lokhu bekungumfutho wokuthuthuka ngokushesha kwamapulazi omoya.

Akukho nkimbinkimbi eyodwa yezitshalo zamandla kule ndawo, kepha izinkampani ezingaphezu kweshumi sezivele zifake izinjini ezingaphezu kuka-5,000, ngosizo lwazo okungekhona ukuthi kukhiqizwa amandla kuphela, kepha futhi nezindlela ezintsha zokusungula ziyaxazululwa - izimo ezinhle nokusizwa komoya wokuqina kulokhu.

Inani lamapulazi lingama-562 MW.

I-Middelgrunden Wind Turbine Cooperative (iMiddelgrundene umoya wepulazi ngokubambisana, iCopenhagen, eDenmark) iyisizinda samandla esithobekile kakhulu, esinengqikithi yama-40 MW. Le yinkimbinkimbi iyaphawuleka kwesinye isici.

Ukwakhiwa nokusebenza kwayo kukhokhwa ngokuphelele yizakhamizi zendawo ezingabaninimasheya kwezokubambisana. Ngasikhathi sinye, lesi sitshalo samandla siyisibonelo esihle sendlela yokusebenzisa kahle imimoya ngosizo lwamapulazi asolwandle nawasogwini, ngisho nasemizileni egcwele yokuthumela.

Ngaphezu kwezinzuzo ezisobala zokukhiqiza ugesi, isiteshi siheha izivakashi eziningi ngokwengeziwe unyaka nonyaka.

Isikhungo Sama-Horse Hollow Wind Energy (Taylor, Texas, USA). Ipulazi lomoya elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni kusukela ngo-2008. Noma kunjalo, kuyaphawuleka manje hhayi ngobukhulu bawo namandla.

Kukulesi siteshi lapho kwafakwa khona icala, elakhula laba yinto engathandeki futhi enkulu.

Ngenxa yalokhu, kwavalwa ngesinqumo senkantolo, futhi ukugxila kwazo zonke iziphithiphithi, kwakuyinqayizivele, ubuhle bezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi nomthelela omubi wazo emapulazini akwisifunda esifanayo.

I-Altamont Pass (eCentral California, e-USA) empeleni indala kunawo wonke emapulazini omoya akhiwe ngohulumeni. Kuyaphawuleka kuleso sikhathi ukusatshalaliswa okukhulu kwabantu bejenerali.

Kanye nenani elikhulu lezitshalo zokuphehla amandla, izinkinga ezinkulu ziza nomthelela wamapulazi omoya emvelweni. Ngokwezinhlangano zezemvelo, bekuyinkimbinkimbi le eyabulala izinyoni ezidla kakhulu kunawo wonke emlandweni wokuthuthuka kwamapulazi omoya.

Isizathu sikule ndawo. Kulapha lapho imizila edumile yezinyoni, ikakhulukazi izinkozi zegolide, iqamba amanga.

ISan Gorgonio Pass (Palm Springs, California, USA). Isiteshi samandla sitholakala endaweni elula kakhulu. Cishe imimoya enamandla kakhulu ishaya cishe ihlobo lonke - isivinini esishintshashintshashintshashintshi esiphakathi kuka-24 no-32 km / h, ngaphezu kokunikeza amandla esihlahleni samandla ezinyangeni eziphezulu kakhulu. Kunzima ukucabanga indawo engcono.

IGansu Wind Ipulazi (iGansu Wind Farm, China) isitshalo samandla esingapheli esivele sikhiqiza ama-5,000 MW. Lokhu kusebenza okumangalisayo ngezinga lomhlaba jikelele.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, vele ngonyaka ka-2020 kuhlelwa ukuthi kwandiswe umthamo ube ngu-20,000 MW.

Yile nkimbinkimbi esikhathini eside esizoba ngobukhulu emhlabeni ngokuya ngesilinganiso sokukhiqizwa kukagesi ngenxa yamandla omoya.

IJaisalmer (Jaisalmer, India) iyinkimbinkimbi enkulu ekhiqiza amandla omoya eNdiya.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwalemboni ezweni kwaqala muva nje, ngonyaka ka-2001 kwaqala ukufakwa okokuqala kwalezi zindawo, kwathi ngonyaka we-2005 umthamo we-1000 MW usuvele usuqediwe.

Leli cala liyathakazelisa ngesibonelo salo sendlela yokuhambisa ngokushesha iziteshi zamandla omoya zamandla abaluleke kangako.

Isizinda ngasinye samandla omoya sine-generator eminingi - singabantu “abasebenza kakhulu” kulo mkhakha othembisayo.

Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke umuntu owazi izindlela ezintsha nezimangazayo manje ezivele kule ndawo.

Sijwayele ukubona amabhulashi amakhulu nama-generator afana ne-drop-like atholakala kumapulatifomu aphezulu ezinsika - awanakucatshangwa ngentuthuko yedolobha.

Bazama ukuxazulula inkinga yokuhamba amabanga nokuphepha okuhambisana namandla omoya ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene zekhadinali. Enye yazo ukusetshenziswa kwama turbines omoya wanamuhla we-QR5. Le yimiklamo emangalisa lapho amabala avela ngendlela yamapuleti aqonde mpo noma omile obunjiweyo, egxilile kuma-eksisi mpo wokujikeleza. Umgomo wokusebenza ungabonakala kahle kuvidiyo.

Ama-turbines we-QR5 aqondana kakhulu kunezinketho zendabuko. Ukuphakama kwawo kungahluka kusuka kumamitha ambalwa kuya kweshumi nambili, kanye nendawo engamamitha ambalwa kuphela.

Ukusebenza kwabo, ngokuyikho ukusebenza kahle, manje kudlula konke ukufana ngezikulufu ezivamile.

Le ndawo iyindawo ethembisayo kakhulu futhi izinkampani eziningi ezinkulu namaqembu azimele wobambiswano azibandakanye kwezentuthuko, ngakho-ke sibheke phambili komunye umfutho ekuthuthukisweni komkhakha maduze. Ama-turbine ama-turbine ama-axis angama-mpo wokujikeleza abizwa ngokuthi iWindspire. eshicilelwe yi econet.ru

Amazwe aphezulu ayi-10 - Abaholi kuWindows Energy

Ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo ehlukile yamandla kuyinkinga elizama ukuyixazulula emhlabeni wonke. Njengesisombululo sayo, kunikelwa amaphaneli elanga kanye nokusebenzisa amandla omoya.

Sethula ukunaka kwakho amazwe aphezulu ayi-10 asephenduke abaholi ekusebenziseni amandla omoya njengomthombo ohlukile.

Isilinganiso sisuselwa kumthamo ofakiwe wokukhiqizwa komoya, ngenxa yalesi sizathu amazwe anjengeDenmark, iPortugal, iNicaragua awazange angenele isilinganiso, yize isabelo sokukhiqiza amandla omoya kulawa mazwe sedlula i-20% yokusetshenziswa ngokuphelele.

I-1 China - 114763 MW

Ekupheleni kuka-2014, zonke iziteshi zasendaweni zikhiqiza ama-67.7 GW. Namuhla, leli nani selisondele ku-80. Ngakho-ke, iChina ingabizwa ngokusemthethweni njengomholi kumandla omoya emhlabeni jikelele. Kwentuthuko enjalo esheshayo, izwe laqhutshwa imboni, lidla amandla amaningi.

I-2 USA - 65879 MW

Umthamo wokukhiqizwa komoya eMelika namuhla usondela ku-60 GW, yize inani lezinjini zomoya lincane. Kuliqiniso, lesi simo sihlanganiswa yinkimbinkimbi yesikhundla sikahulumeni esingacacile: imithetho yasekhaya ayixhasi abakhiqizi, kunalokho, kunalokho, baphazamisa umsebenzi wabo.

I-3 Germany - 39165 MW

Umholi phakathi kwamazwe aseYurophu esebenzisa umoya njengomthombo wamandla. Amanani weGeneration angaphezulu kwama-30 GW (uma uqhathanisa - kwi-European Union leli nani alidluli kwi-100 GW). Umgomo wokusebenzisa umoya njengomthombo wamandla wesekelwa umphakathi wezwe, okubonakala ezenzweni nasezinqumweni zikahulumeni.

I-4 Spain - 22987 MW

Umnotho wezwe ubhekene nenkinga, kepha amandla omoya akhula ngesivinini esikhulu. Umbuso ucishe wayishiya imithombo yamandla esele, kodwa kuze kube manje awakaqali ukusebenzisa omunye umthombo ngokusebenza ngokuphelele.

I-5 India - 22,465 MW

Izwe ngelingelinye lamazwe asathuthuka, kepha namuhla selisebenza ngenkuthalo iziteshi zomoya. Ukwanda okusheshayo kwabantu kanye nokuthuthuka kwemboni kufaka usesho komunye umthombo wamandla, ngoba izwe alinawo uphethroli walo, nokuthengwa kwalo sekuya kubiza kakhulu. Izwe lisalele emuva kweChina, kepha linamandla amakhulu ngokuya ngokuthuthukisa amandla omoya.

6 E-United Kingdom - 12,440 MW

Isabelomali sase-UK sango-2009 sathi kusukela ngonyaka ka-2011 kuya ku-2014 isiyonke imali eyizigidi ezingama- $ 500 izokwabelwa amandla omoya, futhi lokhu kwaletha imiphumela yayo, iGreat Britain yabeka indawo yesi-6 ngokwesikhundla esifakiwe sokwenza abakhiqizi bomoya.

I-7 France - 9,285 MW

Leli lizwe lingumholi hhayi ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla komoya kuphela, kepha futhi emkhakheni wezinto zomoya nobuchwepheshe. Ekupheleni konyaka we-2014, ubungako beziteshi zasendaweni bube ngaphezu kwama-9,000 MW. IFrance isebenza ngokubambisana nezinkampani zomoya zaseJalimane, ezinomthelela omuhle ekuthuthukiseni amandla komoya.

I-8 Italy - 8663 MW

Emuva ngo-2011, intando yabantu yanquma ukuyeka amandla enuzi.

I-Italy ibihlala incike kukaphethiloli ongeniswayo, ngakho-ke ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla komoya bekuyisinyathelo esikhulu phambili futhi bekuvumela ukuthi kubekwe imali encane ezintweni ezingavuthiwe zangaphandle.

Amandla omoya, njengoba esebenza kakhulu futhi engabizi, namuhla akahehi ama-ejenti kahulumeni kuphela, kepha nemibuthano ethile efuna ukwenza imali enhle kulokhu.

ECanada 9 - 9694 MW

Izwe selithuthukise izisusa ezikhethekile zabatshalizimali kumandla omoya. Zonke iziteshi ezikhiqiza amandla afinyelela lapha yi-5.5 GW. La mandla athuthukiswa ikakhulukazi eNova Scotia nase-Ontario. Ukusebenziseka kahle nokusebenza kahle kweziteshi kuholela ekuxhumeni nasekukhuleni kwezinkampani ezincintayo.

I-10 eBrazil - 5,939 MW

Kwakhiwa amapulazi amaningi omoya lapha. Ngokwezibalo, zithandwa kakhulu futhi zisebenza kangcono kunezitshalo zamandla kagesi. Ukusetshenziswa okuhlangene komoya namanzi ngesikhathi sesomiso kukhulisa inzuzo yamapulazi omoya wesizini.

IDenmark ayinakuphuthelwa kulokhu phezulu - 4845 MW of umthamo ofakiwe, izwe lapho kwakhiwa khona amapaki omoya. Kuze kube manje, bakhipha irekhodi lama-39% wamandla aphelele ngamapulazi omoya. IDenmark inezindawo ezinikwe amandla ngokugcwele ngamapulazi omoya.

Ukusetshenziswa komoya njengolunye umthombo wamandla namuhla kuthuthuka emazweni amaningi omhlaba - endaweni ethile kancane, endaweni ethile ngokushesha, kodwa-ke, akulula kangako ukwenza ushintsho oluphelele kusuka ezitshalweni zamandla enuzi kanye ne-hydroelectric kuya kwezihambisi zomoya futhi ukungahambelani komoya akusona ukuphela kwesizathu salokhu amandla akhiqizwayo.

Umoya ungumthombo wamandla ohlanzekile futhi onenzuzo

Amandla omoya ayaqala ukuthandwa eGreensburg, Kansas. Lo muzi wacekelwa phansi yisiphepho nyakenye ngo-266 mph. Manje idolobha lifuna ukunqoba umoya futhi lisebenzise ukukhiqiza ugesi.

UMnyango Wezamandla wase-US unikeze amaGreensburg amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama- $ 1,3 ubuchwepheshe obusha. Ngokusho kokukhishwa kwabezindaba, eGreensburg ngonyaka ka-2008.

izothola enye imali eyizigidi ezingama- $ 0.5 kumxhaso ukuze isekele lolu hlelo.

"Ngokusebenzisana neGreensburg, sisiza ukukhulisa amandla omoya, omunye wemithombo ephambili yamandla kagesi aseKansas," kusho uNgqongqoshe Wezamandla uSamuel W. Bodman esitatimendeni sabezindaba.

IGreensburg isizibekele umgomo we-100% wokuhlangabezana nezidingo zamakhaya namabhizinisi ngokusebenzisa imithombo yamandla evuselelekayo.

Ngokusho kokukhishwa kwabezindaba, idolobha laseGreensburg limemezele izinhlelo zalo zokuba yisibonelo sentuthuko esimeme, kulandela umbono ojwayelekile wezixazululo ezinobungozi bemvelo, kufaka phakathi amandla omoya, ngenkathi kusele umphakathi omncane wasemakhaya.

Umholi ekukhiqizeni amayunithi wokukhiqiza amandla omoya

Ukukhuphuka kwamanani kaphethiloli kwakamuva komasipala abaningi sekwenze amandla omoya abe ngumthombo okhangayo kagesi.Umholi wamanje ongenakuphikiswa ekukhiqizweni kwamandla komoya e-United States yiTexas nge-4.446 MW (idatha yokuphela kuka-2007). Ilandelwa yiCalifornia (2,439 MW) neMinnesota (1,299 MW).

"Amandla omoya abamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekunikezeni iTexas amandla ahlanzekile, ashibhile futhi athembekile," kusho uMbusi waseTexas uRich Perry embikweni wonyaka we-2008 American Wind Energy Association (AWEA).

Ngo-2007, yi-1% kuphela yezidingo zamandla zase-US ethathwe kumandla omoya. Ngokusho kwe-AWEA, ukusetshenziswa kwezwe kwalo mthombo wamandla ahlanzekile futhi angabizi kakhulu kuphansi kakhulu. Ngo-2007, cishe i-31 billion kilowatt / h kagesi yakhiqizwa ngamandla kagesi e-United States, yanikeza amakhaya ayizigidi eziyi-4,5.

Ezindaweni ezingaphezu kuka-30 zezwe kukhona amapulazi omoya akhiqiza amandla. Zigxilwe kakhulu eTexas, eCalifornia, eMinnesota, e-Iowa naseWashington.

Izinkuthazo zokwethula amapulazi omoya

Izindleko zokuqala zokufaka ipulazi lomoya ezikhiqiza amandla zingama- $ 1.5 - 2 million nge-1 MW. Lokhu kuphakeme kakhulu kunezindleko zokwakha isizinda samandla kagesi wemvelo (cishe ama- $ 800,000).

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngemuva kokuba ipulazi lomoya selakhiwe, umoya ukhululekile, kuyilapho amanani kagesi eqhubeka ukukhuphuka.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcinwa kwamathinini omoya kudinga izindleko eziphansi, kanti ukusebenza kwesakhiwo samandla usebenzisa igesi yemvelo kudinga ukulungiswa njalo futhi kubize.

Ukwakhiwa kwamapulazi omoya kudinga izinyanga ezimbalwa kuphela, ngokungafani nezitshalo ezijwayelekile zamandla, ukwakhiwa kwazo okuthatha iminyaka eminingana.

"Yize izitshalo ezisebenza ngamalahle ezidonsa ngamalahle zidinga ukwakhiwa kungakapheli iminyaka embalwa, amandla elanga nawomoya angakhiqizwa ngohlaka lwamafuphi nangezindleko eziphansi kakhulu," kusho i-American Institute of Architecture yaseNevada embikweni we-2007.

"Eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule, ugesi okhiqizwe kumandla omoya usuphumelele ngokwezomnotho, usuka ku-30 ​​c kuya ku-3.5 - 7.5 cents nge-1 kilowatt / h, nokwenze kwaba ngumthombo wamandla wokuncintisana," kusho kuwebhusayithi yeFPL Energy. I-FPL Energy yinkampani yamandla esekwe eFlorida enikeza amandla ezifundazweni eziyi-16 futhi ikhiqiza ugesi ongamaphesenti angama-33 kusuka kwizinjini zomoya.

Amaw turbines futhi abe ngumthombo weholo labalimi baseMelika. Abalimi bangathola imali ephakathi kwama- $ 3,000 nama- $ 5,000 ngonyaka nge-turbine ngayinye efakiwe ensimini yabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-turbines asebenzisa kuphela u-2-5% wamasimu nemigwaqo. Abalimi bangaqhubeka nokutshala izilimo futhi badle imfuyo eduze naphansi konjiniyela.

Ibhizinisi elinenzuzo

IGE Energy, okuwuphiko lweGeneral Electric, ingumholi ekukhiqizweni kwama-turbines omoya, afaka omatshini abangu-1560 ngo-2007. Umakhi waseDenmark iVesta Wind Systems A.S. - isendaweni yesibili ngama-turbines angama-537 afakiwe.

I-GE isanda kusayina iphrojekthi yokuhlanganisa ngokubambisana kwama-turbines abiza ngaphezulu kuka- $ 1 billion eYurophu naseMelika. "Kusukela ngonyaka ka-2004, i-GE inyuse ukukhiqizwa kwamapulazi omoya ngo-500%, futhi imali engenayo evela ebhizinisini lomoya idlule ngaphezulu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-4 zamaRandi ngo-2007," kusho isitatimende sabezindaba ebesisanda kuvela.

Izibalo ze-AWEA zikhombisa ukuthi ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala zika-2008, imboni yamandla omoya ifake iziteshi imali engaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu zamaRandi, ukuhlinzeka amandla emizini eyi-400,000. Kodwa-ke, izinkuthazo zentela zale mikhiqizo, okuyisikhuthazo esikhulu embonini yamandla omoya, zizophela ngoDisemba 2008.

"Uma iCongress ingasebenzi ngokushesha, lo mshophi ungalahleka ezikhathini ezinzima kakhulu kwezomnotho, ubeke engcupheni imisebenzi kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okungabiza ngaphezulu kuka- $ 11.5 billion," kusho uMqondisi Omkhulu we-AWEA uRandal Swisher .

UHeide B. Malorta. I-Epoch Times

Isingeniso

Ukunakekela imvelo kanye ne-wallet yethu kwashukumisela izingqondo ezikhanyayo zesintu ukuba zisungule futhi zethule izindlela ezintsha zokukhiqiza amandla, okuwumthombo ongaba yimithombo engapheli: ilanga, amanzi nomoya. Ukusetshenziswa komthombo ngamunye onjalo kunezinzuzo zako kanye nobubi bawo, kepha amandla omoya abhekwa njengengabizi kakhulu futhi asebenzayo.

Vele, imvelo ibeka imingcele ethile ekusetshenzisweni kukhiqizwa komoya, futhi izindleko ezibonakalayo zokukhiqiza i-1 kW kagesi ngamandla elanga nawomoya cishe ziyaqhathaniswa. Kepha ezindaweni zokugcina ezisenyakatho, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezigudle ugu, ukusetshenziswa kwamagesi komoya kungaphezu komncintiswano.

Umbuzo wokufaneleka kokufakwa uhleli kusivinini somoya esivamile esifundeni. Kusukela kumamitha angama-4 / s, ukufakwa kukhiqizwa komoya kubhekwa njengokufanele, futhi nge-9-12 m / s kusebenza ngokusebenza kahle kakhulu. Kepha amandla kagesi wokuphehla komoya akaxhomekile kuphela eshesha lokuhamba komoya (uhlelo 1), kepha futhi kububanzi be-rotor nendawo yezindawo (uhlelo 2).

Ukukhokha

Uma ijubane lomoya elijwayelekile laziwa, khona-ke ngokuqhathanisa amanani we ububanzi wesikali noma indawo yawo, ungathola amandla afanele wokufaka, okudingekayo.

I-P = 2D * 3V / 7000, kW, lapho i-P ingamandla, i-D isikulufu sedayivu ku-m,

V isivinini somoya ku-m / s.

Le formula yokubala ukusebenza kahle kukhiqizi womoya isebenza kuphela ngohlobo olunamaphiko - oluvundlile.

Okwamanje, ekukhiqizeni kwe-serial kunezinhlobo ezi-2 zikhiqizi zomoya:

Kepha banenkinga enkulu - ehamba kancane. Ukuyinqoba, kusetshenziswa izithasiselo zokunciphisa isinyathelo, okuthi ngokweqile kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle.

I-Vane - imigodi yomoya evundlile. Lolu hlobo lomkhiqizi womoya luvame kakhulu uma lusetshenziselwa amandla kagesi ezimboni.

Izinzuzo:

• Ijubane eliphakeme lokujikeleza, lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uxhume ku-generator, ekhulisa ukusebenza kahle,
• Ukwenza lula ukwenziwa,
• Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene.

Okubi:

• Izinga eliphakeme lomsindo nokungcola kwe-ultrasonic. Lokhu kungaba yingozi empilweni yabantu. Ngakho-ke, izikhungo ezikhiqizayo zezimboni zitholakala ezindaweni ezingaphephile,
• Isidingo sokusebenzisa i-stabilizer kanye namadivayisi wokuqondisa umoya,
• Ijubane lokujikeleza lilingana ngokungafani nenani lama-blades, ngakho-ke, kumamodeli wezimboni akuvamile ukuthi asebenzise ama-blade angaphezu kwamathathu.

Umsebenzi wokunqoba ukushoda kokugcina bekulokhu kuqhubeka isikhathi eside. Izinhlobo eziningi ezincane zikhiqizi zomoya zenziwe futhi zakhiqizwa. Ukusebenza kahle kwazo kuphakeme kakhulu kusigaba sawo samandla, ngenxa yesakhiwo sokuqala sombala.

Indawo yokumelana nomoya kule modeli incane, ingasebenza ngamandla komoya we-2 m / s futhi ikhiqize ama-watts angama-30. Kepha uma ubheka lokho kungqubuzana nokunye ukulahleka kumamodeli alesi sigaba kuthatha amandla angama-40%, ama-watts ayi-18 asele ngeke anele ngisho nokukhanyisa ngebhalbhu elilodwa. Ukusetshenziswa ezweni noma endlini yangasese, udinga okuthile okungathi sína.

Ukukhetha Model

Izindleko zesethi zikhiqizwa komoya, inverter, imast, i-SHAVR - ikhabhinethi yokuvula ngokuzenzakalelayo indawo yokubhuka, ixhomekeke ngqo emandleni nasekusebenzeni kahle.

Amandla aphezulu kW
Rotor ububanzi m
Ukuphakama kwesisu
Kukalwe isivinini m / s
Voltage W

Njengoba sibona, ekuhlinzekeni ngogesi okugcwele noma okuyingxenye kwefa, abakhiqizi bamandla aphezulu bayadingeka, okuyinkinga enkulu ukufaka ngokuzimela. Kunoma ikuphi, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwemali ephezulu kanye nesidingo somsebenzi wokufaka imast usebenzisa imishini ekhethekile kunciphisa kakhulu ukuthandwa kwezinhlelo zamandla omoya okusetshenziswa ngasese.

Kukhona ama-generator omoya asezingeni eliphansi ongahamba nawe ohambweni. Lezi zinhlobo zamakhompiyutha zibekwa ngokushesha emhlabathini, azidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, futhi zinikeza amandla anele okuzijabulisa okunethezeka emvelweni.

Futhi yize amandla aphezulu emodeli enjalo engama-watts angama-450 kuphela, lokhu kwanele ukumboza yonke ikamu futhi kwenza ukuthi kube nakho ukusebenzisa izinto zasendlini kude nempucuko.

Kumabhizinisi aphakathi nalawo amancane, ukufakwa kweziteshi eziningana zomoya ezikhiqiza kunganikeza ukonga okukhulu ezindlekweni zamandla. Amafemu amaningi aseYurophu akhiqiza lolu hlobo lomkhiqizo.

Lezi zinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi zobunjiniyela ezidinga ukugcinwa nokugcinwa kokulondolozwa, kepha amandla alinganiselwe ngakho angakwazi ukufaka izidingo zomkhiqizo wonke. Isibonelo, eTexas, epulazini lomoya elikhulu kunawo wonke e-United States, yi-420 kuphela yalabo abakhiqizi abakhiqiza ama-megawatts angama-735 ngonyaka.

Intuthuko yakamuva

Inqubekela phambili ayimi, futhi ukuthuthuka okusha kuphakamisa ukusebenza kahle kwama-generator omoya ukuphakama okusha, ngokoqobo.

Enye yezingxenye ezazisebenza kakhulu lapho kwakhiwa ipulazi lomoya kwakuwukufakwa kwezinhlelo ezisebenza emhlabathini: indandatho, i-generator, i-rotor kanye nama-blade.

Ekuphakameni okuphansi, eduze komhlaba, ukuhamba komoya akuhlali njalo, futhi ukukhuphuka kwamandla okwenza indawo ephakeme kakhulu kwenza umlinganiso ube nzima futhi ubize.

Manje lokhu kungagwenywa. IMakani Power ithuthukise i-generator yomoya endizayo - iphiko, okuthi uma lisungulwa endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-550, lingakhiqiza amandla afinyelela ku-1 MW kagesi ngonyaka.

Amaza omoya olwandle. Ipulazi lomoya elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni

ILondon Array ngokungangabazeki iyipulazi lomoya langaphandle lase-UK elaziwa kakhulu ngaphandle. Isilinganiso nokusondela kwayo eGreater London (isifunda eseningizimu-mpumalanga yeNgilandi) kuyabathinta kakhulu osopolitiki nabezindaba.

Iphrojekthi engu-1000 MW yiyona enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, kuhlelwa ukuthi kwakhiwe ipulazi lasemoyeni ngezigaba ezimbili.

ILondon Array ihlelwe ukuthi ihlinzeke ngamandla emizini engu-750,000 - cishe ikota yeGreater London - futhi inciphise ukuphuma kwe-CO2 okuyingozi ngamathani ayizigidi eziyi-1,4 ngonyaka.

Ngakho-ke, lokhu kuzoba nomthelela omuhle emvelweni, futhi kuzosiza futhi nokuqinisekisa ukufakwa kwamandla okuthembekile eningizimu mpumalanga yeNgilandi.

Nazi izingxoxo:

Ngokuphathelene nenani lokutshalwa kwemali, izikhalazo zithanda ukuthula manje. Ochwepheshe bezimboni bayavuma ukuthi kuzoba cishe amakhawundi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2,5 (ama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2,8). Ukulungiswa kwephrojekthi kuhlala iminyaka eminingi, futhi muva nje, abamele u-E.

I-ON izwakalise ukungabaza ngokwenzeka kwayo, ikhononda ngokuwohloka kwezimo zohlaka: okokuqala, ukwehla okuqinile kwamanani kawoyela nophethiloli kwenze indiva inzuzo yamaphrojekthi ahlobene nokusetshenziswa kwamandla komoya.

Ngasikhathi sinye, ukwanda okukhulu kwezindleko zama-turbines kwaphawulwa.

Kodwa-ke, uhulumeni waseBrithani usayine ukulungela kwabo ukuqinisa ukwesekwa kwamapaki okufukutha umoya phesheya kwezilwandle, manje esezonikezwa kakhulu kunangaphambili, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi

Izitifiketi eziluhlaza (Izitifiketi Ezivuselelekayo Zokubopha, i-ROC).

Kusukela ngo-2002, abakhiqizi bakagesi baseBrithani bebelokhu besebenzisa la ma-ROC ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bakhiqiza isilinganiso esifanele sikagesi emithonjeni yamandla evuselelekayo.

Namuhla, umngcele walesi simo usesifundeni cishe esingu-10%. Kuze kube manje, lo mthetho ususetshenzisiwe, ngokusho ukuthi nge-megawatt ngayinye kagesi ohlanzekile owenziwe, umenzi uthembele kusitifiketi se-ROC esisodwa.

Ukuze kugqugquzelwe ukwakhiwa kwama-airmels abiza kakhulu ogwini, uhulumeni wase-UK usenqume ukukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kukagesi ngamunye we-megawatt onemvelo ngokunikeza i-1.5 ROC.

Esabelomali sango-2009 kuya ku-10, ikhabethe lekhabethe lahamba kakhulu, lithembisa ukubheka ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi likhuphule leli zinga kusuka ngo-2 Ephreli kuya ku-2009 liye ku-2 ROC nge-megawatt ngayinye, futhi kungakapheli isabelomali sonyaka olandelayo isethwe ku-1.75 ROC.

Uhulumeni wase-UK uhlela ukubamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekwakheni amandla avuselelekayo, ngakho-ke unesifiso esikhulu sokwenza izinhlelo ezifana neLondon Array.

Njengamanje, i-EON yenza izinkulungwane zezigidi zamaRandi okutshalwa kwezimali emazweni ahlukahlukene aseYurophu ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kukagesi ngokusekelwe kwimithombo yamandla ehlukile.

Ukwakhiwa kwesikhungo esisha sasogwini eCleve Hill kwaqala ngoJulayi 2009, kwathi ngoMashi 2011 umsebenzi wokuqala wokwakhiwa kolwandle wenziwa lapho kufakwa amapulatifomu okuqala ayi-177 ale projekthi. Isigaba sokuqala sokwakha kufanele sigcwaliswe ngokuphelele ekupheleni kuka-2012.

Futhi muva nje, ngemuva kweminyaka emine yokwakhiwa, elinye lamapulazi omoya amakhulu emhlabeni - iLondon Array - lasebenza ngokusemthethweni. Ipulazi lomoya, elinezinjini ezinenjini ezinkulu zomoya ezingama-175, lisendaweni engaphezulu kwamakhilomitha angama-20 ohlangothini olusogwini lwaseKent nase-Essex.

Izindawo ezimbili zitholakala lapho, enye isogwini.

Konke kwaqala kanjani?

Iphrojekthi yaseLondon Array yaqalwa ngo-2001, lapho ucwaningo olunzulu esifundeni saseThames luqinisekisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kuthunyelwe ipulazi lomoya endaweni. Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili, iCrown Estate yaqasha iLondon Array Ltd imali yeminyaka engama-50 emhlabeni nentambo.

Uhlelo lwe-1 GW phesheya kwezilwandle lwamukelwa ngonyaka we-2006, futhi imvume yokusebenza ngokusebenza olwandle yatholakala ngonyaka we-2007. Isigaba sokuqala somsebenzi saqala ngoJulayi 2009, lapho umsebenzi wokwakha uqalwa endaweni eseCleve Hill eKent.

Isigaba sokuqala

- Indawo yephrojekthi 100km2 - 175 turbines komoya - Izindawo ezimbili ezingasogwini lolwandle - Cishe ama-450 km of ikhebula lasolwandle - Ukufakwa endaweni ngakunye - 630mW kagesi - Amandla anele ukuhlinzeka ngezindlu ezingaba ngama-480,000 ngonyaka - izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zezindlu eKent

- Ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 kuzokwehla ngamathani angama-925,000 ngonyaka.

Ekupheleni kuka-2012, kwahlelwa ukuthi kuqedwe isigaba sokuqala sokwakha, iphrojekthi izodluliselwa eqenjini elisebenzayo nelilungisa izinto ngonyaka we-2013.

ILondon Array izokhiqiza isamba esikhulu sikagesi, futhi okufakwayo kuyadingeka ukuze kunikezwe amandla kagesi angama-kV angama-400 amukelwe kunethiwekhi kazwelonke yokuhambisa amandla amakhulu.

Iphrojekthi

Iphrojekthi yokufakwa esikhundleni yakhethwa ngemuva komncintiswano ehlobo lika-2006. Iphrojekthi yokuwina yathuthukiswa yinkampani yezokwakha edumile yezokwakha iRMJM (www.rmjm.com).

Umqondo wephrojekthi bekuwukubeka okufakwa endaweni engela kwesokudla eSaxon Shore Way.

Ngenxa yalokhu, isakhi esiyinhloko sokulungiswa kwalokhu kufakwa yiNorth Wall, efinyelela kumamitha ayi-10 ukuphakama futhi inenqwaba yamaphaneli kakhonkolo nabaqinisi.

Indawo

Isikhungo seClive Hill sitholakala eduzane nedolobhana laseGraveni, eliqhele ngamakhilomitha ayi-1 phakathi nezwe ukusuka ogwini olusenyakatho neKent. Isikhala sakhiwa eduze komugqa kagesi ongaphezulu kuka-400 kV Canterbury-Kemsley ohlangothini olusenyakatho neCleve Hill, eduze kwezakhiwo ezikhona eCleve Farm. Ukufakwa kwakhiwe ngendlela yokuthi ifaneleke ekuthambekeni kwegquma.

Ukwakha amakhilomitha angama-20 ukusuka ogwini

Le yinkinga enkulu ekwakhiweni kwanoma yiliphi ipulazi lomoya oluya ngasolwandle futhi neLondon Array iyahlukile. Ukuya phesheya kwezilwandle, imimoya enamandla nezimo zasolwandle ezingalindelekanga zenza le ndawo ibe yindawo enzima yokwakha.

Ngenhlanhla, ubuchwepheshe bamuva kanye nemishini izosetshenziswa ukusiza ukuqeda umsebenzi ngokuphephile futhi ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukusebenza olwandle kwaqala ngoMashi 2011, lapho kufakwa isisekelo sokuqala kwezingu-177.

Kwakhiwa ini?

Izakhi ezibalulekile zepulazi lomoya olusebenza phesheya kwezilwandle:

- Izisekelo zokutholela ama-turbines omoya olwandle - Izinjini zomoya - Izintambo eziningi zokuxhuma kwethimba lama-turbines nokuxhuma ukufakwa kwezasolwandle - Ukufakwa kwe-Marine ukukhuphula ugesi ngaphambi kokuthumela ugesi ogwini

- Ukubekwa kwamakhebula eceleni kolwandle lokuxhuma okufakwa olwandle nokugudla ugu.

Ukuphathwa Kwokwakhiwa Kwasolwandle

Umsebenzi wokwakha phesheya kwezilwandle njengamanje ulawulwa kusuka endaweni yokwakha yesikhashana ethekwini laseRamsgate. Ukwakhiwa kwesisekelo kwaqala ehlobo lika-2010, futhi iqembu lokwakha lathutha esakhiweni ngoSepthemba 2010.

Kuze kube abasebenzi abangama-45 abazosebenza ngenkathi kwakhiwa olwandle.

Kulindelwe ukuthi isisekelo sizohlala kuze kube unyaka ka-2013, lapho isigaba sokuqala sokwakhiwa sesiphothuliwe, futhi singaba isisekelo sesigaba sesibili sokwakha maduze nje.

Ngubani owakha iLondon Array?

ILondon Array Limited iyinhlangano yezinkampani ezintathu zomthombo wamandla ohola emhlabeni ezihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bazo ukuklama nokwakha ipulazi lomoya elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni.

Amandla eDong - 50% wephrojekthi

I-DONG Energy (iDenmark) yiqembu laseYurophu elihola amandla. Inikeza, ikhiqize, isabalalisa futhi idayise amandla nemikhiqizo ehlobene kulo lonke elaseNyakatho Yurophu. I-DONG Energy ingumholi wemakethe kubuchwepheshe bomoya phesheya, owakhe cishe ingxenye yamapulazi omoya aphesheya kwezilwandle asebenza namuhla.

I-DONG Energy ibambe iqhaza ekukhiqizweni nasekukhupheni amandla avuselelekayo e-UK.

Le nkampani iyabandakanyeka ekwakhiweni kwamapulazi amasha amakhulu omkhumbi aseBrithani futhi njengamanje isebenza njengamapulazi omoya aseGunfleet Sands (172 MW), iBurbo Bank (90 MW) neBarrows (90 MW).

I-EON - I-30% yephrojekthi

I-E.ON (Germany) ngenye yezinkampani ezinamandla kakhulu igesi emhlabeni. Ungumhlinzeki oholayo e-UK futhi unikeza amandla kumakhasimende angaba yizigidi eziyi-8. E.

I-ON ibilokhu ibamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwamandla avuselelekayo kusuka ngo-1991, lapho betshala imali epulazini lokuqala lomoya oluya ngasolwandle.

Manje sebenamapulazi angama-22 e-UK, kufaka phakathi ama-60 MW eScroby Sands, ipulazi lomoya elingasogwini lolwandle lwaseGreat Yarmouth, nepulazi lomoya elinenjini engu-60 lase-Robin Rigg eSolway Firth. Eminye imisebenzi eminingi isakhiwa.

IMasdar - 20% yephrojekthi

IMasdar (UAE) yinkampani yokuthuthukisa amasu kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kubuchwepheshe bamandla avuselelekayo. Le nkampani isebenza njengesixhumanisi phakathi komnotho wanamuhla wezinkuni zokubasa kanye nomnotho wamandla wekusasa - ukuthuthukiswa kokuqonda okusha ngokuthi ungaphila kanjani futhi usebenze kanjani kusasa.

Ukushintshwa kwesishintshi CLEVE HILL

Kwakhiwa indawo entsha yokuguqula ugu lwe-CLEVE HILL, eduzane nedolobhana laseGraveney, ogwini olusenyakatho yeKent.

Lokhu bekudingekile, njengoba iLondon Array izokhiqiza ugesi omningi, okumele uthunyelwe kusuka olwandle ngqo kunethiwekhi kazwelonke yamandla aphezulu ene-voltage ka-400 kV.

Mayelana nonjiniyela

Ama-turbines esigabeni sokuqala akhiqiza i-3.6 MW lilinye. Akhiqizwa yi-Nokia Wind Power futhi afaka i-rotor entsha engu-120 yamamitha ayi-120. Ukuphakama kwama-axis enjini ngayinye yomoya kungamamitha angama-87 ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle.

Onjiniyela abaphethe izindwani ezintathu futhi bapendwe ngwevu. Ama-turbines akhiqiza ugesi ngesivinini somoya samamitha amathathu ngomzuzwana.

Amandla agcwele afinyelela ku-13 m / s. Ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha, oonjiniyela bayayeka ukusebenza uma umoya uqina ngaphezu kwama-25 m / s - okulingana nesivunguvungu samaphuzu ayi-9.

Iphrojekthi yeLondon Array idlala indima enkulu kuzinhloso zamandla kahulumeni wase-UK futhi ezingavuselelekayo. Kubandakanya:

- Ukuncishiswa kokukhishwa kwekhabhoni dioksijini ngo-34% ngo-2020,

- ukukhiqizwa kwe-15% yawo wonke amandla ngokusebenzisa imithombo yamandla evuselelekayo ngonyaka ka-2015.

Ngemuva kokuphothulwa kwephrojekthi, ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide kuzokwehliswa ngamathani ayizigidi eziyi-1,4 ngonyaka. Isigaba sokuqala siyakwazi ukukhipha amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-925 e-CO2, azonxephezelwa minyaka yonke, asize ukuxazulula imiphumela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokushisa komhlaba.

ILondon Array izoba namandla afinyelela ku-1 000 MW futhi izokhiqiza ugesi ezindlini ezingama-750,000 - okuyisigamu sayo yonke imindeni eseGreater London (isifunda esijoyina izifunda ezimbili zeGreater London kanye neDolobha laseLondon), noma yonke imizi eseKent nase-East Sussex.

Umthamo wesigaba sokuqala sephrojekthi unele ukuxhuma cishe izindlu eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-480, noma izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zazo zonke izindlu eKent.

Ukufakwa kwe-turbine yokugcina eLondon Array kuwukuphela kwesibalo esikhulu somzamo nokuxhumana kwabo bonke abathintekayo kulo msebenzi.

Ngonyaka owedlule kuphela, kwafakwa imishini emincane engu-84, ochwepheshe bomoya abangu-175, amakhebula ekhebula angama-178 nezintambo ezi-3 zokuthumela ngaphandle.

ILondon Array manje isisesigabeni sokukhokhisa nokuhlola amakinjini asele ngaphambi kokuwanikela eQenjini Lokusebenza Nokulondolozwa Kwezimali ngonyaka ka-2013.

UBenj Sykes, inhloko yebhizinisi lamandla omoya i-DONG Energy, e-UK, uthe: "Ukufaka i-turbine yakamuva kuyithuba lokuguqula i-UK ne-DONG Energy emlandweni wale phrojekthi entsha.

ILondon Array kungekudala izoba ipulazi elikhulu kunawo wonke elisebenza ngaphandle komoya emhlabeni.

Ukudalwa kwamapulazi omoya aphesheya kwezilwandle ngokulinganayo futhi kukhulu esikhathini esizayo kuzosivumela ukuthi sithole izinzuzo ngosayizi wazo, okuyinto ebalulekile yesu lethu lokunciphisa izindleko zamandla.

Ngaphezu kwesifiso sokwenza ipulazi lomoya elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, abathuthukisi beLondon Array baphinde babeke inzalo yabo njengephrojekthi yokukhombisa ekhombisa izindlela zokunciphisa izindleko lapho kudalwa amapulazi amakhulu omoya.

Umgomo wokugcina wabatshalizimali ukwakha ipulazi lomoya elingaxhunyiwe kuhulumeni, elizofika ngo-2020 elizokwazi ukukhiqiza amandla awusizo ngentengo engaba ngama- $ 152 ngehora ngalinye. Lesi sikhungo siphethwe iDong Energy, Masdar ne-EON. Isabelo seDong Energy kule phrojekthi singama-50%, amandla amakhulu u-E.

KUPHELA umthwalo ongama-30%, kuthi uMasdar wase-Abu Dhabi abe ngumnikazi wama-20% asele.