Izimpawu ziyizidalwa ezinhle ezingagcini ngokuba nokubukeka okuhlekisayo, kodwa futhi zinomlingiswa omangalisayo. Lezi yizilwane ezingenangozi ngokuphelele kubantu. Baphendula kahle ekuziqeqesheni futhi babambe iqhaza ezinhlelweni eziningi zemibukiso. Ukubuka lezi zidalwa ezimangalisa kuyamnandi. Futhi lokhu akusebenzi embukisweni kuphela. Uhambo olukhethekile luhlelelwe izindawo zokuhlala izilwane. Ngesikhathi sohambo, umuntu angabuka ukuthi izidalwa zasolwandle zihamba kanjani elangeni, zikhulumisane noma zifike ngasolwandle ngendlela ehlekisayo. Kulesi sihloko, sizokwembula amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana nezimpawu zasendwangu futhi sabelane ngemininingwane yempilo yalezi zilwane ezihlekisayo.

Indaba

Izimpawu zokuphola sezineminyaka eminingi ziphila emhlabeni wethu. Ngokokuqala ngqa, uKarl Linney wahlangana nezilwane esiBering Island maphakathi nekhulu le-18. Ngasikhathi sinye, izidalwa ezifana namakati anamuhla zazichazwa kudala. Izithombe zabo zingatholakala emidwebo womhume.

Kuze kube manje, kunezinhlobo eziningana zezimpawu zoboya. Kodwa-ke, kuze kufike ikhulu lama-20 leminyaka, iningi lazo lase lisondele ekuqothulweni. Abantu bazingela ngentshiseko izimbambo zoboya ngenxa yoboya bazo obufudumele. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, kwaqalwa ukuvinjezelwa kokubhujiswa kwezilwane. Kepha kuze kube manje, kwesinye isikhathi izigaxa zoboya zibulawa ngenxa yezikhumba zazo. Kuliqiniso, hhayi ngezinga elinje, ngakho-ke inani labantu alikho engcupheni.

Sekukonke, babalelwa ezigidini eziyi-1,2 abantu manje abahlala eMhlabeni. Inani labo liyakhula kancane kancane.

Izici

Ngokombono wokubuka kwezilwane, izimbobo zoboya bezingezomndeni ofanayo nezimpawu zamehlo.

Cishe i-2/3 yazo zonke izinhlaka zoboya zingatholakala oLwandle iBering. Ama-Fur seal ahlala eningizimu hemisphere mncane kakhulu ngobukhulu kunalawo ahlala endaweni esenyakatho.

Zonke izinhlobonhlobo zezimpawu zoboya ziyafana.

Ama-Fur seal anamehlo amahle kakhulu. Ikuvumela ukuthi ucabangele ukukhiqizwa okungaba khona ngisho nasekujuleni okukhulu. Ama-Vibrisses asiza ukuzulazula nge-seals fur ebumnyameni. Lesi isitho sokuthinta. Ngosizo lwayo, izimpawu zivimbela ukuguquguquka okuncane emanzini.

Emhlabeni, izimbambo zoboya zithutha ngendlela ehlekisayo, ebenza babukeke bengafanele. Kodwa-ke, emanzini zibhukuda ngokushesha ngokwanele. Izilwane zithuthukisa isivinini esifinyelela ku-20 km / h. Ukuze uthole inyamazane, angakwazi ukungena ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-200.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana nezimpawu zomzimba zoboya ukuthi izimpawu zoboya zingakwazi ukubona amawundlu azo amadala ngezwi noma ngephunga lawo. Noma izimbambo zoboya zingakaze zibonwe iminyaka eminingi, zikhumbula iphunga labathandekayo. Bangakwazi futhi ukubona umuntu.

Izinsikazi zezintambo zoboya zingaphansi kwabesilisa ngosayizi cishe ngo-1/3. Abesilisa abakhulu baheha izinsikazi. Umphumela uba uhlobo lwenhlokomo. Kuyo, owesilisa oyedwa uzungezwe abantu besifazane abaningana ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Ngenkathi yokuzalela, izithunga zoboya zakha imihlambi emikhulu. Sekukonke, bangabalelwa ezinkulungwaneni eziyikhulu zezinkulungwane zezinto eziphilayo. Ukuzulazula okunjalo kungatholakala eziqhingini eziseLwandle iBering. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana nezimpawu zomzimba zoboya ukuthi iphunga lezinhlanzi eliqhubekayo livame ukusuka endaweni lapho izilwane zibuthana khona. Izwakala ibanga lamakhilomitha ambalwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, akuwona wonke umuntu onquma ukusondela kwi-rookery.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana nezimpawu zamakhaza zoboya ukuthi abesifazane bezimpawu zoboya bangalawula isikhathi sokuzalwa kwamawundlu. Uma kwenzeka kuba nezimo ezingezinhle ngokuzala inzalo, zingabambezela isikhathi sokukhulelwa kweqanda amasonto ambalwa noma izinyanga.

Isikhathi sokukhulelwa kwezimpawu zoboya bezinyawo cishe ziyizinyanga eziyi-12. Ngenxa yalokhu, ezimweni eziningi, kuzalwa kuphela ikonyana elilodwa kowesifazane oyedwa. Ukukhulelwa izikhathi eziningi kuvame kakhulu.

Abesifazane bachitha iningi lokukhulelwa kwabo emanzini. Bahamba behla nje ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwengane. Isonto ngemuva kokuzalwa, bakulungele ukushada futhi.

Inqubo yokukhipha isisu ihlala impilo yonke, umuntu kufanele azalwe inzalo yokuqala.

Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, abesilisa bangakhombisa ulaka. Bakulungele ukulwa phakathi kwabo ngowesifazane. Imvamisa, abesilisa babamba amazinyo abo ngasentanyeni, lapho kukhona khona inqwaba enkulu yamafutha angaphansi. Ngenxa yalokhu, umonakalo odalwe wukulwa awubucayi, akukho okusongela impilo yesidalwa. Le mpi ihambisana nokubhonga okukhulu.

Ama-Fur seals adla ikakhulu izinhlanzi. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi izinyoni nazo zingena ekudleni.

Ama-Fur seals asebenzisa ingxenye yesikhathi emanzini. Inani elifanayo lezilwane lisemhlabeni. Okuhlukile isikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Izimpawu ziphila iminyaka engama-30. Kodwa-ke, esikhathini esiningi aziphili iminyaka eyi-15. Izidalwa ziba isisulu koshaka, imikhomo yokubulala nezinye izinyamazane.

Usayizi womzimba

Kanye nomakhelwane wayo oseduzane - ibhubesi lasolwandle iStler, lapho lolu hlobo lwezimpawu lubeka khona izingwevu eziningi, izimbambo zoboya ziyizilwane ezinobukhulu bokubhekelwa ocansini: osayizi besilisa badlula usayizi wabesifazane. Ubude bomzimba obukhulu besilisa bufinyelela kumamitha ayi-2,2, kanti isisindo esikhulu sifinyelela kuma-320 kg. Ngenkathi isisindo esiphezulu sabantu besifazane singamakhilogremu angama-70 ubude bomzimba ongekho ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1,4.

Wool

Okubaluleke kakhulu kulezi zimpawu zoboya, ngoboya obungakhula kahle (ngokungafani namabhubesi asolwandle, lapho uboya bungatholakali khona, futhi lapho amafutha ethatha umsebenzi wokufakelwa oyinhloko). Umbala wezinwele zangaphandle uhlukile kakhulu kumbala wangaphansi, kepha ngaphansi kwephansi kucishe kufihlwe ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwezinwele zangaphandle. Umbala wejazi uyahluka ezilwaneni zeminyaka ehlukene nobulili. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zinombala omnyama ofanayo, ama-albino nama-chromists akuvamile ukuthi azalwe, kepha lezi zinhlobo azijwayelekile, futhi ezinkulungwaneni eziyizinkulungwane eziyikhulu kukhona umbala onguqukile. Njengoba ubu-albino buhlotshaniswa nokubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo eziphindaphindekayo, imidlwane enjalo inolunye ushintsho futhi yona, ikakhulukazi, ibumpumputhe. Ngokunokwenzeka, izilwane ezinjalo azisebenzi, ngoba akukho okuhlangabezane nakho kwe-albino endala okurekhodiwe. Ngemuva kwe-molt yokuqala (izinyanga ezi-3-4 ubudala), umbala wombala ojwayelekile woboya bezimpawu zamanzi uthola ithoni grey. Ngenxa yalokhu uboya, lezi zilwane zazizingelwa ngesikhathi esifanele. Kamuva, uboya balezi zilwane buyehluka ngokungafani kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Esimweni esidala, amaduna angamaduna anombala omnyama, obudala, izinwele ezengeziwe ezikhanyayo (ezimpunga) ziyavela koboya besilisa. Izinsikazi zigcina imisebe yoboya, kepha uboya bazo bujika buphuzi obuncane ngeminyaka.

Ubudlelwano nomhlaba

Izimpawu zoboya baseNyakatho zihola impilo ye-pelagic esikhathini esiningi, zifuduka kakhulu zivela ezindaweni zokuzalela kwendabuko. Isikhathi sokuzala, noma okuthiwa i-rookery, isikhathi kumakati sincane futhi sihlala izinyanga ezi-3-5. Imvamisa, kusukela ngo-Agasti, isakhiwo sokuzala sama-rookeries siyabhujiswa bese izilwane ziya olwandle, lapho zidla khona ebusika. Le nkathi yasolwandle noma yama-nomadic ibizwa nangokuthi i-feed. Abanye ababhali benza ukwahlukaniswa okuningiliziwe komjikelezo waminyaka yonke:

• Isikhathi sasebusika (ukusuka ngoDisemba kuya ku-Ephreli): bambalwa kuphela abesilisa abakubudala obahlukahlukene abakhona e-Rookery, i-rookery ayihlelwanga.
• I-Predaremny (Meyi - Ngikhipha ishumi leminyaka likaJuni): ama-billhook aya kwi-rookery, futhi engxenyeni yokuqala kaMeyi ukuziphatha kwawo kuvame ukungabi nalutho, kepha uma kuphela uMeyi bakha inethiwekhi eqinile yezindawo ngazinye, ngasikhathi sinye abasizi abakhulile bavela olwandle.
• Isikhathi sokuzala (i-harem) (Ishumi lesibili likaJuni - Ishumi leminyaka likaJulayi): kukhona ukumiswa okukhulu kwezinsikazi ezikhulelwe, ukwakheka kwesakhiwo esiqinile sezintokazi se-rookery, lapho kuvunyelwe kuphela abesifazane nezinsikazi zalo nyaka wokuzalwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-98% enzala avela, abesifazane abaningi bavundiswa. Le nkathi ihlukaniswe izigaba ezi-3: eyokuqala (Juni 11 - 20), eyokuqala (Juni 21 - Julayi 25) neyokugcina (Julayi 26-31), lapho umphakathi we-harem uwa khona.
• Ukuzala Kwangemva Kokuzala (Agasti): Abafuyi bezindawo abasebenza ngokuzimela kanye nabathengisi bezingane baqala ukungena embhedeni wangaphambilini we-harem, futhi abalimi abancane (abaneminyaka engu-7 ubudala) ngisho nengxenye yama-bastards bahlala ezabo iziza. Izingwegwe zakudala, ngenxa yokwehla kwamazinga e-hormonal nokukhathala, alahlekelwa yisisusa sobulili futhi angena emanzini. Abesilisa abasebasha (abaneminyaka emi-5 kuya kwengama-6-bastards) bakhombisa ukuziphatha kwe- “quasiterritorial”, bezama ukuvikela amasayithi abo, njengoba kwenza ama-bastards anamava, kodwa ngaphandle kokulwa nokulimala kwegazi. Abantu abanonyaka owodwa kubo bobabili ubulili baya kuma-rookery, futhi abesifazane abancane bayaphuma bayoshada, kuqala ukuqala ukuzala. Imidlwane ifunda ukubhukuda emanzini angajulile. Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, ukusulwa kwenqwaba yabo bonke abantu kuyaqala.
• I-Autumn (Septhemba-Novemba): kuwo wonke amaqembu ezimpawu zoboya, ukuncibilika kuyaqhubeka futhi kuphele ngokuncibilikisa, izinsikazi ziyeke ukondla imidlwane (ukuchitheka kuthatha izinyanga ezingaba ngu-4). Kukhona into efana ne "gon yamanga", lapho abesifazane nabesilisa bephinde bavusa inkanuko yezocansi, baphinda bahlele izindlu zakwantu, futhi indlela abaziphatha ngayo ifana nokuzala (ngokwesibonelo, "i-quasiterritoriality" yezingwegwe zokukhokhisa), kepha ukuthengisa akusenzeki. Ekwindla, ukulahlwa kwezilwane kancane kancane kokudla ubusika kuqala ezindaweni eziseningizimu zohla: imidlwane yokuqala nezinsikazi, bese kuba yizimbotshana nezinselo.

Umncintiswano we-Interspecific

I-fur fur seal ihlanganyela iningi lama-rookeries nesihlobo sayo - iSteller Sea Lion. Ngenxa yohlelo olufanayo kakhulu lokuzalela phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo, ukuncintisana kwendawo kuphakama. Kodwa-ke, ukuncintisana okukhulu phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo akubonwa. Kunezincazelo eziningana zalokhu. Okokuqala, ukuqala kokuzala kabusha kwamabhubesi asolwandle aseSteller nezimpawu zoboya zasenyakatho kuguqulwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuzalwa kokuqala kwamabhubesi olwandle aseSteller kwenzeka ezinsukwini eziyi-15 ukuya ku-15 ngaphambili, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ngesikhathi esiphakeme somsebenzi wokuzala wezimpawu zoboya, isikhathi sokuzalela amabhubesi olwandle e-Steller cishe sesiphelile futhi, ngokufanele, isisusa sobudlelwano bokuncintisana phakathi abesilisa. Kodwa ekuqaleni kokuzalelwa kwe-seal, izingxabano ezinkulu zangaphakathi ziyabonakala. Ngokubheka iqiniso lokuthi umehluko wobukhulu phakathi kwamabhubesi asolwandle nezinsika zoboya basenyakatho kubalulekile, kuyacaca ukuthi amabhubesi olwandle ayohlala engabanqobi koxhumana nabo ngqo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhamba kwezihlambi zamaduna ezingamaduna kukhulu ngaphezu kokuhamba kwamabhubesi asolwandle abesilisa, futhi kuvame ukwenzeka ukubheka indlela uphawu lobuduna besilisa oluhlala lubuyeka futhi luhambe ngayo imibuthano, kancane kancane luqede umgqugquzeli walo, ibhubesi lasolwandle leSteller. Njengomthetho, abesilisa bengonyama ye-Steller yolwandle ngokushesha bakhathala ngomdlalo onjalo. Isizathu esikhulu salokhu ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi umthetho wamabhubesi wolwandle usuchithe inyanga yonke emhlabeni ngaphandle kokudla. Isizathu sesibili esibalulekile inani lezilwane, kuze kufike ku-4 kuya ku-4-5 izilobozi zesilisa ezingawela phezu kwengonyama eyodwa yolwandle. Ukuqinisa ingcindezi enjalo, i-lionfish imane nje ayinakukwazi futhi ishiye ubukhona bezimpawu zasendle endaweni yayo. Kepha umuntu futhi kufanele akhumbule ukuthi ukuncintisana kwe-intraspecific kukhulu izikhathi eziningi kunokubukeka.

Ukuzala

Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwenzeka emadodeni aneminyaka engu-3-4 ubudala, kepha abesilisa bayakwazi ukubamba iqhaza ekukhiqizweni beneminyaka engama-7-8 ubudala. Futhi abesilisa abaneminyaka engu-9-11 ubudala bazalanisa ngempumelelo, ngenxa yentuthuko enhle kakhulu ngokomzimba nangokomzimba abayifinyelela kulonyaka. Okokuzalela, ama-seal, njengabo bonke abamele umndeni we-eared seal, baya emhlabeni futhi bakha lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ama-rookeries asogwini. Ukuphuma kwabesilisa kakhulu ezindlini zokuzulazula nokusungulwa kwezindawo kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Ngalesi sikhathi, izingxabano zomhlaba ezesabekayo zenzeka phakathi kwabesilisa, okuvame ukudala ukulimala. Njengoba i-rookery igcwalisa, izingxabano zezwe zenzeka ngezindlela ezihlangene phakathi komakhelwane, okuhloswe ngazo ukuqinisekisa imingcele emisiwe. Ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kukaJuni, abesifazane baqala ukusondela kuma-rookeries. Njengomthetho, izintokazi zizala imidlwane ezinsukwini zokuqala ngemuva kokuya Rookery.

Uhlelo lokuzalela uboya lwakhiwa ngohlobo lwe-polygyny, futhi kukhiqizwa izinsikazi endaweni yesilisa ngayinye. Ngokungafani namabhubesi asolwandle, izimpawu zasolwandle zivame ukugcina ngenkani izinsikazi endaweni yazo, ikakhulukazi ezimeni zezindlu zodwa ezihlala zodwa. Imvamisa abesilisa bantshontsha abesifazane komakhelwane. Le yinqubo ebuhlungu kunalokho, ngoba abesilisa babamba izinsikazi ngesikhafu, ngamaphepha noma ngemifoloko futhi, njengomthetho, “umnikazi” we-harem uvame ukubona isela futhi lizame ukubamba lowesifazane ngokudonsa emuva. Uma ucabanga umehluko omkhulu osayizi bezinsikazi nabesilisa, khona-ke kuyacaca ukuthi okwenzekayo kuvame ukuphela ngokulimala okukhulu kwabesifazane futhi kwesinye isikhathi kuholela ekufeni.

Ukunakekelwa Kwesithombo

Isikhathi sokuphisa imidlwane ngabantu besifazane sifushane futhi sikhawulelwe izinyanga ezimbalwa, sifinyelela kubungako obungu-4-5, kanye nesilinganiso sezinyanga ezi-3-4. Ngesikhathi sokunceliswa ubisi, izinsikazi ngezikhathi ezithile zishiya i-rookery bese ziya olwandle ukudla kwazo. Kuyo yonke le nkathi, izinsikazi zondla imidlwane izikhathi eziyishumi nambili (lapha, ukuzondla kusho isikhathi sesikhathi lapho insikazi ihlala ngokungafani nogogogu ku-rookery izinsuku eziningana).

Ukusetshenziswa komuntu

Ukuzulazula kwezimpawu zasolwandle zasenyakatho okokuqala kwachazwa ngo-1741 esiQondeni saseCommander ngokuxoshwa kukaVitus Bering. Isazi semvelo uGeorge Steller wabhala kudayari yakhe “ngemihlambi eminingi yamakati,” eyayiningi ngaleso sikhathi (uGolder, 1925). Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, abazingeli be "fur Gold" bathuthele lapho, kanye nakwezinye iziqhingi zaseNyakatho Pacific, futhi ama-rookeries aphindela ukuwohloka ngenxa yokudoba okungalawulwa futhi babuyiselwa futhi. Ngo-1957, kwamiswa umhlangano wokugcina izimbotshana zoboya eNyakatho Pacific. Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, ukudotshwa kwezimpawu zoboya kuye kwehla kakhulu, futhi kwezinye iziqhingi, kufaka phakathi i-1995 e-Mednoy Island, kwamiswa ngokuphelele ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwezomnotho (iStus, 2004). Esiqhingini saseTyuleniy, ukudotshwa kwe-fur seal kuyekisiwe iminyaka emi-5. Kodwa minyaka yonke abazingeli abazingelayo beza lapha ukuzobamba izilwane ngemiyalo yamahlengethwa aseRussia kanye nemifudlana yasemanzini - imvamisa ukusuka kwabangu-20 kuye kwabangu-40. Kuze kube manje, ukudoba okuncane eRussia kuqhutshwa eBering Island.

Incazelo nezici zoboya be-fur seal

Ungahlala uthole eziningi izithombe zezimpawu zoboya, isithombe namavidiyo ngokubamba iqhaza kwawo. Izimpawu ezivame ukwenziwa abalingiswa bama-movie, amafilimu ngokubamba iqhaza kuwo abizwa ukuzobhekisisa enkingeni yokulondolozwa kwawo endle.

Ummeleli wohlobo olujwayelekile kakhulu uphawu lobhedu olusenyakatho. Lapha, kuzoxoxwa ngakho ikakhulukazi. Ukuqonda indlela yokuphila nemikhuba kunganikeza umbono walezi zakhamizi zasolwandle.

Kepha, ngokwejwayelekile, kunezinhlobo eziningana zezimpawu zoboya, futhi zihlala zombili ezindaweni ezisenyakatho naseningizimu. Kepha amanzi abandayo ayathandeka kubo, kubhekiswa kubo ngesimo somzimba wabo, ovumelana ngokuphelele nesimo sezulu esenyakatho.

Phakathi uphawu lokusindeka kanye no-fur seal amancane, eqinisweni, angamalungu omndeni wezimpawu zamanzi, futhi, ngandlela-thile, uyisihlobo sakhe esiseduze kakhulu. Ulwandle ibhubesi, ikati futhi izimpawu, empeleni, zinokuhlukahluka kwazo, kepha ngokuyisisekelo ziyefana.

Banomthethosisekelo ofanayo womzimba, ama-mores, izindlela zokuzingela nokuzalanisa, nendawo yokuhlala. Imvamisa indawo yokuhlala yabo yehlobo ihlangana ndawonye, ​​okungabakhathazi nakancane, futhi akukho zingxabano.

Wachaza lesi silwane esijabulisayo, futhi uStenler - isazi semvelo esasiphila ngekhulu le-18. Ubize amakoloni abo ngaphandle kokuthi “angenakubalwa”, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi ayenesasasa kakhulu kulo lonke ugu olusenyakatho.

Futhi mhlawumbe bekungafanele ukuthi asichaze ngokucebisa kakhulu inani labo eliphanayo.Ngemuva kwakho konke, ngemuva kwalokho, kwavulelwa ukuzingela okuphelele - abazingeli bayo yonke imivimbo bagijimele ukuyothola intengo yokubopha uphawu oboya bawo bebuphakeme impela.

Isikhathi eside sokudoba okungalawulwa ngokuphelele, amakoloni amakati asolwandle angaphezu kokukodwa afinyelela ukwehla ngokuphelele futhi avuselelwa futhi. Ekugcineni 1957 Kwaphasiswa umthetho wokuvikela iziNyakatho zePacific Pacific Fur. Akunjalo ithoyizi - u-fur seal njengazo zonke ezinye izidalwa eziphilayo, inelungelo lokuba nokuthula.

Ngokungangabazeki, eminyakeni yamuva ukukhiqizwa kwawo kwehle kakhulu, futhi kwezinye izindawo kwaze kwaqedwa ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke nokho, ukuzingela kusenzeka namanje, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kusemthethweni - lapho lezi zilwane zibanjelwe izindawo zasemanzini ezibonisa amahlengethwa kanye nezimpawu zoboya.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isekisi fur seal show emazweni amaningi ayathandwa. Namanje ngiyabamba uphawu lwezintambo zaseRussia, kwenzeka, ngokwesibonelo, lesi siqhingi iBering Island.

Ama-Fur seal ayizilwane ezinkulu impela. Abesilisa bafika ngosayizi ongaphezu kwamamitha amabili, futhi banesisindo esingama-300 kg. Abesifazane bancanyana kakhulu - ngamamitha angu-1.5 ubude, futhi enesisindo esimaphakathi kwama-70 kg.

Into esemqoka yokufudumeza amakati uboya bawo obukhulu nobushushu, futhi hhayi amanoni, njengezihlobo zabo eziningi emndenini. Ungqimba oluncane lwamafutha lukuvumela ukuthi ungene ngaphansi ngokujulile. Ngaphezulu, uboya obuthambile bumbozwa izinwele ezomile, ezimnyama. Ukuqina kombala kuya ngobulili nobudala bomuntu ngamunye.

Imvamisa kusukela ekuzalweni fur seal cub Inombala omnyama ofanayo. Ukuzalwa uphawu olumhlophe loboya ukutholakala, yize ama-albino engabandakanywa. Imvamisa lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa, okungajwayelekile kofuzo, futhi amawundlu azalwa eyimpumputhe, ngakho-ke, njengomthetho, awasindi. Kepha kukhona okuhlukile.

Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuzalwa, amakati ayaphela, bese umbala uba mpunga ngokwengeziwe. Ngokuthuthuka okwengeziwe, kuba ngandlela-thile okuhlukile ngokuya ngobulili bomuntu ngamunye. Njengabantu, amakati amadala anezinwele ezimpunga ezinweleni zawo, nombala wazo uyakhanya.

Indawo yokuhlala ye-Fur seal

Izimpawu abaphili impilo ehleliwe, kepha iningi lonyaka basuka ezindaweni ngezindawo. Isikhathi sokuzala, lapho bachitha isikhathi kuma-rookeries, sifushane impela - kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo.

Imibhede imvamisa isendaweni ehlala njalo lapho ibuya khona njalo ngonyaka. Kungaba ngamabhishi anesihlabathi atholakala eduze kwamadwala noma amatshe asogwini, ahlanganisa ngokuphelele amabhlokhi amatshe acwecwe lapho kufanelekile ukuqamba khona amanga.

Into esemqoka ukuthi kusuka olwandle oluvulekile, lapho amagagasi esivunguvungu evela khona njalo, avikelekile ngohlanga lwemvelo lwezixhobo noma amatshe. Lokhu kungaba isiqephu esikhulu samanzi angajulile, sigcwaliswe ngamathayi aminyene we-algae. Lapho, emvuleni ethule, amawundlu awo azofunda ukubhukuda.

Ngobusika, bayasuswa ezindaweni zabo, bahambe bayozingela olwandle. Lesi sikhathi sihlala izinyanga ezingaphezu kweziyisithupha. Olwandle bahlala ngamaqembu amancane, ngaphandle kokwakha okungenani amaqoqo athile abalulekile.

Kakhulu

Isisindo selogo endala kunazo zonke ezindala size sifinyelele kumakhilogremu angama-30. Isisindo sezidalwa ezinkulu kakhulu sifinyelela amakhilogremu angama-300.

Ukuthungwa okukhulu kakhulu kwezimpawu zoboya kuhlanganisa abantu abangama-400,000. Lokho wukuthi, cishe ingxenye yesithathu yenani eliphelele lezilwane emhlabeni.

Amanye amaphuzu athakazelisayo mayelana nezimpawu zoboya

Phakathi koboya bezimpawu zamakha, ngisho naphakathi kokumba, umoya uhlala. Isiza isilwane ukuthi singabi yiqhwa emanzini eqhwa. Uketshezi alufinyeleli esikhunjeni. Ngakho-ke, izidalwa azilokothi ziqine. Ukufakwa okungeziwe okushisayo kunikela ngamafutha angaphansi kwesilwane.

Ngenkathi yokuzalela, abesilisa balahlekelwa ikota yesisindo sabo sokuqala. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuqhamuki eqinisweni lokuthi bayakhuthala. Abesilisa baphoqelelwa ukuba bavikele insimu yabo. Aziphumi ngisho nokuzingela. Lokho wukuthi, empeleni, babulawa yindlala.

Ama-Fur seal anezinwele ezimnyama. I-hue ishintsha kuphela ngeminyaka yobudala yesilwane.

Abesilisa yibo abaphambili ephaketheni. Baziphatha ngokubhekela kwabesifazane njengabaseshi bangempela. Abesifazane ku "harem" abanamalungelo. Umsebenzi wabo kuphela ukwanelisa owesilisa futhi ngezikhathi ezithile uzale inzalo.

Kwesinye isikhathi izintokazi zikhohlisa abesilisa. Bancamela abantu abaqinile abanezakhi zofuzo ezinhle nokungabikho kobudlelwano bomndeni lapho inzalo enempilo ingazala khona.

Ukuthola umlingani ongaba naye, izinsikazi zingashiya amawundlu bese zishiya ithuba lokuhamba isikhathi eside. Ngenxa yalokho, zisuka harem iye kuya harem. Kuze kube yilapho bethola okufanelekile.

Ngokwezibalo, ngaphansi kwengxenye yesine yabesifazane abakhulelwe abanomnikazi wayo. Bonke abanye bagcina beyofuna umlingani omusha.

Ngasikhathi sinye, ezinye izintokazi azinawo umdlandla ngokubonakala kombangi. Banolaka. Intukuthelo ibangelwa hhayi umhawu kangako ngokwesaba amazinyane. Ukuhamba kwabantu abadala kuyingozi ezinganeni. Bangamane bachoboze amawundlu.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana nezimpawu zamathumbu zoboya ukuthi, uma ufuna umlingani, insikazi inganqoba aze afike kumamitha angama-35. Kumuntu, leli ibanga elihlekisayo. Kodwa-ke, kunzima ngezimpawu zomzimba zoboya besifazane ukuhamba emhlabeni. Ikakhulu uma ucabanga ukuthi unamachaphaza nabanye abantu. Okusho ukuthi, owesimame uya enhlosweni yakhe ngokoqobo “ngaphezulu kwekhanda”.

Kunzima ukuqamba abesilisa njengobaba abazalwa benakekela ngokuzalwa. Ngenkathi insikazi ithola ukudla, owesilisa angaphonsa ikilo lakhe noma alale kulo, ajike ngapha nangapha.

Ososayensi abakwazi ukuphendula ncamashi ukuthi imuphi umbandela wesifazane akhetha umlingani. Okunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuthi bakhangwa iphunga nokubukeka kowesilisa. Okusho ukuthi, konke kwenzeka cishe ngokufana nakubantu.

Isimo sokuLondolozwa

Izinhlobo zifakiwe kwi-International Red Book (UICN).
Ngo-1911, kwasayinwa umhlangano phakathi kwe-United States, Great Britain (Canada), Japan, neRussia on the Prevention of Another Destruction of Fur Seals, owaqala ukusebenza ngo-1941. Ngo-1957, kwaqedwa umhlangano omusha, owenqabela ukudotshwa kwezimpawu zomzimba. Njengamanje, iziqhingi zasePribylova kuthiwa zimisiwe njengohulumeni wase-US. Ensimini yaseRussia eziqhingini zaseTyuleniy naseKomandorsky bangena umbuso obekelwe eceleni.

Buka futhi ndoda

Isikhathi eside, izimbambo zoboya bezithathwa njengezilwane ezihwebayo ezibalulekile ezinoboya, futhi umlando wokudoba wazo mude futhi awumuhle njalo. Kusukela kwasungulwa iNkampani ngonyaka we-1780, imboni ye-catfish isisondele kakhulu. Isibonelo, isikhathi kusuka ku-1799 kuya ku-1867. Kwenziwa izindikimba ezingaphezu kuka-2,5 million zohlobo olusenyakatho e-Commander nase Pribylovy Islands. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, ngenxa yokudotshwa kwezilwane ezihlaselayo zaseMelika, eJapan naseRussia iSt. Wort, inani lalezi zilwane lehle laya kwizilwane eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-132 ngonyaka we-1910.
Manje kukhiqizwa inani elincane kakhulu lezimpawu zamanzi, ikakhulukazi abahwebi abaneminyaka yobudala engama-3-4.

Ukusatshalaliswa

I-Northern fur seal ivamile engxenyeni esenyakatho yoLwandle iPacific. Ama-rookeries amakhulu atholakala eziQhingini zasePribylov oLwandle iBering (indawo yase-US), esiQondeni seCommander Islands naseTyuleny Island oLwandle lwase-Okhotsk. Inani elincane lezimpawu zoboya lihlala eziqhingini zaseKuril. Ebusika, izindikimba zihlala eBering, Okhotsk, Japan Seas nasezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho zoLwandlekazi iPacific.

Ukubukeka

Ngaphandle, izithunga zoboya basenyakatho ziqhathaniswa kakhulu nabanye abamele izithonjana. Banomzimba kanye nezinyawo ezinamandla ezinamakhompiyutha aphenduke amalulazi. I-dimorphism yezocansi iphinyiselwa kakhulu: ubude bomzimba wesilisa bufika ku-2.1 m, isisindo siphezulu sifinyelela kuma-300 kg, izinsikazi zifinyelela ku-1.5 m no-65 kg. Ngokuvamile, abesilisa babukeka bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane, ikakhulukazi intamo enamandla namabele anamandla. Iziphephe zezimpawu zamanzi zide kakhulu futhi azinazinwele, futhi zinesibalo esikhulu impela sezithukuthuku. Amacala asezithanjeni ezingaphambili cishe angabonakali noma awekho. Muzzle mfushane, wakhomba, amehlo ahlukene. Ama-auricles angaphandle mancane, awekho ngaphezu kwama-5 cm.
Izinhlobo zezinwele zoboya zinezinwele zangaphandle nangaphansi (undercoat). Izinwele zabo zikhula ngoxhaxha: Izinwele ezi-1 eziyinhloko, eziphakathi kweziyi-2 nezi-10-30 ezihle. Lokhu kugcotshwa okuminyene kudlala indima enkulu kwizimpawu zoboya lapho inqubo ye-thermoregulation isemanzini. Umbala wejazi uyahlukahluka ngokuya ngeminyaka nobulili bezilwane. Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zinombala omnyama oqinile. Ngemuva kwe-molt yokuqala eneminyaka eyi-izinyanga ezi-3-4, umbala woboya uba (bekunguwo lo fur owadotshwa ngaphambili). Ngemuva kwezixhumanisi ezilandelayo, uboya bezilwane bashintsha ngendlela ehlukile. Abesilisa banombala omnyama, futhi ngobudala obukhanyayo (izinwele ezimpunga) buvela ebhulukweni labo. Izinwele zezinsikazi zigcina uthayi wesiliva impilo yazo yonke futhi ziphenduka ophuzi kancane ngobudala.
Ngenxa yokuthi izimbotshana zoboya zichitha ingxenye yempilo yazo zisemhlabeni, ezinye emanzini, futhi nangaphansi kwamanzi, amehlo azo kufanele abone kuzo zonke lezi zindawo zokuhlala. Amehlo amakati makhulu, futhi ukwakheka kwawo kwangaphakathi kubonisa ukuba khona kombono we-binocular. I-visual acuity yamakati isezingeni elifanelekile, kokubili emanzini nasemhlabeni.
Umuzwa omuhle wephunga lezimpawu zoboya “usebenza” ikakhulukazi emhlabeni. Ngokuhogela, abesilisa banquma imingcele yendawo yabo kanye nesimo sokukhwelana kwabesifazane. Ngokuhogela, izintokazi zithola indawo yazo kule Rookery namawundlu azo.
Izimpawu zomshini womzimba zakhiwe kahle futhi zizwa, kuyilapho nazo zizwa kahle emhlabeni nasemanzini. Ukuhleleka kwe-morphological kwendlebe ephakathi neyangaphakathi kubonisa ukuthi amakati angabona imisindo ehlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ama-ultrasound.
Kubaluleke kakhulu kumakati, ikakhulukazi kuma-rookeries, nemizwa ethintekayo. Naphezu kokuphithizela okukhulu, imvamisa ukugwema ukuxhumana ngqo emzimbeni. Umuzwa we-Tactile wenziwa ngama-receptors esikhumba nawobucayi obukhethekile, obutholakala kuwo wonke umzimba. Ikakhulu eziningi zazo ebusweni, lapho i-vibrissa yakheka "amadevu" aminyene. Ezindebeni ezingaphezulu zesivalo soboya, kunezingcezu ezingama-22- 23 ohlangothini ngalunye. Ukusondela komunye nomunye, izilwane azihluphi nje kuphela, kepha futhi “zigaxa amadevu” ngemizwa enenjabulo.

Indlela Yokuphila Nenhlangano Yezenhlalo

Njengazo zonke izikhonkwane, izimbambo zoboya ziyabhukuda futhi zishone kakhulu, kepha azisizi ngalutho emhlabeni. Lapho ihamba emanzini, ikati liyandiza, libhekabheka amaflakisi amakhulu angaphambili, anjengamaphiko. Uma kwenzeka ingozi, ingafinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-15-16 km / h, kepha imvamisa ihamba ezintabeni ngejubane le-9-11 km / h. Iziphephelo ezingemuva ngesikhathi sokubhukuda zisebenza njengesihlalo sebhanti kanye ne-balancer. Izinsikazi zingajula ngokujulile, ziye ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-100, kepha zivame ukuhlala kungqimba lwamanzi angaphezulu kwamamitha ayi-10 kuye kwangama-20.
Izimpawu ziyasebenza ebusuku, kusihlwa nasekuseni kakhulu. Esikhathini sasemini, bavame ukulala, futhi bakwenze emhlabeni nasemanzini. Ngesikhathi sokulala emanzini (futhi lokhu kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ebusika, lapho izindikimba zihola indlela yokuphila ye-pelagic), zilele ohlangothini lwazo, zigxilise i-flipper eyodwa ngaphambili emanzini, ziphakamise abasele abathathu ngendlu ngaphezulu kwamakhanda abo ukuze kugcinwe ukushisa. Njengoba ifakwe emanzini, ikati lilele ngaso sonke isikhathi libamba kancane, ngenkathi ligcina isikhundla esifunekayo emanzini.
Impilo yezenhlalo zoboya bezimpawu zamakhosi ihlukaniswe ngokuqinile kube izikhathi ezi-2 - ihlobo (ukuzulazula) nobusika (pelagic).
Ehlobo, izimpawu zasendlini zihlala ezitolo ezihamba ndawonye phakathi kwezixuku zezihlobo zazo, zixhumana eduze, futhi ebusika, olwandle, zihlala zodwa noma ngamaqembu amancane, cishe azixhumani.
Ngentwasahlobo, ngoMeyi, abantu bokuqala baba ngabokuqala ukuhamba ngesikebhe baye ezindaweni zamarobhothi akhiwe eziqhingini ezikude neziqhingi ezinamabhishi amatshe amhlophe noma anesihlabathi. Bahamba beya ogwini futhi bangene ezindaweni ezikhethiwe ezifanele. Le nqubo ayihlangene ngokuthula; kukhona ukuxabana okukhona njalo phakathi kwabesilisa kanye nokulwa okukhulu kwendawo ethile.
NgoJuni, abesifazane baqala ukusondela kuma-rookeries. Abesilisa bahlangana nabo futhi bazame ukubathumela esizeni sabo. Imvamisa, abantu besifazane balwela ukukhetha indawo efanayo lapho babehlala khona ngonyaka owedlule. Kancane kancane azungeze owesilisa ngamunye iqembu lamaqembu abesifazane, okuthiwa yi-harem. I-harem ngayinye ingaba nezinsikazi ezingama-20- 30, noma ezingama-50. Kancane kancane izihlakala ezikhulayo zicishe zixhunyaniswe, zakha indawo yokuhlala enomsindo eminingi. Izinsikazi zezintambo zoboya nazo zihlala zingqubuzana. Ngakho-ke, i-rookery ihlala inomsindo ovela komakhelwane abathukuthela "abakhuluma".
Esikhathini esithile emva kokuzalwa kwamawundlu, abizwa ngokuthi “ama-kindergartens” akhiwa endaweni yokuzulazula, lapho abantu abasha abavela kuwo wonke ama-rookery bebuthana khona lapho omama babo beya olwandle ukuyokondla.
Izimpawu ezincane zesilisa ezisencane zakha ama-bachelor rookeries abo. Lapha impilo iqhubeka ngokuzola kakhulu kunezehlukaniso "zabantu abadala". Yize ama-bachelors ahlela ukulwa "kombukiso", awalumi noma alimaze abanye. Lezi zicucu zilungiselela abesilisa abasebasha impilo eqhubekayo "yabantu abadala".
Ngemuva kokuphela kwesikhathi sokuzala esisebenzayo, izindikimba zihlala ekuthengeni ezinye izinyanga ezi-2-2,5, zokuphumula kanye nencibilikisiwe. Zonke izingxabano phakathi kwabo ziyaphela. Ngo-Okthoba, ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, izimpawu zishiya ama-rookeries olwandle, okokuqala zincane, bese kuba yizilwane ezindala. Bese bephila impilo yasolwandle, ezulazulayo.

Ukudla okunempilo nokudla okuphakelayo

Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-60 zezilwane zasemanzini, ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi, ama-cephalopods nama-crustaceans, asebenza njengezinto zokudla zezimpawu zasolwandle. Isidingo sokudla nsuku zonke se-North fur seal siyisilinganiso esingu-7% saso. Isikhathi sokudla esiyinhloko sisuka ekwindla siye ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, abesilisa abavuthiwe ngokobulili abanezinsikazi abondli nhlobo. Ezindaweni ezihlukile zobubanzi, ukwakheka kwezinhlobo zokukhiqizwa kwe-seal kuyehluka ngandlela thile.

Vocalization

Imisindo eyenziwe yizimpawu zoboya iyahlukahluka, futhi “ikhuluma” kakhulu lapho ihlala kuma-rookeries emhlabeni. Abesilisa, okukhombisa ukuhlala kule ndawo futhi basongele izimbangi zabo, bakhipha umsindo omkhulu onamandla njengomsindo omkhulu womshisi. Ngokujikeleza okujwayelekile kwezinto zabo, abesilisa bakhipha imisindo ethile, ephakeme ngokungajwayelekile, eshaya imisindo yezilwane ezinkulu kangako.
Abesifazane nabo bayaxhumana. I-"crak" yazo enkulu futhi enolaka ihlala izwakala kuma-rookeries, ikakhulukazi lapho izama ukwephula izindawo ngazinye. Owesifazane ukhulumisana nethole ngokumemeza okuthe ukuthula okuthambile okuthe xaxa, futhi, efuna iwundlu lakhe endaweni yokuthwebula, likhipha umsindo omkhulu. Ingane ibuye ifonele lo mama, obebuyele kuyona ngemuva kokudla, naye futhi ekhala kakhulu. Kungenxa yezwi (nephunga) lapho izinsikazi zithola amawundlu azo kulokishi.

Isikhathi sokuphila

Isikhathi sokuphila sezimpawu zasolwandle zasenyakatho cishe iminyaka engama-30. Kodwa-ke, zimbalwa kakhulu izilwane ezisindayo endalweni kuze kube yile minyaka. Inani elikhulu lamakati liyafa eminyakeni emibili yokuqala yokuphila, futhi ikakhulukazi ebusika bokuqala, lapho bephoqelelwa ukushintshela ekuzondleni ngokwakho. Ama-Fur seals anezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo; lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kungama-whales abulala kanye nohlobo oluthile loshaka.

Incazelo yangaphandle

Izimpawu zoboya baseNyakatho, njengazo zonke ezinye izikhonkwane, zinomzimba omkhulu wesimo se-oblong nekhanda elincane.

Enye into ehlukile yalezi zilwane ukuthi izindlebe nomsila wazo cishe awabonakali. Kodwa yize izindlebe zalezi zilwane zincane kakhulu, zisenama-auricles.

Ama-Fur seals yilezo zilwane ezinhle ezisebenzisa ingxenye enkulu yobukhona bazo emanzini olwandle.

Izimpawu zokuphawu ziyizinhlobo ezisengozini futhi ngenxa yalokho zibhalwe ku-International Red Book.

Ijazi lalezi zilwane lukhuni, alugqinsi. Imibala evame kakhulu onsundu futhi imnyama. Amehlo amnyama, makhulu.

Imikhuba yendlela yokuphila

Yonke imidlwane yalezi zinyamazane ihlukaniswe eningizimu nasenyakatho. Indawo ahlala kuyo uLwandlekazi iPacific kusuka e-Alaska kuya e-Austria.Phakathi kokunye, bahlala ogwini oluseningizimu yezwe lase-Afrika.

Isici esibonakalayo sezimpawu zasolwandle ukuthi, ukuphepha nokukhiqiza kabusha, bakha amakoloni anabantu abaningi. Bancamela ukuhlala ogwini, olunamanzi alo acebile ngokudla.

Lezi zilwanyana ezincelisayo zizingela emanzini, kepha zithanda ukuphumula kuphela ogwini. Kwesinye isikhathi, ukuzingela kungaba yinde impela kanti nezimpawu zingabuyeli emhlabathini izinsuku ezintathu, kepha noma lokhu akuyona inkinga kulezi zilwane ezincelisayo, ngoba ziyakwazi nokulala emanzini. Bondla ikakhulu inhlanzi kanye nama-squid. Ukuze bathole ukudla, kwesinye isikhathi kufanele bahambe amakhilomitha angamakhulu.

Cishe zonke izinhlobo zezinsika zoboya ziyahamba ziyofuna ukudla nendawo efanelekile, ngakho-ke ukuhamba kwamaqembu amakhulu alezi zilwane kuyisikhathi sonyaka. Akuyona indima encane edlalwa yisidingo sokuzala nokuzala.

Akunandaba ukuthi kugcinwe kuphi noma kanjani, ama-fur seals, noma adla ini, ahlala ethanda ukuzingela kuphela. Phakathi kokunye, ososayensi abaningi bayavuma ukuthi lezi zilwane zinobuhlakani obuphakeme kakhulu.

Impilo e-zoo

E-Zoo yaseMoscow, izimbambo zoboya zasenyakatho zihlala e-Old Territory kwenye yezindiza zezakhiwo zasePinniped. Zingabonakala hhayi phezulu kuphela, kodwa nangaphansi kwamanzi ngokusebenzisa izingilazi ezinkulu eziwugqinsi. Imvamisa izilwane zibhukuda ngokukhethekile kubantu ukuze bakwazi ukuxhumana. Lapho ikati lilele emanzini, lingagudli, futhi lilale ngokuthula, lokhu kuvame ukwethusa izivakashi eziphapheme ezikholelwa ukuthi isilo sesifile.
Ama-Fur seals afakwa e-zoo enezinhlanzi kanye nama-squid. Ehlobo, athola kusuka kuma-4 (abesifazane) kuya kuma-6,6 kg (abesilisa) bokudla ngosuku, futhi ebusika, ukudla kuyenyuka ngo-50%, ngoba izilwane zigcinwa ngaphandle unyaka wonke.

Ngokokuqala ngqa, izintambo zoboya ezifuyelwe lapha ngoJulayi 2015 - uFlint osemusha wazalelwa uYushka wesifazane noPirate wesilisa.

Izinhlobo zokuphila zasolwandle

Ama-Fur seal angama-pinnipeds angawomndeni we-eyred seal. Kuvela kulezi zilwane lapho kutholwa khona abahleli bamasekhethi abamangalisa, ngoba abahlukanga kuphela ngokubukeka kwabo okuhle, kepha futhi nangokushesha nangobuhlakani. Kuze kube manje, izazi zezinto eziphilayo zikwazile ukukhomba izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili zalezi zilwane:

• Empumalanga Ekude
• ENingizimu Melika
• New Zealand
• IGalapagos
• I-Kerguelen
• Cape
• IGuadeloupe
• -ngaphansi komhlaba

Empumalanga Ekude

Lolu hlobo lwentaba emele amakati asolwandle. Ungahlangana nalezi zilwane eNyakatho nePacific Ocean, uze ufike eCalifornia naseningizimu yeJapan. Ubude bomzimba walolu hlobo lwezimpawu zamanzi cishe bungamamitha ayi-2,2, futhi banesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-320.

Isiqu esiseduze soboya baseMpumalanga

Umzimba walezi zinhlaka ngesimo ufana nethonsi elikhulu lamanzi elinekhanda elincanyana kakhulu namehlo ahlukane ngokwahlukana. Abamele lolu hlobo lwenhlobo bane-furky and fur thick, abangaba yimibala ehlukene ngokuphelele. Ngenxa yoboya nobubanzi obukhulu bamafutha, umzimba walesi silwane uvikelekile ku-hypothermia.

I-South American fur seal

Amaduna ngobude afinyelela kumamitha amabili, kuyilapho enesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-200. Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, kuyisiko ukwahlukanisa:

• amatywina ahlala eziQhingini zaseFalklee,
• izimpawu ezihlala ogwini lwaseNingizimu Melika.

Zombili lezi zinhlobo zithanda ukudonsa ogwini olunamadwala, ezindaweni ezimaxhaphozi nasemihumeni. Ngokungafani nabanye abanye, lolu hlobo luningi futhi alukho ku-Red Book.

New Zealand

Uhlobo luhlotshaniswa nombala onsundu futhi lutholakala ogwini lwaseNew Zealand, kanye nasentshonalanga naseningizimu ye-Australia. Kwezinye izikhathi nazo zingatholakala eziqhingini ezingaphansi komhlaba.

INew Zealand Fur Seal

Akhula afinyelela kumamitha ayi-2,5, kuyilapho isisindo sawo singamakhilogremu ayi-180.

IGalapagos

Lolu hlobo lekati lubhekwa njengelincane kunazo zonke, njengoba izilwane zikhula zibe ngamasentimitha ayi-150 kuphela futhi zingabi namakhilogremu angama-64.

I-Galapagos fur seal

Umbala wejazi lalezi zilwane onsundu. Isici sabo esihlukanisayo ukuthi abafuduki, futhi bachitha impilo yabo yonke eduzane neziqhingi zaseGalapogos. Bachitha isikhathi esingaphezu kwamashumi ayisikhombisa esikhathi sabo emhlabeni. Khetha ukudla ama-cephalopods nezinhlanzi.

I-Kerguelen

Lezi zimpawu ze-ered zifana nenja enkulu. Isici sabo futhi ukuthi, ngaphandle kobukhulu bawo obuhlaba umxhwele nesisindo esindayo, bangakwazi, ngokudonsa amafliphu angemuva ngaphansi komzimba, baphakamise kuphela isisindo sabo ngemilenze yangaphambili.

Isigaxa soboya beKerguelen

Ngobude, afinyelela amamitha amabili futhi anesisindo esingamakhilogremu angamakhulu amabili, njengazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zabesifazane, ahlukile ngoba mancane kakhulu kunabesilisa, isisindo sawo asidluli amakhilogile angamashumi ayisikhombisa, futhi ubude bawo bomzimba buhluka kusuka kumamitha ayi-1,1 kuye kwayi-1,3. .

Cape

Loluhlobo lwe-seal luyatholakala eNingizimu Afrika. Bathanda ukuhlala ogwini logwadule lwaseNamib futhi ukuphela kwezakhamuzi zasemanzini ezihlala ogwadule.

IsiCape Fur Seal

Ngaphandle, azihlukile kwezinye izinhlobo. Lezi zilwane zikhula zifinyelela kumamitha ayi-2,5. Ngenxa yobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele, le nhlobo ibonwa njengenye yezinkulu kakhulu.

IGuadeloupe

Ungatholakala eMexico esiqhingini saseGuadalupe. Abesilisa bakhulu kakhulu futhi bakhula ngamamitha amabili ubude.

Isigaxa soboya beGuadeloupe

Ijazi lidwetshwe licishe laba mnyama noma libe nsundu. Isici esihlukile ukuthi ingemuva lentamo ine-tint ephuzi.

Ezansi

Abamele le nhlobo bakhula ngobukhulu obuphakathi futhi banesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-160 ubude bomzimba wamamitha amabili.

I-Subtropical fur seal

Lolu hlobo luhlala e-Amsterdam naseNingizimu Atlantic. Abamele le nhlobo baphila ngokwesilinganiso cishe iminyaka engama-24. Ngokuqondene nejazi, abesilisa bahlukile ngoba imihlane yabo isuka kumpunga omnyama kuya komnyama, kodwa kwabesifazane inombala onsomi okhanyayo.

Ukubonakala kwezimpawu zoboya

Njengazo zonke izikhonkwane, eziseleni zoboya umzimba uphakeme, intamo imfushane, ikhanda lincane, kanti izitho zisesimweni samaphiko. Umsila walezi zilwanyana ezincelisayo, kanye nezindlebe zazo, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuba uziqaphele. Kodwa yize izindlebe zamakati ngokwazo zincane kakhulu, zisenama-auricles.

Amehlo amakhulu atholakala ekhanda, anomthunzi omnyama futhi ahlala egcwele umswakama. I-hairline yesilwane imfushane kakhulu, kepha iminyene. Umbala woboya uvame uku nsundu noma umnyama.

Izindlebe zezimpawu zoboya mncane kakhulu, ekuqaleni awuzukubabona.

Ubukhulu besilwane abuncane neze, kepha abesilisa bahlala bebaningi kakhulu kunabesifazane, cishe amahlandla ama-4 noma ama-5. Abesilisa banesisindo esisuka ku-100 kuye kuma-250 kilos, kanti izinsikazi zinesisindo kusuka ku-25 kuye ku-40 kilos.

Ukulala uphawu lobumba lowesifazane

Ibanga le-Fur Seal

Lonke inani lalezi zilwane emhlabeni lihlukaniswe izimbambo zoboya boNyakatho kanye nezimpawu zoboya baseNingizimu. Indawo lapho behlala khona yiLwandlekazi iPacific, ukusuka eNhlonhlweni ye-Alaska enyakatho kuya e-Australia eningizimu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, enye yezinhlobo zalezi zilwane ihlala ogwini oluseningizimu yezwekazi lase-Afrika.

I-Fur Seal Rookery

Ilungisa uphawu lokugunda kogu, ngenkathi itholakala zombili ogwini olunamadwala, nasendaweni emnene.

Indlela yokuphila ye-Fur Seal

Ama-Fur seal ayizilwane zomhlambi, ahlangana emikhondweni emikhulu, futhi onke ahlala endaweni eyodwa. Kwesinye isikhathi ezindaweni lapho kuhlala khona lokhu kufakwa kwezihlambi zamanzi, i-apula akukho lapho lingawela khona. Ugu lwalezi zilwanyana ezincelisayo luyindawo yokuphumula, futhi ukuzingela kwenzeka emanzini. Imvamisa, ukuzingela kuyakhishwa - kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezintathu. Kepha lokhu akuyona inkinga ezinkanjini zoboya, ngoba ziyakwazi ukulala ngisho emanzini!

Lesi sigaxa soboya baseNew Zealand (i-Arctocephalus forsteri) sizizwa sikhululekile ngokuphelele emanzini

Lezi izilwane ezincelisayo ziyizilwane ezifudukayo. Ukuhamba kwabo kuhlotshaniswa nokuzalaniswa kwenzalo, ngoba ngesikhathi sokuzalela badinga amanzi abandayo, lapho kunokudla okuningi abakudingayo.

Yize izimbambo zoboya zihlala emhlambini wezinkomo, wonke umuntu ukhetha ukuzingela yedwa, anolaka olunje! Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi laba bameleli be-pinnipeds banobuhlakani obuphakeme obulungile.

Isigaxa soboya besilisa siqapha izinsikazi ezimbili, sivimbele abanye abesilisa ukusondela kubo

Izici zangaphandle zekholiya yasenyakatho yoboya

Leli tywina likhulu impela: ubude abesilisa abesilisa bungamasentimitha angama-200 ngokwesilinganiso, isisindo esiphezulu singama-300 kg, izinsikazi ezindala zifinyelela ubude obungu-130 cm nesisindo esingu-65 kg. Ama-Cubs aneminyaka engu-2,5 kuya ku-2,5 ubude anama-60 kuya ku-75 cm nobunzima obungu-6 kuya ku-13 kg.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izivalo zophawu lwasenyakatho zohlobo lwekhanda, ikhanda elincane, isicubu esifushane nesibunjiwe, ama-auricles angaphandle angama-5 cm namafudlana asemuva kakhulu ahlukaniswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindengezo zangaphambili zalesi uphawu cishe azinazinwele.

Izicucu ezinde zisiza izimbambo zoboya ukubhukuda ngokweqile, nokho, ziyisithiyo lapho zihamba emhlabathini kanzima. Emanzini, izilwane zihamba ngosizo lwamaphinifa angaphambili, ezingemuva ziyelulwa emuva futhi zitholakala endizeni ebheke phezulu. Ukuhamba kwamaphiko angaphambili kungaba namandla kangangokuba amakati aphuma emanzini.

Ngenkathi ngihamba emhlabeni, izihlambi ziyaphakama emaflipini, zincike esihlanganweni esihlanganayo sezibaphambili nezithende. Ngokunyakaza okuhamba kancane, amafiphidi angaphambili ahlelwe kabusha ngokuhlukile, kanti namaphiko angemuva ahamba ne-pelvis, okuyihlobo elihamba kancane nje komunye nomunye. Ngomfutho osheshayo, lesi silwane siphendukelwa kabukhali yizimbambo zangemuva, abaphambili bahlelwa kabusha ngejerk esheshayo ngasikhathi sinye, kepha omunye wabo uhlala ehamba phambili. Ngale ndlela, izimpawu zivika ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi akukho lula ukuthi umuntu azibambe. Encane, indlela yokuhamba kancane iyaqina.

Esikhathini sezulu esibandayo, izilwane ziqoqa wonke amaflashazi, bese kuthi esimweni sezulu esifudumele zibahlakaze noma baphakamise i-flipper eyodwa. Ekushiseni, bavame ukufuzisela imicengezi yabo bese bevula imilomo. Imvamisa, izilwane ziphumula ngokuphelele esimweni esingajwayelekile, ziphakamise amakhanda neziifuba zazo ngaphezulu komhlabathi.

I-hairline iqukethe umgogodla oqinile wokuvikela kanye ne-fluff emnene etholakala ngaphansi kwawo. Umbala wangemuva wezilwane unqunywa umbala wesigaqa futhi uhluka kusuka kwesiliva-grey kuya onsundu omnyama noma onsundu. Umbala wephasi, kuya ngeminyaka, ungasukela ku-beige uye ube nsundu ngamathoni ahlukile.

Izingwegwe zabesilisa abadala zidalwa kakhulu ngombala onsundu, izinwele zabo zinamakhwela, ingaphansi lenqabileyo liyinqaba, kanti ulayini wezinwele uphakama ngemuva kwekhanda, intamo nangaphambili emuva, bakha i-scruff.

Ezintokazi ezindala, isizinda sombala oyinhloko ngimpunga emnyama (emanzini), kodwa ngemuva kokungcoliswa kogu kuba mnyama noma kube nsundu okumnyama; abanaso isikhafu.

Amakati asanda kuzalwa ambozwe izinwele zangaphandle ezinokhahlo zombala omnyama, ngaphansi kwawo kukhona izinwele ezingafuneki phansi. Umbala wamawundlu ancibilikisiwe anezinyanga ezintathu nangaphezulu anesiliva grey, izinwele ziwugqinsi.

Ama-Bachelors - abesilisa abaneminyaka emi-2 kuya kwengama-5 - bayalingana nabesifazane futhi banombala ofanayo kubo. Kwabesilisa abaneminyaka emihlanu, umbala womzimba ubumnyama, kuhlelwa ukuba nenkungu, futhi emadodeni aneminyaka eyisithupha, isizinda esimpunga esimnyama.

Izimbobo Zokuhlala

Izivikelo zoboya baseNyakatho zivamile enyakatho yePacific Ocean. Imihlambi emihlanu yezilwane yalolu hlobo ihlukaniswe:

1. eziqhingini zasePribylov (empumalanga yoLwandle iBering),
2. e-Commander Islands (entshonalanga yoLwandle iBering),
3. eziqhingini zoLwandle lwase-Okhotsk,
4. e-Kuril Islands (Western Pacific),
5. esiqhingini saseSan Miguel (eCalifornia).

Sekutholwe ama-rookeries amasha eziqhingini zase-Aleutian naseCastle Rock eCalifornia. Ezinye izilwane zitholakala ogwini lwe-Arctic empumalanga esenyakatho ne-Amundsen Bay nasentshonalanga eseningizimu, eduze neChina.

Ukufuduka Kwesizini

Imihlambi yezimpawu zoboya minyaka yonke yenza ukufuduka kwasentwasahlobo kanye nentwasahlobo ibanga elide. Ekwindla, izilwane zithunyelwa ezindaweni ezinokuphakelwa kakhulu, kanti entwasahlobo - ezindaweni zezingulule noshizi, kuma-rookeries asogwini.

Ekwindla, izimpawu zasolwandle zishiya ama-rookeries asogwini ngo-Okthoba-Novemba. Izindlela zokufuduka kwe-Commander and Kuril herds aziqondakali kahle. Izimpawu zasolwandle zithutheleka kude neziqhingi zasePribilov ziye eningizimu, ikakhulukazi izinsikazi nabesifazane abahamba ngezinyawo abafinyelela eCalifornia, kanti abesilisa abavuthiwe bahlala ebusika endaweni etholakala eningizimu ye-Aleutian Islands.

Ama-Fur seal awakhi amaqembu amakhulu ngesikhathi sokunyakaza, afuduka eyedwa noma ngamaqembu amancane. Ukufuduka kwentwasahlobo kwenzeka ngaphesheya. Izimpawu zibonakala eduze kwama-rookeries asogwini ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi.

Indlela yokuphila, ukukhula komzimba wezimpawu zoboya basenyakatho

Ukusuka ngoMeyi kuze kube ngu-Okthoba, ngesikhathi sokuzalela nokuncibilikisa, izimpawu zomgwaqo zakha ama-rookeries amakhulu asogwini, abale amashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu bobulili obuhlukile nobudala. Ubuningi bendlela yokuzala abesifazane. Zisatshalaliswa emathubeni we-cleaver wesilisa okhulile, zizala ithole elilodwa nomlingani ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

Ukwakheka kwesakhiwo sokutholwa kokuzala kwezimpawu zasolwandle zasenyakatho kwenziwa ngabadwebi bezintela zamadoda. Babengabokuqala, emuva ngoMeyi, ukusondela eziqhingini. Isikhathi esithile bahlala phezu kwamanzi eduze kwethango, bese beya kuwo bese ezimpini ezinolaka besabalalisa insiza phakathi kwabo esizeni lapho bezohluthwa khona ngokuzayo.

Kungekudala nje ngemuva kokufika kwezingwegwe, abesilisa-abalingisi baqala ukusondela eziqhingini, ezizakhela zona, imali ehlukanisiwe emabhange, aseduze kwe-harem rookery.

Kamuva, ngoJuni - ekuqaleni kukaJulayi, izintokazi zifika kancane kancane. Unobuhlakani ngamunye ufuna ukubopha izinsikazi eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka esakhiweni sazo. Owesilisa oqinile, oncintisana kakhulu angaqoqa e-harem yakhe aze afike kwabesifazane abango-50 nangaphezulu!

Cleaver ezungezwe izintokazi harem

Iningi lama-mackerel lithola i-harem eneminyaka eyi-8-9 ubudala nangaphezulu, yize ukuthomba kwenzeka eneminyaka emihlanu kuya kwayisithupha. Abesifazane bafika ebusheni ngeminyaka engu-3-4, futhi iningi labo liqala ukuthela izithelo ngentshiseko lapho lineminyaka engama-5-9.

Ukuziphatha kwamadoda amadala ezindlini zokuzithokozisa kuhloswe ukugcina iziza zezinsikazi nezinsikazi kuzimbangi zazo. I-bilhook ethokozisayo yokuqapha i-harem ihlala igijimela esizeni sayo, ngakho-ke amanye amakamelo asendaweni enesihlabathi azungezwe imigudu ebonakalayo. Lapho ime, kwesinye isikhathi owesilisa ukhipha isixwayiso esinamandla.

Indoda ngayinye (i-harem noma engeyona i-harem) izama ukugcina insikazi eduze kwakhe uma isiseduzane. Kwesinye isikhathi isilo sizama ukukhipha insikazi kumuntu womuntu, sibambe amazinyo ngamazinyo.

Izimpawu zoboya baseNyakatho - owesilisa nowesifazane

UBill izingwegwe kwesinye isikhathi uhlwitha izinsikazi ezinweleni zazo, futhi okokuqala zimhlwitha ekhaleni lakhe, zikhombise ubudlabha phambili. Cishe, ngale ndlela bathola ulwazi oluthile mayelana nokukulungela kwakhe ukukhula. Ngemuva kokumhlwitha, uphawu luyashiya owesifazana, noma luye emasikweni okuthandana nokukhwelana. Uma owesilisa enolaka kakhulu kule nqubo, insikazi iluma intamo yakhe. Ukuhluma kwenzeka emhlabeni noma emanzini angajulile.

Ama-billholes angenangqondo ngazo zonke izindlela angazama ukuyeka izintokazi ziye olwandle ukuzokondla. Kunzima kowesifazane oyedwa ukuhlahlela emabangeni abesilisa, kepha iqembu labesifazane lihlala lidlula, ngoba owesilisa uphuma kwesinye isifazane uye kwesinye, kodwa akakwazi ukumisa lonke iqembu.

Isithombo

Isikhathi sokukhulelwa kwezinsikazi zezinyoni zoboya zasenyakatho cishe unyaka owodwa, noma kunjalo, iqanda elivundisiwe liqala ukukhula kuphela izinyanga ezingama-3.5-4 ngemuva kokuzala.

Imidlwane ivame ukuzalwa ezinsukwini ezi-1-2 ngemuva kokushiya i-rookery. Iningi labesifazane liphuma phakathi kukaJuni 20 noJulayi 20.Imvamisa kuzalwa iwundlu elilodwa, ezimweni ezikhethekile ezimbili. Osayizi bezingane ezisanda kuzalwa zingama-60-70 cm, isisindo singama-5 kg. Ngesikhathi sokubeletha, insikazi kwesinye isikhathi ikhipha amazinyo ngamazinyo ayo. Izinyoni zasolwandle ezinamaphiko zindizela phezulu zizala izinsikazi bese zilinda umzuzu lapho ukwazi ukubamba nokudla okokugcina.

Umama udonsa usana olusanda kuzalwa kuye. Omunye wesifazane olala eduze kwakhe kwesinye isikhathi uzama ukubanga ingane yakhe esanda kuzalwa.

Ngesikhathi sonke sokukhulelwa, esihlala izinyanga ezi-3-4, izinsikazi ziwashiya njalo amawundlu, zichitha izinsuku eziningana olwandle, lapho zidla khona kakhulu. Isikhathi ngasinye, lapho ebuya ekondleni, insikazi ifuna indodana yayo. Ukhipha isimemezelo, amawundlu alambile nawo amphendula ngokukhala. Kusukela ekuzalweni, imveku yehlukanisa umama wayo ngezwi. Ukuxhumeka komzimba wombhangqwana ohlobene kuyadingeka ukuze kutholakale omunye komunye ku-rookery enabantu abaningi. Noma yiliphi iwundlu elilambile liza kowesifazana, futhi liqukula ikhala lakhe ukumazi. Umama uxosha izingane zakwamanye amazwe. Lapho esethole ingane yakhe, umama ujoyina i-harem ayondle lapho.

Lapho ihamba ne-rookery, amawundlu avame ukulandela izinsikazi futhi zilandelane. Lapho omama beya olwandle ukuyokondla, amawundlu asele ahlangana ngamaqembu adlale.

Kusuka esikhathini esingangenyanga, amakati amancanyana, nawo emaqenjini, aqala ukufunda ukubhukuda emanzini angajulile, futhi lapho esemdala aqhubekela phambili nangaphezulu esuka ogwini.

Ngokuvamile, indlela yokuphila ye-harem yezinsika zoboya basenyakatho ihlala kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJulayi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, i.e. ubude besikhathi sayo buyizinyanga eziyi-1.5-2. Ngemuva kokuwa kwezinsikazi, kuqala isikhathi sokuncibilika, esithatha izinyanga ezimbalwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, izilwane zakha amaqoqo abalulekile eziqhingini ezisezindaweni okwakukhona kuzo ngaphambili. Ukwakheka kwe-fallow kuhlanganisa izilwane zazo zonke ubudala namaqembu ocansi.

Ngo-Okthoba-Novemba, lapho isikhathi sokuzalela nokuqunjelwa siphela, izimbambo zohlobo lwasenyakatho kancane kancane zishiya izindawo zazo zomdabuko bese ziyenda izinyanga eziyisithupha ziye emanzini afudumele. Ebusika, zihlala olwandle kuphela futhi empeleni azihambi emhlabathini.

Ukudla kwekati

Izinto zokudla zezintambo zoboya zasenyakatho zincike endaweni yokuhlala. Ebusika, ngesikhathi sokudla kakhulu oLwandle lwaseJapan, isisekelo sokudla kwabo kungumbala nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-squid, oLwandle iPacific - ama-anchovies nama-squids (empumalanga yeJapan), i-saury, capelin, i-anchovies, ama-squids (indawo yaseCalifornia), i-bass, i-saury, i-herring , i-salmon, i-cod, i-squid (indawo ye-British Columbia).

Entwasahlobo, ehlobo, nasekupheleni sekwephuzile, i-capelin, i-pollock, kanye nolwandle kubusa kakhulu ekudleni kwezimpawu zoboya oLwandle iBering; e-Okhotsk, pollock, flounder, rasp nase squid predomost. Izinhlanzi ze-Salmon kuzo zonke izindawo zezimpawu zamanzi zinamaphesenti amancane kakhulu.

Ukukhuluphala kakhulu kwezilwane kubonwa entwasahlobo, okuncane - ekwindla.