Ushaka wenkomo ubizwa nangokuthi ushaka omfushane. Ungowomndeni wompunga we-grey. Izihlobo eziseduze kakhulu yi-tiger shark ne-blue shark. Ungahlangana nale nhlanzi eyingozi emhlabeni wonke.
Habitat - amanzi afudumele angajulile. Ushaka ungena emifuleni ejulile, njengaseGanges, Mississippi, Amazon, Zambezi, bese ukhuphuka umfula. Kutholakala nemifula emincane. Ingaphila kumachibi angena olwandle.
I-Bull shark (i-blunt shark, lat.Carcharhinus leucas)
Habitat
Ushaka wenhlambi awubhukudi uqhele emanzini asogwini uye kumazinga angaphezu kwamamitha ayi-150. Indawo yokuhlala yakhona ingamamitha angama-30. Kutholakala olwandle lwePacific cishe kuzo zonke iziqhingi zase-Oceania nasogwini olusentshonalanga yezwekazi laseMelika - kusuka esifundeni saseCalifornia e-USA kuya e-Ecuador. Ushaka wezinkunzi awutholakali ogwini oluseningizimu ye-Australia. E-Atlantic Ocean kungatholakala eduze kwamazwekazi aseMelika - ukusuka enyakatho ye-USA kuya eningizimu yeBrazil, kanye nase-Afrika - kusuka eMorocco kuya e-Angola. E-Indian Ocean kuhlala emanzini aphakathi kweNingizimu Afrika neKenya. Itholakala ePersian Gulf, eduze nasogwini olusentshonalanga neNdiya.
Indawo enhle yalaba bantu abahlukumezanayo yindawo enamanzi ase-Amazon anenkinga. Ushaka ungakhuphuka umfula 2 km. Abantu abahlukile balolu hlobo babonwa eduze nePeru. Izinhlanzi ezihlaselayo zihlala naseNdiya, emifuleni iBrahmaputra naseGanges, naseCentral America, eLake Nicaragua, lapho kutholakala khona oLwandle lweCaribbean ngasemfuleni. Ushaka wezinkunzi awukho ezindaweni lapho isimo sezulu sifudumele; sithanda imisinga efudumele futhi sikugweme ukubanda.
Ushaka wenkunzi ungumzingeli ongumbhali futhi ongumbulali.
Ukubukeka
Igama lalezi zinhlobo lihlobene ngqo nokwakheka komzimba, njengoba Ngihlobanisa lesi silwane sezinyovolo ngenkunzi ngenxa yesimo esisheshayo. Oshaka besifazane abalufifi bakhulu kunabesilisa. Isilinganiso sobude bomphangi ngamamitha ayi-2,5, kanti isisindo esijwayelekile singama-130 kg. Ubude boshaka obukhulu bufinyelela kumamitha angama-3.5, nesisindo esiphezulu esirekhodiwe singama-315 kg. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, amapharamitha aphezulu angaba mkhulu, kepha abukho ubufakazi balokhu. Izindaba zabadobi mayelana noshaka abafinyelela kubude bamamitha amane nazo azange zifakazelwe.
Oshaka bull banamaphini ama-2 dorsal asayizi ahlukene: umphambili mkhulu kakhulu kunasemuva. Uma kuqhathaniswa nabanye abamele lolu hlobo, laba shaka bane-faini ende, ebekwe phansi. Lapho lesi silwanyana esidla inyama sibamba inyamazane, sivale imihlathi ngamandla angama-600 kg. Kuwo wonke amalungu omndeni, lokhu kungenye yezinkomba ezinkulu kakhulu. Ngaphezulu koshaka unesikhumba esimpunga, isisu sayo simhlophe. Ngenxa yombala wayo, kunzima kakhulu ukucabanga ushaka emanzini. Usolwa ngisho nalokhu kuhlaselwa komuntu angenabo ubuhlobo naye.
Ukushayela eduze koshaka ocwebezelayo - ungawutholaphi umsebenzi ongaxaka izinzwa zakho bese udlala ngokuzuma okukhulu?
Ukuzala
Lezi zidlamlilo zivuthwa ngokocansi lapho zifinyelela ubude bamamitha ayi-1.5. Ushaka omfushane yi-viviparous, i-fry izalelwa kuyo, inani lazo lisukela ku-5 kuye ku-10. Mkhulu, ubude bawo bubalelwa ku-60-70 cm.Ukukhulelwa koshaka kuhlala izinyanga eziyi-12. Ukuzalwa kwengane kwenzeka ezifundeni nasezindongeni. Eminyakeni engu-10 ubudala, ushaka omfushane unosayizi omkhulu.
Ukuziphatha Nempilo
Ushaka uvame ukuzinzwa wedwa, kuyaqabukela kakhulu ukuthi baphume ngababili. Lenhlobo ihlala emifuleni emincane emisha nenosawoti, ngakho-ke iyingozi kakhulu ebantwini nasezilwaneni ezinkulu, ingabahlasela. Ukuziphatha koshaka kunolaka, izenzo azilindelekile. Ngokuqondene nengozi, iqhathaniswa noshaka omhlophe ne-tiger.
Ushaka kumele uhlale unyakaza ngaso sonke isikhathi, uma kungenjalo uzominza.
Isisekelo sokudla - izinhlanzi ezahlukahlukene, oshaka abancane, amahlengethwa. Ungadla enye i-shark-shark, uma iphansi ngosayizi. Njengeshark tiger, ingadla imfucuza kanye nodoti. Kukholakala ukuthi abamele le nhlobo bahlasela kakhulu abantu, kodwa-ke, kukholakala ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yazo kufanele isolwe ngoshaka omhlophe.
Incazelo
Umbala woshaka omfushane ongenamikhono uhluka ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala. Umzimba woshaka wenkabi ngumthunzi wensimbi onsundu, kwesinye isikhathi umbala onsundu okhanyayo kungenzeka. Ayinabala namabala, ingemnyama imnyama kunesisu.
Amehlo alo mmeleli wezwe elingaphansi kwamanzi ayindilinga, mancane ngosayizi, ane-iris emnyama futhi ifakwe ulwelwesi olukhazimulayo. Le nhlanzi yezinhlanzi inamabili ama-gill slits. I-dorsal fin iqinile, inxantathu ngesimo, amaphiko e-pectoral athuthukiswe kahle, imihlathi yenhlanzi yenkunzi ibhekwa njengesikhali sayo esiyinhloko, amazinyo aqinile futhi abukhali kakhulu, atholakala emhlathini ongenhla onobunxantathu obuncane, agobeke kancane eceleni. Umhlathi ophansi uhlotshiswe ngamazinyo abukhali anendawo yokugoba ngaphakathi, futhi amasha azokhula ngokushesha endaweni yeziguli noma amazinyo alahlekile.
Umeleli kuphela womndeni wakhe ongaba khona ngokuphelele emanzini amasha.
Imayelana nokuqukethwe usawoti osegazini kukashaka wenkabi. Kuzo zonke ezinye izingosi ezingezansi, ukugcotshwa kukasawoti osegazini kuhlangana nokuqunjelwa emanzini, nakushaka wezinkunzi, usawoti ungama-50% kuphela, ovumela ukukhuphula ukuphuma kwamanzi ngezimbotshana ze-gill, kanye nesodium ne-chlorine, okudingekayo emzimbeni woshaka, kuhlanjwa emzimbeni wommeleli wezinhlobo. izinhlanzi ziqongelela usawoti oludingekayo ku-rectal gland, isibindi, izinso kanye namachaphaza - lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze ibhalansi kasawoti wamanzi emzimbeni wommeleli walesi zinhlobo zezilwane ezizingela ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Emanzini amasha ikakhulukazi intsha. Izinhlanzi ezindala zithanda amanzi amasha ngesikhathi sokuzalela, ngoba emanzini amasha izinga lokusinda leza broop liphakeme kakhulu.
Ngabe udlani lomhlaseli?
Lesi sidalwa samanzi siyabonakala impela. Uma inhlanzi yezinkunzi izizwa ilambile, ibhubhisa konke okusendleleni yayo. Imvamisa udla lokhu :
- amahlengethwa
- izinhlanzi zamathambo
- i-carrion
- crustaceans
- imikhaza
- ekwazi ukuhlasela ezinye izihlobo,
okwazi ukuhlasela umuntu kalula . Ungomunye wabahlaseli abayingozi kakhulu abathathu.
Shark kanye nomkhakha
Kuze kube manje, ukubanjiswa kwezimboni zezimbangi ezingenamfusa kusunguliwe. Imvamisa ziqothulwa nje ukuze kuncishiswe inani futhi longe, ngokwesibonelo, izivakashi ekuhlaselweni kwe-cannibals.
Futhi kudliwa nenyama yoshaka. Izitsha ezenziwe ngenhlanzi eyinkunzi zibhekwa njengezingajwayelekile; izindawo eziningi zokudla zidonsela izivakashi ngendlela efanayo.
Kulezi zinsuku, amaphiko kashaka abhekwa njengabaluleke kakhulu. Kusetshenziswe kahle ekuphekeni nasekwelapheni kwendabuko. Imvamisa, njengenkathi ephilayo enamaphini asikiwe idedelwa ibuyele emanzini, inkunzi ifa yindlala yomoya-mpilo ngaphansi kwedamu, ngoba ngaphandle kwamaphiko iyehluleka ukuhamba ngokuphelele.
Isikhumba soshaka saziwa ngokuqina kwaso. Abantu bayibiza ngokuthi isikhumba se-shagreen. Izingcweti zasendulo zazisebenzisa isikhumba se-shagreen ekwenzeni nokwenza umhlobiso wezinto zasendlini: amakhabethe, amacala. Namuhla, isikhumba soshaka sisetshenziswa embonini yezicathulo. Izicathu ze-Shagreen zibhekwa njengenye yezokuqina kakhulu.
Isibindi soshaka sisetshenziswa kabanzi ekwenzeni imithi. Amafutha wesibindi kashaka afanana ne-cod isibindi uwoyela, ugcwele amavithamini eqembu A. Kukholakala ukuthi uwoyela wesibindi oshisayo unempahla yokupholisa inxeba, futhi uma ungenwe ungasindisa umuntu ekukhohleni, esifubeni kanye nakumdlavuza wesisu.
Oshaka Bull has immune immune eyingqayizivele. Ososayensi ngesikhathi sokufunda bathola ukuthi asikho isifo esisodwa emzimbeni woshaka esiqhamukile kulaba bantu abahlaselayo bavivinya ngenkuthalo ikhambi lengculaza .
Umuthi obizwa nge-squalene ukhishwa emafutheni oshaka. Ngokuvamile i-squalene itholakala emafutheni akhishwa esibindini soshaka. Kusetshenziswa kabanzi ku-cosmetology, njengesengezo semvelo. Imikhiqizo equkethe i-squalene inephunga elimnandi, igcinwa isikhathi eside futhi ingalahlekelwa yizindawo zayo zokupholisa.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha kashark shark ekwakhiweni imajarini , engezwe kuma-sol sol for upende wamafutha, owesikhumba.
Ushaka wenkomo ubizwa nangokuthi ushaka omfushane. Ungowomndeni wompunga we-grey. Izihlobo eziseduze kakhulu yi-tiger shark ne-blue shark. Ungahlangana nale nhlanzi eyingozi emhlabeni wonke.
Habitat - amanzi afudumele angajulile. Ushaka ungena emifuleni ejulile, njengaseGanges, Mississippi, Amazon, Zambezi, bese ukhuphuka umfula. Kutholakala nemifula emincane. Ingaphila kumachibi angena olwandle.
I-Bull shark, noma i-blark shark (i-Carcharhinus leucas) - uhlobo loshaka abavela emndenini weKarhariformes (Carcharhiniformes).
& nbsp & nbsp Imininingwane eyisisekelo:
IZIMBALI
Ubude: kufika ku-3,5 m.
Isisindo: kuze kufike ku-50 kg.
Ukusikisela
Ukuthomba: izuzwe ngobude bamamitha ayi-1.5-2,5.
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa: Izinyanga eziyi-10-11
Inani lamawundlu: kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-13 gazinga.
LIFESTYLE
Imisebenzi: Abesilisa bayizilwane ezizungeza umhlaba, ezinolaka zibhekise kunoma yiziphi izimbangi ezingaba khona, kwesinye isikhathi nabantu abangazicabanga.
Ukudla: Bonke oshaka baleli qembu bayamangaza kanti kanye nezinyamazane eziphila bukhoma (izinhlanzi zasogwini kanye nemfishi) zidla noma imiphi imfucuza.
Iskhathi sempilo: akukho datha.
IZINDLELA
Shark trident shark.
& nbsp & nbsp Lezi oshaka, abafinyelela 3.6 m ubude, bahlala ezifundeni ezisogwini esifundeni esishisayo. Ushaka omfushane nezihlobo zawo ngokungangabazeki kuyingozi kubantu.
UNYAZI LOKHO.
- Amazinga abo we-testosterone aphakeme kunanoma iyiphi enye i-vertebral, echaza ngokwengxenye ulaka.
- Le nhlobo ingagcinwa ezindaweni ezikhethekile eziyindilinga noma ezinxantathu, umthamo wawo ongama-3000 amalitha.
- Kuyinto yokudoba, kudliwa inyama. Ushaka wenkunzi ushaka onolaka owaziwa ngokuhlaselwa kwawo ngabantu.
IZIPHUMA ZESIFUNDO SE-Shark-Bull
- Ububanzi boshaka benkomo
IZICWANGCISO ZOKUTHOLAKALA
Lezi oshaka kukhona ubiquitous futhi zivame ukungena imifula. Kwesinye isikhathi bagibela amakhilomitha amaningi benyuka. Zingena ikakhulu eGanges, Zambezi kanye neminye imifula eminingi yase-Asia, e-Afrika, eMelika nase-Australia (ngokwesibonelo, umfula iClarence), zabonwa e-Amazon (eduzane nedolobha lase-Iquitos, 4000 km ukusuka emlonyeni!), Emfuleni iMississippi (kuya eSt. ILouis noMfula i-Illinois), eLake Michigan. Uhlala unomphela eLake Nicaragua.
ISIVIVINYO
Le nhlobo ingagcinwa ezindaweni ezikhethekile eziyindilinga noma ezinxantathu, umthamo wawo ongama-3000 amalitha. Ama-Aquariums kufanele ahlinzekwe ngokuhlunga okunamandla kanye nokuvuselelwa kwamanzi.
Enye yezilwane eziyingozi kakhulu engcupheni yolwandle u-shark omfushane. Yondla cishe ngakho konke okunyakazayo, futhi abaningi balaba bameleli babeka ingozi yangempela kubantu. Ngokwesilinganiso sokuhlaselwa kwabantu, bangabesibili kuphela koshaka omkhulu omhlophe. Ushaka ompunga we-grey, imikhuba yawo, indawo yokuhlala kanye nencazelo yokubukeka kuyisihloko sendatshana yethu.
Ukubonakala koshaka osabekayo
Labashaka kwesinye isikhathi bafinyelela izilinganiso ezinkulu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izinsikazi zalolu hlobo zinkulu kakhulu kunabesilisa. Ngokwesilinganiso, zikhula ziye kumamitha ama-3, futhi isisindo sazo singaphezu kwamakhilogremu ayikhulu namashumi amahlanu. Abesilisa banobude bomzimba obucishe babe ngu-2,5 m, isisindo sabo singama-95 kg. Ososayensi babhalise abantu balezi zinhlobo, ubude obungamamitha amane, nesisindo esiphezulu, ngokusho kweminye imibiko engaqinisekisiwe, kwakungamakhilogremu angama-400.
Ngabe ubukeka kanjani ushaka we-goofy? Unothile kunalokho, ngenxa yalokhu ubizwa ngokuthi inkunzi. I-Snout blunt, eyindilinga futhi emfushane. Umhlane womhlaseli ungwevu, okuyisifihlo esihle kakhulu, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthi uqaphele ingozi ekujuleni kolwandle kuze kube umzuzu wokugcina. Isisu simhlophe, kepha njengoba oshaka benomkhuba wokuhlasela kusuka ngezansi, ngeke bakwazi ukuthola ukuthi bukhona yini emanzini kusukela esiswini. Imihlathi yalesi silwane esinezilwane ezinamandla kakhulu, uma uyiqhathanisa nezinye izinhlobo zikashaka. Amandla wokucindezelwa kwabo angafinyelela ku-6,000 N. Imiphetho yamazinyo angenhla kanxantathu ayamiswa, kanti angaphansi ambozwe ngamazinyo amancane.
Ushaka wenkomo ngemuva unama-fins amabili - eyokuqala inkulu kakhulu kuneyesibili, akukho-crest phakathi kwabo. I-caudal fin yinde, okuyisici esivelele sabantu balolu hlobo.
Indlela Yokuzingela Nokudla
Ushaka wenkunzi ukhetha ukuzingela yedwa. Ngokudla, ukhetha amanzi acwebile ukwandisa amathuba okubamba isisulu. Ushaka omfishane ubhukuda entweni ekhethiwe, uyisunduza kanzima uyaluma. Ukulunywa kuwela isisulu aze aphelelwe amandla okubaleka. By the way, lesi sidlakela siyivila futhi sibhukuda kancane futhi ngokulinganisa.
Oshaka benkomo badla ngokwehlukana - ukudla kwabo akubandakanyi izinhlanzi ezinjengama-bony kuphela, oshaka abancane, kanye nabamele izinhlobo zawo, kepha nama-crustaceans, izimfudu zasolwandle, kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba ezitholakala endaweni yokuzingela. Ushaka ngeke wenqabele ukudla okulungiselelwe, okungukuthi, osekuvele kufile, kushiywe omunye umhlaseli, noma kulahlwe emkhunjini.
Futhi ukuze azisindise ku-congener efuna ukuyidla, ushaka omfushane ubhula okuqukethwe esiswini sakhe ukuze aphazamise umhlaseli, futhi azame ukufihla ukuthi angakuboni ngokushesha okukhulu.
Ukuqina Kwamanzi Amnandi
Amandla woshaka wenkomo wokuphila ngokukhululeka emanzini amnandi kunqunywa iqiniso lokuthi igazi lawo liqukethe usawoti ocishe abe njengalokha emanzini olwandle. Oshaka, abachitha iningi lezimpilo zabo bekude nolwandle, bane-urea encane egazini labo kunabalingani babo namanzi kasawoti. I-Chlorine evela emzimbeni woshaka onjalo ihlanzwa ngamanzi amasha ngokusebenzisa i-gill.
Kunezimo eziningana lapho oshaka ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yizikhukhula emigwaqweni yedolobha egcwele amanzi. Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni engamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye, ngemuva kwesinye sezikhukhula, oshaka abaningana basala benqatshiwe emhlabeni wabo, futhi bavikelwa echibini yigalofu yegalufu. Bahlala lapho kuze kube ngu-2011, manje yonke imiqhudelwano minyaka yonke ibanjelwa inhlonipho yabo.
Ngemuva kwesiphithiphithi seSiphepho uKatrina, abantu abaningi babonwa eLake Ponchartrain, kwathi ngo-2014 omunye wabazingeli bahlasela umfana. Ngokuvamile, emanzini amnandi lezi zidalwa eziyingozi azizwa zimbi kunasemanzini kasawoti olwandle.
Ingozi ebantwini
Kwakuwushaka onekhanda elimfushane owaphefumulela uPeter Benchley ukuthi adale i- "Jaws" - izindaba ezaziwa kakhulu ngoshaka ohlasela umuntu. Izenzakalo ezaba nomthelela ekuvumelaniseni nezinto ezisabisayo zenzeka ngo-1916, lapho abantu abaningi behlaselwa ngokuhlasela koshaka eNew Jersey. Akungabazeki ukuthi bamane nje bangabasakazi ababeneqhaza elimnyama, ngoba wonke amacala avela emanzini amasha, lapho izihlobo zabo ezimhlophe, amahlosi noma amade, ayingozi kubantu, angabhukuki. Futhi ngo-2009, oshaka bezinkomo bazingela abantu ogwini lwaseSydney, bahlwanyela ukwethuka kwangempela lapho.
Ukuze ugweme ukuhlangana nalesi silwane esingahlaseli, musa ukubhukuda ujule futhi ubhukude wedwa. Alikho icala elilodwa lapho labasakazi behlasela amaqembu abantu, bakhetha isisulu esisodwa. Bazingela nasekuseni - ekushoneni kwelanga noma ekuntweleni kwabo, ngakho-ke ekubhukuleni, khetha amanzi acacile ngesikhathi sosuku.
Lesi sidlamlilo esiyingozi ngempela, futhi ukuze ungabi isisulu saso, landela imithetho yezokuphepha lapho ubhukuda endaweni lapho, ngokolwazi, uhlala khona oshaka.
I-Bull shark, i-bull shark, i-blunt shark, i-pelvis-ekhanda - i-Carcharhinus leucas
Ushaka ompunga ungummeleli oyingqayizivele womndeni wakhe, onecala elingaphezu kwengxenye yamacala okufa kwabantu okwenzeka ngenxa yokuhlaselwa oshaka abaphambili. Lesi yizinhlobo ezinolaka ngokungajwayelekile, abameleli bazo abanamandla onke, banamazinyo anamandla afanayo ngesimo njengamazinyo woshaka bensolo, futhi bahlala ezindaweni ezisogwini eziseduzane nezindawo ezinabantu abaningi. Ngenxa yakho konke okungenhla, ushaka ompunga ungomunye wabashokobezi abathathu abayingozi kakhulu oshaka.
Izibalo ezisemthethweni azivezi amaqiniso angempela - inani lokuhlaselwa lidlula kakhulu eliboniswe kumadokhumenti.Lokhu kungenxa yokuba khona koshaka eduzane nasosebeni lamazwe omhlaba wesithathu, i-India, i-Africa, kanye nezinye izindawo lapho ukuhlaselwa koshaka kunganikezeli esidlangalaleni futhi, ngenxa yalokho, akubhalisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, oshaka balolu hlobo kunobunzima kakhulu ukukhomba ukwedlula, ngokwesibonelo, amahlosi noma amhlophe, ngakho-ke ukuhlaselwa kwabo kungaqoshwa njengokuhlaselwa “koshaka bezinhlobo ezingaziwa”.
Ushaka wenkomo naye uzizwa emuhle emanzini amasha, okuthi wandisa ingozi yawo kubantu. Ukusebenza ezimeni ezinjalo kungenzeka ngenxa yekhono loshaka lokulawula ukugeleza komzimba wayo - kubuhlungu ukuvumelana nokuzitika ngosizo lwe-gill kanye ne-gct rectal. I-Bull shark itholakala emifuleni yaseNingizimu neNyakatho Melika, i-Australia, i-USA, i-Iran, i-India kanye namanye amazwe amaningi. Kukhona futhi nezimo ezirekhodiwe zokuhlala kwaso emachibini anamanzi acwebile, emadolobheni amakhulu ase-Illinois, eNew Jersey, enkabeni yeNew York ngisho ne-4000 km enyakatho noMfula i-Amazon, kanye nolunye lwezinhlobo zikashaka - i-Archarhinus nicaraguensis, iGill & Bransford - umhlali waphakade weLake Nicaragua.
Endleleni, iNicaragua iyichibi elikhulu kunawo wonke eMelika Ephakathi, elixhumeke kuLwandle lweCaribbean nguMfula iSan Juan, obude bawo bungama-200 km. Oshaka abahlala kulo bahlukile ngokuphelele - lokhu ukuphela kwezinhlobo ezikwazi ukuhlala isikhathi eside emanzini amasha. Iningi lososayensi nokho likholelwa ukuthi oshaka baseNicaraguan bayizinhlobo ze-bovine ezimpunga futhi abazona izinhlobo ezihlukile. Izakhamizi zaseNicaragua zifinyelela usayizi omkhulu - ubude besilinganiso se-torso yabo bungamamitha ayi-2,5,3,5.
Imikhondo yoshaka benkomo nezinhlobonhlobo zayo
Kaningi, kutholakala ishaka eliyimpunga kuPanama Canal, elinamanzi akha inhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi yamanzi amachibi amaningi anamanzi olwandle ezimbili. Kuhlala kunamacala okuvela kwawo eLake Isabel laseGuatemala naseMfuleni i-Atchafalaya, etholakala ngamakhilomitha angama-250 ukusuka olwandle eLouisiana. Ngokusho kofakazi bokuzibonela, wayebuye abonakale emiseleni ese-Florida nasenkabeni naseningizimu, kodwa amacala anjalo awakaze afakazelwe noma abhalwe phansi ngochwepheshe.
Kepha emazweni ase-Indochina, kufaka neNingizimu neChina kanye neNdiya, ushaka wezinkunzi uhlonishwa kakhulu. Lapha, emlonyeni womfula iGanges, izinhlobo zazo ziphila, ezidla ebuntwini njalo: ngokwesiko lendawo, izidumbu zabantu abaphansi bezophonswa emanzini eGanges, ezithathwa njengezingcwele, lapho izidli ezinogazi zidla khona.
I-Australia ivame ukutholakala emibikweni yokuhlaselwa koshaka. Oshaka abaxakile nabamnyama kakhulu ngezikhathi ezithile bahlasela abhlukahlukene, futhi babhukude bajule ezweni elingaphesheya komlomo womfula. Futhi hhayi kudala, eQueensland, idolobha lase-Australia, ukuhlaselwa koshaka emncintiswaneni womjaho kwaqoshwa: oshaka balolu hlobo ngeke babhekane nabantu kuphela, kodwa futhi nezilwane ezinkulu ezincelisayo, ngenxa yejubane labo, amandla nendlela esetshenziswa njalo, ebizwa kanjalo ngekhanda nokulimala okwalandela.
Oshaka bull bavame ukuba ngamaqhawekazi ezinsumansumane zakudala, kanti kwezinye izindawo zaseNingizimu Afrika ngokuvamile zingcwele.
Ngokusho kososayensi, ushaka wesilisa uyisidalwa esinolaka kunazo zonke emhlabeni wethu. Umzimba wakhe ukhiqiza inani elikhulu le-testosterone - i-hormone yabesilisa ebhekene nokwakhiwa kwalesi sici sokuziphatha. Lo mbono uhlala uqiniswa wumkhuba: ukugqashuka okungazelele kokufutheka ukuthi oshaka bephansi kubabangele ukuba baphuthume kunoma iyiphi into enyakazayo, kwesinye isikhathi okuvela ukuthi isikulufa semoto yesikebhe ukuze ihlolwe.
Ukuma kwesihluthu salolu hlangothi kuqobekile futhi kufiphele, amazinyo abukhali, ahlanganiswe kancane emaphethelweni. Izinkomo zalolu hlobo loshaka zizalwa zinamazinyo, kuthi uma kwenzeka kulahleka enye yazo, indawo yasemuva imane iza ngaphambili, ithathe indawo yayo. Umugqa wasemuva kuphela wamazinyo okhula njalo, uhlinzeka ushaka ngezikhali ezengeziwe.
Abamele le nhlobo banamandla ngokungajwayelekile futhi bashesha, okwenza kungacishe kwenzeke ukubaleka kubo uma kwenzeka behlaselwa - bahlukumeza owokugcina, noma ngabe kungqubuzana nabaphindisayo ababuhlungu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kwabo, njengomthetho, akulindelekile ngokuphelele - bobabili bangakwazi ukuhlasela umuntu obhukuda, bese bemzungeza isikhathi eside ngokubuka okungekho. Ukuhlasela kungaba ukuhlasela okungathi sína noma ukuluma ukuphenya okuthile. Ukuhlasela akunakugwenywa uma umuntu angaziwa enqamula imingcele yezimpahla zikashaka: ngomona uqapha isikhala sakhe futhi ahlasele noma ngubani omngena.
Ukuhlaselwa kukaShark akukwazi ukukhishwa ngokuphelele lapho umuntu esemanzini ngokuqondile, kodwa kunemithetho eminingana engasiza ukunciphisa ingozi yengozi.
Okokuqala, amanzi anodaka, atholakala eduze nokuhlangana kwemifula olwandle, kufanele agwenywe. Ezimweni zokungabonakali kahle, oshaka inkunzi bahlasela noma yiziphi izinto ezinkulu kakhulu. Kuyasiza ukulinda ukubhukuda ngemuva kwezimvula ezinamandla: imifudlana yamanzi ingayigeza i-organic yolwandle, ekhangayo kakhulu oshaka. Kuqoshiwe amacala okuhlaselwa kwabasakazi bezinkunzi abahamba ngaphesheya komfula, kulesi simo ukunakekelwa ngokweqile kufanele kuthathwe.
Ungakhohliswa ukukhohlisa koshaka obude obungamamitha amane - liyakwazi ukuhlasela ihlasela eliyisixakaxaka noma isilwane esivele sisondele emanzini. Ekufuneni inyamazane, ushaka ungakhula ngejubane elimangalisayo, ngaphezu kwalokho, inenkani kakhulu futhi iqinile.
Ngakho-ke, abamele i-grey bull shark ingatholakali kuphela emanzini awo wonke olwandle, kodwa nasemanzini amaningi ahlanzekile.
Yiziphi izici zomhlaseli oyingqayizivele?
Yinhlanzi enkulu impela enomzimba omkhulu obunjwe njengotshani. Ukushiswa kukashaka kushubile, ikhanda likhulu ngokwanele, amehlo afakwe ijwabu leso. Ubukhulu be-faini yangaphambili bukhulu kakhulu kunasemuva. Kukhona ukusikwa okuncane ku-lobe ephezulu engenhla ye-caudal fin. Amazinyo aphansi mncane kunawaphezulu, onke anesimo esingunxantathu futhi emaphethelweni we-serared. Kwamanye amalungu omndeni, ushaka wezinkunzi uhlukaniswa ngesimo sekhanda nesiphuzo esimfushane, ngenxa yokuthi ushaka wabizwa ngokuthi "isicubu". Ubude besifazane, njengomthetho, ngamamitha ayi-4,5, abesilisa abaphansi kancane - ubude babo buvame ukuba yi-2,5 m. Oshaka onesisindo esingu-316,5 kg uthathwa njengomgcini wamarekhodi ngokuya ngesisindo phakathi koshaka asebebanjiwe kakade.
Ngemuva koshaka kungwevu; umbala ubusheleleka ukukhanya kukhanye engxenyeni yesisu somzimba. Akukho amabala noma amaphethini emzimbeni - umbala unobuhlakani kunalokho. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kukhanya kuthinta imibala - emanzini angajulile ushaka ucishe ungabonakali, futhi emanzini anodaka ayingozi ikakhulukazi.
Njenganoma yiphi enye, inkunzi eshisayo izalaniswa ngokuzalwa bukhoma. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, insikazi iphenduka ibe uhlobo lokufaka incubator: ithwala wonke amaqanda ngokwayo. Ukuzalwa kwengane, njengomthetho, kwenzeka ngesikhathi sasehlobo - kusukela ngoMeyi kuze kube ngu-Agasti, ngenxa yalokho kuzalwa oshaka ababalelwa ku-12, abaphumela ngokushesha lapho bezoshiyelwa imishini yabo. Abantu abasha bafika ekuvuthweni ngeminyaka engu-3-4, ngaphambi kwalokho bavame ukusebenza emanzini angajulile, bacashe ezitheni futhi bafuna inyamazane elula yokudla. Isikhathi sokuphila esiphakathi kweminyaka engama-27- 28.
EsiNgisini, igama loshaka uzwakala njengo- "bullshark", elihumusha ngokwezwi elithi "inkunzi shark." I-Spanish version ibukeka njenge- "tiburon cabeza de batea", engahunyushwa ngokuthi "ushaka nekhanda lakhe, njengesigaxa." Ngokuqondene nolimi lwaseRussia, lapha inketho esetshenziswa kakhulu igama elithi "blunt" noma "grey bull shark." Ushaka uthole igama lakhe elingajwayelekile ngenxa yesimo salo esingacabangi futhi esinokuthula, kanye nekhono laso lokuphila emanzini amasha: abelusi baxotshela izinkabi endaweni enamanzi, futhi lapho nje isilwane sizulazula emanzini, oshaka bayihlasela bayihudula njengephango.
Umbono wokuqala koshaka wenkohliso uyinkohliso impela - ubonakala uhamba kancane, uvilapha futhi egobekile, kepha ekuphokopheleni ukuphanga kuthatha isivinini esikhulu kanye nokungaqondakali okungavamile. Kwesinye isikhathi it, njenge shark tiger, ibizwa ngokuthi "isifufula samanzi olwandle." Njengomthetho, uhamba kancane futhi ngobuvila azungeze indawo yakhe efuna izinto ezinyakazayo ezingaba yisisulu sakhe. Lapho nje kukhethwe inhloso, ukuyifeza, ushaka unamandla nesivinini, ongaba nomona ngempela.
Ushaka ompunga we-grey ujabulela idumela lomxhaphazi ongajwayelekile osebenzayo - unokukhuthazela okukhulu, kanye nomngcele wobuhlungu obuphansi. Kunezimo lapho oshaka balolu hlobo lwenhlobo esele babanjwa futhi begezwa ogwini badla okwabo - banokuthanda okukhulu kakhulu kokuphila, okucaciswa ngokusobala ngokuziphatha kwanoma imuphi umuntu walolo hlobo.
Oshaka abadala ngokuvamile bavame ukukhethwa ngokweqile ekukhetheni kokudla - bayamangaza futhi bangazondla ngezinhlanzi eziphilayo kanye namkhaza, kanye nanganoma yikuphi udoti. Bangakwazi nokudla i-carrion, futhi, yini iqiniso elibi kakhulu ngabo, yebo inyama yomuntu. Kodwa-ke, ukudla okujwayelekile koshaka kwalolu hlobo kufaka ama-invertebrates amakhulu namancane, izinhlanzi ezincane ezinama-cartilaginous, inhlanzi yamathambo namahlengethwa asayizi ahlukahlukene.
Izisulu ezivame kakhulu ezenziwa oshaka bezinkabi phakathi kwabantu zibhukuda zodwa, ukubhukuda, njengomthetho, ekuseni noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kusihlwa. Ubunzulu bokuhlaselwa buvame bancane - kuphela ngu-0.5-1 m.
Ukuhlaselwa okuphakeme kakhulu koshaka kubantu kubhekwa njengecala elenzeka esifundazweni sase-US eNew Jersey, esiseduzane naseNew York, ngo-1916. Kwathi kungakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa, kwafa abantu abane, kwathi oyedwa walimala kanzima. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, umsolwa osolwa ngalenhlekelele wabanjwa esebenzisa inetha. Isithandwa esinegazi esintwini safakwa obala. Akutholanga ngitsho ukuthi kube ngumuntu okhulileyo, kepha kube yingalo yoshaka omkhulu omhlophe kuphela, ubude bawo bufinyelele kumamitha ayi-2. Kodwa-ke, akunaso isiqiniseko sokuthi ushaka ofanayo wabanjwa futhi wachithwa, futhi ochwepheshe abaningi bathambekele ngisho ekuthini ukuthi ngumshaka wezinkunzi ompunga kuphela ongahlasela. Iqiniso elisebenzela lesi sitatimende ngamanzi omfula lapho kwakubhalwe khona ukuhlaselwa - kwakusha.
Usizi olwesabekayo lwasungula isisekelo sefilimu elidumile elithi "Jaws" - eyokuqala ngohlobo lwayo, olwalugxiliwe eduze nobungozi bokubulala oshaka. Kodwa-ke, i-heroine eyinhloko yale filimu yayiseyimpisi enkulu emhlophe, hhayi eyegrey.
Njenganoma yimuphi ushaka, inkunzi emnyama yenzeka phezulu kephiramidi lokudla futhi ayinazitha ezinkulu ezingalimaza kakhulu. Ukuphela kokuphela kukhona imikhomo yokubulala nabafowethu edlula umuntu othile ngosayizi. Usongo olukhulu kakhulu kulolu hlobo loshaka ngumuntu nomsebenzi wakhe, futhi hhayi ukuthi kuphela okuhambisana nokubhujiswa kwezinhlanzi zokudla (izinkungu nenyama yazo kubhekwa njengokudla okumnandi) - kwesinye isikhathi oshaka babulawa kanjalo nje, ngenxa yengozi engaba khona yabantu. Ezindaweni ezisetshenziswa ngabantu ngenkuthalo ukwenza imisebenzi emanzini noma osebeni lwamachibi, oshaka bahlala bebanjwa futhi babulawe, kepha ungakhohlwa ngokubaluleka kwengxenye ngayinye yezimbali nezilwane ekusebenzeni kweplanethi - ukubhujiswa okungalawulwa kwanoma yiziphi izinhlobo, noma eziyingozi kangako, kuzoholela ekuthini imiphumela emibi. Umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu ukuthola izindlela zokuhlalisana ngokuthula phakathi kwabantu noshaka, obekuzoba ngokuphephile ngangokunokwenzeka kuzo zombili izinhlobo zezilwane, kunokuba kumenyezelwe ukuthi izitha zabashaka besintu, zichitha inani labantu bakhona yonke indawo, ukubuyiselwa kwayo okuncane kakhulu, kuhamba kancane.
Izitha
Ngaphakathi olwandle, izitha zikashaka omfushane kukhona abafowabo - oshaka abamhlophe nababambile. Amalungu amakhulu omndeni asele ahlala endaweni ehlukile. Isitha esiyingozi umuntu oye wazingela le nhlanzi iminyaka engamakhulu amaningi futhi wayibhubhisa. Izingozi ezinkulu kakhulu zilindele i-fry: zidliwa izinhlanzi ezinkulu kunabo, izinyoni, izingwenya. Ikhula futhi iguquka ibe ngumuntu ovuthiwe, owesilisa uqala ukubeka engcupheni izakhamizi zamanzi asogwini.
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Ividiyo emayelana nesidlakudla esiyingozi kakhulu esihlala emanzini ePacific, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
I-Bull shark, i-bull shark, i-blunt shark, i-pelvis-ekhanda - i-Carcharhinus leucas
Ushaka ompunga ungummeleli oyingqayizivele womndeni wakhe, onecala elingaphezu kwengxenye yamacala okufa kwabantu okwenzeka ngenxa yokuhlaselwa oshaka abaphambili. Lesi yizinhlobo ezinolaka ngokungajwayelekile, abameleli bazo abanamandla onke, banamazinyo anamandla afanayo ngesimo njengamazinyo woshaka bensolo, futhi bahlala ezindaweni ezisogwini eziseduzane nezindawo ezinabantu abaningi. Ngenxa yakho konke okungenhla, ushaka ompunga ungomunye wabashokobezi abathathu abayingozi kakhulu oshaka.
Izibalo ezisemthethweni azivezi amaqiniso angempela - inani lokuhlaselwa lidlula kakhulu eliboniswe kumadokhumenti. Lokhu kungenxa yokuba khona koshaka eduzane nasosebeni lamazwe omhlaba wesithathu, i-India, i-Africa, kanye nezinye izindawo lapho ukuhlaselwa koshaka kunganikezeli esidlangalaleni futhi, ngenxa yalokho, akubhalisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, oshaka balolu hlobo kunobunzima kakhulu ukukhomba ukwedlula, ngokwesibonelo, amahlosi noma amhlophe, ngakho-ke ukuhlaselwa kwabo kungaqoshwa njengokuhlasela “koshaka bezinhlobo ezingaziwa”.
Ushaka wenkomo naye uzizwa emuhle emanzini amasha, okuthi wandisa ingozi yawo kubantu. Ukusebenza ezimeni ezinjalo kungenzeka ngenxa yekhono loshaka lokulawula ukugeleza komzimba wayo - kubuhlungu ukuvumelana nokuzitika ngosizo lwama-gill kanye ne-gct rectal. I-Bull shark itholakala emifuleni yaseNingizimu neNyakatho Melika, i-Australia, i-USA, i-Iran, i-India kanye namanye amazwe amaningi. Kukhona futhi nezimo ezirekhodiwe zokuhlala kwaso emachibini anamanzi acwebile, emadolobheni amakhulu ase-Illinois, eNew Jersey, enkabeni yeNew York ngisho ne-4000 km enyakatho noMfula i-Amazon, nolunye lwezinhlobo zikashaka - i-Archarhinus nicaraguensis, iGill & Bransford - umhlali waphakade weLake Nicaragua.
Endleleni, iNicaragua iyichibi elikhulu kunawo wonke eMelika Ephakathi, elixhumeke kuLwandle lweCaribbean nguMfula iSan Juan, obude bawo bungama-200 km. Oshaka abahlala kulo bahlukile ngokuphelele - lokhu ukuphela kwezinhlobo ezikwazi ukuhlala isikhathi eside emanzini amasha. Iningi lososayensi nokho likholelwa ukuthi oshaka baseNicaraguan bayizinhlobo ze-bovine ezimpunga futhi abazona izinhlobo ezihlukile. Izakhamizi zaseNicaragua zifinyelela usayizi omkhulu - ubude besilinganiso se-torso yabo bungamamitha ayi-2,5,3,5.
Imikhondo yoshaka benkomo nezinhlobonhlobo zayo
Kaningi, kutholakala ishaka eliyimpunga kuPanama Canal, elinamanzi akha inhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi yamanzi amachibi amaningi anamanzi olwandle ezimbili. Kuhlala kunamacala okuvela kwawo eLake Isabel laseGuatemala naseMfuleni i-Atchafalaya, etholakala ngamakhilomitha angama-250 ukusuka olwandle eLouisiana. Ngokusho kofakazi bokuzibonela, wayebuye abonakale emiseleni ese-Florida nasenkabeni naseningizimu, kodwa amacala anjalo awakaze afakazelwe noma abhalwe phansi ngochwepheshe.
Kepha emazweni ase-Indochina, kufaka neNingizimu neChina kanye neNdiya, ushaka wezinkunzi uhlonishwa kakhulu. Lapha, emlonyeni womfula iGanges, izinhlobo zazo ziphila, ezidla ebuntwini njalo: ngokwesiko lendawo, izidumbu zabantu abaphansi bezophonswa emanzini eGanges, ezithathwa njengezingcwele, lapho izidli ezinogazi zidla khona.
I-Australia ivame ukutholakala emibikweni yokuhlaselwa koshaka.Oshaka abaxakile nabamnyama kakhulu ngezikhathi ezithile bahlasela abhlukahlukene, futhi babhukude bajule ezweni elingaphesheya komlomo womfula. Futhi hhayi kudala, eQueensland, idolobha lase-Australia, ukuhlaselwa koshaka emncintiswaneni womjaho kwaqoshwa: oshaka balolu hlobo ngeke babhekane nabantu kuphela, kodwa futhi nezilwane ezinkulu ezincelisayo, ngenxa yejubane labo, amandla nendlela esetshenziswa njalo, ebizwa kanjalo ngekhanda nokulimala okwalandela.
Oshaka bull bavame ukuba ngamaqhawekazi ezinsumansumane zakudala, kanti kwezinye izindawo zaseNingizimu Afrika ngokuvamile zingcwele.
Ngokusho kososayensi, ushaka wesilisa uyisidalwa esinolaka kunazo zonke emhlabeni wethu. Umzimba wakhe ukhiqiza inani elikhulu le-testosterone - i-hormone yabesilisa ebhekene nokwakhiwa kwalesi sici sokuziphatha. Lo mbono uhlala uqiniswa wumkhuba: ukugqashuka okungazelele kokufutheka ukuthi oshaka bephansi kubabangele ukuba baphuthume kunoma iyiphi into enyakazayo, kwesinye isikhathi okuvela ukuthi isikulufa semoto yesikebhe ukuze ihlolwe.
Ukuma kwesihluthu salolu hlangothi kuqobekile futhi kufiphele, amazinyo abukhali, ahlanganiswe kancane emaphethelweni. Izinkomo zalolu hlobo loshaka zizalwa zinamazinyo, kuthi uma kwenzeka kulahleka enye yazo, indawo yasemuva imane iza ngaphambili, ithathe indawo yayo. Umugqa wasemuva kuphela wamazinyo okhula njalo, uhlinzeka ushaka ngezikhali ezengeziwe.
Abamele le nhlobo banamandla ngokungajwayelekile futhi bashesha, okwenza kungacishe kwenzeke ukubaleka kubo uma kwenzeka behlaselwa - bahlukumeza owokugcina, noma ngabe kungqubuzana nabaphindisayo ababuhlungu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kwabo, njengomthetho, akulindelekile ngokuphelele - bobabili bangakwazi ukuhlasela umuntu obhukuda, bese bemzungeza isikhathi eside ngokubuka okungekho. Ukuhlasela kungaba ukuhlasela okungathi sína noma ukuluma ukuphenya okuthile. Ukuhlasela akunakugwenywa uma umuntu angaziwa enqamula imingcele yezimpahla zikashaka: ngomona uqapha isikhala sakhe futhi ahlasele noma ngubani omngena.
Ukuhlaselwa kukaShark akukwazi ukukhishwa ngokuphelele lapho umuntu esemanzini ngokuqondile, kodwa kunemithetho eminingana engasiza ukunciphisa ingozi yengozi.
Okokuqala, amanzi anodaka, atholakala eduze nokuhlangana kwemifula olwandle, kufanele agwenywe. Ezimweni zokungabonakali kahle, oshaka inkunzi bahlasela noma yiziphi izinto ezinkulu kakhulu. Kuyasiza ukulinda ukubhukuda ngemuva kwezimvula ezinamandla: imifudlana yamanzi ingayigeza i-organic yolwandle, ekhangayo kakhulu oshaka. Kuqoshiwe amacala okuhlaselwa kwabasakazi bezinkunzi abahamba ngaphesheya komfula, kulesi simo ukunakekelwa ngokweqile kufanele kuthathwe.
Ungakhohliswa ukukhohlisa koshaka obude obungamamitha amane - liyakwazi ukuhlasela ihlasela eliyisixakaxaka noma isilwane esivele sisondele emanzini. Ekufuneni inyamazane, ushaka ungakhula ngejubane elimangalisayo, ngaphezu kwalokho, inenkani kakhulu futhi iqinile.
Ngakho-ke, abamele i-grey bull shark ingatholakali kuphela emanzini awo wonke olwandle, kodwa nasemanzini amaningi ahlanzekile.
Yiziphi izici zomhlaseli oyingqayizivele?
Yinhlanzi enkulu impela enomzimba omkhulu obunjwe njengotshani. Ukushiswa kukashaka kushubile, ikhanda likhulu ngokwanele, amehlo afakwe ijwabu leso. Ubukhulu be-faini yangaphambili bukhulu kakhulu kunasemuva. Kukhona ukusikwa okuncane ku-lobe ephezulu engenhla ye-caudal fin. Amazinyo aphansi mncane kunawaphezulu, onke anesimo esingunxantathu futhi emaphethelweni we-serared. Kwamanye amalungu omndeni, ushaka wezinkunzi uhlukaniswa ngesimo sekhanda nesiphuzo esimfushane, ngenxa yokuthi ushaka wabizwa ngokuthi "isicubu". Ubude besifazane, njengomthetho, ngamamitha ayi-4,5, abesilisa abaphansi kancane - ubude babo buvame ukuba yi-2,5 m. Oshaka onesisindo esingu-316,5 kg uthathwa njengomgcini wamarekhodi ngokuya ngesisindo phakathi koshaka asebebanjiwe kakade.
Ngemuva koshaka kungwevu; umbala ubusheleleka ukukhanya kukhanye engxenyeni yesisu somzimba. Akukho amabala noma amaphethini emzimbeni - umbala unobuhlakani kunalokho. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kukhanya kuthinta imibala - emanzini angajulile ushaka ucishe ungabonakali, futhi emanzini anodaka ayingozi ikakhulukazi.
Njenganoma yiphi enye, inkunzi eshisayo izalaniswa ngokuzalwa bukhoma. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, insikazi iphenduka ibe uhlobo lokufaka incubator: ithwala wonke amaqanda ngokwayo. Ukuzalwa kwengane, njengomthetho, kwenzeka ngesikhathi sasehlobo - kusukela ngoMeyi kuze kube ngu-Agasti, ngenxa yalokho kuzalwa oshaka ababalelwa ku-12, abaphumela ngokushesha lapho bezoshiyelwa imishini yabo. Abantu abasha bafika ekuvuthweni ngeminyaka engu-3-4, ngaphambi kwalokho bavame ukusebenza emanzini angajulile, bacashe ezitheni futhi bafuna inyamazane elula yokudla. Isikhathi sokuphila esiphakathi kweminyaka engama-27- 28.
EsiNgisini, igama loshaka uzwakala njengo- "bullshark", elihumusha ngokwezwi elithi "inkunzi shark." I-Spanish version ibukeka njenge- "tiburon cabeza de batea", engahunyushwa ngokuthi "ushaka nekhanda lakhe, njengesigaxa." Ngokuqondene nolimi lwaseRussia, lapha inketho esetshenziswa kakhulu igama elithi "blunt" noma "grey bull shark." Ushaka uthole igama lakhe elingajwayelekile ngenxa yesimo salo esingacabangi futhi esinokuthula, kanye nekhono laso lokuphila emanzini amasha: abelusi baxotshela izinkabi endaweni enamanzi, futhi lapho nje isilwane sizulazula emanzini, oshaka bayihlasela bayihudula njengephango.
Umbono wokuqala koshaka wenkohliso uyinkohliso impela - ubonakala uhamba kancane, uvilapha futhi egobekile, kepha ekuphokopheleni ukuphanga kuthatha isivinini esikhulu kanye nokungaqondakali okungavamile. Kwesinye isikhathi it, njenge shark tiger, ibizwa ngokuthi "isifufula samanzi olwandle." Njengomthetho, uhamba kancane futhi ngobuvila azungeze indawo yakhe efuna izinto ezinyakazayo ezingaba yisisulu sakhe. Lapho nje kukhethwe inhloso, ukuyifeza, ushaka unamandla nesivinini, ongaba nomona ngempela.
Ushaka ompunga we-grey ujabulela idumela lomxhaphazi ongajwayelekile osebenzayo - unokukhuthazela okukhulu, kanye nomngcele wobuhlungu obuphansi. Kunezimo lapho oshaka balolu hlobo lwenhlobo esele babanjwa futhi begezwa ogwini badla okwabo - banokuthanda okukhulu kakhulu kokuphila, okucaciswa ngokusobala ngokuziphatha kwanoma imuphi umuntu walolo hlobo.
Oshaka abadala ngokuvamile bavame ukukhethwa ngokweqile ekukhetheni kokudla - bayamangaza futhi bangazondla ngezinhlanzi eziphilayo kanye namkhaza, kanye nanganoma yikuphi udoti. Bangakwazi nokudla i-carrion, futhi, yini iqiniso elibi kakhulu ngabo, yebo inyama yomuntu. Kodwa-ke, ukudla okujwayelekile koshaka kwalolu hlobo kufaka ama-invertebrates amakhulu namancane, izinhlanzi ezincane ezinama-cartilaginous, inhlanzi yamathambo namahlengethwa asayizi ahlukahlukene.
Izisulu ezivame kakhulu ezenziwa oshaka bezinkabi phakathi kwabantu zibhukuda zodwa, ukubhukuda, njengomthetho, ekuseni noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kusihlwa. Ubunzulu bokuhlaselwa buvame bancane - kuphela ngu-0.5-1 m.
Ukuhlaselwa okuphakeme kakhulu koshaka kubantu kubhekwa njengecala elenzeka esifundazweni sase-US eNew Jersey, esiseduzane naseNew York, ngo-1916. Kwathi kungakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa, kwafa abantu abane, kwathi oyedwa walimala kanzima. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, umsolwa osolwa ngalenhlekelele wabanjwa esebenzisa inetha. Isithandwa esinegazi esintwini safakwa obala. Akutholanga ngitsho ukuthi kube ngumuntu okhulileyo, kepha kube yingalo yoshaka omkhulu omhlophe kuphela, ubude bawo bufinyelele kumamitha ayi-2. Kodwa-ke, akunaso isiqiniseko sokuthi ushaka ofanayo wabanjwa futhi wachithwa, futhi ochwepheshe abaningi bathambekele ngisho ekuthini ukuthi ngumshaka wezinkunzi ompunga kuphela ongahlasela. Iqiniso elisebenzela lesi sitatimende ngamanzi omfula lapho kwakubhalwe khona ukuhlaselwa - kwakusha.
Usizi olwesabekayo lwasungula isisekelo sefilimu elidumile elithi "Jaws" - eyokuqala ngohlobo lwayo, olwalugxiliwe eduze nobungozi bokubulala oshaka. Kodwa-ke, i-heroine eyinhloko yale filimu yayiseyimpisi enkulu emhlophe, hhayi eyegrey.
Njenganoma yimuphi ushaka, inkunzi emnyama yenzeka phezulu kephiramidi lokudla futhi ayinazitha ezinkulu ezingalimaza kakhulu. Ukuphela kokuphela kukhona imikhomo yokubulala nabafowethu edlula umuntu othile ngosayizi. Usongo olukhulu kakhulu kulolu hlobo loshaka ngumuntu nomsebenzi wakhe, futhi hhayi ukuthi kuphela okuhambisana nokubhujiswa kwezinhlanzi zokudla (izinkungu nenyama yazo kubhekwa njengokudla okumnandi) - kwesinye isikhathi oshaka babulawa kanjalo nje, ngenxa yengozi engaba khona yabantu. Ezindaweni ezisetshenziswa ngabantu ngenkuthalo ukwenza imisebenzi emanzini noma osebeni lwamachibi, oshaka bahlala bebanjwa futhi babulawe, kepha ungakhohlwa ngokubaluleka kwengxenye ngayinye yezimbali nezilwane ekusebenzeni kweplanethi - ukubhujiswa okungalawulwa kwanoma yiziphi izinhlobo, noma eziyingozi kangako, kuzoholela ekuthini imiphumela emibi. Umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu ukuthola izindlela zokuhlalisana ngokuthula phakathi kwabantu noshaka, obekuzoba ngokuphephile ngangokunokwenzeka kuzo zombili izinhlobo zezilwane, kunokuba kumenyezelwe ukuthi izitha zabashaka besintu, zichitha inani labantu bakhona yonke indawo, ukubuyiselwa kwayo okuncane kakhulu, kuhamba kancane.
AmaShayina Amanzi Ama-Bull Shark
Ama-gill kanye ne-rectal gland ngamathuluzi lapho le nhlobo ikhipha noma ifihla usawoti. Kunezimo lapho oshaka bezinkomo babanjwa benyuka ngamakhilomitha angama-4000 enyakatho ne-Amazon. Akumangazi iqiniso lokuba khona koshaka bezinkabi emifuleni yaseNew Jersey, e-Illinois, enkabeni yeNew York nakwamanye amadolobha amakhulu.
Lesi silwane esinogazi sihlala njalo echibini laseMississippi naseNicaragua, kanye nasemfuleni iGanges. ENdiya, ngasendleleni, lapho izidumbu zabantu abavela endaweni ephakeme zilahlwa emanzini angcwele omfula, ngoshaka wenkunzi oqala ukuzisola inyama yakhe.
Bukela ividiyo - I-Newwater Bull Shark:
Oshaka bull bangena emanzini amasha ukuzala amathole ngesikhathi sokuzalela mullet. izinsikazi zizala oshaka abayimitha eyi-12-14, futhi zihlala emifuleni noma emiseleni zize zikhule - iminyaka engaba ngu-3-4. Ngemuva kwalokho, izingane bese ziya olwandle ziyofuna ukudla okukukhulu.
I-Bull shark - inombolo ye-cannibal 1
Abadala abakhethi ngokudla. Ukudla kwabo, njengomthetho - amahlengethwa, ama-invertebrates amakhulu, ama-mullet nezinye izinhlanzi. Oshaka bull abayideleli i-carrion, abamele izinhlobo zayo futhi, okubi kakhulu kunakho konke, abantu.
Imvamisa, abahlaseli abanesizungu baba izisulu zalezi zinhlanzi, futhi izisulu ezinamagazi zihlasela ekuseni noma kuhlwe kakhulu, futhi kaningi ekujuleni okungamamitha ayi-0.5-1.
Oshaka bull bangashintsha umbala womzimba kusuka ku-grey emnyama kuye ekukhanyeni, ngakho-ke ngisho nasemanzini angajulile ababonwa kangako. Ziyingozi ikakhulukazi emanzini anezinkinga.
Kunamacala abantu abaziwayo abawela umfula.
Isisulu kwesinye isikhathi siyakhohliswa ngokubonakala okuhamba kancane nokuhamba kancane kwesilo esiziimitha ezi-4, kepha oshaka bezinkunzi bayakwazi ukuhlasela isigelekeqe noma isilwane esondela emanzini ngesivinini sombani. Ukuphikelela nokuqina, umphikisi uba nesivinini esikhulu ekuphokopheleni ukudla okungenzeka kube khona.
Kwakuyilolu hlobo olwalusebenza njengophawu lwesilo sezinyo elivela ku-movie ethi "Jaws". Lezi zilwane ziyisixhumanisi sokugcina sekhompiyutha yokudla; ngokwemvelo, oshaka abenazo izitha zeqiniso, ngaphandle komuntu. Abantu basebenzisa inyama yabantu abasha, ngakho-ke lolu hlobo luyinto yokudotshwa. Ngokwesilinganiso, ushaka inkunzi uhlala iminyaka engaba ngu-20.
Bukela ividiyo - Ukuhlaselwa kukashaka wenkabi kumuntu:
Ukukhuthazela okwedlulele nokuzwela okuphansi ebuhlungwini okunikezwe oshaka. Kuke kwaba nezigameko lapho oshaka bezinkomo esevele bekhulelwe, bededelwa emanzini, bedla owabo ama-giblets.
Izinganekwane eziningi zinikezelwe kulezi zinhlanzi. Kwamanye amadolobhana aseNingizimu Afrika, oshaka bezinkomo babhekwa njengabangcwele. Ngokuvamile, oshaka bezinkomo bazalwa bengababulali abalungile. Lezi zihlaseli zomzimba zikhiqiza ama-testosterone amaningi kunanoma yisiphi esinye isidalwa.
Ukuhlaselwa kwezilwane ezinamaphiko kunesimo esithambile, esandisa ukwanda, futhi umlomo ogcwele wamazinyo unikeza isikhali esinokwethenjelwa.
By the way, oshaka bazalwa benenqwaba yamazinyo abukhali, futhi uma izinyo ngaphambili liwela ngaphandle, elisha alikhuli, futhi lowo okhula ngemuva kwalowo owile umane aqhubekele phambili. Umugqa wasemuva kuphela okhula njalo, ophindaphinda imihlathi yezinhlanzi ngezikhali ezintsha ezibulalayo.
Koshaka besifazane abafiphaza, njengakwezinye izinhlobo zabazingeli,. Lapho ubeletha izingane ezin gazi, umama osanda kwenziwa, ngaphandle kokubheka emuva, ubhukuda ahambe - eyofuna isisulu esisha esingenakusizwa.
Ushaka wenkabi ungumhlaseli onolaka onelungelo lokufuna isihloko saso isilwane esikahle nesinamandla onke. Akunakwenzeka ukubalekela enkosini yezilwandle - futhi, ubhukuda emanzini athule emuva, awesabi yini ukuhlangana eduze nomhlaseli wokuhlwanyela ukufa?
Bukela ividiyo - Isishosha Esiyisimungulu Esibulalayo:
Amandla amakhulu, amnandi futhi ayisimanga - unjalo ushaka wokulima olwandle olusha futhi nosawoti emhlabeni wonke. Umhlaseli uzungeza ulwandle nemifula, lapho kuhlala khona abantu abaningi, futhi owaziwa njengowoshaka oyingozi kakhulu oshisayo.
Isimilo nendlela yokuphila
Ushaka omfushane ojwayelwe impilo emanzini amasha nolwandle, ukubhukuda kalula emuva naphambili, ngenxa yamathuluzi akhethekile we-osmoregulation. Lokhu kuyizinsimbi gland kanye ne-rectal gland, umsebenzi ophambili wawo ukususa umzimba ngosawoti owedlulele lapho kufika lapho ushaka olwandle. Umhlaseli uyazi nokwazi ukwahlukanisa phakathi kokudla noma izinto eziyingozi, egxile kwimisindo evela kubo noma kumbala (izinto eziphuzi / izidalwa ezikhanyayo ezingezansi kubangela ukuqaphela okuthile).
Ushaka wezinkunzi uqine kakhulu futhi awuqageli: ukusebenza kwawo akuzivumeli kunoma yimuphi umqondo. Angakwazi ukuphelezela isikhathi eside nangokubukeka okungenandaba ngokuphelele, ukuze amhlasele ngobudlova umzuzwana. Futhi kuhle uma ukuhlasela kumane kuyisheke futhi kungaqhubeki nochungechunge lokuxhuma kwenkampani, olunezelwe ukulunywa.
Kubalulekile! Labo abangafuni ukugijimela ushaka omfushane kufanele bagweme amanzi anodaka (ikakhulukazi lapho umfula ugelezela olwandle). Ngaphezu kwalokho, akufanele ungene emanzini ngemuva kwemvula enkulu lapho igcwala oshaka be-organic.
Cishe akunakwenzeka ukubalekela umhlukumezi - ushaka uhlukumeza ogulayo kuze kube sekupheleni . Izimbangi zihlasela wonke umuntu owela imingcele yezimpahla zabo ezingaphansi kwamanzi, imvamisa ethatha ngisho nabaphethe ama-motors angaphandle kwesitha.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
Ushaka ompunga we-grey uhlala cishe kuzo zonke izilwandle (ngaphandle kwe-Arctic) nenani elikhulu lemifula entsha. Lezi zinhlanzi ezidla inyama zitholakala emanzini asezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni eziphansi, ngezikhathi ezithile zehla ngaphansi kwamamitha ayi-150 (zivame ukubonwa ngokujula okungamamitha angama-30). E-Atlantic, oshaka abafufusayo babambe imizimba yamanzi isuka eMassachusetts iye eningizimu yeBrazil, futhi isuka eMorocco iya e-Angola.
EPacific, oshaka benkomo bahlala eBaja California baye enyakatho yeBolivia ne-Ecuador, kuthi olwandle i-Indian Ocean bakwazi ukutholakala emanzini kusuka eSouth Africa kuye eKenya, Vietnam, India nase Australia. Ngale ndlela, izakhamizi zezifundazwe eziningana, okubandakanya iChina neNdiya, zihlonishwa kakhulu futhi ziyasaba ushaka wezinkabi. Olunye lwezinhlobo zikashaka osafufuthelwe luhlala lusuthiswa ubuntu, oluhlinzekwayo ngesiko lasendaweni lasendulo. AmaNdiya ahlala ngasemlonyeni weGanges, ehlisa abantu bawo bezizwe abafile ezindaweni eziphakemeyo eziphonswa emanzini awo angcwele.
I-Bull Shark Ukudla
Umdlwenguli awunakunambitheka okucolile futhi kukhona konke okubonakala emkhakheni wokubukwa, kufaka phakathi udoti no-carrion. Lapho ifuna isidlo sakusihlwa, inkunzi ishaka kancane futhi ivilaphile ihlola indawo yokudla yomuntu siqu, ishesha kakhulu lapho ibona inyamazane efanelekile. Ukhetha ukuthungatha ukudla yedwa, ukubhukuda emanzini anodaka okufihla oshaka kulowo ongaba isisulu. Uma into izama ukuphunyula, inkabi ishaka yona ohlangothini bese iyaluma. Kuthuka kushintshana ngokuluma kuze kube yilapho isisulu ekugcineni sinikezela.
Ukudla okujwayelekile koshaka abahlanzekile yile:
- izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle, kubandakanya namahlengethwa,
- inhlanzi enama-cartilaginous,
- ama-invertebrates (amancane namakhulu),
- izinhlanzi zamathambo kanye nensimbi,
- ama cr craceans, kufaka phakathi imfene,
- izinyoka zasolwandle nama-echinoderms,
- izimfudu zolwandle.
Oshaka bull bathambekele ku-cannibalism (badla izihlobo zabo), futhi bavame ukukhipha izilwane ezincane ezazize emifuleni zizophuza.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngokungafani nabanye oshaka, abesabi ukuhlasela izinto ezinobukhulu obulinganayo. Ngakho-ke, e-Australia, ushaka oyedwa wahlasela umjaho, kwathi enye yadonsela olwandle i-American Staffordshire olwandle.
Ukuxhamazela nokudla ngokungekho emthethweni kwezinhlobo kuyingozi ikakhulukazi kubantu abathi ngezikhathi ezithile bawe emazinyweni alezi zilwane.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zikashaka wenkunzi
Ushaka wezinkunzi ubhekwa njengenye yezinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu zikashaka: izinsikazi zikhula zibe ngu-3.5-4 m ubude, kuyilapho abesilisa bekhula ngobukhulu obukhulu (kufika ku-2,5 m).
Isona sodwa asinazo izinto ezihlukile kwabanye abamele abomndeni. Ikhadi lakhe lokushaya liyi-snout eyisiphukuphuku eye yathola inyamazane enegama elifanayo.
I-Bull shark - isakhamuzi esiyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni ongaphansi kwamanzi.
Umzimba unombala wensimbi empunga, kwesinye isikhathi, ugcwala umbala onsundu. Umhlane umnyama kancane, kanti ingxenye yesisu ilula. Azikho izindawo ezishiwo amabala nokugqekeza emzimbeni koshaka, kepha kunesici esisodwa esijabulisayo: singawushintsha kancane umbala womzimba wawo ngokuya ngemvelo - ukusuka ekukhanyeni kuye kumnyama, okuvumela ukuthi ushaka wenkunzi ungabonakali kancane lapho uzingela.
Amehlo amancane kashaka anikezwe ulwelwesi olucwebezelayo. Ushaka wenkunzi unamabili ama-gill slits. Isikhali esiyinhloko soshaka onobuhlakani umhlathi onamandla ofakwe amazinyo abukhali. Emhlathini ongenhla une-bend eyingqayizivele ecijile kanye nobume obunxantathu, umhlathi ongezansi uhlome ngamazinyo agobile ngaphakathi emlonyeni. Ushaka omfushane ukhiqize omkhulu izinhlayiya ezikhulukazi kanye nezomzimba.
Izici Zokuziphatha ze-Grey Bull Shark
Abasikiwe imisila bazingela bodwa, kwesinye isikhathi ngamaqembu anamathela phansi kwendawo yokugcina, ngezikhathi ezithile benyuka isiteshi kude, kude nomlomo. Bazivumelanisa nokuphila emanzini anezinkinga nokukhanya okuncane.
Baziwa ngesimo sabo sokuhlukumeza, abesilisa bavikela insimu kubantu abangabazi, kufaka phakathi abantu, akunzima ukuthi bahlasele umuntu ongavikelekile. Lezi zidlamlilo, njengomthetho, zihlala ekujuleni okujulile, zihlola imvelo yazo. Kepha lokhu akufanele kunganakwa. Ushaka ompunga ungahlasela umbani ngokushesha, ngokufutheka nangomusa.
Lezi zinhlanzi ezidliwayo zidlangile. Zitholakala ogwini lwaseNyakatho Melika, eNingizimu Melika, e-Australia nase-Afrika. Engxenyeni eseningizimu ye-Eurasia ogwini kunenala nakho. Zihlala olwandle, zivame ukubhukuda emfuleni futhi zibekezelele ngomoya ophansi usawoti namanzi amasha. Akukho shark Blunt kuphela e-Arctic Ocean, kubo amanzi abanda kakhulu. Izindawo ezifudumele ezinobumnene, ezishisayo nezifudumele zingcono kakhulu.
Indlela yokuphila
Ushaka omfushane unomlingiswa omubi. Ubhukuda kancane futhi ngobuvila emanzini, eshaya izilwane nezinto. Unomqondo okhule kahle wephunga, uzwa inyamazane ibanga elingamakhilomitha ayi-5. Intanta ngemuva kwakhe ishesha kakhulu, ngejubane le-18km / h. Iphila impilo yodwa. Abesilisa banensimu yabo, abayivikela ngesihluku. Iningi labasebenza ekuseni kakhulu nakusihlwa kusihlwa, kulesisikhathi lapho bevame ukuzingela khona.
Iyini imfihlo yekhono loshaka wezinkunzi ukuze liphile emanzini amasha?
Koshaka abaningi, ukugcotshwa kukasawoti osegazini kuyahlangana nalokho okutholakala emanzini olwandle. Futhi ezilwaneni ezinyakazayo ezimnyama, ngendlela, kungamaphesenti angama-50 kuphela, okubenza ukuba endaweni entsha babe nokuphuma kwamanzi okukhulu ngokusebenzisa ama-gill kanye nokuvuvukala kwe-chlorine nesodium evela entweni yezinhlanzi.
I-rectal gland, isibindi, izinso kanye nezinsini, ezikwazi ukuqongelela bese zigcina isodium edingekayo kanye ne-chlorine, konga lo shark, ogcina ukulingana kwawo kasawoti wamanzi futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kusiza ukuzivumelanisa namanzi amasha.
Abaphenyi, ngendlela, badonsela ukunakekela eqinisweni lokuthi abantu abasha bavame ukutholakala emanzini amasha, futhi abantu abadala babhukuda lapha, ikakhulukazi ukuze bazale izingane, ngoba leliqhinga lisiza izilwane ezincane ukuba ziphile.
Ngabe ibukeka kanjani inkabi eshisayo?
Ushaka omfushane wenza umbono ongathandeki kulabo abahlangane nakho. Unomzimba omkhulu, kanti izinsikazi zikhulu ngokubonakalayo kunabesilisa futhi zingafinyelela kumamitha angama-4 ubude, kuyilapho izimbangi zazo zikhula ikakhulukazi ziye kumamitha ayi-2,5. Isisindo salolu shark nazo zingabizwa nge-bovine - 300 kg!
Imise okomhlana, njengazo zonke izihlobo zayo, umzimba womhlaseli uphela ngekhanda elikhulu, unesihlakala, umsundu obanzi futhi, imihlathi ethusayo.
Amazinyo “obuhle” bethu avumelaniswa ngokuphelele nokuqunjelwa kunoma iyiphi indawo, noma igobolondo lesifufula. Zibukhali kakhulu, zinesimo esingunxantathu ezinemiphetho esekwe ngokuqinile futhi zigobile ngaphakathi. Ngendlela, ngokushesha nje lapho noma yimuphi wamazinyo ewa, kudalwa into entsha yokubulala endaweni yayo.
Ushaka upendiwe ngwevu-luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanti isisu silula, sicishe saba mhlophe.
Uhlala kuphi ushaka we-goofy?
Izindawo eziphambili zoshaka bezinkomo amanzi afudumele nasogobekile lwamanzi aseningizimu hemisphere (cishe 30 kuya ku-150 m ukujula). Umuzi wakubo yi-Atlantic, Pacific kanye ne-Indian Oceans.
Kepha kuzobe kunembile ngokwengeziwe ukubiza laba bazingeli ukuthi abafuduki, ngoba uma befuna ukudla bayakwazi ukubhukuda emifuleni ngisho nakwamanye amachibi, lapho kwesinye isikhathi bahlala khona iminyaka eminingana. I-Amazonas, iPotomac, iMississippi, iBrisbane, iGanges neBrahmaputra imifula yoshaka eyintandokazi. Esikhathini esingaphezu kwesisodwa, kwatholakala futhi ushaka wezinkabi (eCentral America), lapho wawubhekwa njengezinhlobo zezifo, nakwezinye izidumbu zamanzi ahlanzekile angenamamitha ayi-30.
Ngendlela, lomeleli wekilasi izinhlobo ezijwayelekile kakhulu zabashaka, ezaziwa emhlabeni wonke.
Izici zempilo koshaka oshonayo
Oshaka benkomo badume ngokuziphatha kwabo okungabekezeleleki kakhulu (okwathi, ngeshwa, kwaba negama layo) futhi kubhekwa njengenye yezinhlanzi eziyingozi kakhulu ezidla abantu. By the way, yiduna labasakazi abasokolisayo abadume ngokuba nolaka kwabo. Ngokusobala, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi bahlala ezindaweni lapho ungahlangana khona nenani elikhulu lababhukuda noma abathanda ezemidlalo zamanzi.
Naphezu kokudalwa kwalezi zinhlanzi, kukhona amaphuzu angacacile ekuziphatheni kwabo nasezimpilweni zabo. Futhi kuyaziwa ukuthi lokhu kuyizinhlobo ezinobungane kakhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo zazo. Kwesinye isikhathi oshaka bazingela ngababili noma ngamaqembu amancane lapho izinsikazi zibusa ngokusobala abesilisa, yize imvamisa kakhulu, njengezihlobo eziningi, zikhetha isizungu.
Ekufuneni ukudla, hhayi ukuzama ukuthola indawo yokudoba, ushaka wenkunzi ubamba konke okuza ngendlela yayo. Ingawahlasela amahlengethwa, kanye namahlosi amakhulu noma adume kakhulu.Ihehwa imfoloko, amakhrayizi, ama-mollusks, zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi kanye ne-carrion.
Oshaka bull bayingozi kubantu
Oshaka benkomo bavame ukuhlasela izilwane ezifikile endaweni yokunisela nabantu abaphelelwe ukuqaphela. Uhlasela ngejubane lombani, asheshe agxobe isisulu phansi.
Lezi zinhlanzi ziyingozi ikakhulukazi ekuseni nakusihlwa, lapho kufika isikhathi sokuzingela kwazo. Ngakho-ke, inani labantu abahlala ngasemifuleni lapho ishibhi lenkabi litholakala ngokulandela imithetho yezokuphepha:
- akekho ongena emanzini,
- Ku (okungukuthi, oshaka bathanda ukuzingela kuyo) kuyingozi ukubhukuda, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kwemvula, esekela izinto eziphilayo emasimini aseduze,
- ukubhukuda okude nakho kungaphela ngokudabukisayo.
I-Bull or blunt shark (lat. Carcharhinus leucas) ibhekwa ngabaningi njengoshaka oyingozi kakhulu kubantu emhlabeni wethu. Ngakho-ke kungani enedumela elifanayo nelezihlobo zakhe ezingadumile, njengoshaka abakhulu abhlophe nabamhlophe? Funda kahle, ndawonye sizozama ukukuthola.
Igama Ejwayelekile: Bull Shark
Igama Lezesayensi: Carcharhinus leucas
Ubukhulu: Maximum 3.5 m (11.5 ft), Medium: 2.4 m (7.8 ft)
Isisindo: Ngaphezu kwama-230 kg (500 lbs)
Ukuhlaselwa: Kuhlaselwa abangu-104 eminyakeni eyi-150 edlule, abangama-33 bayabulawa
Isilinganiso esibulalayo: 4 kwayi-5
Imininingwane yeBull Shark
Oshaka bull babe negama labo ngokuyinhloko ngobuso babo obuyindilinga obufushane. Iningi loshaka kulo mndeni bangene kulo ngenxa yempumulo, empeleni i-Carcharhinus, lisho ikhala elibukhali.
Leli gama libuye libonise umlingiswa wabo ongajwayelekile nokuthambekela kokushaya inyamazane ngamakhanda abo njengesethulo sokuhlaselwa.
Loshaka baziwa nangokuthi: ushaka weZambezi, ushaka weVan Royen, ushaka waseNicaragua, ushaka waseGanges, ushaka olilinganisiwe, ushaka ophethe ifosholo, umkhomo wamanzi amhlophe, umfula iSwan River, noma ushaka ompunga.
Oshaka bull basemndenini owodwa njengoshaka abakhulu abamhlophe, oshaka beshaka kanye noshaka abade abaphephe. Lo mndeni ubizwa ngeCarcharhinidae noma “Shark Requiem”, laba oshaka babhekele cishe konke ukuhlaselwa kwabantu okungakhange kuthathwe.
Oshaka Bull isendaweni yesithathu ngokuya ngenani lokuhlaselwa kwabantu. Ngokusho kweFayile International Shark Attack (ISAF), laba shaka kungenzeka ukuthi babandakanyeke kulokhu kuhlaselwa ngemuva koshaka abakhulu abamhlophe kanye noshaka benswebe. Eminyakeni engu-150 eyedlule, sekurekhodwe ukuhlaselwa koshaka abangu-104, nokwesithathu kwako kubulawe. Kuyakholelwa nokuthi lezi zibalo azibukelwa phansi, ngoba ukuhlaselwa okuningi kwenzeka emazweni esithathu omhlaba futhi akufakiwe kwizibalo.
Ochwepheshe abaningi babheka ukuthi ushaka oyinkunzi ushaka oyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, ngokungafani nezinye oshaka abangaba yingozi, ushaka wezinkunzi utholakala kuphela emanzini angajulile. Futhi kulapha ukuthi bangahlangana nabantu, kufaka phakathi kwamanye amabhishi adume umhlaba.
Kukholakala kabanzi ukuthi bekungukuhlaselwa koshaka bezinkabi abagqugquzela abasunguli bama-Movie Jaws ukuba benze ifilimu. Ngesikhathi kuhlaselwa oshaka abadume kabi ogwini lweNew Jersey ngo-1916, abantu abane babulawa kwathi omunye walimala. Yize kungabikhona okunye ukuhlaselwa ngemuva kokuthi ushaka omkhulu omhlophe, ushaka omkhulu obungamamitha ayi-2,5 (8-8), abanye ochwepheshe abakholwa ukuthi ushaka obabambekile wayehileleke kulokhu kuhlaselwa. Isizathu salokhu kungenye yokuhlaselwa okwenziwe emfuleni iMatavan Creek, indawo okuhlaselwe kuyo bekukude kakhulu nolwandle futhi kunamanzi amasha. Njengoba wazi, ushaka omkhulu omhlophe awatholakali emanzini amasha, kanti oshaka inkunzi bavame ukutholakala emifuleni nasemachibini.
Oshaka bull banokulunywa okuqine kakhulu ngosayizi wabo phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo zikalobi ezilinganisiwe.
Ividiyo: Usosayensi u-Eric Ritter ujoyina amanzi nabashisi bezinkabi abambalwa abebukeka kabi.
I-Bull Shark: I-Habitat kanye nokusabalalisa
Oshaka Bull bavamile kuwo wonke amanzi afudumele. Babonwe kude nenyakatho yeMassachusetts ogwini lwe-Atlantic e-USA futhi naseningizimu njengaseBrazil. Ngenkathi zingabonakali kaningi ezindaweni ezibandayo zoLwandlekazi iPacific, zivame ukubonwa eBahia eBaja California (Mexico) kuze kufike e-Ecuador. Oshaka bull futhi batholakala ezindaweni eziningi oLwandlekazi i-Indian, kubandakanya iningi le-Afrika, iNtshonalanga India, kusuka eVietnam kuya e-Australia.
Izithombe. Ngingahlangana kuphi neswiss blunt
Loshaka ngokujwayelekile batholakale emanzini bengekho ngaphansi kuka-30 m (100 ft).
Oshaka bull kungenye yezindawo ezimbalwa oshaka abazizwa kamnandi emanzini amasha. Bonke oshaka kufanele balondoloze inani elithile likasawoti emzimbeni kanti oshaka be-bovine banedivayisi ekhethekile ebavumela ukwenza lokhu, noma ngabe kungamanzi amasha.
Oshaka bull babonwa ekujuleni kwezwe, amakhilomitha angama-3,700 (amakhilomitha angama-2,220) phezulu komfula iAmazon ePeru namakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-3,000 (amamayela angama-1800) phezulu komfula uMississippi e-Illinois. E-Afrika, baziwa nangokuthi i-Zambezi shark, njengoba bevame ukuvakasha kulo mfula, kanti e-India kwesinye isikhathi babizwa ngokuthi oshaka be-Ganges. Inani lalaba bantu oshaka nalo lasungulwa eLake Nicaragua, ngesinye isikhathi bekukholelwa ukuthi linokufinyelela olwandle. Yize kunjalo, kubukeka sengathi laba shaka bayakwazi ukuhamba emfuleni ehlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi nokunqoba ezinye izimbangi ukuze bakwazi ukufinyelela echibini. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, uchungechunge lokuhlaselwa kwenzeka echibini (okunye okubulalayo).
Oshaka bull ngesikhathi sezikhukhula ngonyaka we-2010 babonwa bebhukuda emigwaqweni egcwele izikhukhula naseBrisbane (Australia).
Kunamahlebezi oshaka bezinkomo okuthiwa bahlala eLwandle iMedithera, kepha abukho ubufakazi obukholisayo.
Naphezu kwezingqinamba zezinkabi ezishisayo eLake Michigan, lokhu kubonakala kungenzeki. Noma kukhona umsele phakathi kweMississippi lapho atholakala khona neLake Michigan, kunezingqinamba eziningi kuwo, ezinjengezinqaba ukuthi oshaka abakwazi ukwahlula.
Oshaka baseNingizimu Melika basuka ngezikhathi ezithile amakhilomitha angama-3,700 (amamayela angama-2 300) benyuka naphansi uMfula i-Amazon.
Bull Shark Anatomy
Oshaka bull bayabonakala nge-muzzle yabo e-stocky and dull. Zifushane ngokulinganayo futhi zibanzi kunezinye “i-Shark Requiem”.
Umbala woshaka uvela ekukhanyeni kuya ku-grey omnyama, anombala omhlophe ngaphansi. Oshaka abasebasha kungenzeka babe nezeluleko ezimnyama.
Isilinganiso esikhulu kunazo zonke esirekhodiwe kwakungu shark ongamamitha amane (13 ft), yize lokhu kungahloliwe kahle. Kuvame ukubikwa ukuthi oshaka bafinyelela kubude bamamitha angama-3.5 (11 izinyawo).
Izithombe. Amazinyo oshaka weBovine
Ushaka oshaka obunzima kunabo bonke kwakungu-315 kilb (694 lb) isbonaphi.
Oshaka bull abanalo i-crest. Lona umgodi ogeleza phakathi kwezingaphambili nangasemuva zamakhanda asemuva koshaka ngemuva. Abanye oshaka banayo ngempela.
Oshaka Bull banamehlo amancane, mancane kunamanye ama-Shark Requiem. Kukholelwa ukuthi ngenkathi bezingela emanzini enodaka lwamanzi ancike kakhulu kunephunga.
Amazinyo abanzi futhi anxantathu, afinyelela ku-4 cm (1.5 inches) ubude. Zenziwe ngokuqinile ezinhlangothini, ezilungele ukusika nokuqhekeza inyama.
Abesifazane baphila isikhathi eside ukwedlula abesilisa. Bangaphila iminyaka engaba ngu-16, uma kuqhathaniswa neminyaka eyi-12 kwabesilisa. Lokhu kuchaza usayizi omkhulu wabantu besifazane abadala.
Oshaka abasha bazalwa ngemuva kokukhulelwa izinyanga eziyi-11. Umama ubazala ephila, ngokushesha bangabhukuda ngokukhululekile (bephila bukhoma) futhi akanandaba kangako nabo ngemuva kokuzalwa kwabo.
Abadobi bezinkabi badlani?
Oshaka bull phakathi kwezilwane ezidla izimbotshane phezulu kwekhonkolo lokudla. Lokhu kusho ukuthi esikhathini esiningi akekho noyedwa obazondayo, yize kuyaziwa ukuthi ezimweni ezingandile bahlaselwa badliwe abanye oshaka abakhulu futhi kukhona nezimo lapho izingwenya zibulala oshaka bezinkomo.
Izithombe. Ushaka wenkunzi eshonile
Oshaka Bull bazodla noma yini! Bangabazingeli abanethuba, bayozama ukudla noma yini abayitholayo, futhi bangabheki inyamazane ethile. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, indlela abadla ngayo imvamisa inezinhlanzi, njengoba uyazi ukuthi badla ngisho nama-stingrays kanye nabanye oshaka, kubandakanya nabantu abancane bezinhlobo zabo. Ngokuvamile, oshaka bezinkomo badla izimfudu zasolwandle, amahlengethwa, izinkalankala, izinyoni zasolwandle, ama-squid, izinja kanye namahhashi angenanhlonipho, bayeke abantu.
Ukuhlaselwa kweBull Shark
Oshaka benkomo kwesinye isikhathi babizwa ngokuthi inkunzi yasemanzini ngenxa yolaka lwayo xaxa. Kubuye kuhlotshaniswe nendawo yokuhlala koshaka kanye nobubanzi, yingakho maningi amathuba okuthi ahlangane nabantu ukwedlula noma yimuphi omunye ushaka. Ukuhlaselwa okuningi kwenzeka emifuleni nasemachibini, okwenza kwaba lula kakhulu ukubona izinhlobo zoshaka ngenxa yamanzi amasha.
Lezi zinhlanzi ezidliwayo zidlangile. Zitholakala ogwini lwaseNyakatho Melika, eNingizimu Melika, e-Australia nase-Afrika. Engxenyeni eseningizimu ye-Eurasia ogwini kunenala nakho. Zihlala olwandle, zivame ukubhukuda emfuleni futhi zithwale ngokuthula usawoti namanzi amasha. Akukho shark Blunt kuphela e-Arctic Ocean, kubo amanzi abanda kakhulu. Izindawo ezifudumele ezinobumnene, ezishisayo nezifudumele zingcono kakhulu.