Amatshe okugwazwa kwamatshe naphayini kuyizihlobo ezisondelene. Umndeni wonke womfelokazi uqanjwe ngaye. Ngaphandle itshe kanye nehlathi marten ziyefana kakhulu: zombili zinobukhulu, ziguquguqukayo futhi zinezimo ezixakile, ezinobuhle obuhle obunsundu onsundu, futhi intamo nesifuba kuhlotshiswe indawo ekhanyayo.

Ungayihlukanisa kanjani i-marten yamatshe kusuka ehlathini.

Bheka isithombe se-pine marten , inendawo ephuzi, kepha phansi isithombe senkemba yamatshe limhlophe.

Kulokhu, abafel 'ukholo bathola ezabo isidlaliso i-yellowfin ne-whitefin .

Uhlala kuphi marten futhi uhlala obani?

Naphezu kokufana, ama-martens anemikhuba ehluke ngokuphelele. Amahlathi afela ukholo izindlu ezihlahleni zabanye abantu, futhi itshe likha izimbobo ngaphansi kwezimpande zezihlahla.

Kepha womabili ama-martens ehlobo akhetha ukuzingela ngezikhathi zantambama, ekuntweleni kokusa noma ekushoneni kwelanga. Konke okutholakalayo kungadliwa: unogwaja, kanye namajikijolo asendle ama-raspberry namajikijolo,

kanti izinhlanzi ezi-marten zivame ukudla ubhedu.

Ama-Martens ebusika.

Ukuzingela ama-martens ebusika kuyaqabukela, uncamela ukulamba ngezinsuku ezibandayo ikakhulukazi, ecashe emgodini ofudumele noma emgodini. Izimbongi zingabuye zizingele ngaphansi kweqhwa, zisebenzisa ukuhamba okumbiwa ezinye izilwane.

Njengawo wonke ama-martens, itshe nehlathini libulala ngentshiseko indawo yalo yokuzingela futhi livikele ngenkani amazinyane uma esengcupheni.

Umfelokazi ungummeleli womndeni omkhulu we-marten. Yisidlakela esidla ubhedu futhi esinesibindi, esikwazi ukunqoba izithiyo ezahlukahlukene kalula, ukugibela ihlathi elingaphezulu phezulu kanye nokukhuphuka iziqu zemithi ukuphishekela inyamazane. Ummbila wesilwane ungowezilwane ezibalulekile ezinomusa futhi unobuhle obuhle obuvela kusifuba obumnyama kuya kofishi obomvana.

Ukubulawa kwezilwane: incazelo

UMarten isilwane esinoboya obukhulu nobuthambile, esingapendulwa ngemibala ehlukahlukene onsundu. (onsundu omnyama, isifuba, onsundu ophuzi). Entanyeni, umfela unendawo yomphimbo wethoni ephuzi, eyindilinga ngesimo. Amaphayi amafushane, anamandla amahlanu. Kunezihlakala kwiminwe. Isibaya sibukhali. Izindlebe zimfishane, zinxantathu, zinomucu ophuzi eceleni. Umzimba mncane, umphetho, uphakeme kancane (kusuka ku-45 cm kuya ku-58 cm). Umsila uthambile, mude, ufinyelela engxenyeni yomzimba we-marten (kusuka ku-16 cm kuya ku-28 cm ubude). Isisindo somzimba - kusuka ku-800 g kuya ku-1.8 kg. Abantu besifazane ngokwesilinganiso banciphile ngamaphesenti angama-30 kunabesilisa. Uboya bo marten basebusika bucwebile futhi bude kakhulu kunoboya ehlobo, futhi uboya behlobo bunzima futhi bufushane kunobuhlakani obusika.

Izinhlobo zeMartens

Emvelweni kunezinhlobo eziningana zemfelasanyama, ezihlala endaweni yazo ngokwezindawo zazo futhi zinesimo sezulu esishisayo, zisabalalisa ngokuqinile ezindaweni zazo zokuhlala.

• UMartes americana - umfel 'ukholo waseMelika ufakiwe esigabeni sezilwane ezingandile; kubukeka njengesilwane esibulala inyama, ebusuku.
• I-Martes pennanti - i-ilka ithatha izihlahla eziyize, ithanda ukunamathela kumahlathi e-coniffort ehlathi.
• I-Martes foina - i-marten yamatshe ehlala endaweni enkulu kakhulu, imvamisa kunezinye izinhlobo zayo njengento yokuzingela ukukhiqizwa koboya.
• Ama-martes ama-martes - i-pine marten ivame kakhulu eYurophu naseYurophu, ingumthombo wokuthola uboya bezinga eliphakeme.
• Martes gwatkinsii - Umndeni weNartgirian isilwane esiyingqayizivele esihlala ezindaweni eziseningizimu.
• I-Martes zibellina - intambo yinto emide yokuzingela; kwesinye isikhathi yenza uhlobo lwe-hybrid olubizwa ngokuthi i-kidus (ingxubevange yemithi nokubanjwa).
• I-Martes flavigula - i-harza ingelesigaba sezakhamizi zase-Eshiya, ezihlala ezindaweni ezinkulu lapho.
• Martes melampus - Umfel 'ukholo waseJapan ungumthombo woboya ensimini yeziqhingi ezinkulu zaseJapan.

UMarten Habitats

Imithi yaseMelika itholakala ezwenikazi laseMelika. U-Ilka uthatha i-niche emahlathini aseNyakatho Melika, ahlangana nama-Appalachians (West Virginia) aya eSierra Nevada (California). I-marten yamatshe ihlala iningi lezwekazi lase-Yuria - indawo ehlala kuyo isuka eHimalayas naseMongolia iye ePhalamende lase-Iberia. Kuthunyelwe ngokukhethekile eWisccin (USA). I-pine marten ihlanganisa cishe wonke amazwe aseYurophu: ingatholakala isuka eNtshonalanga Siberia iye eBritish Isles enyakatho nokusuka e-Elbrus naseCaucasus iye eMedithera eseningizimu. Umfele wase-Nilgirian uhlala engxenyeni eseningizimu yeNdiya, uhlala eWestern Ghat nase-Nilgiri Upland. I-Sable ingumhlali wase-Russian taiga, ohlala endaweni kusukela eLwandlekazi iPacific kuya e-Urals.

IHarza itholakala eNhlonhlo YaseKorea, eChina, eTurkey, e-Iran, emaphethelweni aseHimalayan, e-Indochina, eHindustan, eNhlonhlo yeMalay naseGrand Sund Islands. Iphinde imelwe kabanzi ePakistan, Nepal, Georgia, Afghanistan. Kuyenzeka nasendaweni yaseRussia, kuthatha iKhabarovsk kanye nePrimorsky Territories, iSikhote-Alin, isisekelo semifula ye-Ussuri ne-Amurye. Umfela waseJapan ekuqaleni uhlala eziqhingi ezi-3 eziphambili zaseJapan - uKyushu, uShikoku, uHonshu. Ihlala eTsushima, eKorea, eziqhingini zaseSado naseHokkaido. E-Russia, kunezinhlobo ezinjengalezi ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-martens njenge-sable, pine marten, itshe le-marten ne-charza.

Imikhuba kaMarten

Umthethosisekelo we-marten uthinta ngqo imikhuba yakhe: lesi silwane singakwazi ukuzungeza ngokweqa noma nge-spasmodically kuphela (ngesikhathi sokugijima). Umzimba oguqukayo we-marten usebenza njengesiphethu esinamandla, okwenza isilwane esibalekayo sikhanyise okwesikhashana ezikhaleni zama-conifers we-conifers. Umfel 'ukholo ukhetha ukuhlala emahlathini aphakathi naphezulu ehlathi. Ngobuhlakani ugibela izihlahla, ehlikihla ngisho nemifino eqondile emvumela ukuba enze izilenge ezibukhali.

I-pine marten ihola indlela yokuphila yansuku zonke, ukuzingela emhlabathini nokuchitha isikhathi esiningi ezihlahleni. Umkhongi uhlela izindlu ezihlahleni zezihlahla kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-16 ukuphakama noma ngqo kumqhele wazo. Umfel 'ukholo akagcini nje ngokugwema umuntu ongumuntu, kepha uqoka kuwo. Uhola impilo ehleliwe, ngaphandle kokushintsha indawo yakhe ayithandayo, ngisho nokushoda kokudla. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi, ingazulazula ngamaprotheni enza ngezikhathi ezithile ukufuduka kobude obude.

Esikhathini samahlathi ahlala ama-martens, izinhlobo ezimbili zezindawo ziyahlukaniswa: ukuhamba ngezinyawo, lapho kwenzeka khona ngezikhathi ezithile, nokuzingela kwansuku zonke, lapho ama-martens asebenzisa isikhathi esiningi. Ehlobo nasekwindla, ama-martens alawula ingxenye encane yezindawo ezizingelayo zokuzingela, ephila isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezinokuqongelela ukudla okukhulu kakhulu. Ebusika, le mingcele inwebeka kakhulu ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla, futhi ama-marten anemizila esebenzayo yamafutha. Imvamisa bavakashela izindawo ezinjengezindawo zokukhosela nezindawo zokudlela, bezimaka ngomchamo.

Uhlala kuphi umfel 'ukholo?

Ngayo yonke indlela yakhe yokuphila, umfene uxhunyiwe ehlathini. Kutholakala emahlathini amaningi asehlathini lapho kukhula khona izihlahla ezihlukile, kepha ngaphezu kwakho konke kukhetha i-spruce, amahlathi ephayini kanye nezitshalo ezingama-coniferous aseduze kwabo. Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, kuyi-spruce-fir, eningizimu - ese-spruce-deciduous, esifundeni saseCaucasus - amahlathi fir-beech.

Ukuze uhlale unomphela, umfel 'ukholo ukhetha izindawo ezinamahlumela amaningi amahlathi amade nezihlahla ezinde, izinkuni ezindala, ezixutshwe nezindawo ezincane zezindawo ezincane ezingaphansi komhlaba, ezinemiphetho emide, nezindawo ezisehlathini ezinezindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba kanye nokucaca. Kodwa futhi ingahlala ezindaweni ezinamafulethi, emahlathini asezintabeni, lapho itholakala ezigodini zemifula emikhulu nemifula. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-marten azigweme izindawo ezinamadwala, ukubeka. Izindawo zokuhlala zabantu zizama ukuhlala kude, zingena ezindaweni ezihlala amapaki kuphela. Okuwukuphela kwembeswa wetshe, elihlala lihlala ngqo emadolobheni nasemizaneni.

Ngabe udlani?

Ama-Martens ayizilwane ezihlasimulisayo, kepha ikakhulukazi adla izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane (njengokuthi, ngokwesibonelo, amagundane asendle kanye nama-squirrels), izinyoni namaqanda awo. Bahlukaniswa yiqiniso lokuthi banentshisekelo kumagundane, njengesihloko sokuzingela, lawo amakati azama ukudlula ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obukhulu. Musa ukudelela ama-martens kanye ne-carrion, izinambuzane, iminenke, amasele, izinyamazane. Ekwindla, ama-martens adla kalula amantongomane, amajikijolo nezithelo. Ekupheleni kwehlobo nakuzo zonke ekwindla, ama-martens abeka ukudla endaweni yokubhuka, okuwusizo kuwo ngenkathi ebandayo.

Amagama: uphuzi-umushi, umhluzi wepayini waseYurophu.

Indawo : Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Palaearctic - ububanzi bendawo buqala ukusuka eNtshonalanga yeSiberia kudlula eRussia naseYurophu kuya eScotland nase-Ireland, futhi ukusuka emkhawulweni osenyakatho wamahlathi amade we-trif coniferous (enyakatho) kuya eMedithera naseCaucasus (eningizimu).
Kuyatholakala naseziqhingini eziningi zaseMedithera, kufaka phakathi iSisily, iCorsica, iSardinia kanye neBalearic Islands (Mallorca neMenorca).

Incazelo : umzimba wephayini marten mude, mncane futhi uguquguqukayo, umbozwe ngoboya obude be-fluffy.
Isizalo mncane, sibunji, sinxantathu ngesimo, imihlathi iqinile. Izindlebe ezinkulu zinxantathu, zizungezwe ngaphezulu. Iwashi ngalinye lineminwe emihlanu enezinsika eziqinile ezingaguquki. Izinsika ebusika zimbozwe ngoboya. Umsila mude, ufinyelela uhhafu womzimba.
Abesilisa bakhulu ngo-12-30% kunabesifazane. Owesifazane unamabili amabili wezindlala ezincelisayo. Amazinyo abukhali.
Uboya be-marten's buthambile, bunezinwele ezimfushane ne-undercoat engavamile. Ukuhlanza ebusheni nakubantu abadala kuqala entwasahlobo, ubusika buqala ukukhula ngo-Agasti-Septhemba.

Umbala : kukhona indawo ekhanyayo ebunjiwe njengombala ophuzi emqaleni kanye naphansi. Ubusika bobuhlaza obuvela ophuzi okhanyayo onsundu kuya onsundu omnyama. Umbala wezinhlangothi ulula ukwedlula emuva nesisu. Isikebhe esingaphansi simpunga okhanyayo ngombala onsundu noma ophuzi. Isihloko somsila nemilenze simnyama. Ikhanda lingumthunzi ofanayo nomzimba. Imiphetho yezindlebe ngokushaya okukhanyayo.

Ubukhulu : ubude bomzimba obungu-33-56 cm, umsila ongu-17-28 cm, ukuphakama lapho kubuna ngo-15 cm.

Isikhathi sokuphila : ngokwemvelo 3-4 (iminyaka eyi-11 ephezulu), ekudingisweni iminyaka eyi-10-18.

Izinyane, njengoba zisesidlekeni sikamama, lixhumana ne-twitter yakhe.

Habitat : i-pine marten ihlobene eduze nehlathi, ikhetha i-spruce thick, fir, i-oki, i-deciduous, ingxube yamahlathi avuthiwe futhi amade, ahlanganiswe ngokhuni olufile nangezihlahla eziyize. Iphumela ngaphandle ukuvula izindawo ngesikhathi sokuzingela kuphela. Gwema izindawo ezinamadwala nokubeka amatshe.

Izitha : impungushe ebomvu, izimpisi, goshawk, ukhozi lwegolide, owl ukhozi, lynx.
Kusuka ezidlekeni (ngaphandle kwezinyoni) kugcinwa ezihlahleni. Imvamisa, izidlozi ezinkulu zibhubhisa i-pine martens, hhayi ukudla, kodwa ukususa umuntu ongaqhudelana nokudla.

Ukudla : omnivorous, lokhu kudla kuhambisana nenkathi nobuningi bokudla - amagundane amancane (ama-voles arable, amagundane, ama-squirrels abomvu, ama-dormouse, ama-hares, ama-pikas), izinyoni namaqanda abo (i-hazel grouse, i-grouse emnyama, i-capercaillie, i-parridge, i-nuthatch, i-Woodpeckers, i-tits) , izinhlanzi, izinambuzane kanye nezibungu zazo (izibungu zezinyosi zasendle noju lwazo, amacimbi), ama-amphibians (amasele kanye no-roe wawo), izirhubuluzi, imidumba, izihlakala, iminenke, amajikijolo nezithelo (ama-blueberries, ama-raspberries, ama-pears, ama-apula, umlotha wentaba, ama-cherries, ama-cherries, okhalweni okusukuma, amantongomane) kanye ne-carrion.
Ehlobo, isilinganiso samajikijolo nezithelo singafinyelela ku-30% wokudla okuphelele.
I-pine marten ilungiselela ingxenye yokudla kobusika, ikufihle emigodini yezihlahla.
Ubulala inyamazane ngokuluma ngemuva kwekhanda.

Ukuziphatha : umdlwenguli osebenzayo wobusuku (53-59% wesikhathi, umfel 'ukholo uyasebenza ebumnyameni no-14-19% ntambama), osebenza emhlabathini nasezihlahleni. Ntambama ulala emgodini, ohlala phansi ezihlahleni zezihlahla (endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-2-5), squirrel ongenalutho noma izidleke zezinyoni, emifantwini phakathi kwamatshe, ukushayisana komoya. Ebusuku (eyofuna ukudla), angashiya indawo yokuhamba amakhilomitha ayi-10. Kwiqhwa elinamandla, ihlala esidlekeni, idla okuhlinzekwayo.
Ayinazidleke zaphakade, kepha izulazula isiza ngasinye ifuna inyamazane. Ukuphila kusayithi elilodwa iminyaka eminingi ilandelana, kwesinye isikhathi kuyazulazula kuma-squirrels.
Ummbila kaphayini unelukuluku futhi uyadlala. Ukumunca, ukubona nokuzwa kukhuliswe kahle. I-Running gxuma, ngenxa yokuthi ishiya imidwebo yezinyawo ebhangqiwe (imilenze yangemuva ibekwe ezinyaweni zangaphambili). Ukhuphuka kahle (eduze kweziqu namagatsha ezihlahla) futhi ugxume (kusuka egatsheni kuya kwelinye igatsha ebangeni elingafika kumamitha angama-4, kusuka ekuphakameni okukhulu kuya eqhweni). Ingahambela eziqongweni zezihlahla. Uma ukhuphuka, ungasonta izinyawo zama-paws angama-180 ".Intanta ngokunqikanqika futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.
Abesilisa nabesifazane banezimbambo ezimbili zezindlala ezikhethekile ezinephunga elimnandi (i-ductal kanye nesisu).

Isakhiwo senhlalo : i-pine marten ihola indlela yokuphila yodwa, ifomu ngababili kuphela ngenkathi yokuzalanisa. Izilwane zimaka imingcele yendawo ngemfihlo yezindlala ezinamakha nomchamo.
Ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokuzalela, umhlangano wamadoda amabili uvame ukwenzeka ngaphandle kwengxabano.
Indawo yesilisa (10-25 km 2) ivame ukuhlangana nezindawo zezinsikazi eziningana (5-5 km 2).

Ukuzala : kusukela ngoJuni kuze kube nguJulayi, insikazi inendawo yokuvuza eminingana egcina izinsuku ezingama-1-4, isikhathi esiphakathi kwazo siyizinsuku eziyi-6 kuya ku-17. Ukuhluma kuthatha imizuzu engama-30-50.
Insikazi izala amathole kanye ngonyaka. Ngokuzalwa kwengane, insikazi ikhetha umgodi esihlahleni esidala. Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, udlulisela lawo mazwe kwenye indawo noma angalidla lonke udoti.
Ngenkathi yokondla abancane, izinsikazi zizingela kokubili ebusuku naphakathi nosuku.

Isizini / inkathi yokuzalanisa : NgoJuni-Julayi. Ijubane lamanga libonwa ngoFebhuwari-Mashi.

Ukuthomba : abesifazane nabesilisa bavuthwa izinyanga eziyi-14. iminyaka, kepha inzalo ivame ukuba nayo eminyakeni engu-2-3.

Ukukhulelwa : ukukhulelwa okunesigaba sokugcina sezinsuku ezingama-236-275, ukukhulelwa uqobo kunezinsuku ezingama-27-28.

Isithombo : insikazi izala imidlwane engu-2-7 eyimpumputhe, eyisithulu futhi engenasici, enesisindo esingama-gramu angama-30, ubude obungu-10 cm. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa sezivele zimbozwe ngoboya obufushane obungandile. Amehlo avuleka ezinsukwini ezingama-34- 38 zokuphila.
Ukuqunjelwa kuthatha amasonto angama-6-8, lapho sekuphele iminyaka yobudala lobu bunjani bunesisindo esingu-68 g. Ama-martens asemancane adlulisela ekudleni okuqinile ezinsukwini ezingama-36-45 ubudala, lapho amazinyo aqhuma.
Ziqala ukuphuma esidlekeni ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5. Imidlwane izama ukukhuphuka futhi igxume ngenkuthalo inezinyanga ezi-2-2,5 ubudala.
Enye inyanga, abantu abasha benina, bese besuka esidlekeni beyofuna indawo yabo. Amanye amawundlu ahlala nonina emgodini kuze kube sentwasahlobo elandelayo.

Isimo sabantu / ukulondolozwa : Njengamanje, kunabantu abangaba ngu-200,000.
Ummbila kaphayini ungashintshana nesigaxa, inzalo ezinjalo eziyinyumba zibizwa ngokuthi ama-cindus.

Kucatshangelwa izindlela eziyisishiyagalolunye zokubulawa kukaphayini: Martes martes (amasayizi amakhulu), Martes m. borealis, M. m. i-latinorum Umcibisholo waseCaucasian (M. m. lorenzi ), Menorca marten (M. m. i-ezincaneicensis ), M. m. notialis , I-Central Russian pine marten (M. m. ruthena ), Pechora pine marten (M. m. sabaneevi ), i-Ural pine marten (M. m. i-uralensis ).

Isikweletu: Portal Zooclub
Lapho uphinda ubhala le ndatshana, ukuxhumana okusebenzayo kumthombo yi-MANDATORY, uma kungenjalo, ukusetshenziswa kwalesi sihloko kuzothathwa njengokuphula umthetho we "Law on copyright and rights Associates".

Buka: Marten - Martes (lat.)
Umndeni: Cunyi
Isigcawu: Isimilo
Ibanga: Omama
Uhlobo: Chordate
I-Subtype: Ama-vertebrates
Ubukhulu:
ubude bomzimba - 33-56 cm, umsila - 17-28 cm, ukuphakama kubuna - 15 cm
isisindo - 0.5-2.4 kg
Iskhathi sempilo: kuze kube seminyakeni engama-20 ekudingisweni

Njengomuntu osehlathini, ihlumela lithanda ihlosi elingaphezulu lama-spruce namakhulu ezihlahla zikaphayini asendulo. Njengoba egugile futhi engajwayelekile, ugibela izihlahla ngokushesha, enze gxuma esixakile abambe inyamazane empukane. Ngaphansi kwthole elibuthaka, inhliziyo yomzingeli onokhahlo nongenagazi ushaya. Ake sibheke ukuthi umfel 'ukholo ubukeka kanjani, isithombe, ukuthi udlani nokuthi uhlala kuphi.

Habitat

Elikhethwayo ihlathi lomhlaba, ama-martens ahlala endaweni yonke yoMhlaba. Indawo abahlala kuyo iqala eNtshonalanga yeSiberia, ifinyelela emahlathini aseScotland nase-Ireland, ithinta izindawo ezisenyakatho, futhi iyaqhubeka nohambo lwayo oluseningizimu ingena ezweni laseCaucasus naseMedithera.

Ngokuya ngokubukeka komhlaba, lesi silwane sikhetha amahlathi avuthiwe, nenani elanele lezihlahla eziyize nezingodo eziningi ezigcwele. Yisimo esinjalo lapho umhlaseli omncane ezizwa ekhululekile ukubeka indlu emigodini, akuvamile ukuba kwehle emhlabathini, ahambisane namagatsha neziqu zezihlahla.

Kuyathakazelisa!Isebenzisa umsila wayo njengebhanela, umfanyana ugxuma amamitha amane, eqa esihlahleni eya kwesinye.

Isici

Ngokuzwa okujulile, umuzwa wokuhogela nombono, umfelokazi omkhulu uphila impilo yobusuku. Akahlali isikhathi eside endaweni eyodwa futhi akaboshelwe emgodini owodwa. Lesi silwane sithola kalula indawo yokuhlala emigodini yama-squirrel nasezidlekeni zezinyoni, ngoba sezike zasiqothula. Umzimba oguqukayo uvumela isilwane ukuba singene kwizikhala ezincanyana phakathi kwamatshe futhi sihlele ukuphumula kosuku lapho.

Umfelokazi uthanda indlela yokuphila eyedwa. Amabili abumbelwa inzalo kuphela. Umzingeli omangalisayo, isilwane, esidinga ukudla, wenza omunye umsebenzi obalulekile, elawula inani lamagundane amancane endaweni yakhe yewadi. Ngokumangazayo, ngosuku olulodwa lokuzingela lesi silwane singakwazi ukuhlanganisa ibanga elingama-20 km. Iphambukisa izihibe eziyinkimbinkimbi endaweni yayo, lesi silwane sifuna inyamazane size sigcwaliswe. Lapho sesidlile, ummbila ulala phansi ukuze uphumule esigodini esiseduze kakhulu noma umgodi osondele kakhulu endaweni yokuzingela.

Ukubukeka

Umzimba omfushane, omude we-marten umbozwe ngoboya ngaphandle kwesihlakala eside. E-Russia yasendulo, ama-bobo fur ayebhekwa kakhulu futhi esebenza njengeyunithi yemali. Izikhumba eziningi zesikhumba se-marten ezikhokhelwa izimpahla nezinsizakalo, lapho bathola khona igama neyunithi yemali ye-kuna.

• Indawo enhle ephuzi idlula emphinjeni nangaphansi kwentamo yesilwane, imvamisa ithatha amajamo amangalisayo wamaconsi agasele ngengozi emzimbeni wesilwane.
• Isisulu esihle Ikhanda lithweswe umqhele ngezindlebe ezinkulu, ezinemiphetho emincane eyindilinga.

• Umsila we-fluffy wesilwane ungalingana ngobude nomzimba. Ama-paws amahlanu asendaweni yama-paws, anezinsika ezingenakuxegiselwa ezisiza izimbumbulu zikhuphuka izihlahla futhi zibambe ngokuphepha inyamazane.

• Uboya buyashintsha umbala kuye ngesizini: ebusika kuba nsundu, kube nezithunzi eziphuzi, ehlobo kuyancipha futhi kuncishiswe kakhulu ubude.
• Umhlane unombala omnyama, futhi izinhlangothi nesisu zithatha umbala okhanyayo wombala oyinhloko.

Kuyathakazelisa!Emndenini omkhulu wama-martens kukhona abantu abanezinwele eziphuzi nezesiliva, njenge-harza, kolunye lwezinhlobo zazo, itheku le-Nilgir, umphimbo udwetshwe ngombala okhanyayo we-orange.

Izici Key

Njengoba ingasabalali ihamba emhlabathini, isithombe se-marten sivame ukuthola isilwane emagatsheni noma emigodini yezihlahla. Kuyo yonke impilo yakhe, imbumbulu ibilokhu igxuma, ishiya imidwebo yezinyawo eqhweni nasemhlabathini. Ngaphandle kokushintsha indawo yokuhlala, isilwane singaba nezindawo zokukhosela eziningana endaweni yokulala nokukhulisa amawundlu. Isisulu esincane asishiyi indawo yaso noma ngabe sibi ngokudla.

Ekuzingeleni, ukhetha isikhathi sasebusuku, evakashela izidleke zezinyoni, ama-squirrel agobekayo, kanye nonogada bamagundane amancane, ahlala kahle egatsheni lesihlahla. Encane, kepha inesibindi futhi iqinile ngokumangazayo, i-marten iyakwazi ukubhekana ne-hare futhi igoqoze i-capercaillie.

Kunezimo ezivame kakhulu zokubulawa kwenkukhu okuhanjelwa inkukhu. Njengoba ingakwazi ukuthwala yonke inyamazane, lesi silwane singakwazi ukubamba zonke izinkukhu, lapho sathola khona ulaka lwabantu olungileyo. Kodwa-ke, kuyiphutha ukucabanga ukuthi lokhu kuhaha kubusa isilwane. Konke kulula kakhulu: izinyoni ezethuswa ukuhlaselwa umhlaseli ziqala ukushesha zivele zizifikele, zifudumeza imvelo yesilwane, ngakho-ke “ziyanciphisa” zona uqobo lwazo uqobo.

Umsoco

Kuyathakazelisa!Umfelokazi uthanda ukuvakashela izidleke zezinyosi, edla uju nezibungu lapho. Ngeke adlule isibungu esinamafutha.

I-omnivore enjalo isiza isilwane eminyakeni, hhayi ukuceba kumdlalo omncane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umfel 'ukholo ngokuzithandela wenza ubusika ebusika, ahlanganisa izimbobo ngemikhiqizo yemifino.

Ukuzala

Ukuthomba kwenzeka eneminyaka engu-14 yezinyanga zesifazane nowesilisa. Kodwa-ke, ukwanda kuvame ukwenzeka phakathi kweminyaka emi-2 kuya kwemi-3. Isikhathi sokukhwelana siqala ekuqaleni kukaJuni futhi siqhubeka kuze kube nguJulayi. Ngalesi sikhathi, izintokazi ziyi-estrus, ezithatha cishe izinsuku ezi-4, zokuphumula kwezinsuku eziyisithupha kuya kwezingu-17.

Kuyathakazelisa!Ukukhulelwa kwe-marten kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-28, kepha ngaphambi kwalokhu kudlula esigabeni sokukhula, okuhlala izinsuku ezingama-235 - 275.

Owesifazane oyedwa uletha imidlwane emibili kuya kwengama-7, ehlala nonina izinyanga ezintathu. Uma ukuzala sekwephuzile, khona lapho imidlwane ingahlala emgodini wayo kuze kube sentwasahlobo.

Ukuzala, ukudoba, inani lokuhweba

Emndenini we-marten kuphela ezinye izinhlobo ezingeyona inzalo ngokuya ngemikhiqizo yokukhiqiza uboya. Iningi, ukuqala ngenkosi yoboya obusebenzayo, zithathwa njengezilwane ezibalulekile zoboya. Amajazi oboya obuhle be-marten ahlobisa ama-wardrobes ama-fashionistas anamuhla futhi abizi. I-fur marten esebenzayo futhi enhle ibekezelela izinkathi eziyisikhombisa zamasokisi futhi ingene ngokufanele kwesinye sezikhundla eziphezulu ohlwini lokuthandwa.

Kuyathakazelisa!Isakhiwo soboya be-marten singena kahle ngaphandle kokulibaziseka kwezinhlayiya zothuli, esandisa izakhiwo zaso ze-hypoallergenic.

Ukuzingela okufelwa minyaka yonke kukhawulelwe kuphela ngenxa yenani elilinganiselwe lezilwane ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo. Ezindalini zoboya, ukuthengiswa kwezikhumba zomfele kukhawulelwe izingcezu ezingama-500. Ezindlela zokuzingela isilwane, okungcono kakhulu ukudoba nenja. Izicupho nezicupho lapho isilwane siwela khona asinikezi izinto ezisezingeni eliphakeme. Ngesikhathi umzingeli ethatha izicupho ukuze ahlolwe, uboya buba nesikhathi sokonakalisa izinduku ezincane nezinye izinyamazane.

Ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo zezimboni, kukhona ukuzalanisa okusebenzayo kwama-martens emapulazini obuboya. Imizamo yokuthenga imbumbulu yokulungiswa kwasekhaya ivame ukwehluleka. Kunzima ukuthola imidlwane etholwe ekudingisweni, kepha leyo elethwe ihlathi ifa noma idinga izimo ezikhethekile zokuthuthuka okujwayelekile. Umuthi awugcinwanga ekhejini elincanyana, ngoba kuyadingeka ukwakha indawo enkulu yezindiza enezihlahla, ama-manholes afihliwe nezinye izici zempilo yasilwane.

Emvelweni, izilwane ziyaqabukela ziphila iminyaka emi-5 - 6, kepha ekudingisweni, ngokunakekelwa okufanele, zikhula ngokuphumelelayo, ziphila iminyaka eyi-18 - 20.

Ngokubonakala kwayo, umfanyana ufana nekati ngezindlela eziningi. Unejazi elihle, eli-fluffy, umzimba oguquguqukayo nomusa. Ama-Martens nawo anomsila we-fluffy, kepha ama-muzzles awo amafushane futhi abanzi. Isilwane sincane ngokwanele. Njengomthetho, ubude bawo abudluli amasentimitha ayi-60.

Izinhlobo ezimbili zama-martens zihlala emahlathini aseRussia - ihlathi netshe. Ngaphandle, zombili lezi zinhlobo ziyefana kakhulu. Umehluko ungabonakala kuphela ngaphansi kwembaza yamatshe. Iqiniso ngukuthi emhlane nasezinhlangothini zangaphansi kwesilo esinjalo kukhanya. Futhi ama-martens amatshe ahlala ikakhulukazi endaweni yamatshe.

Ekudla, izilwane azithobeki. Ukudla kwabo ngokuyinhloko kuncike esikhathini sonyaka. Zidla ngamagundane, amasele, izinambuzane, izinyoni, izibankwakazi, amagundane nezimpuku. Musa ukudelela ama-martens nezinkukhu. Ehlobo nasekwindla yokuqala, isilwane sidla ngentshiseko ukudla kwezitshalo - amajikijolo ahlukahlukene, amantongomane nezihlahla.

Njengoba isilwane sihle kakhulu, uboya bayo babhekwa njengabaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni wefashini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zivame ukulimaza indlu, zibhubhisa izinyoni, onogwaja kanye nezitshalo zasemakhaya. Akumangazi ukuthi izilwane zizingelwa ngenkuthalo. Yize ukuzingela okungekho emthethweni kungavunyelwe futhi kulawulwa ngokuqinile. Ngokuzingela okungekho emthethweni kunikezwa inhlawulo enkulu. Ngokuvamile, ama-martens azingelwa ngosizo lwezicupho, yize kunezindlela eziningi ezahlukahlukene. Imvamisa inja ithathwa kanye nayo ekuzingeleni; kuyasiza ukulandelela isilwane.

Igalari yezithombe - umarten omuhle endle.

Ividiyo emayelana nokufelwa. Bukela ifilimu elithi "Far Eastern Marten Kharza" - iziqephu ezimbili. Ubuncane bamagama. Ihora elilodwa nesigamu esimangalisayo ozohlala uwedwa nemvelo.

Futhi manje ungaya ogwini lwe-foggy Albion ubuke ividiyo "Marten. Umoya wamahlathi. ”

Futhi enye ividiyo - "UMarten Hunt".

Ividiyo yokugcina - ukufaka isicupho emfeni

Ukuziphatha kukaMarten kanye nokudla

Umsebenzi kaMarten uboniswa kusihlwa nasebusuku. Emini, izilwane zilala emigodini yezihlahla noma ezidlekeni ezinkulu zezilwane ezinamaphiko. IMartens ichitha isikhathi esiningi ezihlahleni, ngakho-ke ikwazi ukukhuphuka ngokuphelele iziqu bese igxuma isuka kwelinye igatsha iye kwelinye. Bangagxuma baye kumamitha angama-4.

Umfel 'omncane.

Ama-Martens ahamba ngokushesha emhlabathini. Umuntu ngamunye unesabelo sakhe, imingcele yayo imakwe ngemfihlo enephunga elimfihlo, evela emithanjeni ye-anal. Uma umuntu ongaziwa ephula imingcele, khona-ke izingxabano ziqubuka phakathi kwezilwane. Kepha kwabesilisa nabesilisa, amabanga angahluka. Indawo yezindawo ingahluka ngokuya ngesikhathi sonyaka. Ngakho-ke, ehlobo kuneziza eziningi ukwedlula ebusika.

Lalela izwi lomfel 'ukholo

Ama-Martens anamazinyo abukhali, ngenxa yokuthi abhekana kalula nokudla kwezilwane nezitshalo. Ukudla okubangelwa imfene kuqukethe ama-voles, ama-squirrels, izinyoni ezincane namaqanda.

Futhi, izilwane zidla izinambuzane, izirhubuluzi kanye no-carrion. Umuthi ubulala isisulu ngokusiluma ngemuva kwekhanda lakhe. Ukusuka ekudleni kwezitshalo ama-martens adla amajikijolo, amantongomane noju. Ekwindla, izilwane zenza ukudla kwasebusika.

Itshe ukholo

Izitha ZikaMarten

Izitha zemvelo zama-martens izimpungushe ezibomvu nezinkozi zegolide, kepha ukulimala okuyinhloko kubantu kuletha abantu.

Ngesinye isikhathi, ama-martens aqothulwa kakhulu ngenxa yezikhumba zawo. Lokhu kuholele ekwehlisweni okukhulu kwenani lezilwane. Kepha njengoba indawo yokuhlala yama-martens ibanzi impela, asikho isidingo sokukhuluma ngengozi yokuqothulwa. Kwamanye amazwe, ama-martens avikelwe ngumthetho futhi ukudubula kwawo kuyenqatshelwe.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

U-Ilka, noma u-marten angler

U-Ilka, otholakala emahlathini asehlathini aseNyakatho Melika, owaziwa nangokuthi i- pine marten, noma ama-pecans, ngokungafani negama lawo, udla izinhlanzi njengokuphambanisa. Ngokusho kwabaphenyi, lezi zilwane zingathola igama ngenxa yokuboleka olimini lwesiFulentshi igama elithi fichet, elisho ukuthi "ferret" ekuhumusheni. Abamele lolu hlobo luvame ukondla kuma-porcupines wezinkuni, amagundane, ama-squirrels, ama hares amhlophe nezinyoni. Yidla i-ilka nama-shrews. Ngezikhathi ezithile, umuntu angabona ukuthi ama-martens azithokozisa kanjani ngamajikijolo nezithelo ezahlukahlukene, ngama-apula athile.

I-North American Martens

Ama-martens aseMelika, kanye ne-ilk, ukuphela kwezidalwa ezinobukhulu bazo, ezikwazi ukuzingela kalula ngemisele nangezihlahla. Kodwa-ke, ama-martens aseMelika awasafundwa kangako, njengoba ehlukaniswa ngokunakekelwa okukhulu nokuphila ebusuku. Ososayensi bathambekele kuphela ekucabangeni ukuthi ukudla kwabo nemikhuba yabo kungenzeka kufane nezimpawu ezifanayo zezinye izinhlobo zezilwane.

Ngabe badlani amatshe?

I-Stone marten (elinye igama layo laziwa nangokuthi - le-white-breasted) itholakala endaweni yase-Europe, futhi ayesabi, ngokungafani nabamele ezinye izinhlobo zemithi, ukuhlala ezindaweni zokuhlala, kwesinye isikhathi ibheka ngisho nasemizini yabahlali bendawo. I-marten yamatshe yathola igama layo ngenxa yokuthi itholakala ngisho nasendaweni enamadwala. Abamele lolu hlobo lwenyama badla kakhulu inyama, bezingela zombili izilwane ezincelisayo (amagundane, amagundane, onogwaja) nezinyoni. Musa ukudelela i-whitefish kanye namaxoxo nezinambuzane. Ehlobo, badla ngokuzithandela izithelo namajikijolo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kaningi ama-martens amatshe enza ukuhlaselwa kokweba izinkukhu kanye namajuba. Izinkukhu, ziqala ukwethuka lapho zidonsa inkukhu, zivuse ngokushesha umuthi wokubulala izinhlwathi. Ngenxa yalokho, zingabulala izinyoni eziningi kakhulu kunalokho ezingazidla.

Ukudla kukaMarten

Ama-pine martens (ama-yellowheads) ahlala ezifundeni eziningana zaseYurophu nasentshonalanga kwamanye amazwe ase-Asia, njengoba igama lawo libonisa, akhetha ukuhlala emahlathini, ekugwema ngokucophelela ukuhlangana nabantu. Abamele lolu hlobo, njengamanye ama-martens amaningi, bacishe babe ngama-omnivorous. Ukudla abakuthanda kakhulu ngamagundane amancane, kufaka nama-squirrels, namaqanda ezinyoni. Ngokuthokozela, ngokusho kwezazi zezilwane, imvelo yomdlwane idla amasele neminenke, futhi ekwindla ivame ukudla amajikijolo kanye namantongomane, futhi iyakwazi ukuqongelela imali ebusika.

Izici zangaphandle

UMarten ungomunye wabahlaseli abajwayelekile besigaba sezilwane ezincelisayo. Lesi silwane esincane, esinomzimba omncane futhi oguquguqukayo, izinwele ezi-fluffy, siyisitha esibucayi izinyoni eziningi nezilwane. Kuze kube manje, ososayensi bahlukanisa izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili zama-martens. Abadume kakhulu kunabo bonke - itshe nehlathi elihlukahlukene.

I-marten yamatshe ine-fluffy ende nomsila omude. Imilenze yakhe imfushane. Kulesi silwane, i-muzzle inesimo esingunxantathu. setha phezulu. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lesi silwane sifana kakhulu ne-ferret. Akungabazeki ukufana. Umehluko omkhulu indawo ekhanyayo eyisigaxa esifubeni sika-marten, idlula imichilo emibili iye ngaphambili. Kepha kufanele wazi ukuthi inani labantu base-Asia yezinhlobo kungenzeka lingabi nasici nhlobo.

Izinwele zesilwane zilukhuni impela, zipendiwe ngombala onsomi noma onsundu. Amehlo amnyama. Ebusuku bakhanya ngombala obomvu. I-marten yamatshe, isithombe ongasibona kulesi sihloko, sishiya imicu ekhanyayo emhlabeni kune "isihlobo" saso sasemahlathini. Lesi sidalwa esinyakazayo sihamba ngokuxhuma, kuyilapho imilenze yangemuva iwela ngokuqondile emikhondweni yangaphambili. Ngenxa yalokhu, kunama-prints ukuthi abazingeli bawabiza ngokuthi "ichashaza amabili".

Ukusuka ehlathini umuntu ngamunye, isidalwa esimhlophe (itshe lesikhumba) sihluka kakhulu. Unomsila omude kancane, ibala entanyeni yakhe linombala ophuzi, ikhala lakhe limnyama, izinyawo zakhe zimbozwe ngoboya. I-marten yamatshe isinda, futhi usayizi wayo mncane. Ubude bomzimba wesilwane esidala bungamasentimitha angama-55, umsila ungamasentimitha angama-30. Isisindo sisuka ku-1 kuye ku-2,5 kg. Abesilisa bakhulu ngokugqamile kunabesifazane.

Stone Marten: Indawo Yokusabalalisa

Lesi silwane sihlala ezintabeni ezingenamsebenzi zase-Altai eCaucasus, emahlathini asezikhukhuleni zeCiscaucasia, futhi kwesinye isikhathi emadolobheni nasemapaki ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeRussia. Lolu hlobo lwama-martens lubhebhetheke e-Eurasia, eMongolia naseHimalaya.

Kwenzeka nase-Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Belarus naseCentral nase-Asia Ephakathi. Lesi silwane asihlali emahlathini, sincamela izikhala ezivulekile ngesihlahla esincane nezihlahla ezihlala zodwa, indawo enamadwala. Kungakho isilwane siqanjwa kanjalo. Ngokumangazayo, lesi silwane esincane asibesabi ngokuphelele abantu, singatholwa emakamelweni angaphansi nakwindawo yokubopha, emafekisini ezakhiwo zokuhlala.

Unentshisekelo ekunakekelweni kwasekhaya? Ekuthunjweni, itshe le-marten cishe alihlali. Ngalesi sizathu, akuvamile ukubonwa ngisho nasezindlini ezinkulu. Kuliqiniso, eJalimane, eCentral Zoo yaseBerlin, amaJalimane akwazile ukudala izimo ezicishe zifane, eduze kakhulu nendawo yokuhlala yemvelo.

Ukulandela okulandelayo

Izazi zebhayoloji zahlukanisa wonke ama-martens amatshe zaba izingcingo ezine.

1. I-European Bodushka. Ihlala kwezinye izindawo zengxenye yaseYurophu yezwe elaliyiSoviet Union kanye neNtshonalanga Yurophu.
2. Owesifazane omhlophe onobugebengu. Njengoba sekucacile, lesi yisakhamuzi saseCrimea. Inesakhiwo sezinyo esihluke kancane kwezinye izihlobo, igebhezi elincane nombala olula.
3. I-Caucasian whitefin. Lesi sitolo esikhulu kunazo zonke esihlala eCaucasus, esinobhiya obucwebezelayo obalulekile futhi ngaphansi kaphansi.
4. Owesifazane wase-Central Asia onezinwele ezimhlophe wakhetha u-Altai njengendawo yakhe yokuhlala. Ibala lakhe lesifuba alakheki kahle. Inobuhle obukhulu kakhulu.

Ukuziphatha kweHabitat

Stone marten usebenza ebusuku nasebusuku. Ntambama, balala emigodini yezihlahla noma bahlala ezidlekeni zezinyamazane ezinamabala. Iningi lempilo yomfelokazi lichithwa emagatsheni ezihlahla, ngakho-ke lapho bezizwa beqiniseka kakhulu - bekhuphuka ngeziqu, bagxume besuka egatsheni baye kwelinye. Ukugxuma kwabo kungafinyelela kumamitha amane.

AmaMartens ahamba ngokushesha emhlabeni. Umuntu ngamunye unesabelo sakhe, imingcele yaso iphawula imfihlo ekhethekile. Uma umuntu ongaziwa ephula insimu, khona-ke ukungqubuzana kungenzeka phakathi kwezilwane. Kuliqiniso, emadodeni nakwabesifazane amabanga ahlukaniswa kakhulu. Indawo yezabelo ezinjalo iyahluka ngokuya ngesikhathi sonyaka. Kukhona iziza eziningi ehlobo kunasebusika.

Ukuzingela okwenziwe ngamatshe ngamatshe ngezicupho

Kumzingeli onolwazi, umfela uyindondo efanelekile. Lesi isisulu sobuqili, esisheshayo nesisheshayo esikwazi ukudlula izithiyo ezahlukahlukene ngesikhathi sokuphishekela, ukuqondisa nokucasha ezihlahleni. Isizini esemthethweni iqala ngoNovemba. Njengoba sesishilo, lesi sidlo sasebusuku (umhlabe ngamatshe). Ukuzingela kungenzeka kuphela ebusuku. Kukulesi simo kuphela ongeke ubuye ekhaya ulambatha.

Indlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokuzingela lesi silwane ukusebenzisa izicupho. Ngokuvamile basebenzisa isicupho esinguNo. 1. Umzingeli ngamunye unezimfihlo zakhe zokufakwa kwabo. Yabelana omunye wabo. Izicupho kufanele zifakwe emagatsheni ezihlahla ukuphakama kwamamitha amabili noma amabili, khona-ke ngeke zimbozwe yiqhwa. Futhi lapho isilwane siwela ogibeni, ngeke sibe nethuba lokuphuma (kwi-limbo).

Isicupho esinebhethi kufanele sibekwe eduze kwezindlela zehlathi ezinyathelwe. Ukuzingela akukukhulu, ngoba inani lalezi zilwane alilikhulu kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunzima impela ukuthola isilo esinjalo. Noma kunjalo, kubazingeli bokugembula kakhulu, i-marten iyindondo eyamukelekile.

Ngabe libukeka kanjani leli marten elijwayelekile emahlathini nasezintabeni zethu? Uma umuntu ebuza umbuzo onjalo, imvamisa incazelo ingenziwa, kuthatha njengesisekelo ukubonakala kwento ejwayelekile. Wonke umuntu wabona ibhere, okungenani ku-zoo nasesithombeni. Ngakho-ke yehlisa ibheringi amahlandla amaningi, yenze umzimba wayo ube mude, ube mfushane futhi ukhanye. Ungakhohlwa ukwelula nokukhanyisa ubuso. Yebo, imilenze isadingeka yenziwe mincane, ilula, kepha ihlale ixubile. Ngakho-ke sizothola ukholo.

Ama-Martens izidalwa ezincelisayo eziphuma emndenini wokufelwa.

Ama-Martens izidalwa ezincelisayo eziphuma emndenini wokufelwa. Izihlobo zabo eziseduzane, ngaphezu kwezinhlobo eziningana zama-martens uqobo, yile:

Ngakho-ke, umndeni wama-martens uhlanganisa i-weasel encane kakhulu ne-wolverine enkulu, efana nebhere. Kodwa-ke, wonke ama-cuns angama-adroit, adla izitha ngokushesha futhi anamandla.

Izilwane zalolu hlobo zinokukhula okuphakathi, ngomqondo wokuthi imingcele yazo iphakathi nendawo ye-wolverine enkulu ne-weasel emfushane. Ummbila uyisilwane esihamba ngomunwe, esixhaphaxhapha, esinama-paws amafushane amahlanu afihliwe. Iminwe itholakala ngokukhululeka futhi ihlome ngemikhonto ebukhali, evumela ukuthi lesi silwane sikwazi ukukhuphuka kalula izihlahla. Isizalo semfene sibukhali ngezindlebe ezimfishane, ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili. Umzimba wakhe mude, mncane, uqondisiwe, uguqulwe kahle ukuze usheshe uhambe ngezihlahla futhi ugxume ebangeni elide.

Umsila mude, ufinyelela ingxenye yobukhulu bomzimba. Ihluka ngomsila we-squirrel lapho kungekho fan, ekhulisa ukugeleza komzimba nesivinini sokuhambahamba kwezihlahla, nasezintabeni ngamatshe nangamadwala.

Kunezinhlobo ezi-2 kuphela zama-martens ezihlala endaweni yaseRussia - ihlathi netshe. Izinhlobo ezihamba phambili yi-pine marten.

Umbala we-pine marten usukela ku-chestnut uye onsundu omnyama onendawo yomphuzi oyindilinga. Ebusika, uboya besilwane bude futhi bucwebe, ehlobo buba mfushane futhi buqine.

Njengabameli abaningi balo mndeni, umzimba wephinifa ufiphala unama-paws amafushane nezinwele ezinyaweni. Ngobude, ukukhula kwesilwane kucishe kube ngu-50 cm, ubude bomsila abudluli ku-28 cm, bunesisindo esimaphakathi cishe ne-1.5 kg. Abesilisa bavame ukuba nzima kakhulu kwesithathu kunabesifazane.

UMarten isilwane esihamba ngomunwe, esixhaphaxhapha, esinama-paws amafushane amahlanu ankohliso

Izintandokazi zokudla okunempilo zikaMarten

Ukusho ukuthi ama-martens angabaphangi kufana nokungasho lutho. Ngokwedlule, izisulu ezidla inyama zifaka zonke izilwane ngokwazo ezibulala ezinye izilwane bese zizidla masinyane. Kodwa-ke, ingabe isitshalo singasetshenziswa njengezilo? Vele, uyakwazi, yena uqobo ubulala izilwane azidle yena. Kodwa ingabe undlunkulu ungumbangi? Yebo, lo futhi ungumzingeli, owesabisa zonke izinhlobo zama-booger.

Umuthi uyisilwane esidla inyama ngaphandle kokubhuka. Udla konke okugijimayo, ukubhukuda, izimpukane, gxuma, ukukhasa. Izisulu zakhe yilezi:

• zonke zenzelwe imouse,
• noma iyiphi inyoni ebingenasikhathi sokudonsa imichilo namazinyo ayo,
• squirrels
• ama-chipmunks,
• amanye amakhandlela angaphansi kwamandla nobukhulu,
• zonke izilwane ezingenamsoco.

Umuthi uyisilwane esidla inyama ngaphandle kokubhuka

Isilwane singadla ngisho namawundlu empungushe, impisi, ibheji, izingulube zasendle uma abazali babo behambile kwenye indawo. Kodwa-ke, ukudla okuyinhloko kwama-martens ngamagundane nezinyoni.

Okokuqala, izidumbu zalezi zilwane zikhulu ngokwanele ukuba zigcwalise ubisi okungenani okwesikhashana. Okwesibili, kunenqwaba yazo ukuze kulondolozwe inani elifanelekile lalezi zilwane eziphakathi nendawo.

Igalari: ukubulawa kwezilwane (izithombe ezingama-25)

Indlela yokuphila ne-Biotope

Ama-martens asehlathini ahlangana ngokugcwele negama lawo. Kuzo, konke kuvumelana nokuphila ezihlahleni. Abakwa-Stick martens baba negama labo ngenxa yendlela yabo yokuphila nokuvalelwa kuma-biotopes athile. Bangakwazi ukuhlala kahle phakathi kwezihlahla, kepha bazizwa bebahle nje ezindaweni ezivulekile zezintaba phakathi kwamadwala namatshe.

Noma kunjalo, ama-cunyi ekuqaleni ayeyizakhamuzi zasehlathini. Lonke ushintsho lwazo lokuziphendukela kwemvelo luhambisana nezinguquko kuma-biotopes lapho indima eyakha khona izihlahla kancane kancane yabe incipha futhi ingabalulekile. Okuhlukile kulo mthetho yi-wolverine kuphela, enkulu kakhulu ukuthi ingagxuma emagatsheni futhi indize kalula ukusuka esihlahleni iye kwesinye.

Onke ama-martens ayazi ukugibela futhi agxume izihlahla kahle, anqoba kalula ibanga lamamitha ama-4 ngokuxhuma .. Ukuhamba esakhiweni esiyinkimbinkimbi somuthi, bayakwazi ukuguqula izinyawo zabo ngo-180 °. I-Plastity enjalo iyisici sabo bonke ababhekisi bezinkuni.

Uma sikhuluma ngokwakhiwa kwehlathi, lapho ama-martens athanda ukuhlala khona, khona-ke lawo mahlathi ahlangene kakhulu ahlanganayo. Ukuvalelwa okunjalo kubangelwa ukuthi lapha zonke izilwane ezincane zingazitholela ukudla okwanele. Emahlathini anjalo, amagundane, ama-squirrels, ama-chipmunks angadla ku:

• amantongomane e-coniffort,
• amakhowe
• utshani
• izitshalo ezimpande
• ama-acorn nezihlahla eziqhakazayo
• izilwane zangaphakathi.

Isisekelo esihle sokudla kwezilwane ihlathi okuthiwa likaphayini, okungukuthi, izinyoni ezinkulu ezidla ngezinaliti, okusanhlamvu notshani. Ama-partparges ahlukahlukene, i-hazel grouse ngisho ne-capercaillie atholakala kalula ekondleni isilwanyana esidla ezinye esinamandla njenge-marten.

Ukudla kwe-marten yamatshe ngandlela-thile kuhluke kokunye okubangwa yi-marten yehlathi. Kodwa-ke, umehluko awulona olukhulu. Phakathi kwezikuni zezintaba, ama-bunnies asentabeni - ama-pikas angaba ukudla. Ama-Gophers angabuyisela isizinda sokuphakelwa ezindaweni ezise-steppe. Futhi okunye, isisekelo sokondleka konke kungumumo wegundane nezinyoni.

AmaMartens ahlala emahlathini aqothulayo, ikakhulukazi emahlathini e-oki, ngoba ama-acorn nezithelo zezinye izihlahla eziqinile ziheha izingwegwe, amagundane nezinyoni.

Kodwa-ke, i-biotope eyamukeleka kahle kakhulu kwababulawa ukholo yi-taiga namahlathi axubile. Lapha uthola ngobuningi hhayi ukudla kuphela, kepha futhi nezindawo ezivikelekile zokuzalela inzalo.

Ama-Shelter kanye namaNkundla

Onke ama-martens akhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni eziyize. Ehlathini, akulutho, kepha nokho ziphilile futhi izihlahla eziqinile zihlala zishoda kakhulu. Ngokwengeziwe kuma-martens, ama-squirrels, ama-chipmunks, izinyoni (izinkuni, amapiki, ama-nuthatches, ama-tits, njll.) Athi izikhala ezinjalo. Kwake kwenzeka isikhashana, amabhere amhlophe anebala elimhlophe e-Far East ahlala kuwo futhi ezifihla kuwo. Manje, lapho izihlahla ezinkulu seziye zaba yinto engakaze yenzeke kaningi, la mabhere kwesinye isikhathi aphoqwa ubusika emgodini ngaphansi kwesihlahla, esingahambelani nobusika obukhulu baseFar East.

Lapho izihlahla ngokwazo ziba yindlala khona, ama-martens ahlala emancwabeni phakathi kwamatshe. Ngakho-ke igama lezinhlobo - itshe le-marten. Ngaphezu isikhala phakathi kwamatshe, lo marten angasebenzisa izidleke zezinyoni ezinkulu ezilahliwe noma ezinqotshwe.

Lesi silo sihlukanisa yonke indawo yokukhosela ezindaweni lapho ungalala khona futhi uhlale ngaphandle kwesimo sezulu, nezindawo lapho ungakha khona umhume. Kwesinye isikhathi imiqondo le iyahlangana, kepha izimo zedokhumenti kumele zikhetheke.

Ama-Martens ayizilwane ezinokuziphatha okusobala kwezwe. Ukuze ugcine isiza, kufanele sibiyelwe. Ama-Martens, njengazo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo, enza lokhu ngephunga. Amamaki ayizinto ezinephunga ezivezwa yi-anal gland. Ukwakhiwa kwemingcele yephunga kuyadingeka, okokuqala, ukuze uboshwe kude nabantu bobulili obuhlukile. Izindawo zabantu besilisa nabesifazane zingadlula.

Imvamisa abesilisa banesakhiwo sabo kunabesifazane. Ubungako bezindawo buncike emandleni womuntu ngamunye hhayi ukufaka amamaki kwiziqalo zesakhiwo, kodwa futhi nokufakazela ilungelo lazo kule ndawo. Umuntu omkhulu anganqoba indawo enkulu.

Kunokwehluka ngosayizi wesayithi nezinkathi zonyaka. Ebusika, izinkundla zabantu ngamunye zingaba ingxenye ephakathi nehlobo. Indawo encane yasebusika kulula ukuyivikela ezimweni zeqhwa elijulile nokudla okuningi.

UMarten nomuntu: izici zokuxhumana

Ubudlelwano phakathi kwabantu nezilwane bungahluka kakhulu. Izidlakudla zingaba yingozi eqondile empilweni yabantu noma ezilwaneni zasepulazini. Kulokhu, ama-martens endaweni ethile ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba azama ukuhlala kude nezindawo zokuhlala. Azibeki engcupheni empilweni nasekuphileni komuntu, ngaphandle kwalesi simo lapho umuntu uqobo ephoqa isilwane esimpofu ukuthi sizivikele futhi sivikele inzalo yakhe.

Vele, kunethuba lokuthi ebondleni ubusika isilwane siyocwila singene kule nkukhu siyise inkukhu siyise ehlathini eliminyene. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuyivelakancane kakhulu.

Kukholelwa ukuthi i-marten yamatshe ivame ukuhlasela imikhovu yenkukhu kunesihlobo sayo sasehlathini. Mhlawumbe lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo lezi zinhlobo inani lamagundane nezinye izilwane ezincane nezinyoni lincane kakhulu kunasehlathini elixubekile le-Eurasia.

Kunencazelo eyodwa eyengeziwe yokuthi ama-martens eza lapho umuntu ehlala khona, agcina izimpahla zakhe futhi aqukethe izilwane ezifuywayo. Lokhu kungukubhujiswa kwendawo yemvelo yalezi zilwane.

Amahlathi ancipha emizini emincane. Ngaso leso sikhathi, indawo ehlathini ehlangene ehlupheka kakhulu, lapho imbumbulu isakuthola khona ukudla okwanele nendawo yokuhlala. Ukudubula nentuthuko, empeleni, kuyonakalisa kakhulu indawo yokuhlala yemvelo yenkolo. Kodwa-ke, i-pyrogenic factor ingabonakala njengeyonakalisayo kunazo zonke.

Ukugibela imililo kucekela phansi izihlahla ngokuphelele, kwakha utshani noma ama-shrubbery ehlathini. Kulezi zimo, ama-pine martens angeke aphile. Ukusinda izilwane, uma zingenandawo yokufuduka, zama ukondla, ukuzala nobusika emlotheni. Ngenxa yalokhu, baphoqeleka ukuhambela amakhaya abantu, okuvame nokuthi kuphele ngabo.

Uma imililo ingaphansi kotshani (utshani, udoti, izihlahlana, ukusha okungaphansi) futhi imvamisa, izihlahla zithola i-pyrotrauma. Ngemuva kweminyaka eminingana yokuvezwa komlilo, umuthi ungavutha futhi uwe. Ngakho-ke imililo eqhutshwa njalo yotshani iholela emiphumeleni efanayo nemililo yamahhashi. Inqubo kuphela ehamba kancane. Kuma-martens nezinye izilwane zomuthi, kunomphumela owodwa kuphela - ukufa kusuka kungondli, ukufudukela emahlathini angakashiswa, nokuhlaselwa kwemigqomo enothile eyenziwe ngabantu.

Isiphetho silula - ungabhubhisi i-marten biotope futhi izodlula ezindlini zakho. Lesi silwane sithanda ukuhlala emahlathini aminyene asehlathini, lapho kukhona okungondla khona nokuthi singacasha kuphi. Mshiyele izihlahlana ezinjalo futhi ngeke abe nentshisekelo endlini yakho.

Ukunaka, NAMUHLA!

Isilwane esifuyayo esinoboya obude obude obuvela emndenini we-marten kanye ne-genus marten sibizwa ngokuthi yi-pine marten. Ngenye indlela, ibizwa nangokuthi i-yellowfish. Pine marten oblong futhi unomusa.

Umsila wakhe obalulekile futhi muhle we-fluffy unobukhulu obungaphezu kwengxenye yobude bomzimba. Umsila awusebenzi kuphela njengokuhlobisa kwalesi silo, ngosizo lwalo marten ukuphatha ukulinganisela lapho ugxuma futhi ngenkathi ugibela izihlahla.

Imilenze yayo emifushane ibonakala ngokuthi izinyawo zazo zimbozwe ngoboya ukufika kwamakhaza ebusika, okusiza isilwane ukuba sihambisane kalula neqhwa neqhwa. Kule imilenze emine kuneminwe eyisihlanu, enemacaba egobile.

Zingadonswa ngesigamu. Isibalo somfela sibanzi futhi siphakeme. Isilwane sinomhlathi onamandla namazinyo abukhali e-mega. Izindlebe zomfelokazi zinxantathu, zilingana uma zihlobene nesiqalo. Ngaphezulu ziyindilinga futhi ngokuhlanganiswa okuphuzi.

Ikhala libukhali, limnyama. Amehlo amnyama; ebusuku umbala wawo uphenduka ubomvu. I-Forest marten esithombeni kushiya okuvelayo okuhle. Kubukeka njengesidalwa esimnene nesingenangozi ngokubukeka okungenacala. Umbala omuhle nekhwalithi yoboya be-marten buyamangaza.

Kusuka esifubeni esikhanyayo nge-yellowness kuya ku-brown. Endaweni engemuva, ekhanda nasemilenzeni, izinwele zihlala zimnyama ukwedlula endaweni yesisu nezinhlangothi. Isihloko somsila wesilwane cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi simnyama.

Isici esiyingqayizivele marten kuzo zonke ezinye izinhlobo marten umbala umbala ophuzi noma owolintshi endaweni yentamo, edlulela ngale kwemilenze yangaphambili. Kulokhu kwavela igama lesibili lomfel 'ukholo - isidalwa esiphuzi.

Amapharamitha wesisulu esifana nemingcele yesilinganiso esikhulu. Ubude bomzimba 34-57 cm.Umsila ubude be-17-16 cm. Abesifazane bavame ukuba ngama-30% ngaphansi kwabesilisa.

Izici nendawo yokuhlala kaphayiwe marten

Yonke indawo ehlathini ye-Eurasia inabantu abaningi kakhulu abamele lolu hlobo. AmaMartens ahlala ehlathini ensimini enkulu. Zitholakala ezindaweni ezisukela eGreat Britain kuya eNtshonalanga, eCaucasus naseziqhingini zaseMedithera, eCorsica, eSicily, eSardinia, e-Iran nase-Asia Minor.

Isilwane sithanda uhlobo lwamahlathi axubile futhi aqobayo, okuvame ukuba ngama-conifers. Kuyaqabukela, imbumbulu kwesinye isikhathi ihlala phezulu ezintabeni, kodwa kuphela kulezo zindawo lapho kukhona izihlahla.

Isilwane sithanda izindawo ezinezihlahla ezinezimbobo. Endaweni evulekile kungaphuma kuphela ukuzingela. Izindawo ezinamadwala omfela ziyindawo engafanele; uyazigwema.

Akukho ndawo ezinzile enganeni ephuzi. Uphephela ezihlahleni endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-6, emigodini, ezidlekeni ezilahliwe, emifantwini nasezindongeni zomoya. Ezindaweni ezinjalo, isilwane siyama ukuphumula kosuku.

Ngokufika kokuhlwa, umhlaseli uqala ukuzingela, futhi emva kokuba esephephele kwenye indawo. Kepha ngokuqala kwesithwathwa esinzima, isimo sempilo yakhe singashintsha, umfelazi isikhathi eside uhlala endaweni yokukhosela, edla ukudla okugcinwe ngaphambilini. U-pine marten uzama ukuhlala kude nabantu.

Izithombe zikaMarten baphoqeleka ukuthi bayibuke ngamehlo nemizwa kanye nesifiso esithile esingenakuphikwa sokuthatha isilwane ngezandla bayishaye. Lapho abazingela ngokwengeziwe bethola ubisi obalulekile lwalezi zilwane futhi luncane indawo yehlathi enezimo ezinhle zomfelisi, kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe kubo ukuba baphile futhi bazale. UMarten eRussia ngisabheka uhlobo lokuhweba olubalulekile ngenxa yenani loboya balo.

Isimilo nendlela yokuphila

I-pine marten ithanda ukuhlala nokuzingela izihlahla ukwedlula bonke abanye abamele uhlobo lwayo. Ukhuphuka kalula iziqu zabo. Umsila wakhe uyamsiza ukuthi akwazi ukubhekana nalokhu, usebenza njengemfela, isondo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ipharashute, sibonga kuye ukuthi isilwane sigxumela phansi ngaphandle kwemiphumela.

Iziqongo zezihlahla ze-marten empeleni azesabeki, zihamba kalula ukusuka kwelinye igatsha ziye kwelinye futhi zingagxuma amamitha amane. Emhlabeni, naye uyagxuma. Ubhukuda ngobuchule, kepha akwenzi kuyaqabukela.

Esithombeni imfinya kaphayini kugoba

Lesi isilwane esikhohlisayo futhi esisheshayo. Kungasibekela ngokushesha ibanga elide. Umqondo wakhe wephunga, umbono nokuzwa usezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu, elisiza kakhulu ekushiseni. Ngokwemvelo yayo, iyisilwane esihlekisayo nesinelukuluku. Phakathi kwabo, ama-martens axhumana nabahlanza kanye nama-gerls, futhi umsindo ofana ne-twitter uvela ezinganeni.

Lalela ukuchelelwa kukaphayini ogwinya

Habitat

Umuntu walolu hlobo lokuzalela ihlala ikakhulukazi emahlathini ama-beech . Ezifundeni zase Polesie, emahlathini axubile, lesi silwane sitholakala kaningi. I-pine marten iyakwazi ukuphila ngisho nasezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu zezintaba, ukuphakama kwayo kungamamitha ayi-1800 ngaphezu kolwandle.

Indawo eyintandokazi yokuhlala kwabamele lezinhlobo ibhekwa njengamahlathi, engathandwa ngabantu. Isivunguvungu somoya kanye nesimbobo ezihlahleni ezindala kusiza ummbila wepayini ukucasha ebungozini, thola indawo efudumele ebusika nokuphumula nje.

Izilwane azihlali endaweni eyodwa . Banamathela endleleni yokuphila eyinqaba ukuze baphumule phakathi nosuku, lesi silwane sithola umgodi ofanelekile ophakeme futhi silala ngaphambi kobumnyama. Isilwane sizingela ikakhulukazi ebusuku , ntambama cishe akunakwenzeka ukuhlangana.

Abamele le nhlobo bahlala bodwa. . Umuntu ngamunye wabelwa ngasese indawo ethile yensimu, ebekwa uphawu yizilwane ngokucophelela. Indawo yabesifazane incane kakhulu kunensimu yabesilisa, kwesinye isikhathi imingcele ingahlangana.

Endle, lolu hlobo lwamadlozi luhlangana nezitha eziningi. Kuyisiko ukuxhumana nabo :

Ngubani ukuzingela okusebenzayo?

I-Sable, etholakala kwi-taiga yaseSiberia, ngaphezu kwendabuko yokudla yawo wonke ama-martens, ama-hunce grouse kanye ne-capercaillie. Kodwa-ke, iningi lokudla kwakhe kwakhiwa ama-pikas (senostavki) kanye nama-squirrels - njalo ngonyaka aqothula ngale ndlela cishe ngezigidi eziningana zalezi zilwane zasehlathini.

Izinhlobo eziningi zama-martens

Martens (kusuka kuLat. Martes) - uhlobo lwezilwane ezincelisayo ezisuka kumndeni womndeni (uMartelidae). Ngokuya ngobubanzi, izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane kanye nezinsizwa ezihlukanisiwe, kufaka phakathi umndeni wama-marsupial martens. E-Russia kukhona ama-charza, amatshe kanye ne-pine marten, asable. Ukuze uthole uboya, kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zalesi silwane - ihlathi namatshe okwenziwa ngamatshe. AmaMartens ahlala eYurophu, ingxenye yaseYurophu yeRussia, iNtshonalanga yeSiberia, iChina, iMongolia, iNtshonalanga Asia.

I-American Marten (Martes americana)

U-Ilka (Martes pennanti), noma uPecan

Stone Marten (Martes foina)

Marten (Martes martes)

Nilgir Harza (Martes gwatkinsii)

I-Sable (Martes zibellina)

Harza (Martes flavigula)

IJapan Marten (Martes melampus)

American Marten - rarity

I-American marten (lat. Martes americana) iyinhlobo engandile yomndeni wama-marten. Ngaphandle nje kufana ne-marten pine, yehluka kuphela ezinyaweni ezinkulu kanye nesiqalo esilula. Indawo yokuhlala komfel 'ukholo aseMelika yi-Alaska, Canada, North America. Indawo lapho kuhlala khona marten waseMelika ihlathi elidala elixubile futhi elixubile.

Imbila yaseMelika inomzimba omude, ocwebezelayo, noboya obuthambile, obukhulu futhi obukhazimulayo, obusuka kumbala ukusuka ophuzi ophuzi kuya obomvana ngokubomvu. Intamo yesilwane iphuzi, nomsila kanye nemilenze onsundu. Esihlokweni kukhona izintambo ezimbili ezimnyama ezisebenza zibheke emehlweni. Umsila omude we-fluffy ungxenye yesithathu yobude besilwane sonke. Ummbila unezinsika ezingamaphethelo ezinesiqingatha ezisebenza lula ukugibela izihlahla, kanye nezinyawo ezinkulu, ezifanele ezindaweni ezinamaqhwa amaningi.

Ukuzingela nokugawulwa kwamahlathi kuholele ekulahlekelweni kwendawo yokuhlala, futhi ngenxa yalokho ukwehla kwenani labantu. Njengamanje, i-marten yaseMelika isiqalile ngokwayo ukulawula inani labantu futhi akukho ukusongela kokuqothulwa. Ama-martens amaningi aseMelika afela ezigibeni zorabi. I-marten yaseMelika iyisitha sezilwane ezihweba - ama-squirrels kanye nonogwaja. Bazingela ama-martens ngenxa yoboya bawo obalulekile. Phambilini, bebekhokha u- $ 100 ngesikhumba, kepha manje intengo ingu- $ 12- $ 20 ngesikhumba.

I-Ilka - uhlobo olukhulu kunazo zonke lwe-marten

INorth American pine marten angler (Martes pennanti) nayo yaziwa ngamagama athi Fisher (English), Pecan (French), Ilka (Russian), American kanye neVirgin Pole. Umfel 'ukholo uthole igama elithi "umdobi" kusuka olimini lwesiNgisi - "ukudoba", ukuvumelana ne "fichet" yaseFrance.

U-Ilka uhlala emahlathini amakhulu aseNyakatho Melika, ukusuka ezintabeni zaseSierra Nevada eCalifornia kuya ezintabeni zase-Appalachian eNtshonalanga Virginia. Prefers ihlathi ze-taiga ngenqwaba yezihlahla eziyize. Ebusika, kuvame ukuhlala emiseleni, kwesinye isikhathi ukubabumba eqhweni. Ama-Ilki avumelana nezimo futhi ashesha, ukugibela izihlahla ngokugugile, abagibeli abahle kakhulu, kodwa ngokuvamile ahamba phansi.

Isidlakela esimnandi somndeni ovela emndenini omkhulu we-marten. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi bakubiza ngokuthi umdobi ongumdobi, udla izinhlanzi ngokungabaza, kuyaqabukela. U-Ilka uyilungu elikhulu lomndeni we-marten, ubude bomzimba obunomsila 75-120 cm. Ukubonakala kwe-ilka kufana ne-weasel - umzimba omude onemilenze emifushane, lapho iminwe emihlanu enezandla ezeluliwe, ikhanda elicacile nelunxantathu, izindlebe ezincane ezinde emqheleni , umsila obukhulu nobushelelezi.

Isilwane sinombala onsundu onsundu, uboya ekhanda, entanyeni kanye namahlombe nge-tint yesiliva, ama-paws kanye nomsila kumnyama noma kumnyama. Isici esiyingqayizivele se-ilka indawo emhlophe noma enokhilimu omhlophe endaweni yezitho zangasese. Ijazi lide, likhulu futhi liqinile. Uboya emhlane bufika ku-3 cm, esifubeni kuze kufike ku-7 cm ubude.

U-Ilka ungumhlaseli oyingqayizivele wezilwane, esinye sezilwane ezimbalwa ezisebenzisa i-porcupine. Idla kwenye inyamazane - amagundane, ama-chipmunks, ama-squirrels, ama hares. U-Ilka unezitha ezimbalwa, ikakhulukazi indoda. U-Ilka uyisihloko sokuzingela ngenxa yombala omuhle onsundu omnyama ngokugcwala kwe-silvery "yengubo yoboya".

I-Furriers ithokozela uboya obuhlukile be-ilka: i-motley elukhuni, inqwaba ephansi entanyeni esuka esiphambanweni kuya ekuhlanganeni iba mnyama, iphakeme ngokubukeka komfel 'ukholo. Akukho noya olulodwa olunomphumela ofanayo. Ezikhunjeni ezinkulu, inqwaba imbi kunokhahlo. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zomthungo zithuthukiswa kusuka ku-ilka yoboya - amajazi oboya, amajazi amafushane amafushane, izimbotshana, amashowu wokunquma. Ngenxa yezindleko eziphakeme zoboya, kuyivelakancane ukuthola umkhiqizo ovela ku-ilka, ikakhulukazi emakhunjini kuphela naseqoqweni labakhiqizi abaziwayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokukhishwa kwe-fur ilka, ehlala eNyakatho Melika kuphela.

Stone Mountain Marten

I-marten yetshe, noma i-white-breasted noma intaba (evela eLatini Martes foina) isilwane esidla izambane likapondo kusuka emndenini kaMarten (Mustelidae). Stone marten uhlala iningi leEurasia. Uhla lwayo lokusatshalaliswa lusuka ePeninsula yase-Iberia iye eMongolia naseHimalaya. Yiyona mbumbulu evame ukwedlula yonke eYurophu futhi iyona kuphela uhlobo lwe-marten, ayesabi ukuhlala eduze kwabantu. I-Stick marten, ithanda amanxiwa ezindlu ezindala nezisekelo zamatshe zezakhiwo zamapulazi, ingahlala ezindaweni ezivulekile, emaqeleni, emaxhaphozini asehlathini nasogwadule, ezindaweni ezigcwele izintaba.

I-marten yamatshe inekhanda elikhulu nesigaxa esikhombe kancane. Umzimba uvumelana nezimo, mude futhi umncanyana. Amaphaphu amafushane ngeminwe emihlanu kuhwashi ngalunye, ukugoqa okungabuyiswa. Izinyawo zivuliwe. Umsila mude, umbozwe izinwele ezihlanganayo, izindlebe ezinkulu zinxantathu ngesimo. Udwayizi lwamatshe luba noboya obuluhlaza. Umbala oyinhloko we-marten yamatshe ngu-brown-brown. Emphinjeni kukhona indawo emhlophe yomphimbo omhlophe, ngendlela yehhashi, engafinyelela emaphondweni angaphambili. Umbala wasebusika, umbala onsundu oshunqa onsundu ngombala okhanyayo okhanyayo, unikeza ubuntu obukhethekile eboyeni bohlobo lwe-marten. Ehlobo nasekwindla, uboya be-marten bumnyama kakhulu, bufushane futhi abubandi kangako.

Sebenzisa izikhumba zasebusika nasentwasahlobo zamatshe okwenziwa ngamatshe, lapho uboya bukhona, luhlaka olubukhali, nejazi elide, uma liqhathaniswa nehlobo nokwindla. I-Fur of marten yamatshe isetshenziswa ngendlela yayo yemvelo, ipendiwe kakhulu. Amajazi ama-Fur, amajazi amafushane amafushane ayethungwe kusuka ku-marten eyenziwe ngamatshe, amakholeji asikiwe, izigqoko nezigqoko.

Ihlathi Noble Marten

I-pine marten, noma i-yellow-head, noma ethambile (kusuka kuLat. Martes martes) uhlobo lwezilwane ezincelisayo ezivela emndenini we-marten (Mustelidae). Kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa nge- "marten enhle", ngenxa yekhwalithi nezakhiwo zoboya. Ihlala eYurophu nasezingxenyeni zasentshonalanga ze-Asia. Uhla luqala kusuka eziqhingini zaseBrithani luya e-Western Siberia futhi eningizimu ukusuka eMedithera kuya eCaucasus nase-Elburz. I-pine marten (i-baum marten) ihlala ezihlahleni, emahlathini acwengile futhi axutshwe. Idla izinyoni, izinduku (ama-squirrels), idla amaqanda ezinyoni.

Ikhanda le-pine marten lincane, ngesibaya esiveziwe, izindlebe ezinamaphawu ayindilinga. Amacala abukhali kakhulu, agobile, ahlotshaniswa nokuphila okungamanyala. Umzimba we-pine marten uphakeme ngemilenze emfishane nezinwele ezinyaweni. Umsila mude futhi uyindilinga, umsebenzi wawo ukugcina ibhalansi lapho ugibela futhi weqa. Ekhanda kunezindlebe ezingunxantathu ohlukaniswe umucu ophuzi, ikhala limnyama. Ubude bomzimba busuka ku-45 kuya ku-58 cm, ubude bomsila busuka ku-16 kuye ku-28 cm, kanti isisindo sisuka ku-0.8 kuya ku-1.8 kg. Abesilisa bavame ukusinda ngama-30% kunabesifazane.

I-pine marten inezinwele eziwugqinsi, eziwugqinsi, ezithambile futhi ezinamafutha amancane, ibala elishiwo entanyeni nomsila omude. Ngokuphathelene ne-spnse awn, ungqimba olugqinsiwe lunikeza isikhumba ukubukeka okuthile. Uboya obusika bude buthambile futhi buthukile. Ehlobo, u-pine marten uboya bakhe buba mfushane futhi buqine. Ubovu be-marten kaphayini upendwe ngesigaxa esifubeni noma ngombala onsundu omnyama, obomvu-esifubeni ngesihlanganisi esimpunga. Umhlane, ikhanda nesisu kunombala ofanayo. Izikhumba namaphethelo emsila kumnyama, izindlebe zinokukhanya okukhanyayo eceleni, entanyeni nasempheni ophansi wentamo - kukhulu okunendawo yomphimbo ophuzi obomvana.

Izinhlobo zama-pine martens, ezitholakala ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zensimu enkulu yeRussia, zinezici eziningi ezihlukile. Kulokhu, zonke izikhumba zihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana ze-martens: Kuban, maphakathi, ntshonalanga, enyakatho, Murmansk, Ural.

Ngaphezu kwezinhlobonhlobo, izikhumba zikaphayini we-marten zihlukaniswe izigaba ezine zemibala:

Luhlaza okotshani. Uboya ngombala obomvu we-chestnut ngaphandle kwamathoni abomvu. Phansi kungwevu okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezansi futhi kungwevu okuphezulu phezulu.

Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Uboya bumsongo. Phansi kungwevu.

Isihlabathi esimnyama. Uboya bunjengesihlabathi esinsundu noma esimnyama, kukhona i-hue ebomvu, ikakhulukazi iningi layo ezinhlangothini zesikhumba. Phansi ezansi kunompunga, futhi emaphethelweni kukhona isihlabathi esikhanyayo.

Isihlabathi. Uboya bumsundu okhanyayo ngombala ophuzi ophuzi. Phansi kungwempunga ezansi, kuphuzi eziqongweni.

Okubaluleke kakhulu yizikhumba ezinobomvu ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izikhumba zikaMarten zivame ukudwetshwa ngokukhethekile. Kulokhu, uhlelo lombala lusetshenziswa ngokufanayo nemikhiqizo evela ku-sable. Isetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwezingubo nezigqoko. Imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngezinto ezinjalo ijabulisa kakhulu uma uthinta, i-villi igeleza uqobo lwangempela.

U-Nilgir Harza - isisulu esiyinqaba

I-Nilgir harza (Latin Martes gwatkinsii) isilwane esidla izambane likapondo somndeni kaMustelidae. Omunye wabamele abakhulu kakhulu futhi enemibala ekhanyayo ye-genus marten, kanye ne-harza (Martes flavigula). Ukuphela kwezinhlobo zomfela ezitholakala eSouth India. Lihlala emagqumeni aseNalgiri nase Ntshonalanga Ghats.

Indawo yokuhlala kwesibhakabhaka se-Nilgirian marten is a deciduous, evergreen evergreen (ikhofi, i-Cardamom, izihlahla ze-acacia) kanye namahlathi emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo. Ihlala emagqumeni ukusuka ku-600 kuye ku-1400 m ngaphezu kolwandle. Gwema izindawo ezivulekile.

Ukudida i-Nilgir charza nabanye abameleli bohlobo cishe akunakwenzeka. Ukuba nsundu okumnyama phezulu nokufakwa umbala ophuzi-owolintshi esifubeni nasentanyeni, kungenye yabamele imibala enhlobonhlobo yohlobo lwe-marten genus.

I-Nilgirian marten inyamazane ebamba inyamazane izingela izinyoni ezincane, izinduku (ama-squirrel amaNdiya, amagundane anezinyawo ezimhlophe), izinambuzane (ama-cicadas), izidalwa eziphindaphindayo

I-Nilgirian marten iyisilo esiyivelakancane. Izinhlobo lezi zibhalwe ku-International Red Book naku CITES Convention (Isithasiselo III). Inani labantu liyaqhubeka nokuhla ngenxa yokulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala. Igwema ubukhona bomuntu.

Harza - Ngakude Motley Marten

I-Kharza, noma i-marten enobisi ophuzi, noma i-Ussuri marten (Martes flavigula) isilwane esidla izambane likapondo somndeni womfel 'ukholo. Ummeleli omkhulu kunabo bonke, owakheke kakhulu ekwakhekeni komzimba futhi onemibala ekhanyayo yohlobo lwe-marten, ngesinye isikhathi abe yedwa kuhlobo oluhlukile.

Ezintanjeni ze-Amur-Ussuri Territory yaseRussia, i-charza ivela emazweni aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ngoba ingxenye enkulu yohlu lwayo ihlanganisa iziqhingi zeGreat Sunda, iPhalamende laseMalacca, i-Indochina, ezansi kweNhlonhlo yeHimalayas, China kanye neNhlonhlo yeKorea. Indawo yokuhlala eyodwa eyaziwa eningizimu ye-Indian subcontinent.

I-Kharza iyisilo esivamile samahlathi ama-coniferous futhi axubile. Ukulungiselela ukuhlala emithambekeni yezintaba nangasemifuleni yemifula. EMyanmar, kuhlala izixhaphozi, nasePakistan - ogwadule, izintaba ezingenamsebenzi. Inakekela ikakhulu emhlabathini, yize igibela izihlahla ngokuphelele. Ugijima ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi ugxuma usuka esihlahleni uye esihlahleni, wenza sifinyelele kumamitha amane.

Ubude bomzimba obungu-55-80 cm, umsila ngo-35-44 cm, isisindo kufika ku-5.7 kg. Esentanyeni ende kuhlala ikhanda elincane elinesihlakala esikhombe hhayi izindlebe ezinkulu kakhulu. Umzimba uphakeme, unemisipha, uguquguquka kakhulu, imilenze emifushane eqinile enezinyawo ezibanzi. Umsila u-fluffy. Uboya bakhona kunama-coarse, amafushane, acwebezelayo. Ihlobo lobuhlobo lifushane futhi liqinile kunobusika, bumnyama, ikakhulukazi emuva. Ngisho nasebusika, uboya be-charza bufushane, bubushelelezi, buyacwebezela, abulukhuni.

Ihlukaniswa yi-multicolor, imibala enemibala. Imibala ye-charz encane imhlophe futhi ilula, ikakhulukazi emuva. Ingaphezulu lekhanda nesihlakala se-charza kupende mnyama, umhlathi ophansi umhlophe. Ijazi lomphimbo nasesifubeni liphuzi ngokugqamile, emzimbeni linombala onsundu wegolide, mnyama kumnyama kwi-oblium, nasemilenzeni umnyama onsundu. Umsila onsundu.

I-Kharza ingesinye sezidlamlilo ezinamandla kakhulu ezingafinyeleleki ze-Ussuri taiga. Idla izinduku, izintethe, imollusks, hares nezinyoni. Kwesinye isikhathi ihlasela amathole amancanyana angabalingisi - izingulube zasendle, inyamazane yaseManchuri, i-elk, inyamazane yodoti, inyamazane yedwala, kanye nesikungu. Imvamisa ihlasela izinja ze-rocaon, izikhulumi kanye nemikhonto. Amajikijolo namantongomane ephayiphu adliwa ngamanani amancane, futhi aphathwe izinyosi zezinyosi. Kepha inyamazane ekhethelwa kunazo zonke kuKharza inyamazane yedlozi.

Inani lentengiso le-charza lincane kakhulu, ngoba alinqabile, futhi isikhumba salo esinolaka asinalusizo lwalutho. IKharza iyivelakancane esifundeni saseRussia; okwamanje ayifuneki. Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi nokwanda komhlaba wezolimo kuya ngokuya kunciphisa insimu efanelekayo impilo yalesi silwanyana esihlaselayo, futhi iya ngokuya incipha. Kufakwe ku-Annex III kwi-Convention on International Trade in Endangered Izinhlobo of Fauna and Flora (CITES). Kubhalwe kuhlu oluthi "Uhlu lwezinto zomhlaba wezilwane ezidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile esimweni sabo esimweni semvelo."

Umfelokazi waseJapan isihlobo esimpofu

Umfela waseJapan, noma ngingumuntu waseJapan (i-Latin Martes melampus), luhlobo lwezilwane ezincelisayo eziqhamuka emndenini wakwaMustelidae. Ama-martens aseJapan ekuqaleni ayehlala eJapan eziqhingini ezintathu eziseningizimu zaseHonshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Tsushima, naseKorea. Ukuze uthole uboya ngo-1949 kwalethwa eziqhingini zaseJapan zaseHokkaido naseSado. Ihlala emahlathini anqobayo futhi anama-coniffort, amasimu avulekile. I-marten yaseJapan ikhuphuka ibe ngu-1800 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle.

Umbala woboya bomsuka waseJapan uhluka kusuka kokuphuzi-nsundu kuya onsundu omnyama, kukhona ibala elimhlophe entanyeni nasemuva kwekhanda. Inomzimba ojwayelekile ophakeme we-martens, imilenze emifushane nomsila omfushane. Ubude bomzimba kusuka ku-47 kuya ku-54 cm, umsila kusuka ku-17 kuya ku-23 cm.

I-marten yaseJapan iyisihlobo esimpofu emndenini we-marten. AmaJapan ayawubonga lo boya ngombala wawo ophuzi ogqamile, okufanekisela ukukhanya nelanga kuwo. Leli furhu alinamabala ombala. Ngemuva kokudweba, isikhumba siphenduka sibe yi-ink-ibala futhi i-charm yayo ephuzi inyamalala ngokuphelele. Uboya abubizi kakhulu futhi cishe abukaze busetshenziswe embonini.

Ama-martens aseJapan azingelwa ngenxa yoboya bawo, noma kunjalo, ezinye izakhamuzi (eHokkaido naseTsushima) zivikelwe ngokuphelele. I-marten yaseJapan ibanjelwa uboya bayo obalulekile kusuka ngo-December 1 kuya kuJanuwari 31 yonke indawo ebangeni, ngaphandle kweziqhingi zaseHokkaido naseTsushima, lapho kuvikelwa khona futhi kuvikelwe umthetho. Okuvamile kuma-Tsushima subspecies M. m. i-tsuensis isengcupheni ngokusho kwe-WSOP. Ucwaningo lofuzo lukhombisa ukuthi uM. Melampus wahlukaniswa noMartes zibellina njengesidalwa esizimele eminyakeni engaba yizigidi eziyi-1,8 edlule.

Inani lokuthengisa lama-martens

Ukunikeza uboya obukhulu bekhwalithi ephezulu, ama-martens aphakathi kwezilwane ezibalulekile zoboya. Engxenyeni enkulu yendawo abahlala kuyo, ama-martens ambalwa ngenani, ngakho-ke ukuzingela kwawo akuvunyelwe futhi ukukhishwa kwawo ku-oda elilinganiselwe. Umthamo wamalungiselelo wezezimboni marten mncane kakhulu.Amaqembu aphethwe endalini akavamile ukwedlula izikhumba ezingama-500, iningi lazo ezithengiswa ngasese ngabazingeli abazingelayo.

Abazingeli babezingela futhi bezingela ama-martens ngezicupho nangezinye izindiza, kodwa ongoti bezokuzingela kade bathola ukuthi izikhumba zezilwane ezitholwe ngale ndlela cishe ziphansi ngamaphesenti angama-50 kunalezo ezitholwe inja. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izidumbu zikamfelwa ezibulewe ezigqekweni zonakaliswa ngamagundwane nezinyoni ezifana negundane.

Ngezinsuku zakudala, kwakukhona abazingeli ababekwazi ukuxosha imbumbulu egijimayo imiqhele yesihlahla amakhilomitha amaningi, beyilandela ezinyathelweni zeqhwa ewa emagatsheni. Manje cishe azikho izingcweti ezinjalo, futhi umfel 'ukholo ubanjiswa kakhulu.

UMarten fur yi-hypoallergenic

Inzuzo eyinhloko ye-marten yi-fur yayo esebenzayo futhi ephezulu, izindleko zazo, uma ziqhathaniswa namanye ama-furs, ziphansi kakhulu futhi zingabizi. Lokhu okuqukethwe kufudumele, kunokugqokwa futhi kubukeka kukuhle. Imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngoboya be-marten igqoke kakhulu, ngoba uboya be-marten bunesikhumba esingaphansi esilukhuni. Impilo yenkonzo yoboya bokufelwayo okungenani izinkathi eziyisikhombisa. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, uboya be-marten belusetshenziswa kabanzi ukuthunga izingubo ezifudumele.

Ifanelwe yibo bobabili amajazi amade namabhantshi amafushane amahle woboya noma amabhantshi amahle. Ungathunga izigqoko, amabhulukwe, okokugqoka okuvela emthonjeni, ukugoqa izambatho zangaphandle, ukhola we-marten kanye namajazi we-karakul fur.

Ngokuvamile, i-fashionista yesimanje, i-wool fur ingenye yezinketho ezinhle kakhulu, zombili ebuhleni nasekugqokeni, futhi ngokuya ngamanani nekhwalithi. Ngempela, imikhiqizo e-marten ayigcini ngokugcizelela ubuhle bodwa, kodwa futhi ingabuyisela amasheya abiza kakhulu. Amajazi ama-Fur, ama-scarves, ama-marten stoles - lokhu kuyikhwalithi enhle kakhulu, kufudumele kunoma yisiphi isimo sezulu, kuyizinto ezibonakalayo zabantu abadlula ngendlela, kuyithemba lakho ukuheha kwakho, nokunganqikazi.

Isici esingahlukaniyo soboya be-marten yi-hypoallergenicity yayo. I-Pile inesakhiwo esingena komoya omuhle, ngenxa yalokho izinhlayiya zothuli ezibangela ukungahambi kahle kungangeni kuzo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngisho nabantu abaningi bathambekele kulwelwe bangazijabulisa ngomkhiqizo woboya noma nge-marten fur trim, ngaphandle kokwesaba ukusabela okungathandeki.

Inani lomlando woboya be marten

E-Russia, u-marten fur kade wabaluleka kokhokho bethu. Izikhumba zikaKunya zazisetshenziselwa ukuhweba, ukukhokha intela, ukushintshaniswa kwezimpahla zaphesheya nesilivere yase-Arabhu, kusetshenziswe ngenye indlela ngemali negolide. Ekuqaleni, ama-kunas ayebizwa ngokuthi izinqwaba zoboya zenani elithile, bese kuthiwa iyunithi yemali, bese kuthi imali iyonke. E-Russia yasendulo, isikhumba se-marten sasebenza njengeyunithi yemali - i-kun eyodwa.

Ama-Cuny furs ashiwo enkondlweni edumile yase-Russian yase-Russian ethi "Izwi mayelana ne-Igor's Regiment" ngokuthi "izin furs of the honour". Izikhulu, izinsizwa kanye nabanye abamele izikhulu zazigqokisa izembatho zazo ezifelile. Ijazi le-kunya fur noma umphetho wekhabethe lalingatholakali kalula kumlimi olula noma ingcweti, futhi akubona bonke abathengisi ababengakukhokhela. Ababhali bamaGrikhi basendulo basebenzise igama elifanayo lomsuka weSlavic ukuqamba izembatho zoboya babantu abahlala enyakatho yabo.

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, umkhondo wonke we-omens nezinkolelo-ze ubelokhu ululalela ngemuva kokufelwa, kudala kuthathwa njengesilwane esibonayo kusengaphambili. Njengomfazi, kungumkhosi wezehlakalo ezijabulile nezikhanyayo.

Ihlathi likhaya lezilwane eziningi ezahlukene. Izilwane ezihlaselayo, izilwane ezincelisayo, izinyoni, izilwane ezihuquzelayo - kude nohlu oluphelele lwezakhamuzi zasehlathini. Ubuhle behlathi, bugqoke ijazi lobuhle obuqabile umbala woju lwezinyosi, lubizwa ngokuthi i- marten. Ibizwa nangokuthi i-yellowbird.

Ingabe ama-martens adla amaprotheni?

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abanye ochwepheshe bathi uma amaprotheni engatholakali ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo ukholo, khona-ke ama-martens angashiya ngisho nale ndawo yehlathi eyofuna ukudla okufana. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwakamuva olwenziwe yizazi zezilwane nososayensi lusivumela ukuba siphethe ngokuthi ukucabanga ukuthi lokhu akulungile ngokuphelele. Kuphela esifundeni seConiferous taiga ngesikhathi sasebusika, ama-44,5% ama-martens avuniwe akwazi ukuthola izinsalela zama-squirrel esiswini. Ngenkathi ehlobo, umfel 'ukholo ngeke abanake nakancane. Ngakho-ke, akukho ukuxhumana phakathi kwamaprotheni nama-martens nokuthi lokho okuthandwa yi-marten kuthinta ukushintshashintsha kwenani lamaprotheni uqobo. Okuhlukile kungenziwa kuphela lapho isibalo sama-martens siphezulu futhi ukuze bazinikeze ukudla, bangaqala ukubhubhisa amaprotheni. Kuzo zonke ezinye izimo, isizathu sokuntuleka kwamaprotheni (lokhu kuvame ukukhononda ngabazingeli abaya ku-squirrel) izizathu zokuphaka - ukuntuleka kokudla okuyisisekelo kwalesi silwane.

Ukukhulelwa Martens

Ukukhulelwa ekubandakanyekeni kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-236- 237 futhi kuhlukaniswe izikhathi ezi-2. Isikhathi sokuqala sifaka izinsuku ezingama-200 futhi siyinto yokugcina futhi ifihliwe. Ngalesi sikhathi, imibungu empeleni ayikhuli futhi ayikanamatheli ezindongeni zesibeletho. Futhi, nansi inkathi yesibili yentuthuko - ebanzi, ehlala izinsuku ezingama-27-28 kuphela. Futhi, njengomthetho, ngasekupheleni kukaMashi-ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, ukukhulelwa kuyaphela ngokuzala abantwana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwilitha elilodwa kungaba namawundlu angama-1 kuye kwangama-8, kepha iningi lezi yizilwane ezi-4-5. Amalitha amakhulu abonakala kuphela eminyakeni evumayo, esibhale ngayo ngenhla. Kodwa-ke, izinga lokufa kwama-martens amancane lisephezulu impela. Futhi, ngama-39-58% kuphela ama-martens amancane asindayo kuze kube unyaka owodwa. Kuliqiniso, lokhu kuthonywa yizinto ezihambisanayo, futhi hhayi ukubulawa kwasekuqaleni kwalaba bantu abazingelayo abancane.

Ngabe ukholo luhlala kuphi?

Sesibhale ngenhla ukuthi lezi zidlamlilo ezincane azihlali ngaphandle kwehlathi. Kodwa-ke, ukuze umfelokazi uqobo azizwe ezolile futhi eqiniseka ehlathini, udinga indawo yokuhlala enhle. I-pine marten ngokwayo ayizakhi izidleke, kepha ayimelene nokuthatha umgodi we-squirrel, noma ukuphephela eqhweni elinamandla emthonjeni ogcwele udoti noma emgodini wesihlahla esidala. Yebo, ama-martens asagibela izihlahla. Futhi, yize kuze kube muva nje kwakuyisiko ukukholelwa ukuthi lokhu bekungenjalo, kufanelekile ngempela ukufuna iselezi elinjalo. Kuliqiniso, kwezinye izindawo zasendaweni yayo, ngenxa yokuthi asikho isidingo esinjalo, umfelokazi awakhombisi amakhono anjalo ekugibeleni izihlahla. Ukushayela isilwanyana esihlaselayo esihlahleni kungaba yigirigrel - imfene iyisukela, noma inja - icasha esihlahleni lapho iphokophela khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsikazi zivame kakhulu ukwedlula abesilisa.