Inhlanzi ejwayelekile ye-gambusia ibukeka kabi. Amachaphaza amachashaza ne-caudal anezindawo eziningi zobumnyama. Abesifazane bakhumbuza wonke umuntu ngama-guppies adumile, akhule aze afike ku-70 mm ubude futhi afinyelele isisindo sama-gramu ayi-3.5. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kuvela indawo emnyama ebonakalayo eduzane ne-anal fa.

Umzimba wesiduna ungwevu, unamachashazi amnyama angabonakali. Angaphansi ngobude kubesifazane, akhula kuphela ngo-30 mm ubude, futhi athola isisindo esingadluli kumagremu angama-0.4. I-anal fin iguqulwa ibe yi-gonopodia ende, engabonakala kahle esithombeni.

Lezi zinhlanzi ezinhle ziphila isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka emi-2, kanti isilinganiso sabantu besifazane sikhulu. Zi-viviparous futhi ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza amalitha ayisithupha ngenkathi efudumele ngamakhefu phakathi kwenyanga eyodwa.

Indaba yomhambi omncane - iGambusia

I-American American fish gambusia affinis ezimweni zemvelo ihlala ezifundeni zase-Indiana nase-Illinois, lapho kuhlala khona uMfula iMissouri, kanye nemifudlana eminingi nemifudlana eminingi. Le nsimu isiphenduke umgwaqo wokwakhiwa kabusha kwalendalo engenakubekezela emhlabeni wonke.

Kwafika ezingeni lokuthi emazweni amaningi i-gambusia ejwayelekile yathathwa njengezinhlobo ezihlaselayo, futhi uhulumeni wase-Australia wenqabela ukugcinwa nokuthengiswa kwayo, ngoba kwaba nomthelela omubi kakhulu emvelweni yezindawo zokugcina zasendaweni. Kepha ivikela inani lamanye amazwe amaningi ezifweni eziwumalaleveva, yingakho ibizwa ngokuthi inhlanzi yomiyane.

Kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi i-gambusia isize ukubhekana nomalaleveva?

Izinhlanzi zalolu hlobo zidla izibungu namaphayiphu omiyane, iningi lenza lokhu ngemizimba yamanzi enamanzi angagudli futhi notshani obukhulu kakhulu. Ngokubhujiswa komiyane omalaleveva, okokuqala baqala ukuzisebenzisa e-USA, esifundeni saseCalifornia. Futhi ukusuka lapho, izinhlanzi ze-gambusia, ezazithola ngokushesha ukuthandwa, zathuthwa emhlabeni wonke.

• Ikakhulu, ngo-1921 kwaba unyaka wokuqalwa kokunconywa kwawo eSpain, ngo-1922 - e-Italy.
• Ngokushesha, lolu hlobo lwanda ezinqolobaneni zalezi zifundazwe ezimbili, lapho ubhubhane lomalaleveva lwaphela khona, futhi lesi sifo kusukela manje senzeka ngokushesha.
• Ukusuka emachwebeni aseSpain, iGambusia yaya eHawaii nasePhilippines, yaya e-Argentina nasePalestine.

UDkt Rukhadze N.P., ngaleso sikhathi owayengumqondisi we-Abkhaz Tropical Institute emuva ngo-1925, waletha umlobi omncane ngokumelene nomalaleveva endaweni yase-USSR. Ngemuva kwalokho wayesohambweni lwebhizinisi eMicrobiological Institute of Rome, wafunda isipiliyoni sase-Italiya ekulweni nomalaleveva, wanikezwa izintokazi ezikhulelwe ze-gambusia kanye nabesilisa abathile ngokwesamba sama-240 pcs. Ukufika lapho uya khona, idolobha laseSukhumi, lafinyelela kumakhophi ayi-153.

Ukuhlolwa esikebheni esinamagagasi omiyane echibini elincane kwaphumelela, kwathi emuva kweminyaka emihlanu, ezindaweni eziningi zokugcina i-Abkhazia kwaba nokugembula. Ngibonga kakhulu ngokuba khona kwabo, ngonyaka ka-1950, uma kuqhathaniswa no-1930, inani lamacala omalaleveva lalinciphile amahlandla angamashumi amabili. Ngisho nasezindaweni lapho ngaphambili abantu abafika ku-50% behlaselwe yilesi sifo, yaqala ukuzwakala ezimeni ezihlala zodwa.

Ngemuva kokuba ukugembula okuvamile kubonakale kuphumelele kakhulu e-Abkhazia, kwaqala ukwenziwa kabusha kuzo zonke izifunda ze-USSR lapho kwaqhamuka khona ukuqubuka komalaleveva: i-Adjara, i-East Georgia, i-Azabajani, i-Armenia, iCrimea, iNyakatho yeCaucasus, iNingizimu Ukraine, iKazakhstan, i-Uzbekistan, iTurkmenistan nezinye eziningi abanye.

Ngabe i-gambusia izophila ngethemba likaNgqongqoshe Wezemvelo waseGeorgia nenhloko yeSochi?

Esizeni http://sputnik-georgia.ru/ ekuqaleni kukaJulayi kulo nyaka ka-2016, kwavela imininingwane yokuthi kwethulwa ngokusemthethweni inqwaba yemithambo emifuleni nasemachibini asempumalanga yeGeorgia. Inhloso yalomcimbi ukuvikela ukuzalwa kabusha komiyane abasabalalisa igciwane leZika.

IGambusia isivele yethulwe eTbilisi eLake Turtle. NgokukaNgqongqoshe Wezemvelo waseGeorgia: "Lo mcimbi uvikelekile ekulweni nomiyane." UNgqongqoshe wakhumbula ukuthi eminyakeni eyedlule, iGambusia yahlangabezana ngempumelelo nomiyane womalaleveva.

Isiko lokuzalela i-gambusia livuselela namuhla eSochi. Bukela ividiyo ngombiko:

Abantu bakunikeze kanjani ukufanekiswa komdlavuza ekulweni nobhubhane lomalaleveva?

Inani lamanye amazwe omhlaba libonge kakhulu ngale nhlanzi ngokususa umalaleveva kangangokuthi yazakhela izikhumbuzo zayo. Amatshe ezikhumbuzo afakwe eCorsica, kwa-Israyeli nase-Adler.

Isifunda sase-Adler eSochi sidume ngesikhumbuzo saso seGambusia, okusalungiswa okwakhiwa u-Anatoly Medvedev, isakhamuzi sedolobha. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, waphokophela eceleni kwemingcele yabaphathi bedolobha ngesiphakamiso sokumisa isikhumbuzo, kepha kwakungekho mali esikhwameni semali seSochi.

Ngemuva kwalokho wanquma ukubheka abaxhasi futhi akazange alahlekelwe, - inqwaba yamakhekhe nezitolo zabela imali edingekayo. Futhi inani lalilincane, inhlanzi kuphela yethusi ibiza ama-ruble angama-240,000. Futhi ehlobo lika-2010, i-gambusia yethusi yathatha indawo yayo yedolobha lase-Adler.

Futhi, ikhebula elidala lingakhonjiswa eMnyuziyamu we-Abkhaz we-Local Lore, lapho iGambusia yokuqala yafika eSukhumi ngo-1925.

Ukuzala

Le nhlobo yaqala ukufika eYurophu njengezinhlanzi zasemanzini. Ekuthunjweni, ungagcina lezo zigamanda ezazibanjwe ezitolo zethu. Noma namuhla lezi zinhlanzi ziqabukela impela ngenxa yokubukeka kwazo okungakhanyi kangako, ezingabonakala ngokubona izithombe ze-gambusia.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, ngaphandle kokuxhaphaka kwabo endle, abasemanzini babheka i-gambusia enye yezindlela ezinzima kunazo zonke ukuzalanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo eziphilayo.

Ukuthola inzalo ezifuyweni zakho kudingeka ulandele imithetho ethile:

• Kwowesilisa ngamunye, kufanele kube nabesifazane abathathu kuya kwabane, ngenhloso yokuvikela ngamunye wabo othandweni ngokweqile, okuholela kuma-pathologies ahlukahlukene.
• Ngenxa yekhono labesifazane abagembuli ukubambezela ukuzala kwengane lapho kukhona usongo, kufanele baphindiselwe kwesinye isitsha ngesikhathi esifanele, ngoba ngisho nabesilisa bohlobo olufanayo bayingozi efanayo e-aquarium.
• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi lokuzala kabusha elijwayelekile kufanele lisuke ku-23 liye ku-28 ° C.
• Ngemuva kokuhlakuka kwezinsikazi, kufanele isuswe ku-gry, njengoba ingazidla.
• Izilwane ezisencane kufanele zondliwe ngokudla okwomile ngokudla okubandayo okubukhoma - ama-microworms, i-naupilia ye-brine shrimp nokunye.

Ukuhambisana nezinye izinhlobo

IGambusia, enesithombe esibonisa inhlanzi encane enesizotha, empeleni iyinhlobo enolaka kakhulu. Bayakwazi ukukhipha imichilo yezinhlanzi ezihamba kancane, kanye nezinhlobo ezinamaphiko amade. IGambusia ihlangana kahle kuphela namakhadinali, kanye namarabha avuthayo nawaseSumatran.

Ungakwazi, Yebo, ukhule izinhlanzi in monoculture. Naphezu kokubukeka kwayo okulinganiselayo, ngokusho kwamanye ama-aquarists, izobukeka enhle e-aquarium ehlotshiswe ngamathoni amnyama nohlobo olulodwa lwe-algae, isibonelo, i-hygrophilic. Kodwa ngisho nase-monoculture eyodwa akufanele ixazulule i-gambusia eminingi ku-aquarium, ngoba, uma kwenzeka ngokweqile, bayoba nolaka ngisho komunye nomunye.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-gambusia emvelweni

Izinhlanzi azithobeki kakhulu. Ziyakwazi ukubekezelela ukuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa okukhulu kakhulu ukusuka ku-1 kuye ku-40 ° C, hibernate ngokushesha nje lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi ezungezile lihla ngaphansi kwe-10 ° C futhi likhuthale kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuvela kwenqwaba yezikhala zomiyane emanzini. I-gambusia nursery eSlohi inolwazi oluningi lokuzala lolu hlobo futhi ochwepheshe bayo bathi izinhlanzi azikwazi ukuhlala nje kuphela emanzini amasha, kodwa futhi namanzi anosawoti, futhi zinosawoti kakhulu kunakwezinye izilwandle.

Ngabe kudliwa yini inhlanzi ezimweni zemvelo nase-aquarium

Ukudla okungokwemvelo kwe-gambusia izinambuzane kanye nezinhlobo ezithile ze-algae. Umuntu ngamunye we-gambusia udla cishe izibungu ezi-100 zomiyane umalaleveva phakathi nosuku.

Ngokuqondene nokuphila emanzini, lapho-ke ukudliwa kwezinhlanzi kufaka:

• Okuphakelayo okwenziwe ngamakhemikhali.
• Ukudla kwemvelo okubukhoma nokuqandisiwe - i-Artemia ne-Daphnia, iminyundu yegazi kanye nolwelwe.

Ukuphila endalweni

IGambusia affinis noma evamile ingenye yezinhlanzi ezimbalwa ezihlala eNyakatho Melika, eziye zafika emashalofini ezitolo zezilwane.

Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo inhlanzi nguMfula iMissouri nemifudlana nemifula emincane yezifunda zase-Illinois naseIndiana. Ukusuka lapho, wasakazeka emhlabeni wonke, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokungaxoleli okuhle.

Ngeshwa, manje i-gambusia ithathwa njengohlobo oluhlaselayo emazweni amaningi, futhi e-Australia yathusa kakhulu imvelo yezindawo zokuhlala, futhi kwenqatshelwe ukuthengiswa nokugcinwa.

Kodwa-ke, nakwamanye amazwe, kusiza ukulwa nezibungu zemiyane yomalaleveva ngokudla futhi kunciphise inani lomiyane.

Yebo, kuphumelela kangangokuba bangamakhela izikhumbuzo! ISikhumbuzo seGambusia esifakwe ku-Adler siyatholakala kwa-Israyeli naseCorsica.

Incazelo

I-aquarium fish gambusia ikhula incane impela, izinsikazi cishe zingama-7 cm, abesilisa banciphile futhi abafikanga ku-3 cm.

Ngaphandle, izinhlanzi azimangazi, izinsikazi ziyefana nezinsikazi, kanti ezesilisa zimpunga, zinamachashazi amnyama emzimbeni.

Isikhathi sokuphila esifinyelela eminyakeni emi-2, nabesilisa baphila ngaphansi kwabesifazane.

Ukugcina i-gambusia e-aquarium akulula, kepha kulula kakhulu. Bangakwazi ukuhlala emanzini okushisa aphansi ngokweqile noma emanzini anosawoti ophezulu.

Babekezelela amazinga aphansi komoya-mpilo emanzini, ikhwalithi yamanzi engeyinhle, nezinguquko zokushisa.

Zonke lezi zimfanelo zimenza abe yinhlanzi enhle yabaqalayo, ukuze kuthi kube nzima nokuthi bambulale. Kuyisihawu nje uhlangana njalo.

Yize iningi lama-gambusi litholakala emachibini, lingahlala futhi e-aquarium yasekhaya ukulawula inani lomiyane. P

Abadingi ivolumu enkulu, amalitha angama-50 anele, yize engeke anqabe amathini abanzi kakhulu.

Izinto ezinjengomhluzi noma umhluzi wamanzi azibaluleke kakhulu kuzo, kepha ngeke zibe zingaxuthi. Vele ukhumbule ukuthi lezi zinhlanzi ezi-viviparous, futhi uma ufaka isihlungi sangaphandle ku-aquarium, kuzoba yisicupho samafry. Kungcono ukusebenzisa ngaphakathi, ngaphandle kokufaka i-casing, ngendwangu yokuwasha eyodwa.

Amapharamitha afanele wokuqukethwe yilezi: pH 7.0-7.2, dH kuze kube ngu-25, izinga lokushisa lamanzi 20-24 20 (lidlulisa izinga lokushisa lamanzi lifike ku-12

Ukondla

Emvelweni, zidla ikakhulukazi izinambuzane, kanye nenani elincane lokudla kwezitshalo. Usuku, inhlanzi eyodwa ingabhubhisa kuze kufike ezingamakhulu ezinkulungwane zemiyane yomalaleveva, futhi emasontweni amabili sekuvele izinkulungwane.

Kokubili ukudla okwenziwe ngamakhaza nokuqandisiwe noma okubukhoma kudliwa ku-aquarium yasekhaya. Ukudla abakuthandayo kakhulu ama-bloodworms, i-daphnia ne-artemia, kepha badla noma yikuphi ukudla obapha kona.

Esimweni sethu sezulu, mancane amathuba okuthi unikeze izibungu zomiyane womalaleveva (okungafanele uzisole ngazo), kepha izimpophoma zegazi kalula. Kuyafaneleka ukungeza ngezikhathi nokudla okuqukethe i-fiber.

Habitat

Imizimba emincane engamanzi yaseNyakatho Melika iyenzeka, futhi yande yonke indawo. Ngokungenile wangena ezinhlelweni zemifula, lapho ibingakaze ihlale khona ngaphambili, ukuze kulwe nezinambuzane ezingena egazini. IGambusia ngentokozo idla izibungu zomiyane basemanzini.

Izinhlaka Zezinhlanzi:

Ubukhulu - 3 - 6 cm. Ukudla - noma yikuphi

Ukuzalela / Ukuzalela

Inhlanzi eyanda kahle, ngoba ukuqhekeka akudingi ukwakhiwa kwezimo ezikhethekile. Inzalo ivela kaningana ngonyaka. Kuyo yonke inkathi yokufakwa, amaqanda avundisiwe atholakala emzimbeni wezinhlanzi, kanti vele nefry esele yakhekile ivela ekukhanyeni. Lesi sici sithuthukiswe ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo, njengesivikelo esisebenzayo senzalo. Abazali abakhombisi ukukhathalela i-fry, kodwa kunalokho bahlasele uma bengazange bakuphephele lapho befika khona. Kunconywa izingane ukuba zifakwe ethangini elihlukile. Yondla ukudla okuncane, i-artemia, njll.

Umsindisi ophikisayo - i-gambusia

IGambusia (lat. Gambusia affinis) yinhlanzi encane ethwala bukhoma, manje engatholakali ngokuthengiswa, futhi empeleni nasemanzini ase-amateur.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zemidlalo yokugembula, eyasentshonalanga iyathengiswa, kanti eyasempumalanga yi-gambusia yaseHolbourk (lat. Gambusia holbrooki). Lo mbhalo ungukuqhubeka kwendatshana ekhuluma ngenhlanzi ekhohlisayo ebamba bukhoma.

Indima yeGambusia ekulweni nomalaleveva

I-Gambusia emhlabeni yaziwa nangokuthi yi-Mosquito fish: ukungabekelwa esimweni sokuvalelwa, kuyisihlava esivunyelwe ngokusemthethweni - umsizi osebenzayo ekuqothulweni kwezibungu zomiyane, umgqugquzeli wezifo ezahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, abamele lolu hlobo baqala ukusatshalaliswa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke ukulwa nobhubhane lomalaleveva, okwaba yimpumelelo enkulu. Ukuze kusindiswe izimpilo eziningi, uGambusia waklonyeliswa ngendondo ephezulu - ngokumhlonipha, kwakhiwa izikhumbuzo eSocrhi, eCorsica nakwa-Israyeli.

Kepha e-Australia, ukwethulwa kweGambusia ohlelweni lokuphilisana kwezemvelo kwabangela imiphumela emibi: imvelo enolaka yabangela ukulimala kwabakhileyo ezindaweni zokuhlala, yingakho abamele lolu hlobo benqatshelwe ukugcina nokusabalalisa ezwenikazi.

UMnu Tail uyancoma: izisekelo zasemanzini

Izimo ezifanele zokugcina iGambusia e-aquarium:

• Ubukhulu bethangi: kusuka ku-50 l, ngesilinganiso samanzi ayi-5-8 l ngakunye. Musa ukubeka uphahla phezulu, ngoba lokhu kuzoholela ekufeni kwezinhlanzi.
• Izinhlaka zemvelo: lokushisa + 20 ... + 25 ºC, acidity 6.0-7.0 pH, kuze kube ngu-25 dH.
• Inhlanzi ayizethembi ngokuqondene nokuhlanjululwa kanye nokwenziwa i-aeration, noma kunjalo, ukushintshwa kwesonto kwengxenye yesithathu yevolumu ye-liquid kanye nokuhlanza inhlabathi ngezikhathi ezithile kusadingeka.
• Isendlalelo: izingxenyana ezincane zamatshe ambovu noma isihlabathi somfula esiqandayo. Ukwesaba, iGambusia icashe emhlabathini, futhi ngenxa yalokho izinto ezinemiphetho ebukhali noma ama-chips kufanele zingafakwa ngaphandle.
• Ingadi: izitshalo ezinamaqabunga abanzi abanzi.
• Isibani: esiphakathi.
• Ukugqoka: noma yikuphi, kepha ngokuhlinzekwa kwendawo ebanzi yokubhukuda kwamahhala kwezilwane ezifuywayo.

Isifo sezinhlanzi

IGambusia yinhlanzi eqinile, ethambekele ezifweni. Ngokuqukethwe okugculisayo, akubangeli izinkinga kumnikazi wayo. Ezimweni ezingandile, izifo zesikhumba ezinobungozi zingase zivele, okuvame ukuba zivikeleke emanzini e-aquarium lapho utshala izitshalo noma ukuqala izinhlanzi ezintsha ezingabekwanga zodwa. Esimweni esinjalo, kusetshenziswa usawoti wamanzi noma amalungiselelo akhethekile e-aquarium, afakwa emanzini e-aquarium ejwayelekile.

IGambusia yinhlanzi ewusizo, okuyinto engavamile kakhulu namuhla ehlala ezindaweni zasemakhaya. Ukubukeka okunesizotha kukhokha ukungazethembi okuyingqayizivele kwezinhlobo, okuvumela ngisho nesiqalo ukusigcina, ngubani ongazi nakancane nge-aquarium.

Isingeniso

I-gipusia encane enomthamo omncane ayijwayelekile ema-aquariums asekhaya. Le nhlanzi ingeyamalungu omndeni wakwaPeciliev, ihlala emizimbeni yamanzi esemisha futhi emincane. Izinhlobo ezimbili ze-gambusia ziyaziwa - entshonalanga nasempumalanga, kepha okokuqala kutholakala ezitolo futhi, ngezikhathi ezithile, ezindaweni zasemakhaya.

Igama lenhlanzi ngesiLatini yiGambusia affinis. I-Gambusia ihlukile ngohlamvu olungaqondakali, ubudlova kanye nokubukeka okungalingani.

Izwe laseGambusia lithathwa njengezifundazwe zaseningizimu Melika, iMexico kanye neGulf of Mexico basin, okubandakanya imifula neMissouri River, Indiana ne-Illinois. Kulezi zingxenye zeGambusia hlala ezindaweni ezinamaxhaphozi ngamathokheni e-algae. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, indawo yokuhlala kwalezi zinhlanzi ikhule kakhulu, futhi manje bahlala emizimbeni yamanzi angenamanzi emazweni angaphezu komhlaba angama-60 emhlabeni. Izinhlanzi ziqinile ngokweqile, okwaholela ekuxazululeni kwazo ngezinga elikhulu.

IGambusia Ejwayelekile yinhlanzi encane enomzimba omude futhi omfushane, ofana nesilinda esisesimweni, namaphiko angenamibala. Ukukhonjwa kwekhanda kufiphele, amehlo makhulu amnyama, grey noma aluhlaza, umlomo omncane namazinyo abukhali. Isidumbu simbozwe izikali ezinkulu, inhlawulo dorsal useduze ne-caudal.Umbala omkhulu womzimba ubumpunga noma onsundu, onombala ogqamile ezinhlangothini. Emzimbeni wesilisa kungenzeka kube nezindawo ezimbalwa ezimnyama, umsila wecala labanye abantu une-hue ebomvu. Abesifazane be-gambusia banombala ogcwele imibala ngaphandle kokuqhathanisa i-inclusions, ekhumbuza ama-gippies.

Ezimweni ezintofontofo, i-gambusia ayikwazi ukuhlala iminyaka engaphezulu kwemibili, kanti abesilisa baphila ngaphansi kwalesi sikhathi.

Enye yezinto ezenziwa ukugembula ukuthi badla umiyane womalaleveva. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinhlanzi zaqala ukuhlalwa ngokungemthetho futhi zakhula emazweni amaningi omhlaba.

I-Gambusia ingabizwa ngokuphepha ngokuthi izidalwa ezinganambitheki kakhulu, lezi zinhlanzi ngokumangazayo zijwayela kalula izimo ezahlukahlukene zokuboshwa futhi azifuni ukunakekelwa.

I-Aquarium

I-gambusia embalwa izoba ntofontofo ezitsheni ezinomthamo wamalitha ayi-10 noma ngaphezulu. Ngokwesibalo esikhulu sabantu, kuthengwa i-aquarium yamalitha angama-40-50. Isimo se-aquarium singaba noma yisiphi - unxande noma siyindilinga, ivolumu elincane elifunekayo likuvumela ukuthi ukhethe ukucushwa kwe-aquarium ngokwesicelo somnikazi. Akudingekile ukufaka i-compressor nesihlungi ekhaya lalezinhlanzi.

Ukugcwalisa i-aquarium nge-gambusia, sebenzisa amanzi axazululiwe ngobunzima obukhulu kanye nokusabela okungathathi hlangothi. Izinga lokushisa elihle kakhulu lokugcina i-gambusia libhekwa njengama-degree angama-20- 24. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, i-gambusia ingaba khona emanzini abandayo, kepha lapho izinga lokushisa lehla laya ku-10 degrees, inhlanzi iya ekuzinyangeni, iwele emhlabathini.

Kuyalulekwa ukuthi uchithe inani elithile likasawoti emanzini (olwandle noma ekhishini elijwayelekile elinezinhlayiya ezinkulu). Lokhu ukuvikela okuhle kwezifo zenhlanzi futhi kuthinta inhlala-kahle yabo.

Inhlabathi nokuhlobisa

Kwi-gambusia, ukwakheka kanye nekhwalithi yenhlabathi akubalulekile kangako. Umnikazi angakhetha i-substrate yokumboza ngezansi e-aquarium ngokuya ngokuthanda kwakhe. I-algae enamaqabunga alukhuni neziqu itshalwe emhlabathini, izinhlanzi ezingakwazi ukuzidla. Kungenzeka kube nezitshalo eziningi, kepha kufanele kube khona isikhala samahhala ku-aquarium yokubhukuda.

Ungayondla kanjani i-gambusia?

IGambusia iyamangaza, njengezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi zasemanzini. Amunca ngokuzithandela izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokudla okubukhoma kanye nalokho okukufaka esikhundleni sako. Banganikwa imidumba yegazi, i-artemia, idaphnia, ukudla okubandayo nezibungu zezinambuzane, inyama yenkomo edliwayo kanye nezihlakala zezinhlanzi. I-algae alale kanye ne-lettuce ehlanganisiwe inikezwa njengengxenye yesitshalo edingekayo.

Unghlukanisa kanjani owesilisa nowesifazane?

Abantu abathandana nobungqingili, okokuqala, bahluke ngosayizi nombala (njengoba kubonisiwe ngaphambili). Ubude besilisa esidala yi-3-4 cm, insikazi ikhula ibe ngu-7 cm. Owesilisa unombala ogqamile, kanti owesimame ungowokuzalwa ngokuphelele. I-anal anal yedali iguqulwa ibe yi-gonopodia.

Izifo zokukhunta kanye namagciwane

Kwenzeka ukuthi emzimbeni we-gambusia kunenhlanganisela emhlophe, efana noboya bekotini. Imbangela yale nkinga ukutheleleka ngefungus. Kwesinye isikhathi i-mucus emhlophe itholakala emzimbeni wezinhlanzi, okuvela ngenxa yamagciwane we-pathogenic.

Lezi zifo zingalashwa ngosizo lwemithi.

Ubuthi

Izindawo ezimnyama, ezibomvu noma ezimhlophe emzimbeni we-gambusia zingavela ngenxa yokuqongelela kwamakhompiyutha e-nitrogen e-aquarium. Uma kwenzeka amabala abuhlungu, amanzi kufanele ahlanzwe ngemikhiqizo yokubola, athuthukise i-aeration futhi afake ingxenye encane yamanzi. Uma isifo sesiqaliwe, qhubeka nokwelashwa ngezidakamizwa.

IGolide Gambusia

IGolden Gambusia (Gambusia aurata) - inhlanzi enomzimba ophakeme nekhanda elithobekile. Umbala oyinhloko ophuzi, imibala eminingi emnyama ihlakazeka ngaphezu kobuso bomzimba wonke. Ama-anal kanye nama-back back ane-bezel emnyama.

Izwe lenhlanzi libhekwa njengezifundazwe ezisempumalanga ye-United States ukuya enyakatho-empumalanga ye-Argentina, izidumbu zamanzi angenamikhawulo ase-Afrika, Madagascar naseMexico.

Cuban Gambusia

ICuban Gambusia (Gambusi punctata) isisulu esiqhingini saseCuba. Inomzimba omude futhi ocindezelwe kamuva, ukuvula umlomo kusendaweni ephezulu. Umbala oyinhloko ngwephuzi, amabala amnyama asezinhlangothini zomzimba, akha imigqa engu-4-5. I-sideline imnyama ngombala.

Ihlala emanzini amasha ngenkambo ethule, kwesinye isikhathi etholakala emifuleni yezintaba.

I-Dominican Gambusia

I-Dominican Gambusia (Gambusia dominicensis) yinhlanzi encane enomzimba onsundu, ingxenye engezansi yayo ilula (kusuka ophuzi kuya kokumhlophe) enamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amabloksi anemibala emnyama kusuka kusisekelo senhlawulo ye-faini emugqeni ophakathi nendawo. Ngemuva nomsila we-fin kuyinto owolintshi onebala elimnyama.

Endle, iDominican Gambusia ihlala eCaribbean, Cuba, Jamaica naseDominican Republic. Zithanda imifula nemifudlana emisha nemincane enokuhamba okubuthakathaka kwamanzi kanye nezimila eziningi.

I-Nicaraguan Gambusia

I-Nicaraguan gambusia (Gambusia nicaraguensis) inomzimba ophakeme futhi ocindezelwe kamuva ngesigaxa esikhomba. Umzimba ungasuka onsundu okhanyayo ube ngmpunga ngombala ngemigqa evundlile yama-inclusions amnyama. Ngezansi nje kwamehlo kukhona ibala elimnyama elingunxantathu. Imigqa yamaphuzu amnyama idlula emgqonyeni wamanzi nasemahlathini.

Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, itholakala emazweni aseMelika Ephakathi, lapho ithanda khona izidumbu zamanzi ezintsha noma ezi-brackish ngamanzi acishe abe manzi.

Amaqiniso Ahehayo

Emazweni amaningi, i-gambusia ibhekwa njengewusizo futhi isetshenziswa njengendlela yokulawula umiyane we-biological. Kusukela engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-20, lezi zinhlanzi zabhekwa njengezikhali eziphambili zokubhujiswa komalaleveva eMelika eseNingizimu, ogwini oluseningizimu yeRussia ne-Ukraine. Ngo-2008, izidumbu zamanzi eziningana zakhiwa kwezinye izifundazwe zaseCalifornia ngalezi zinhloso, futhi isibalo samacala okutheleleka ngalesi sifo esiyingozi sehlile kakhulu.

Izakhamizi ezinomusa ze-Adler, Israel neCorsica zamakhela isikhumbuzo.

E-Australia, kunalokho, bakholelwa ukuthi iGambusia yathusa kakhulu imvelo yamachibi nemifula yezwe. Kuvinjelwe ukuthengiswa kwabo kanye nokunakekelwa kwesondlo lapha.

Ukuchazwa kabusha kokuqukethwe kokuqukethwe kwevidiyo ye-Gambusia.

Ukulondolozwa nokunakekelwa kweGambusia

Uma i-aquarium ivele kuwe hhayi kudala, futhi isipiliyoni asanele, khona-ke ukugembula okujwayelekile yinhlanzi ekufanele. Lezi zinhlanzi azikhukhumali, zizizwa zikhulu emanzini anosawoti omncane noma afreshi, okushisa kwazo kungashintshashintsha ngaphezulu kobubanzi obungu-12-16 degrees.

Uma amazinga okushisa ehla aze afike kuma-degree ayi-10, i-gambusia iyokheleka nge-silt noma nge-hibernate. Azikho izidingo eziqinile noma ezingcolile zamanzi noma kokuqukethwe komoya-mpilo okukuwo. Ukunakekela i-gambusia kulula kakhulu kangangokuba ngisho nokuyondla kulula. Ngaphezu kokudla okujwayelekile okwomile, izinhlanzi zinganikezwa izibungu zomiyane abasha ezisuka esikhondweni esiseduze kwendlu.

Ukuqhuma kuvame ukwenzeka ehlobo lokushisa lamanzi elingu-18 kuya kuma-22 degrees. Ngesikhathi sonyaka, i-gambusia yensikazi ingakhiqiza amalitha amahlanu efry. By endleleni, gambusia izinhlanzi viviparous. Ukukhula okusha kudinga ukutshala ngokushesha, ngoba i-cannibalism akuyona into engaziwa ngabantu abadala. Abazali bayakujabulela ukushwabela uFry. Ezinyangeni ezimbili emva kokuzalwa, gazinga sesivele sesivuthiwe ngokocansi.

Lezi zinhlwayi zesiliva ezigqamile ezine-tint eluhlaza okotshani azikwazi ukugcinwa endaweni evamile yabamakhelwane. IGambusia esikhathini esifushane izokhipha yonke iminjunju, ngoba lezi zidalwa ezibonakala zinhle empeleni zinolaka kakhulu.

Ukuhambisana nezinye izinhlanzi, imithetho yokondla

IGambusia evamile kwesinye isikhathi iyinhlanzi enolaka engalimaza amaphiko izinhlanzi zezinye izinhlobo. Ngokuyibona kahle inhlanzi enamaphini amade nalawo abhukuda kancane - ayihambelani kahle nama-guppies kanye ne-goldenfish. Omakhelwane abalungele ama-affinis - ama-Sumatran barbs, amakhadinali, ama-barbar omlilo. Ngokuphathelene nezihlobo, inhlanzi nayo inolaka, ngakho-ke Akunconywa ukubeka izinhlanzi zalolu hlobo ku-aquarium yezinhlobo. Ngesikhathi sokwethuka okunamandla, izinhlanzi zigobhozela ezingxenyeni zenhlabathi.

Emvelweni yemvelo, i-gambusia ejwayelekile idla izinambuzane nezitshalo. Ama-Affinis angadla amakhulu ezinqolobane zomiyane umalaleveva ngosuku, ngezinsuku eziyi-14, adla izinkulungwane eziningana zalezinambuzane. Ngokwesimo se-aquarium yasekhaya, lezi zinhlanzi zidla ukudla okufana nama-bloodworms, i-daphnia, i-artemia, i-coretra, iziphepho, ukudla kwemifino enefayibha (ulethisi, i-dandelion, amaphilisi anezithako zemithi). Ama-larvae omiyane womalaleveva awathengiswa ezitolo, ngakho-ke lolu hlobo lokudla luyobe lungekho ekudleni.

Umsoco

Njengoba inhlanzi incane, kepha inyamazane - ukudla okuphilayo kungukudla okufanele, yize ngokomqondo idla konke. I-Delicacy ethandwa kakhulu, yi-izibungu zomiyane womalaleveva, kepha ubani kuphela ongabathola? Enye indlela ingaba ngamagciwane egazi noma i-daphnia. Idla nokudla okomile. Ngamagama, inhlanzi eyisimangaliso, hhayi i-gourmet ...

Yebo, izikhumbuzo zale nhlanzi engenalutho zikhona ngempela! Isibonelo, eCorsica naseRussia, e-Adler. Futhi konke kubonga ukuthi emvelweni imvelo iyimpi engakhathali yangaphambili "kamalaleveva" - ibulala ngenkani izibungu zomiyane womalaleveva. Kepha okuqukethwe yile nhlanzi ku-aquarium yasekhaya ... Ngeshwa, okwamanje le nhlanzi ayivelakancane, ngoba iyisisekelo sokukhohlwa okungafanele. Kepha ngeze, ngoba i-gambusia iyindlela engcono kakhulu yomqashi wamanzi wokuqala. Ngokuzithoba nokusinda, bambalwa baqhathanisa nayo (ngaphandle kokuthi inhlanzi efakwe emzimbeni). Manje, qala izinto kuqala:

Gambusia endle

Izalelwe izifunda eziseningizimu ye-United States, ihlala endaweni eseMissouri kanye nemifudlana emincane nemifula eseduze. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zale nhlanzi - i-gambusia yasempumalanga noma iHolbourk, kanye nentshonalanga. Lapha izinhlobo zezinto zasempumalanga cishe azitholakali ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini, kanti ezingasentshonalanga zingathengwa ezitolo zezilwane. I-gambusia yasendle nayo iguqulwa emazweni amaningi, ngoba iyithuluzi elihle kakhulu lokulwa nomiyane nomiyane. ERussia, ngokwesibonelo, ihlala ngokuphelele esifundeni saseKrasnodar, esifundeni seSochi. Kepha e-Australia, le nhlanzi 'yayingakholelwa' kakhulu kangangokuba yephula imvelo yeminye imithombo ebekelwa kuyo ngakho-ke ivinjelwe ukuthengiswa nokuzalaniswa.

Ukubukeka

IGambusia ingabizwa ngokuthi inhlanzi enhle kuphela ngokunwetshwa okukhulu. Inhlanzi engenakugwazwa, okuyisono ukuyifihla ... Noma kunjalo, kuyanconywa kubaqalayo njengento enhle yokubonwa nokuzalaniswa. IGambusia kuyaqabukela ikhula ngaphezu kuka-6 cm, futhi noma kunjalo ingamakhosikazi kuphela - abesilisa bancane, abekho ngaphezu kuka-3-4 cm. Izintokazi zaseGambusia zipendiwe ngombala wesiliva futhi zibukeka njengabesifazane besifazane be-guppy. Abesilisa bagqamile, baphuzi kancane ngamachashazi amnyama emizimbeni yabo yonke. Amaphiko awanombala, acishe abe sobala. Umlomo mncane, kepha ngamazinyo abukhali futhi aqinile.

Indawo yokuhlala yaseGambusia

Izinhlanzi ezi-Viviparous zihlala eMelika Ephakathi, enyakatho naseNingizimu Melika. Izinhlobo eziningi zihlala emanzini amasha; ezinye izinhlobo zithwala amanzi abrackish noma usawoti.

Izinhlobo eziningana ziyafakazelwa ezifundeni:

I-Acclimatization yenziwa ngenxa yokuthi i-gambusia ibandakanyeka kakhulu ekulweni nomiyane we-anopheles, ukudla izibungu zayo, futhi kusiza ukunqoba ezinye izifo ezithathelanayo ezinjengomkhuhlane ophuzi. Isidleke sezibungu, i-gambusia, njengoba i-Sanitary Law isho, sithathwa njengesihlahla esihle kakhulu sezindawo ezifudumele. Ubuye wamisa namatshe ezikhumbuzo zethusi e-Adler, Israel naseCorsica ngokusiza empini yokulwa nomalaleveva.

Ukuziphatha kanye nemvelo yokugembula

Ama-Gambusia affinis ahlala emaphaketheni, ahamba kakhulu futhi anolaka kakhulu hhayi kwezinye izinhlobo, kodwa futhi nakomunye nomunye. Amaphiko okulimaza nokulimaza izinhlanzi ezihamba kancane. Esimweni sokuhlaselwa ukwesaba okukhulu, bamba emhlabathini. Ngenxa yokuxinwa isikhathi eside, izinsikazi ziguqula ubulili, zichitha kuze kube ngamaviki ama-4 kulokhu.

Akunconywa ukuthi uzigcine ngezinhlobo ezihamba kancane ezinokuthula, ezinesinaphi wegolide.

• izinhlanzi ezidlayo
• izimfudu zamanzi
• amadada nezinye izinyoni zidla izinhlanzi ezincane.

IGAMBUSIA VIDEO

Sasibekwa yini isikhumbuzo seGambusia?

IGambusia vulgaris (i-lat. Gambusia affinis) yinhlanzi encane ephila bukhoma yomndeni wakwaPecilieva. Emvelweni kunezinhlobo ezimbili zemigembula - iHolbourka (empumalanga) ne-affinis (entshonalanga), eyokugcina ithengiswa njengenhlanzi yokuhlobisa. Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo yasentshonalanga yeGambusia imifula yamanzi acwebile aseNyakatho Melika (eMissouri nezindawo zayo). Lapho le nhlanzi ilethwa eYurophu, yajwayela ngokushesha emanzini endawo ngenxa yokukhuthazela nokungazethembi. Umhlomulo wayo omkhulu yikhono lokubhekana nomiyane womalaleveva nezibungu zabo; amakhulu ezinambuzane angadliwa ngosuku. Kukhunjulwe amatshe ezikhumbuzo kule nhlanzi kwamanye amazwe!

Gxuma ngokushesha esihlokweni

Izici zangaphandle, okuqukethwe

IGambusia vulgaris ibonakala ngomzimba omncane - ubukhulu bayo bufika ku-3-7 cm ubude. Ukubonakala kwale nhlanzi akunakuqhathaniswa, izinsikazi zifana nemiphunga ye-viviparous, umbala wesikali sowesilisa ungowesiliva, onokubukeka okungenathemba emzimbeni. Azihlali isikhathi eside - iminyaka emi-2, isikhathi sokuphila kwabantu besifazane isikhathi eside ukwedlula esabesilisa.

I-dimorphism yezocansi kulolu hlobo ivezwa: izinsikazi zikhulu kunabesilisa ngamasentimitha ambalwa; ngesikhathi sokuqhuma, isisu sazo sinezinyosi ezinamabala. Umsila wokugcina wesilisa une-hue ebomvu. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, insikazi ihlukaniswa ubukhona bendawo emnyama endaweni ye-anal fin.

Bheka ukuthi ukubukeka gambusia okujwayelekile kubukeka kanjani.

Bakhetha ukugijimisa ama-gambusia amaningi emachibini ukuze balawule inani lomiyane, kepha ezindaweni zasemakhaya babukeka kahle njengenhlanzi yokuhlobisa. Bangabekwa ethangini lamalitha angama-50-80 noma ngaphezulu. Kunconywa ukufaka isihlungi sangaphakathi ku-aquarium ngendwangu eyodwa yokuwasha futhi ngaphandle kokufaka, isihlungi sangaphandle singabamba gazinga. I-Aeration iyadingeka futhi. Amapharamitha avumelekile emvelo yasemanzini: izinga lokushisa 20-24 ° C, acidity 7.0-7.2 pH, ubulukhuni - kufinyelela kuma-25 dH.

Indlela gambusia yokuzala ekuthunjweni

I-Gambusia affinisis kunzima ukuyizalela ekudingisweni, yize iqhuba futhi ikhiqiza nefry esekulungele impilo ephelele. Lapho uFry akhula, adinga ukugcinwa kanye nabesifazane abangama-3-4 nowesilisa oyedwa. Iqiniso ngukuthi kusukela othandweni lowesilisa lowesilisa, owesimame uthola ukucindezelwa okukhulu, futhi angeke abe yedwa.

Enye inkinga yokuzala ukukwazi ukubambezela ukuzalwa. Lokhu kungumkhuba wemvelo wabesifazane abagembuli abakwenza lokhu ngenkathi besongelwa; e-aquarium, ingaba ngohlangothini lowesilisa. Ukuze izinhlanzi zesifazane zizale i-fry, kufanele idluliselwe e-aquarium ehlukile, noma ithangi kufanele lihlukaniswe ngezindawo ukuze lizizwe lizolile endaweni yalo. Ngenxa yalokhu, insikazi ibeletha u-100-200 gry, ngemuva kwenqubo edinga ukufakwa. Ukudla okuqalwa kwezinsana - izibungu ze-brine shrimp, i-microworm, ama-flakes ecubuziwe, okuphakelayo okuhlanganisiwe kokudla kwenyama. Gambusia gazinga likhula ngokushesha.