Igama lesi Latin: | Regulus regus |
Isigcawu: | Ama-Passerines |
Umndeni: | I-Korolkovye |
Ngokwengeziwe: | Incazelo yezinhlobo zaseYurophu |
Ukubukeka nokuziphatha. Inyoni encane kunazo zonke esidlekeni esifundeni sethu, ubude bomzimba obungu-9 - 11 cm kuphela, amaphiko ama-cm 15- 17 cm, isisindo esingu-4.5-8 g. Ukuhanjiswa, imvamisa inika izwi kepha ingancipha ngokuphelele isikhashana, bese iphawula ukuthi Umqhele ubonga kuphela ezindizeni ezimfishane noma zokushiswa ngokweqile. Ihamba ngokuhambisana namagatsha, i-conifers ejwayelekile, futhi ihlala ibazungeza imizuzwana eyi-1-2, isebenza ngenkuthalo ngamaphiko nokudla kokudla.
Incazelo. Umbala ojwayelekile ovela phezulu uluhlaza okomnqumo oluhlaza okotshani, obumpunga, obimpunga ekhanda nasentanjeni, ukukhanya okungaphansi kwendlu exutshaniswe namathoni ansundu kanye nampunga, izinhlangothi zesisu nomthunzi we-olive. Uma ubukwa usuka ohlangothini noma ngaphezulu, ukumaka kwamaphiko kuyamangaza: ngemuva kwesisekelo esimnyama, umugqa omude futhi omfishane omfishane omfushane ohlangothini oluhlanganisiwe, kuthi phezulu kwephiko kuvuleke umucu omhlophe omfishane, omfishane futhi omfushane, eziqongweni zamaphiko angaphakathi izimpaphe ziyabonakala amamaki amancane amhlophe. Ekhoneni lekhanda, iphethini ekhanyayo, engabonakali njalo ebonakalayo kuphrofayili, iwolintshi emadodeni nphuzi kwabesifazane - ukwahlukana, kuzungezwe ezinhlangothini ngemivimbo emide ebanzi emnyama, icishe ivalwe ebunzini. Eduze kwamehlo kukhona indandatho ekhanyayo, emafushane "amnyama" amfishane amnyama aqala kusuka kuqhwaku emuva naphansi, amboza izimpaphe zezindlebe ngomthunzi ofanayo nensimbi yepayipi. Izinyoni ezisesithebeni sokwindla esisha zibonakaliswa ngentuthuko eqinile ye-ocher plaque kulo lonke iplamu lomzimba. Amehlo amnyama, uqhwaku lumnyama, imilenze imnyama, nsundu. Abesilisa bahluka kwabesilisa kuphela ngombala webhande elide obude ekhanda.
Izinyoni ezincane azinawo umdwebo ekhanda lekhanda, ikhanda lazo limpunga impela, kukhona indandatho emhlophe emnyama ezungeze amehlo, umphimbo wazo ungwevu, ngaphandle kwendawo emhlophe ngaphansi komlomo, uqhwaku lukhanya kancane, lupinki. Ihluke kuma-chamomiles ezinobukhulu obufanayo kuphethini kwiphiko nasekhanda, kanye nensumpa emnyama yaphansi, indandatho ekhanyayo ezungeze iso, indlela yokuhamba nezwi.
Vota. Izingcingo ezingazwakala njalo futhi izinyoni ezivame ukuzithola kuzo zizwakala njengamasiginali amafushane, aphezulu kakhulu futhi athule kakhulu. "tutu"noma"i-ttsy", Kwesinye isikhathi kuhlanganiswe ngeskimu esifushane. Ziyafana nokusayina kwe-chubby (brown-ikhanda gait), nuthatch, kanye ne-landlide (tit-taled ende), kepha lezi zinhlobo, ngokungafani namakhosi, zisebenzisa ezinye izibonakaliso ezichazwe ezingxoxweni ezihambisanayo, okwenza sikwazi ukuthola amakhosi asebenzisa “indlela yokususa”. Ingoma, edlalwa ngabesilisa kakhulu entwasahlobo, kepha imvamisa futhi ebusika nasehlobo, izwakala sengathi imishwana eqhubeka njalo yokushaya ikhwela isuka kwizimpawu ezi-4,5 eziphakeme kakhulu hhayi eziphezulu kakhulu, eyokugcina yayo ihlukile kulena eyedlule futhi izwakala njengethrekhi emfushane "siyur-li-siyur-li-siyurli-tsssi», «dash-lit-lit-lissi"njll.
Ukusatshalaliswa, isimo. Uhla olubanzi lokufuya luhlanganisa ingxenye enkulu yehlathi lase-Esasia ukusuka e-Atlantic kuya olwandle lwePacific. Isikhathi sasebusika senzeka ikakhulu phakathi kobubanzi bezidleke, kanye nokuncane okuningizimu, eningizimu yeYurophu, eCentral naseMpumalanga Asia. Uhlobo olujwayelekile lwamahlathi e-coniffort eYurophu yaseYurophu, ingxenye engayodwa yebanga itholakala eCaucasus. Ekwindla, ezinye izinyoni zithutha ziye eningizimu zisuka ezindaweni ezidlekayo, ezindaweni lapho lezi ukunyakaza kukhulu, ngenxa yokuthi lapho zifuduka kahle zichazwe kahle.
Indlela yokuphila. Ixhunywe kumahlathi e-coniffort ngesikhathi esidlekayo. Kuqala isidleke ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi. Isidleke - inkomishi ejulile, eyindilinga, eyicocekile ye-moss, i-fluff yemifino, uvolo, izimpaphe, embozwe ngaphandle ngamakhilogremu kanye nezikhukhula zesicabucabu, imvamisa idonsa ukusuka phansi iye egatsheni le-spruce. Imvamisa ifihlwe kahle phezulu komhlaba futhi itholakala nobunzima obukhulu. Ku-clutch kusuka ku-6 kuye ku-12, imvamisa imhlophe 8-10 ngamaqanda amancane ansundu. Insikazi ifaka i-clutch izinsuku eziyi-14 ukuya kwezingu-17, bese iphuza amantshontsho ezinye izinsuku ezimbalwa, owesilisa uyondla yena namantshontsho. Bobabili abazali bondla amantshontsho izinsuku ezingaba ngu-20 esidlekeni nangelinye isonto ngemuva kokushiya isidleke. Izingane ezimbili ngaphezulu kwehlobo azijwayelekile.
Idla izinambuzane ezincane, kufaka phakathi nobusika, futhi idla imbewu emincane ye-coniferous ngemali encane. Ekupheleni kwehlobo nasekwindla, ama-broods ayazulazula, kufaka phakathi imihlambi exubile yezinyoni ezincane ezingavikeleki.
I-King-ekhanda eliphuziRegulus regus)
Ukuchazwa kweNkosi
Lezi zinyoni azivamile ukubonwa zodwa.. Bathanda ukuhlala emhlambini futhi bayinyoni enomusa kakhulu. Okunye okuphawuleka enkosini yithalente lakhe lokucula. Kodwa-ke, kuvela kwabesilisa kuphela abafinyelele eminyakeni emibili.
Kuyathakazelisa! Lezi zinsimbi zezingoma zisebenzisa izwi lazo ukuheha izintokazi, zixwayisa ngobungozi, zakha indawo yazo, futhi zixhumane.
Abesilisa bazijwayeza kakhulu ukucula ngesikhathi sokuzala, esiqala ngo-Ephreli kuze kube ngu-Agasti. Sonke isikhathi, izwi libakhonza kuphela ukuveza imizwa. Kuma-pine okhula ungakuzwa njalo ukuculwa kwamakhosi, noma kunjalo, ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obuncane, abantu abaningi abakwazi ukubona ukuthi bezwa ama-trill kabani. Kuyamangaza ukuthi amanothi aphakeme kakhulu wamakhosi ngezinye izikhathi awezwakala ngabantu abaneminyaka yobudala. Kungaphawulwa futhi ukuthi le nyoni iyinyoni kazwelonke yaseLuxembourg.
Ukubukeka
Kunezinhlobo eziyisikhombisa zomndeni ezitholakala e-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu i-kinglet ekhanda eliphuzi, ene "hat" ekhethekile ephuzi. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ngamaplamu. Kodwa-ke, zonke zinezimpaphe zeminqumo zomnqumo ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nesisu esimpunga (izintokazi zinombala ophelele kakhudlwana).
I-Korolek inokubukeka okukhumbulekayo kakhulu. Ubukhulu benkosi bunesizotha kakhulu. Ubude bungafiki ngamasentimitha ayi-10, nesisindo - amagremu ayi-12. Umzimba wakhe uyindilinga, ikhanda lakhe likhulu, nomsila nentamo yakhe mfushane. Uqhwaku ubukhali futhi mncane, njenge-awl. Izimpaphe ezincane ezimhlophe qhwa zimhlophe eduze kwamehlo, futhi emaphikweni kunemivimbo emhlophe emibili.
“Isigqoko” sichazwa ngemivimbo emnyama. Uphuzi ezinsikazi nakumaorenji kubalingani babo. Ngenkathi yengozi noma ukukhathazeka, leli iplamu eliqhakazile liyakhuphuka futhi lenze i-crst encane efana nomqhele. Mhlawumbe wabonga kuye ngokuthi inyoni ithole igama layo. Amakhosi amancane ahlukile ngokungabikho kwezimpaphe ezikhanyayo emakhanda abo.
Indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha
Amakhosi angummeleli wezinyoni osebenzayo, onobungane futhi onobungane kakhulu. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukuhlangana nabo ngokwehlukana, ngoba bakhetha ukuhlala emaphaketheni. Usuku lonke, lezi zinyoni zihlala zihamba, zifunda indawo ezungezile, noma zidlala nezihlobo. Zindiza zivela kwelinye igatsha ziye kwelinye, kwesinye isikhathi zithathe imiphumela eyindida. Zingabonakala kaningi zilenga ikhanda phansi. Kodwa-ke, kunzima kumuntu ukuthi aqaphele lezi zinyoni zisuka phansi, ngoba zifihla emiqhele yezihlahla.
Eduze nendawo yokuhlala abantu (izingadi noma izigcawu), amakhosi angayithanda i-spruce ephezulu kakhulu, noma ngabe isendaweni enomsindo. Isidleke ngokwesiko sinomoya emagatsheni amakhulu futhi ekuphakameni okukhulu komhlaba (cishe ngamamitha ayi-10). Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi lezi zinyoni zivumelana kalula nobukhona bomuntu futhi zisheshe zikujwayele imvelo eguqukayo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Amakhosi ajwayela ukukhetha i-spruce ephezulu kakhulu yokwakha isidleke. Imvamisa, zihlala emahlathini zikaphayini, futhi cishe akunakwenzeka ukuhlangana nalomuntu omele umndeni wama-Passerine emahlathini aqatha.
Bancamela ukuziphilela impilo yokuhlala phansi, futhi izindiza eziphoqelelwa kuphela ebusika. Kodwa-ke, Amakhosi ahlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho abonakala ngokufuduka ngaseningizimu. Ukuzulazula okunjalo kwenzeka minyaka yonke. Kwesinye isikhathi iba nkulu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi yenzeka cishe ngokungaziphathi. Amakhosi ajwayele ukubuyela emakhaya awo ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo.
Ebusika, bangakha imihlambi ndawonye nabanye abamele umndeni odlulayo, abasebenza ngawo izindiza ezinde futhi babe nendlela yokuphila efanayo. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokudlela amakhosi, amakhosi akhetha ukuthatha umhlalaphansi kwezinye izinyoni. Njengezinyoni eziningi ezincane, amakhosi azama ukubhekana neziqandisini ezinzima ndawonye. Bakhetha indawo ezolile futhi evikelekile kahle lapho ungashintshana khona nifudumale. Ngenxa yale ndlela yokushisa, bayakwazi ukusinda.
Kodwa-ke, ebusika obubanda kakhulu nobunamandla, Amakhosi amaningi ayafa. Lokhu kungenxa yendlala namaqhwa anamandla. Kepha ubukhulu bokuphakama kwalaba bameleli abanezinwele bubavumela ukuba bagweme ukuqothulwa. Amakhosi angahlala ekudingisweni. Kodwa-ke, abafuyi bezinyoni abanolwazi kuphela abakwaziyo ukubanakekela kahle bangabaxhasa, ngoba lezi izinyoni ezinamahloni kakhulu.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
Amakhosi afuna ukuhlala emahlathini ama-coniferous, ikakhulukazi athanda ukudla izidleke emahlathini angama-spruce. Kunemihlambi ehleliwe neyimisuka. Zitholakala ikakhulu eRussia nakwamanye amazwe ase-Europe (iFrance, iJalimane, i-Italy, iSpain, iGrisi).
Muva nje, kuye kwaba nomkhuba wokukhulisa amahlathi e-coniferous (banokufakelwa okuzwakalayo okungcono, bahlanze umoya kangcono futhi bangazehli inani elikhulu lamahlamvu), okufaka isandla ekwandeni kwesibalo samakhosi. Amathanga aminyene we-spruce awalungele kakhulu izinyoni, kepha laba abamele i-oda lama-passerine bavumelana kahle nokuphila ezimeni ezinjalo. Ezindaweni lapho inani lezinyoni likhule khona kakhulu, amakhosi ayaphoqeleka ukuba aye emahlathini axubekile. Phakathi kwazo, zizama ukukhetha lezo lapho kunama-oki amaningi.
Isabelo seNkosi
Yize i-Kinglet iyinyoni edlalwa kakhulu futhi enobungane, uyaphoqelelwa ukuba achithe isikhathi sakhe esiningi efuna ukudla. Ukucinga ukudla, amakhosi angajoyina emihlambini nezinye izinyoni ezincane futhi ngokuqhubekayo afune ukudla. Zihamba zihamba ngamagatsha ezihlahla, zihlola konke ukungalingani ebukeni, futhi ziphinde ziwele phansi zifuna izinambuzane ezincane.
Amakhosi angakwazi ukulengisa emoyeni isikhashana, ngemuva kwalokho asheshe aphuthume ebungeni futhi alibambe ngomlomo wawo omncane. Ukugcina amandla, le nyoni idinga inani elanele lamaprotheni. Usuku, inkosi ingadla amagremu ayisithupha okudla, acishe alingane nesisindo sawo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ubunzima obuthile iqiniso lokuthi umlomo wenkosi awukwazi ukuphula ukudla okuqinile. Ngakho-ke, uphoqelekile ukuba aneliswe ngokudla okuncane kuphela, okuvame ukumane ukugwinya.
Isisekelo sokudla kwalo ehlobo izinambuzane ezincane nezibungu, kanye namajikijolo aphakathi nendawo. Ebusika lingadlela imbewu ye-spruce. Izithwathwa ezinamandla kanye namaqhwa eqhwa kungaphoqa amakhosi ukuthi afune ukudla eduze nendawo yokuhlala yabantu. Uma ebusika i-Kinglet ihlala ingadli ihora, izokufa yindlala. Ngisho indlala imizuzu engu-10-12 inganciphisa isisindo sayo ngomzuzwana. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi, ngaphandle kosayizi wabo onesizotha, lezi zinyoni zingabhubhisa izinambuzane ezingaba yizigidi ezimbalwa ngonyaka.
Izitha zemvelo
Enye yezitha zemvelo ezaziwa kakhulu ngalezi zinyoni ngumbungulu wezagwaca, okuthi ukudla kwazo cishe kuhlanganiswe ngokuphelele nezinyoni ezincane. Kwesinye isikhathi izikhova zingayihlasela inkosi. Ama-squirrels, izinkuni ezinkulu noma amajezi amakhulu angadliwa amaqanda namachwane enkosi.
Futhi ezitheni zemvelo eziqondile zenkosi kungabikwa ukuthi izintuthwane zase-Argentina, zilethwe abantu ngokungazelele ogwini lwaseYurophu olwandle iMedithera. Lesi sinambuzane sishintsha ezinye izinhlobo zezintuthwane, ezinciphisa kakhulu inani lokudla kwamakhosi nezinye izakhamizi ezisehlathini elingaphezulu, zibaphoqa ukuthi basebenzise isikhathi esiningi bafuna ukudla.
Kunemininingwane ethile mayelana nama-parasites athinta hhayi amakhosi kuphela, noma ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni ezisondele kubo. Okujwayelekile kubo zingamakhaphethi ahlaselayo (izwe lakubo eliseNingizimu Melika). Ungase futhi uqaphele izinhlobo eziningana zezimpaphe izibungu, ukudla okuyisikhunta emzimbeni wenyoni.
Ukuzalela inzalo
Isikhathi sokuluthwa kwalaba bantu abamele ama-passerines siqala maphakathi no-Ephreli. Imihlambi ehlangene iyahlukana ukuze yakhe ngababili. I-Nesting yenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Isidleke senkosi siyindilinga, sithambile kancane emaphethelweni. Lincane ngosayizi futhi licishe lifinyeleleke phakathi kwamagatsha aqhakaza amaConifers. Imvamisa itholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-4 ukuya ku-12, ngakho-ke kunzima impela ukuyibona isuka emhlabathini, kanti nezinyoni ngalesi sikhathi zivame ukungabonwa.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukwakhiwa kwe-Nest kungumsebenzi wesilisa, osebenzisa ama-mosses, i-lichens, utshani obomile, amagatsha wewillow kanye nophayini njengezinto zokwakha.
I-Kinglet "iglue" iwebhu ngalokhu kwakhiwa. Ngaphakathi, isidleke siboshwe phansi, izimpaphe noboya zitholakele. Ukuqina okuqinile kuphoqa amachwane aqanjiwe ukuba anamathele ngokuqinile komunye nomunye, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ukuhlala emakhanda abafowethu nodade. Insikazi izalela amaqanda ayisikhombisa kuya kwayi-10, izizalela yona. Amaqanda mancane ngosayizi, amhlophe-aphuzi, anamabala amancane ansundu. Amabhucha aqala ukugoba ngosuku lweshumi nane. Amakhosi aqanjiwe kuphela angenazo izimpaphe, kuphela ekhanda kukhona i-fluff ekhanyayo.
Esontweni elizayo, umama usehlukanisiwe esidlekeni, efudumeza amaphuphu. Ngalesi sikhathi, owesilisa ubandakanyeka ekufuneni ukudla. Ngemuva kwalokho umama futhi uxhuma ukondla amachwane asekhulile kakade. Ekupheleni kwenyanga, ukukhula okuncane sekuqala ukuhlangana emihlambini bese kuhamba phakathi ehlathini ngifuna ukudla. NgoJulayi, insikazi ingazalela amaqanda futhi, kepha iyoba mbalwa (isuka ku-6 iye ku-8). NgoSepthemba-Okthoba, amakhosi amancane aqala isikhathi sokuncibilika, emva kwalokho athola umbala ojwayelekile kubantu abadala.
Isimo sabantu nenhlobo yezinhlobo
Eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, inani lenkosi eYurophu likhule kakhulu. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, waqala ukudla isidleke eFrance, ngonyaka wamashumi amathathu azinza eNetherlands, kwabe sekurekhodwa amacala okuvela kwakhe eDenmark. Kungekudala, iqiniso lokudlekwa kwalezi zinyoni endaweni yaseMorocco laphawulwa. Ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, endaweni yaseNgilandi, inkosi yafanelwa njengenyoni engavamile kakhulu, indiza, kodwa namuhla ivame kakhulu ogwini lwayo oluseningizimu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukwanda kwesibalo kuthakazelelwa ubusika obumnene, obuvumela amaKhosi ukuba ashiye izindiza ezinde nezinzima.
Kodwa-ke, ukwabiwa okuqhubekayo kwamakhosi kuyavinjwa ukungabikho kwezindawo ezifanele, kanye nesimo sezulu esibuhlungu. Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi njalo kubamba iqhaza elibi, okunciphisa kakhulu indawo lapho izinyoni zingahlala khona.
Okunye okubalulekile okunomthelela wokuvinjezelwa ekusatshalaliswa kwenani labantu ukungcoliswa kwemvelo. Kuhambisana nokuqongelwa kwesamba esikhulu sensimbi ezisindayo ezinqwabelana emhlabathini bese ziyibutha. Inani lamakhosi liyizinyoni ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-30, ngakho-ke ukulondolozwa kwalo kuchazwa njengokubangela ukukhathazeka okuncane.