Akukho kungabaza emehlweni alezi zilwane - phambi kwakho kukhona inyamazane. kepha kungani kuncane kangaka? Isisindo saso asidluli kuma-60kg, futhi ukuphakama kokubuna kufinyelela kancane ku-70-80cm!
Kulula, ngoba akuyona inceku elula - Roe deer - Ummeleli omncane nenhle womndeni wezinyamazane.
Ngabe kudlani ama-roe?
Yidla i-roe amakhambi ahlukahlukene, kanye nama-acorn atholakala emaphethelweni. Kumakhowe, abathandi kanye nama-agarics oju bathanda kakhulu, futhi ngamajikijolo - ama-lingonberry, ama-blueberries nama-sitrobheli. Futhi, ngeke abashiye ama-mosses nokukhula kwesihlahla.
Kudliwa amaqabunga, amahlumela nezihlahla zemithi nezihlahlana, kepha kuyaqabukela, futhi kutholakala kuphela imoyilo, i-birch, i-oki, imephu, iHazel kanye ne-raspberries. Lapho ubusika bufika, amaRoe deer ayaphoqelelwa ukuba adle izinaliti izihlahla zikaphayini futhi bangakwazi ngisho nokumba iqhwa ngezinselo zabo, bathola amaqabunga omile, i-ivy, ihhashi kanye nama-acorn ngaphansi kwalo.
Roe deer izilwane zasebusuku - zidla ebusuku nasekuseni.
Ukuzala kabusha kweRoe
AmaRoe deers, ngokungafani nezinye izinyamazane, akhetha ukuhlala yedwa futhi akha amaqembu amancane uma kunesidingo.
Njengomthetho, ehlobo, kumiswa amaqembu emindeni kamama nezinyamazane ezimbili, owesilisa nowesifazane abangenazingane bayahlukana. Amandla ebusika asebusika adonsela izinyamazane abe yimihlambi emincanyana - kulula ukusinda qhwa nendlala.
Isikhathi sokukhwelana siwela ezinyangeni zasehlobo nasekuqalekeni ekwindla. Abesilisa benza imisindo ekhangayo edonsela izinsikazi, baklebhule futhi basakaze umhlaba namahlamvu ngezimpondo zabo, balwe bodwa, bethola ukuthi ngubani onamandla. Owesilisa oqinile uzothola ilungelo lokuba yindoda yomndeni futhi adale usizi lwakhe.
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa eRoe deer sisuka ezinyangeni ezihlanu kuya kweziyi-10, konke kuya ngokuthi ukuqala kokuzala kwenzeka nini.
Uma ukukhula komzimba kwenzeka ekwindla, khona-ke emva kwezinyanga ezi-5, entwasahlobo, kuzalwa izimbotshana ezimbili.
Kepha uma owesifazana ekhulelwa ehlobo, hhayi ekwindla, ukukhulelwa kuzoba nesikhathi sokugcina - uhlobo “lokumisa isikhashana” lapho ingane iyeka okwesikhashana ukukhula - bese kuthi ukukhulelwa kuhlale izinyanga eziyishumi kuze kube ihlobo elilandelayo.
I-Roe deer - lolu kuphela uhlobo lwenyamazane olunenkathi yokugcina ukukhulelwa, luyadingeka ukuze izingane zingazalwa ebusika, lapho ukuntuleka kokudla nokubanda kuzobenza ukuba bafe ngokushesha.
Ngokwesilinganiso, izinyamazane ezimbili zizalwa eRoe deer; izingane zizalwa ngo-Ephreli-Julayi. Zinezikhumba ezinamachashazi amnyama futhi ziyakwazi ukuhamba futhi zisheshane ngokushesha, kepha zibuthakathaka kakhulu futhi zingawela kalula eminyangweni yezilwane ezidla ezinye, ngakho-ke zichitha izinsuku zazo zokuqala zokuphila ziphephile, ziphuza ubisi lukamama, zikhule futhi zizuze amandla.
Ehlobo lonke, izingane zichitha eduze kukanina, izingane ziba ngabantu abadala ngonyaka olandelayo, ezineminyaka engu-14 kuya kwezingu-16 ubudala.
Isikhathi sokuphila sikaRoe esiyiminyaka eyi-10, kwesinye isikhathi baphila kuze kube yi-15.
Incazelo nezici zezinyamazane ze-roe deer
Roe deer (Latin Capreolus) - isilwane somndeni wezinyamazane, isigaba sezilwane ezincelisayo, iqembu lama-artiodactyls. Amanye amagama - u-roe, imbuzi yasendle. Lesi yinyathi encane enomusa. Inomzimba omfushane onciphile futhi ongaphansi ophansi uma uqhathaniswa emuva.
Isisindo esivamile sowesilisa sisukela kuma-22 kuye kwangama-32 kg, ubude bomzimba sisuka ku-108 siye ku-125 cm, ukuphakama lapho kubuna kusuka ku-65 kuye ku-80 cm. Owesifazane mncane kakhulu, kepha ikakhulukazi uhluke kakhulu kowesilisa. Ukubukeka kujwayelekile kuyinyamazane.
Ikhanda linemfushane, lilinganisa ukusuka endlebeni kuye ekhaleni, izindlebe ziyaqothuka futhi zikhombe ekugcineni, amehlo alikhulu futhi ane-bulge, abafundi bancipha kancane, banentamo ende, imilenze imincanyana, imilenze yangemuva incane kunaleyangaphambili, izinselo ezincane, umsila mncane. Ungabona ngokucacile isithombe se-dee deer.
Kwabesilisa izimpondo usayizi omncane omncane okhula cishe ngokuqondile. Ubude bawo busuka ku-15 kuye ku-30 cm nobude obu-10 kuye ku-15 cm. Zinezamagatsha amathathu, okuphakathi kuwo kuthambekele phambili. E-dee deer deer, izimpondo ziqala ukukhula ngenyanga yesi-4 yokuphila, futhi zikhula ngokuphelele ngenyanga yesithathu yokuphila. Izinsikazi azikhulisi izimpondo.
Bonke abantu abadala banejazi le-monochromatic, kepha bayashintsha ngokuya ngesizini: ngenkathi efudumele iba bomvu obumnyama, kumakhaza iba nsundu. Indawo yomsila ihlotshiswe indawo encane enombala omhlophe.
Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zinezinwele ezibone Lokhu kubasiza ukuba bacashe phakathi kwezimila zehlathi eziluhlaza. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili noma ezintathu, umbala uya ngokuya ufana nakubantu abadala futhi amabala anciphe kancane kancane.
Kunezinhlobo ezi-5 zezinyamazane ezinama-roe deer. Ubukhulu obukhulu kakhulu kunokubukeka kwaseYurophu (ubude 1 - 1.35 m, isisindo esingu-20 - 35 kg, ukuphakama okungu-0.75 - 0.9 m), ubukhulu be-Asia - eliphakathi, iSiberia - ngobukhulu kunabo bonke (ngokwesilinganiso ubude be-1.5 m, isisindo esingaphezu kwama-50 kg).
Roe Habitat
Okuyinhloko indawo yokuhlala yezinyamazane etholakala eYurophu. Indawo yokuhlala isuka maphakathi neScandinavia iye eGulf of Finland. Futhi, lesi silwane siyatholakala emazweni ase-Asia Minor, e-Iran, e-Iraq, eCaucasus, esifundeni saseCrimea. Imingcele yomkhakha wezindawo idlula eKazakhstan, eMongolia, Korea, eTibet nakwamanye amazwe.
Imvamisa, kukhethwa indawo yokuhlala ihlathi lapho kuhlala khona, ikakhulukazi izindawo eziseduzane nezigodi zemifula. Futhi, zingaphila zombili ku-coniferous (kepha phambi kobukhona obuthambile), kanye nasehlathini eziqabayo. Ezinye izinhlobo zizizwa zizinhle ezintabeni zase-Central Asia. Kulezo zindawo lapho i-steppe itholakala khona, akukho ndawo eyihlane noma ugwadule.
Bancamela ukuphila impilo yokuhlala bonke unyaka wonke. Abantu bahlukaniswe ngamaqembu ambalwa futhi akhiwe endaweni ethile. Ngisho nasezikhathini ezibandayo ikakhulukazi, umhlambi awuthuthukisi indawo enamahektha angaphezu kwama-2. Ekwindla nasentwasahlobo, thuthela ebangeni elingafika ku-20 km.
Ekwindla, bakhetha ukuya ezindaweni ezinamaqhwa amancane futhi badle okunye ukudla. Ngokushisa kwentwasahlobo, bathuthela ezindaweni zamadlelo ehlobo. Esikhathini esishisayo sehlobo, amadlelo asesikhathini esipholile sosuku, futhi lapho ukushisa sekugcwele ngokuphelele - alala otshanini noma ezihlahleni.
Ehlobo, umuntu ngamunye ugcina ngokuhlukile kude nabanye, evikela insimu yakhe. Lapho kuphela isikhathi sokukhwelana, bahlangana emhlanjini omkhulu, inani labo lingashiyana kusuka kwabangu-30 kuye kwabayi-100. Iqembu elinjalo lihlala esakhiweni esingaba ngamahektha ayi-1000.
Ngokwesilinganiso, inani labantu likhuphuka ngaphezu kwendawo ethize ebheke enyakatho iye eningizimu: esifundeni se-pritazhnoy, umuntu ngamunye ngokuwa kwe-1000 ha, emahlathini axutshwe futhi aqine ukusuka ema-30 kuye kwangama-60, ehlathini-isisekelo - kusuka kumakhanda angama-50 kuye kwangama-120.
Ukuzala kabusha kweRoe Deer ne-Life Span
I-Roe deer iqala ehlobo, ubude bayo buba sezinyanga ezintathu (kusukela ngoJuni kuya ku-Agasti, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kuze kube kuSepthemba). Isibonelo, ezinhlotsheni zaseYurophu, ukuqala kwe-rut kwenzeka ngoJuni, ngenkathi ku Izinyamazane zaseSiberia - lokhu kuphakathi no-Agasti.
Ukuqala kokukhula kuyahlukahluka ngokuya ngobude bomhlambi. Futhi futhi okude kakhulu ukusuka empumalanga kuye entshonalanga nokusuka enyakatho kuye eningizimu, ekuqaleni konke konke kuqala. Isibonelo, cabanga isikhathi esithandekayo sezilwane zase-Austrian: ezindaweni eziphansi - Julayi 20 - Agasti 7, emagqumeni - Juni 25 - Agasti 15, ezintabeni - Agasti 3 - Agasti 20. Inani elincane kakhulu labesifazane, i-estrus iqala ekwindla sekwephuzile (Septhemba - Disemba).
Ngalesi sikhathi, izilwane azinakekeli kangako, futhi abesilisa bacishe bayeke ukudla futhi baxoshe abesifazane. Isimo sabo sengqondo ngabantu besifazane sinolaka impela - bangashaya ngezimpondo. Ekuqaleni, ukugijima kwenzeka emjikelezweni wobubanzi obukhulu, isikhathi eside - ubukhulu obuncane besiyingi.
Futhi ekugcineni, ukuphishekela kwenzeka eduze kwesihlahla, isihlahla noma umgodi, futhi umgudu wokunyakaza ufana nesibalo esiyisishiyagalombili noma umbuthano osuka kumamitha ayi-1.5 kuye kwayi-6 ububanzi. Lapho-ke owesimame eyeka ukugijima, owesilisa enze amakheji ambalwa. Bese izilwane ziphumula.
Emvelweni, endle, kuvame kakhulu ukuba owesilisa ajahe insikazi eyodwa, okuvame ukuba inani elikhudlwana. Futhi okuphambene nalokho - owesilisa oyedwa ushayela insikazi eyodwa, ngokuvamisile - ngaphezulu. Yize esikhathini esisodwa sokuzala akwazi ukufaka umquba kuze kube yizintokazi eziyisithupha. Amabhuzu ama-roe wesikhathi eside awadali.
Lezi zilwane kungukuphela kwabantu abangatheni abathola isikhathi sokukhulelwa (esifihliwe) sokukhulelwa - ukubambezeleka okwesikhashana ekwakhiweni kweqanda elivundisiwe. Lezo zinyamazane ezikhulelwe ekwindla sekwephuzile azinaso isikhathi sokuphamba. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, izilwane ziziphatha ngokucophelela nangokucophelela.
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa sithatha izinyanga eziyi-6 ukuya kwezi-10, kepha ngokwesilinganiso amaviki angama-40. Ezimbuzini eYurophu, eCrimea naseCaucasus, kuzozalwa amawundlu ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo - ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Imbuzi eyodwa noma ezimbili zizalwa ngasikhathi, kwesinye isikhathi ezintathu noma ezine.
Isikhathi sokuzalwa siguqulwa esimeni sakamuva sisuka eningizimu siye enyakatho futhi sisuka entshonalanga siye empumalanga. Ngaphambi kokuzala (cishe inyanga eyi-1), ama-roe deer athatha indawo ethile lapho ahlela khona ukuzala futhi axoshe abanye abantu.
Esikhathini esiningi, okuthandwa kakhulu kunikezwa ezindaweni ezisemaphethelweni ehlathi, emahlathini amahlahla noma otshanini, lapho ungacasha khona futhi kunokudla okuningi. Ngokuvamile ukuzala kuvame ukwenzeka emini futhi endaweni efanayo unyaka nonyaka.
URoe, ozelwe, usezinkomeni cishe isonto. Njengoba besakwazi ukusiza, umama akahambi kude. Ngemuva kwesonto, amathole aqala ukulandela umama wawo, bese kuthi ngemuva kwamabili - angabe esamshiya.
Zincanca ubisi zize zibe nezinyanga ezintathu ubudala, yize ziqala ukudla utshani kusukela enyangeni yokuqala. Ekupheleni kwesifundo (ngesikhathi sakhe, gcina kude ukuze owesilisa onolaka angalimazi noma abulale) balandela umama wabo kuze kube sentwasahlobo.
Ukudla kwenyamazane
Esikhathini sesikhathi lapho kungekho -sembozo weqhwa, isithako esiyinhloko ekudleni kwama-roe deer yizitshalo ze-herbaceous. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo nokuqhuma kweqhwa, kufakwa amahlumela amahlumela, okuvame kakhulu - amahlumela kaphayini noma ngesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi.
Zithanda amajikijolo (umlotha wentaba, i-viburnum, i-bird cherry, ama-blueberries, ama-blueberries, ama-lingonberry nabanye abaningi), futhi ungawanaki amakhowe. Bangakwazi ukukha ama-aphula, uma ekhona, noma badle i-rowan.
Ezinyangeni ezishisayo, badinga ukucebisa lokhu kudla ngamaminerali. Ngakho-ke, baya kuma-solonetzes, adalwe ngokwemvelo nangomenzi. Ngokuvamile i-solonetz yenziwa kaningana ngonyaka: Ephreli-Meyi, Julayi, ngaphambi nangemva kokuzala, Septhemba-Okthoba.
Ukuthola ubunzima obukhulu kunabo bonke inyamazane ebusika ebusikaikakhulukazi ngesiwombe sesibili. Ngalesi sikhathi, badla utshani obonakala ngaphezulu kwesembozo seqhwa, bangahle baphule iqhwa badle utshani obukhula bube ngaphansi.
Noma bafuna izindawo ezishayelwa ngumoya kahle (eduze namatshe namatshe). Uma ungqimba lweqhwa lukhulu kakhulu futhi kunzima ukulukhumula - funa amagatsha ezihlahla nezihlahla ezingaphansi kwezihlahla ezinamandla (ngokwesibonelo, i-aspen, i-birch).
Roe deer ukuzingela
IRoe deer ihlukaniswa njengohlobo lokuzingela ezifundeni eziseningizimu ngenxa yokuvela kwayo okuphezulu. Futhi inyama yenkomo kubhekwe kunenzuzo kakhulu futhi kunempilo. Emazweni amaningi asempumalanga izitsha ze-roe kuyimfihlo ejwayelekile.
Labo abangazingeli bangathenga inyama ye-roe. Kuyathengiswa naku-Intanethi. Kulabo abanentshisekelo indlela yokupheka i-roe deerKunezindlela eziningi zokupheka zama-roe deer ezingatholakala kwi-Intanethi.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ukuzingela kwezinja:
Lapho ukuzingela kuvame ukusetshenziswa i-roe decoyokuyizinhlobo ezimbili. Abanye abazingeli ukuzingela ngokukhanya, kufakwa emotweni ithuluzi elikhethekile elibizwa ngokuthi isibani sekhanda.
Njengoba ama-roe deer esebenza kakhulu ebusuku, izinyamazane zizingelwa ebusuku. Ilayisensi yokuzingela i-roe deer inikezwa ukudubula umuntu oyedwa ngesizini futhi ibiza cishe ama-ruble angama-400.
Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat
Ngaphandle kokwehluka kwezinhlobo, indawo ebanzi yokusatshalaliswa, izindawo eziyintandokazi zohlobo lwe-roe deer ziyafana. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ama-steppes amahlathi, ama-deciduous akhanyayo noma amahlathi axubile nokucaciswa, ukucaciswa. Izilwane zisebenzisa amanzi amaningi, ngakho-ke zivame ukutholakala kuma-shrubbery osebeni lwamachibi.
I-taiga eluhlobo olumnyama ngaphandle kwesixhumo sezimbuzi zasendle ayidonseki ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla, isembozo seqhwa esiphakeme ebusika. Ukusuka ekwindla kuye entwasahlobo, izilwane zakha imihlambi emincane, ifinyelela kwizilwane ezingama-20; ehlobo, umuntu ngamunye uphila ngokuzimela.
Lapho kushisa, izingulube ziklabha ekuseni, kusihlwa nasebusuku, zikhetha ukulinda ukushisa emthunzini wezihlahla. Ngemuva kokuvuthwa, kusuka ngo-Okthoba kuze kube sekupheleni kukaNovemba, ukuzulazula endaweni ebusika kuqala lapho ufuna ukudla noma ngenxa yokushintsha okubukhali kwezimo zezulu. Ukuhamba amabanga amade kwenzeka ebusuku, endleleni izindlela ezifudukayo zivame ukuhlangana neminye imihlambi emincane.
Lapho zifika kule ndawo, izilwane zilala ehlathini, zinqamula iqhwa emhlabathini ongenalutho endaweni yokulala. Ngomoya onamandla balala. Esimweni sezulu esishisayo, ezolile, bakhetha ukuhlela izindawo zokuphumula kude nomunye.
Zihlelwe ngendlela yokuthi zilawule isikhala esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngasikhathi sinye, umoya kufanele uvungule usuka emuva ukuze unuke umhlaseli isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba usondele.
Ukuhamba amabanga amade kungokwesele yaseSiberia. Esigabeni sokusatshalaliswa kwezinhlobo zaseYurophu, isimo sezulu sincane, kulula ukuthola ukudla, ngakho-ke ukufuduka kukhawulelwe ekuguqukeni okungabalulekile. Abantu abasuselwa emithambekeni yezintaba behlela ezindaweni eziphansi ebusika noma bathuthela kwelinye ithambeka, lapho kuneqhwa elingaphansi kweqhwa.
Izimbuzi zasendle zingababhukudi abahle kakhulu abakwazi ukuwela i-Cupid. Kepha ukuqina okungenhla okungama-30 cm ezilwaneni zase-Europe kanye nama-50 cm kwabaseSiberia kubangela ubunzima bokuhamba. Ukukhula osemncane kwehla ezinyaweni zawo kuqweqwe lweqhwa futhi kuvame ukuba yisisulu sezimpisi, izimpungushe, izindunduma noma ama-harzas. Roe deer ebusika izama ukuhamba ezindleleni ezishaywayo ukuze zingakhungatheki eqhweni.
Ngobusika obubandayo obunokufakwa okuhlala isikhathi eside, ngaphezu kokuhlaselwa kwabazingeli, umhlambi ubhekene nenye ingozi. Ukufa kwabantu abaningi kwenzeka ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuthola ukudla.
Entwasahlobo, amaqembu abuyela emadlelo ehlobo, ahlukane, futhi umuntu ngamunye uhlala endaweni yakhe yamamitha-skwele angama-2-3. km Esimweni ezolile, izilwane zihamba ngegxathu noma trot, engozini zenza gxuma, zisakazeka ngaphezulu komhlaba. Amehlo abo awakhiwa kahle, kepha ukuzwa, ukunuka kusebenza kahle.
Incazelo yezilwane
I-Roe deer iyisilwane esincane somusa esinomzimba omfishane kanye nesincanyana kanye nengxenye yangaphansi yangaphambili eqhathaniswa ngemuva. Ngokwesilinganiso, isisindo sowesilisa asidluli amakhilogremu angamashumi amathathu nambili. Ngobude bomzimba wamasentimitha ayikhulu namashumi amabili nanhlanu, ukukhula lapho kubuna akubanga ngaphezu kwamashumi ayisishiyagalombili amasentimitha. Izinsikazi zincanyana kancane, kepha, njengomthetho, azihlukile kakhulu ngokubukeka kubesilisa.
Inhloko ye-Roe deer ifushane, ixubha kahle ngokusuka endlebeni kuya ekhaleni. Izindlebe ziwela futhi zikhombe kancane emaphethelweni. Amehlo makhulu futhi aqhakaze kancane. Intamo yinde futhi inemisipha. Imilenze imincane, imilenze yangemuva yinde kuneyangaphambili. Zinezinselo ezincane. Umsila mncane kakhulu. Ikhanda lezinyamazane zoduna lihlotshiswe ngezimpondo ezincane ezinamagatsha, lukhula cishe lubheke phezulu. Ubude bawo buqala ngamasentimitha ayishumi nanhlanu kuya kwamashumi amathathu, futhi ubukhulu bawo abudluli amasentimitha ayishumi nanhlanu. Izimpondo zinamagatsha amathathu, inqubo ephakathi ithambekele phambili kancane.
Kumawundlu, izimpondo zivela enyangeni yesine yokuphila, kepha zikhula ngokuphelele ngeminyaka emithathu kuphela. Abesifazane abanazo izimpondo.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Photo: Sibiyaan Roe Deer
Inyama eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-roe deer ibhekisa ezincelisayo ezinama-herbivorous, artiodactyl. Ungowomndeni wezinyamazane, umndeni wezinyamazane zoxhaka. Okhokho basendulo bohlobo yiMiocene munjacks. Ososayensi baphawula ukuthi e-Upper Miocene ne-Lower Pliocene kulo lonke elaseYurophu nase-Asia kwakuhlala iqembu lezilwane elalinezimpawu eziningi ezivamile ezinamaphaphu zanamuhla. Kuze kube muva nje, izingwekazi zaseSiberia bezilokhu zihlala kuso sonke isikhathi sezulu esishisayo.
Ijazi lezinwele
Zonke izilwane ezindala zimbozwe ngoboya be-monochromatic, ohlukahluka ngokuya ngesikhathi sonyaka: ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo-sasehlobo sibomvu ngombala, ngenkathi yasekwindla-ebusika iba nsundu. Eduzane nomsila kukhona indawo emhlophe emhlophe. Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zinezingubo ezinhle ezinamabala. Lokhu kuyabavumela ukuba bacashe emithini eluhlaza ehlaza ezitheni. Umbala uyashintsha ube ngumuntu osemdala ngezinyanga eziyisithupha kusukela azalwa.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Photo: Sibiyaan Roe Deer
Ubude bomzimba walomeleli womndeni wezinyamazane awudluli amamitha owodwa nesigamu. Ukuphakama komzimba ngokubuna ngamasentimitha angama-80-95. Isisindo somuntu omdala ngamakhilogremu angama-30 - 45. Abesilisa bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane, kodwa lokhu akumelwe.
AmaRoe deer abe nesigaxa esincane, esithile. Ubukhulu beswazi abudluli amasentimitha angama-20- 22. Kukhona izimpondo eziphakeme ekhanda, i-odne okuthi kwezinye izimo ifinyelele kuhafu wemitha. Izimpondo zivame kakhulu ukusakazeka. Izimpondo ezinde ezinhle zigqokwa ngabesilisa kuphela. Abesifazane abanazo nhlobo, noma banezimpondo ezincane, ezivele ngaphandle zangaphandle.
Ividiyo: ISeriya Roe Deer
Uboya ebusika bukhulu nge-tint ebomvu. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, umbala ompunga we-hairline uyaphambili, kanti isibuko esimhlophe esifundeni somsila siba umbala ofanayo nomzimba wonke. Uboya buthulula kabili ngonyaka. Ehlobo, uboya buba mncane futhi bufushane. Abesifazane nabesifazane banombala ofanayo.
Ekhanda kukhona izindlebe ezishayekile, eziyindilinga. IRoe deer ihlukaniswa ngamehlo amakhulu amnyama anabafundi be-oblique. Isilwane sinentamo ende, enomusa ngaphandle kwe-mane. Kwabesilisa kunamandla futhi kuqinile kunakwabesifazane. Izinyamazane zaseSiberia zinezinyawo ezinde, ezithambile. Amabhande angaphambili amafushane kancane kunezinyawo ezingemuva. Ngenxa yalokhu, umgogodla ugobe kancane phambili. Kunomsila omncane oyindilinga, ozungezwe yindandatho yoboya obumhlophe, obizwa ngokuthi isibuko.
Esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ehlobo, abesilisa sebethuthukise kakhulu izindlala zemfihlo, ikakhulukazi, i-sebaceous nesithukuthuku. Ngosizo lwabo, abesilisa bashiya izimpawu ezibonisa ukuthi bangabensimu ethile. Izinyamazane zaseSiberia zinezindlebe ezinhle kakhulu, ezikhuliswe kahle futhi zinephunga.
Ihlala kuphi inyamazane yaseSiberia?
Photo: Siberian Roe Deer Red Book
Indawo yokuhlala ibanzi.
Indawo yokuhlala yezinyamazane zaseSiberia:
- Izifunda ezisenyakatho neMongolia,
- I-Western China
- E-Asia Ephakathi
- Yakutia
- ETransbaikalia
- ISiberia
- Ural.
Okhokho balolu hlobo lwama-artiodactyls ezinsukwini zakudala bakhetha insimu yama-steppes amahlathi okuziphilisa. Kodwa-ke, ngokwanda kwemingcele yendawo ethuthukiswe umuntu, bathuthela emahlathini. AmaRoe deer akhetha njengendawo yokuhlala yendawo lapho angaphephela khona kalula futhi athole ukudla kalula. Uma kungekho zinkinga ngokudla, kepha kunobunzima ngendawo yokuhlala, isilwane ngeke sigcine lapha. Lokhu kungenxa yentuthuko yomqondo wokuzivikela.
URoe deer ohlala emasimini emvula angavikelekile ale ndawo - inyamazane elula yezinyamazane.
Bancamela izinyawo zeziqongo zezintaba, indawo enamadwala, izihlahla eziphakeme, ugu lwezindawo zokugcina izitebhisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zilwane ezintekenteke ziyazithanda izimbali, ezinde, zotshani obukhulu. Imvamisa ungathola izinyamazane zaseSiberia endaweni eyi-marshland, emahlathini acijile, aqinile, emkhakheni wezolimo. Banekhwalithi enhle kakhulu yokuzivumelanisa nensimu elinywayo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lezi zilwane ezibonakala zithambile zibekezelela ngokuphelele isithwathwa esibandayo, esiphikelelayo.
Izici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zithinta ukukhethwa kwendawo yokuhlala: ukutholakala komthombo wamandla, indawo yokukhosela nokuphakama kwesembozo seqhwa. Ukuphakama okuvumelekile kwesendlalelo seqhwa kungamamitha ayi-0.5. Uma ukuphakama kudlula lolu phawu, ama-artiodactyl abheka enye indawo lapho ikhava leqhwa lingaphansi kakhulu. Esinye isimo esibalulekile ukuthi iqhwa alihlali emhlabathini isikhathi esiningi sonyaka.
Ngabe udlani waseSiberia?
Isithombe: Owesilisa Siberian Roe Deer
Izinyamazane zama-roe zaseSiberia ziyimithi yokubulala ukhula. Kodwa-ke, ngeke kushiwo ukuthi zidla otshanini bunye kuphela. Izilwane zingadla amakhowe, amajikijolo, amahlumela amasha, amaqabunga. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kudliwa buds ezihlahleni. Bancamela amakhambi anoshukela, amasha. Bangadla imifino eyomile, okusanhlamvu ngokungabikho kokudla.
Ukuze izinto ezidingekayo zamaminerali zingene emzimbeni, ama-roe deer adla ama-solonetzes, noma afune imithombo yamanzi ecebiswe ngamaminerali wokunisela. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokudla amawundlu, isidingo samaminerali sanda kaningana.
Isikhathi esinzima kunazo zonke sezinyamazane zaseSiberia sithathwa njengokuphela kobusika. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho bezwa ukushoda okukhulu kokudla okune-mineral, kanye noketshezi. Lapho amachibi ebanda, iqhwa lingadla izidingo zamanzi omzimba. Ebusika, lapho kungekho kudla, amaConifers angadla.
Uhlelo lokugaya ama-artiodactyls lunesisu esincane. Kulokhu, ama-roe deer adla kancane. Kodwa-ke, i-metabolism esebenzayo idinga ukudla njalo. Emini, okungenani izidlo ezingama-7-10 zibonwa kumuntu oyedwa omdala. Ukudla kwansuku zonke komuntu oyedwa kunqunywa isisindo somzimba wakhe futhi cishe amakhilogremu 2-2,5 wezimila eziluhlaza. Ngenkathi ebandayo, inani lokudla nsuku zonke liyancishiswa, njengoba kunjalo nokuqukethwe kwekhalori.
Ezimweni zokushoda kokudla, ukuncintisana okunamandla kuyakhula phakathi kwabanye abamele abanye abangabumbeli nabalumbi be-Siberia. Ebusika, lapho kungekho mthombo wamandla, izinyamazane ezisebenza ngezimbila zimba iqhwa labo ngezinselo zazo, zikhipha izitshalo ezomile. Bayakwazi ukuzitholela ukudla kwabo ngaphansi kwezingqimba zeqhwa, ubukhulu bawo bufinyelela engxenyeni yemitha.
Isithombo
Ezinyamazaneni eYurophu, eCaucasus naseCrimea, kuvela inzalo ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Azikho ngaphezu kwezingane ezimbili ezizalwa. Izinyamazane ezisanda kuzalwa zitholakala otshanini isikhathi esingangesonto. Njengoba behluleka ngokuphelele ukusiza, umama akahambi kude nabo. Ngemuva kwesonto, izingane ziqala ukulandela unina ngokungagudli, futhi emasontweni amabili kamuva azimshiyi.
Ngabe kudlani ama-roe deer ehlathini? Ukudla kwakhe okwamanje ngalesi sikhathi sekwanele: amakhambi, izihlahlana, amaqabunga nezinye izimila. Izinsana ezifika ezinyangeni ezintathu ubudala zidla ubisi lwebele, yize zidla ukudla kwezitshalo kusuka enyangeni yokuqala.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Photo: Sibiyaan Roe Deer
Kulezi zilwane kunephethini lokujikeleza kwansuku zonke. Izikhathi zamadlelo nokuhamba kuzo zihlangana nokuhlafuna ukudla nokuphumula, ukulala. Izilwane ezisebenza kakhulu neziselula ekuseni. Izilwane zichitha isikhathi sabo esiningi zilele phansi. Imibhede ingamapulatifomu athi asula yiqhwa nezimila ezomileyo ngezinselo zawo. Imvamisa, izinyamazane zaseSiberia zikhetha izindawo zokulala emaphethelweni edlelo, noma ehlathini.
Ngokwemvelo, izingulube zaseSiberia akuzona izilwane ezihlala zodwa. Bahlangana ngamaqembu amancane abantu abayi-7-12. Leli qembu liqukethe owesilisa, abesifazane abaningi nezilwane ezincane. Ngenkathi ebandayo, amaqembu amancane angahlangana emhlanjini, akha amakhanda afinyelela kwabathathu. Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, baphinda bahlakazeke.
Ukusebenza kwansuku zonke kuncike ezicini eziningana: isikhathi esithile, inani labantu emhlambini, ubukhulu bcindezi lwe-anthropogenic. Ebusika, umsebenzi ophakeme kakhulu ubonakala ekuseni, ehlobo - ebusuku nakusihlwa. Ngokucindezelwa kwe-anthropogenic, umsebenzi ophakeme kakhulu wabantu ngabanye futhi uvele ebumnyameni.
Izinyamazane zama-roe zaseSiberia zinamathele ebangeni elithile. Sebefundile insimu ethile, bavame ukubuyela kaninginingi lapho. Abesilisa bahlanganisa insimu ethile, ephawulwa ngokufiphala ngebunzi nangentamo emelene nezihlahla. Bangakwazi nokumba izinselo zomhlaba, bashiye imfihlo phakathi kwezinduna zeminwe kuyo. Umuntu oyedwa wesilisa omdala uhlala endaweni engamahektha angama-20 kuye kwangama-150. Njengomthetho, impahla yabesilisa ayidluleli. Ukubekwa kwezigaba ngakunye kungenzeka kuphela ekuxineni okukhulu.
Akujwayelekile ukuthi abesilisa bangene emazweni aphesheya. Lapho kuqala isizini entsha ngayinye, abesilisa abadala bawina amalungelo abo okuba nensimu.
Izinyamazane zaseSiberia zibhekwa njengezilwane ezinokuthula, nezingangqubuzani. Ngisho naphakathi kwabesilisa, izingxabano azivami ukuvela. Lapho kuvela impikiswano, bavame ukukhombisa amandla phambi komphikisi. AmaRoe deers enza imisindo eminingi ehlukene.
Izimpawu zomsindo ezijwayelekile zezinyamazane zaseSiberia:
- Ikhwela. Kubonakala ngokuxhumana kowesifazane namawundlu akhe. Uyisibonakaliso sokukhathazeka, ukukhathazeka.
- Hissing, snorting. Ubonisa ulaka, ukucasuka.
- Ukukhonkotha. Bangakwazi ukushicilela abantu abaphazamisekile nabethukile.
- Groan Ishicilela isilwane esiboshwe.
- Ukugxuma okunomsindo, ukushayisana kwezinselo. Kuwuphawu lwesimo somqondo wobungozi, ukwesaba.
Ekukhulumisaneni kwabantu ngabanye, indima ebalulekile idlalwa ngolimi olungaxutshwe nalutho. Ngakho-ke, banikezana ama-alamu, izingcingo zokundiza, njll. AmaRoe deer athambekele ukugijima ngokushesha futhi agxume phezulu. Ezama ukubalekela ukujaha, izinyamazane zaseSiberia zenza gxuma elingaphezu kwamamitha amahlanu ukuphakama.
Ngabe ama-roe deer adlani emvelweni?
Lapho kungenasembozo seqhwa emasimini lapho kuhlala khona izingulube, isisekelo sokudla kwabo ngotshani namakhasi amancane. Zidlani izinyamazane zasendle ebusika? Ngokuqina kokuqala nokuwa kweqhwa, ukudla kuyindlala - izilwane kufanele ziyaneliswa ngamahlumela ngezihlahla, futhi ikakhulukazi ezikhathini ezilambile ispruce noma amahlumela zikaphayini. AmaRoe deer anobunzima obukhethekile bokudla okwenziwa engxenyeni yesibili yobusika. Ngalesi sikhathi, utshani obutholwa yizilwane, ukuqhekeza iqhwa, amagatsha esihlahla sangaphansi, izihlahla ezingaphansi komhlaba kwezihlahla ezinqenayo (i-birch, i-aspen) - konke lokhu yikho konke lokhu kudla okudlayo emhlabeni. Lapho zifuna utshani, lezi zilwane ziyakwazi ukudwengula izindawo ezinkulu ngezinselo zazo.
Ngabe kudlani ama-roe deer ogwini loLwandle Olumnyama?
Ukudla okucebile ngokudla kwalezi zilwane ezindaweni eziseningizimu. Futhi lapha kusekelwe otshanini nezihlahla ezingaphansi. Kepha kulesi sifunda amajikijolo ahlukahlukene, ama-apula ngisho namakhowe ayengezelelwa wona - nakhu udliwa yizinyamazane eLwandle Olumnyama, ngaphandle kokudla okujwayelekile kwesitshalo.
Ehlobo, ama-roe deer adinga ukubuyisa lokhu kudla ngamaminerali emlilweni. Ngakho-ke, izilwane ziya kumakhambi kasawoti enziwe ngemvelo nangomenzi. Ukukhiqizwa kukasawoti kwenzeka kaningi ngonyaka: ngo-Ephreli-Meyi, Julayi, ngaphambi nangemva kokuzala, ngoSepthemba-Okthoba.
Emithambekeni yezintaba kunezikhonkwane zikasawoti ezomile. Lokhu kungqimba lwedwala elixegayo. Ngezinyawo zazo zangaphambili, izilwane zimba izimbobo futhi zifika kule ungqimba. Kwesinye isikhathi izintambo zikasawoti ziwudaka omnyama owuketshezi ezindaweni eziphansi, osebeni lwamachibi nasemachibini amancane. Kwesinye isikhathi ungqimba kasawoti ubonakala emaqhugwaneni, ubuye udliwe ngumbethe wezinwele.
Izintambo zikasawoti zokufakelwa kudala bezilungele abazingeli. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bakhetha amasayithi akhiwe ekuhlanganeni kwezindlela zokushintshwa kwama-roe deer. Indawo encane ihlanza ngokuphelele kusuka kusod, ngosizo lwenduku ekhonjisiwe, kwenziwa ama-grooves lapho kuthululelwa khona isisombululo soketshezi se-sodium chloride. Izilwane ngephunga nangezinye izimpawu, ezaziwa yizo kuphela, zithola i-solonetz futhi ziyivakashela njalo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Sibiyaan Roe Deer
Isikhathi sokukhwelana siqala ezilwaneni kusuka maphakathi noJulayi futhi sithatha inyanga eyodwa nohhafu kuya ezinyangeni ezimbili. Abesilisa bahlala besesha abesifazane njalo; abadli lutho ngalesi sikhathi. Abesifazane abathathwa njengabaneminyaka emibili babhekwa njengabakhulile ngokomzimba. Uma befaka izicelo ezimbalwa zelungelo lokungena emshadweni nabesifazane, abesilisa bangalwa bodwa.
Kukhona ukubonakaliswa kobudlova kwabesilisa maqondana nabesifazane. Ngesizini eyodwa yokuzalela, owesilisa uyakwazi ukufaka umquba kuze kube yizinsikazi ezingama-5-7. Izinyamazane zabesifazane nazo azifani ekwakhekeni kwamathayi asunguliwe. Yize kwesinye isikhathi bangashada iminyaka eminingana kulandelana nabesilisa abathandwa kakhulu.
Ku-artiodactyls yaseSiberia, ukukhulelwa kwe-latent kuyabonakala. Lokho wukuthi, umbungu ophumela uyeka ukukhula nokukhula izinyanga ezifika kwezingu-3-4. Uma ukukhula komzimba kwenzeka ekwindla, asikho isikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngokuqala kokukhula kombungu, insikazi iba ngokunemba futhi icophelela. Akanakho ukweqa okungatheni, okuyingoti, kugijime kakhulu. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa sinikezwe ubisi kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-250 kuya kwezingu-320. Kuzalwa umntwana oyedwa kuya kwabathathu.
Amawundlu eRoe deer asengozini enkulu futhi awasizi ngalutho. Owesifazane uzifihla emashalofini athembekile izinyanga eziningana.
Izikhala ngemuva zisiza imaski ezinhlwini zezimila. Umama akayona kude, kepha ukhetha ukondla futhi angaphumuli nezingane, ukuze angazidonseli ukunakwa kwazo. Owesifazane ugcina ukuxhumana nomuntu kuze kufike isizukulwane esisha.
Izinyamazane ezigwedlayo zaseSiberia zivunda kakhulu Ngokuqala kwesizini entsha ngayinye, inzalo ikhiqiza ngaphezu kwama-96% ezinhlobo zesifazane ezivuthiwe. Naphezu kwe-fecundity ephezulu, ukukhula kwemvelo akukhuli ngesivinini esisheshayo. Phakathi kwalolu hlobo lwezinhlobo zezilwane ezingathandeki kunesilinganiso esiphansi sokusinda samawundlu.
Izitshalo ezithandwa kakhulu ekudleni kwe-roe
Ensimini yeRussia kanye namazwe ayengaphansi kweSoviet Union, cishe izinhlobo ezingamakhulu amabili namashumi amahlanu zezitshalo zikhula, ezidliwayo yi-roe deer. Phakathi kwazo, ngaphandle kwama-shrubby, izinkuni ezinotshani nezinotshani, ama-horsetails, amakhowe nama-lichens kwaqoshwa. AmaRoe deer ahlala eSiberia adla izinaliti, ama-ovari apical, kanye namahlumela apayini abasha, umsedari, i-larch nefir.
Phakathi kwezihlahlana, ama-roe deer akhethwa yi-cotoneaster, izinhlobo ezincane zewillow, ash ash, i-blueberry, meadowsweet, i-spirea, i-honeysuckle ne-daurian rhododendron. Izilwane zidla amaqabunga, isiqu, ama-lingonberry, amabhele kanye namabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ithola okufanele idle ama-roe deer ezindaweni zokubhukuda. Imvamisa, lawa ngamakhambi abuhlungu: i-magazus, i-calla, iwashi. Amakhambi amakhulu aqukethe le-artiodactyl ayikhethayo afaka okusanhlamvu, umlilo, ukhula, umhlonyane, i-hemophilus kanye nesigaxa.
Izitha zemvelo zezinyamazane zaseSiberia
Photo: Sibiyaan Roe Deer
Izitha zemvelo zezinyamazane zaseSiberia zibhekwa njengezilwane ezidla imiphefumulo. Lokhu kufaka amabhere, imidlwane, izimpisi, amahlosi. Izimpungushe nezinhlobonhlobo zezinyoni ezisongela izinyane ezisencane nezingasizakali.
Ukukhula okuncane kanye nombala o-brown grey wemvelo we-hairline kuyakuvumela ukuthi kuncibilike ngokumelene nezihlahlana, amahlamvu kanye nezitshalo eziphakeme. Imilenze emide ikuvumela ukuthi ugijime ngokushesha futhi unqobe izithiyo eziphakeme. Ngesikhathi sokuphishekela, ama-roe deer deer akhula ngesivinini esingafika ku-50 km / h. Ngalelijubane, abakwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade. Kodwa-ke, amandla okwenza amajezi anjalo futhi ugxume ukuphakama ufike kumamitha angama-4,7 kukuvumela ukuthi uye kude nokujaha.
Enye isitha esiyingozi yenyamazane yaseSiberia ngumuntu. Ngenxa yokuthi abantu bayibhubhisa ngentshiseko indawo yokuhlala yemvelo yalezi zilwane ezibuthakathaka, kanye nokuzingela nokuzingela, basondele ekuqothulweni. Izinyamazane zaseSiberia ziyizidlakudla eziyizintandokazi zabazingeli nabazingeli. Izimpondo ezinkulu, ezinesisindo, isikhumba nenyama ethenda zihlala zifunwa futhi ziyaziswa kakhulu.
Incazelo yeRoe Deer
Isilwane sinomzimba omfishane, kanti ingemuva le-artiodactyl liphakeme futhi likhulu kunangaphambili. Isisindo somuntu wesilisa esidala sezinyamazane singama-22-31 kg, ubude besisindo esingu-108-126 cm kanye nokuphakama okujwayelekile lapho ibuna hhayi ngaphezu kwama-66-81 cm.Izalulu zesifazane zase-European roe zincane kakhulu kunowesilisa, kepha izimpawu zokuthi ubulili bezobucansi buthakathaka. Abantu abakhulu kakhulu batholakala ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho nezisempumalanga yebanga.
Ukondla izilwane
Ngokwazi ukuthi kudlani ama-roe deer ebusika, amanye amabhizinisi okuzingela ezweni lethu enza ukuvunwa kwamagatsha e-aspen kanye ne-birch ukuze kudliwe ubusika balezi zithelo.I-Roe deer iyikhohliseka kalula kunabo bonke bezilwane zasendle. Isilwane ngokushesha futhi kalula ukujwayela umuntu. Lapho ungqimba lweqhwa lukhuphuka kakhulu, ama-roe deer aqala ukuqoqa i-hay ebolile kwimigwaqo yehlathi, ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuphuma ayofaka ezitolo nezinye izinto eziphezulu zokugqoka.
Njengomthetho, amapulazi akhiqiza ama-hayfields akhethekile anikeza ubusika bokudla kwama-roe deer. Lapho ufaka izitaki, kufakwa usawoti edonswa ngogwayi. Njengezinye izinhlobo eziningi ze-ungulates, ama-roe deers adla ngokulangazela usawoti onosawoti, futhi kusukela kumashishi ajwayelekile (ngaphandle kosawoti) akhetha amakhambi athile kuphela, anyathele konke okunye.
Kubalulekile nangendlela efanayo ukwakha imashi kasawoti yokufakelwa emapulazini okuzingela ukuhlinzeka nge-roe ngamaminerali, ngamanani amaphuzu amabili noma amathathu ngehektha ayinkulungwane lomhlaba.
Ezindaweni ezihlukile zezwe lethu, ukondliwa kwe-roe kunezimpawu zayo (ngokwengxenye sithinte kulesi sihloko). Isibonelo, engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia ebusika, izingulube zenyoka ziluma amahlumela ama-oki, ama-linden, amamephu, umlotha kanye ne-Hornbeam. ECaucasus naseCrimea badla i-jasmine ne-dogwood, e-Far East - amagilebhisi e-actinidia nase Amur. I-Roe deer iqoqa ngokuzithandela ama-acorns, izithelo ze-beech nezihlahla zezithelo, uma zikhona.
Ezindaweni ezinenamba enkulu ebomvu yenyamazane, ngokwesibonelo, e-Belovezhskaya Pushcha noma endaweni eyi-Crimea, ama-roe deer ancishwa udoti ogcwele. Izinyamazane ezibomvu zidla amahlumela ezihlahla ezithandwa kakhulu nezihlahlana eziphakeme ngamamitha amabili. AmaRoe deer ayaphoqelelwa ukuthi aneliswe ngokudla okungenampilo okuncane. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukungondleki kuyakhula. Izinyamazane zeRoe zizala ngokwedlula zonke, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ziyeke ngokuphelele ukukhiqiza inzalo futhi zivame ukubulawa yizifo. Isibalo sabantu emahlathini anjalo sincipha ngokubonakalayo.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Photo: Sibiyaan Roe Deer
Kukhona ezinye izifunda eNcwadini ebomvu ekleliswe kuzo. Emkhakheni weRussian Federation, izingwebe zaseSiberia zibhalwe ku-Red Book of Tomsk Region naseKrasnoyarsk Territory. Banikezwe isimo sokwehla kwesibalo sabantu.
Ngokuvamile, namuhla izinhlobo azisongelwanga ukuqothulwa. Ngenxa yenani elikhulu lokuzala kwezithunjwa enkabeni yeYurophu, kunabantu abacishe babe yizigidi eziyi-10 ukuya kwezi-13. Yize iminyaka emibili noma emibili nengxenye edlule, amanani abo ayengaphezulu kokuphindwe kabili.
Ukuzala okuphezulu kukuvumela ukuthi ubuyisele ngokushesha abantu. Kwezinye izifunda, ngisho nokuzingela inyamazane yama-roe yaseSiberia kuvunyelwe ngemuva kokutholwa kwelayisense. Emazweni ase-Asia Ephakathi, inyama ye-roe ibhekwa njengokudla okumnandi kakhulu ngenxa yenani layo lokudla.
Ukuvikelwa kwe-Roe yaseSiberia
Photo: Siberian Roe Deer Red Book
Ukuze uvikele isilwane, kwenqatshelwe ukuzingela ezifundeni lapho inani lezinhlobo lehliswa kakhulu. Isibonelo, i-UK ize ifake izingozi uma isilwane sihlushwa yiso. E-Russian Federation, kuthathwa nezinyathelo zokunqanda ukuzingela ngokungemthetho kanye nokuzingela okungagunyaziwe. Uma wephula imithetho, kuhlawuliswa inhlawulo kumhlaseli. Ubukhulu bawo buxhomeke esikalini somonakalo odaliwe.
ISerbia Roe Deer - isilwane esihle kakhulu futhi sibuthaka. Indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha kwemvelo kuyathakazelisa. Umuntu ufuna ukudala izimo ezihamba kahle kakhulu zokwandisa uhla lwalezo ezincelisayo ezingabuni.
Umlando nokusatshalaliswa kwama-roe deer
Izimpande zohlobo lweCapreolus Grey eziholela ku-Miocene muntzhaks (subfamily Cervulinae). Sekuvele kuyi-Upper Miocene ne-Lower Pliocene, bobabili eYurophu nase-Asia babehlala neqembu lamafomu afanayo ezinhlamvwini eziningi zezinwele kuya ezinkulungwaneni zanamuhla futhi babumbene kuhlobo lwe-Procapreolus Schloss. Okusondele kakhulu kubo yi-Middle Pliocene genus Pliocervus Hilzh. Uhlobo lweCapreolus luqala emuva ku-Upper Pliocene noma iLower Pleistocene, kanti uhlobo lweCapreolus capreolus lwasungulwa ngokuqiniseka kuphela ekugcineni kwe-Ice Age.
Esikhathini esedlule esedlule, uhla lwezinyamazane, okungenani ezindaweni ezibandayo, beluqhubeka njalo. Umngcele waso osenyakatho uxhunyaniswe nomugqa wobubanzi obukhulu bokumbozwa kweqhwa elingamasentimitha angama-50. Ububanzi obukhulu bendawo yalesi silo buhlanganisa izindawo lapho ukujula kweqhwa kungadluli ku-10 - 20 cm. eminyakeni yamuva, ama-roe deer asebuye aqala ukugcwala izindawo lapho ebengekho khona amashumishumi eminyaka.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
Izinyamazane zaseYurophu zinezindawo ezihlangene nezihlanzekile zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, kanye nezindawo ezisehlathini. Emahlathini acwebile ehlanzekile, ama-artiodactyls atholakala kuphela lapho kukhona uhlaza lohlobo oluqine. Ezindaweni zama-steppes eqiniso, kanye nogwadule kanye nogwadule, abamele uhlobo lwe-Roe abekho. Njengezindawo ezidla ubhedu kakhulu, lesi silwane sithanda izindawo ezingamahlathi amancane, ezinothile izihlahla futhi sizungezwe ngamasimu noma ngamadlelo. Ehlobo, lesi silwane sitholakala ezindaweni ezinotshani obude obugcwele i-shrubbery, endaweni yemalimboleko yomhlanga namahlathi ezamcolo, kanye nasezigodini ezigcwele kanye nokuchithwa. Isilwane esinamachokozi sincamela ukugwema indawo eqhubekayo yehlathi.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Ngokuvamile, izinyamazane zaseYurophu ezisesigabeni sezilwane zohlobo lwe-steppe-steppe, okuyizinto ezijwayeleke kakhulu ukuzihlalela otshanini obude kanye ne-shrub biotope kunasesimweni samahlathi aminyene noma i-steppe zone evulekile.
Isilinganiso sabantu esijwayelekile sezingulube zase-Europe kuma-biotopes ajwayelekile asuka enyakatho aye eningizimu yebanga. Ngokungafani namanye ama-ululates ase-Europe, i-roe deer iyona evumelana kakhulu nokuhlala endaweni elinywayo futhi isondele kubantu. Ezindaweni, isilwane esinjalo sihlala cishe unyaka wonke emazweni ahlukahlukene wezolimo, sicasha ngaphansi kwezihlahla zehlathi kuphela zokuphumula noma isimo sezulu esingesihle. Ukukhethwa kwendawo yokuhlala kuthinteka ikakhulu ukutholakala kokuhlinzekwa kokudla kanye nokutholakala kwendawo yokuhlala, ikakhulukazi endaweni evulekile. Okunye okubaluleke kakhulu ukuphakama kwesembozo seqhwa nokuba khona kwezilwane ezidla izinyawo endaweni ekhethiwe.
Indlela yokuphila yaseYurophu yezinyawo
Izinyamazane zase-European roe ziyasebenza ekuseni nase kusihlwa kusihlwa. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo ama-dee deer feed aqabile, futhi ebusika ayaqina.
Impilo yenhlalo yezingulube zase-Europe incike esikhathini sonyaka.
Ehlobo, iningi lezinyamazane zama-roe ziphila impilo yodwa, futhi ebusika zihlanganiswa zibe yimhlambi. Kusukela ngoMashi kuya ku-Agasti, ama-roe deer anolaka ngokwengeziwe futhi akhombisa ukusebenza kwezwe. Abesilisa bahlala kuleyo nsimu kusuka kumahektha amabili kuya kwayi-200.
Abesilisa bavame ukuzungeza izingosi zabo futhi bazimake. Azama ukwephula imingcele, kepha abantu abasha bangaziphatha njengabahlukumezi. Izingxabano phakathi kwabo azivamile ukwenzeka, esikhathini esiningi kuphetha ngokukhombisa amandla. Abesifazane abanezingane bahlala kusayithi lowesilisa, futhi uxosha ngesihluku unyaka ononyaka.
Izintokazi ezingenazimpondo. Izinsikazi ezinezimpondo azivamile.
Ngo-Okthoba, ulaka lwabesilisa luba phansi kakhulu, baphonsa izimpondo bese beyeka ukumaka imingcele yezindawo ezakhiwe ngazo. Imindeni yasebusika iqala ukwakha - izilwane ezincane zijoyina izinsikazi nezingane. Amalungu eqembu ahlala ndawonye bonke ubusika, isibalo sabantu abathile emaqenjini anjalo angama-40-90. Izinyamazane zase-European roe, ngokungafani nozakwabo waseSiberia, azenzi ukufuduka ebusika.
Imindeni yaseYurophu ebusika i-roe deer ihlala kuze kube nguMashi noma ngo-Ephreli, bese iqala ukuqhekeka.
Lapho i-roe isezolile, ihamba endaweni ethile noma esitebhisini, futhi ngesikhathi sengozi ihamba, yenza gxuma cishe ngamamitha ayi-7. Ijubane lensikazi le-roe yabantu abadala liba cishe amakhilomitha angama-60 ngehora.
Izinsikazi ezingabahlengikazi zihamba ngezinyathelo ezincane, ngenkathi zivame ukuma zilalele okwenzekayo nxazonke. URoe deer angabhukuda kahle futhi ngokushesha. Babekezelela ikhava ephezulu yeqhwa kabi futhi bazama ukuhamba ezindleleni zezilwane. I-Roe deer glide kwi-cry iqhwa crust, yingakho kuyingozi kubo.
Izinyamazane zaseYurophu zondla izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-900 zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene, zithanda amahlumela amancane. Ngosuku bondla izikhathi ezi-5-11.
Ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa, kubonwa ama-roe deger, okuwavumela ukuba afinyelele phakathi kwezimila zasehlobo.
I-European Roe Deer
Ukudla okujwayelekile kwenyamazane yaseYurophu eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-roe deer kubandakanya izinhlobo eziyinkulungwane zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene, kepha ama-artiodactyls akhetha ukudla okulula okugaya ukudla nezitshalo ezinothela emanzini. Ngaphezu kwesigamu sokudla kumelelwa izitshalo ze-dicotyledonous herbaceous, kanye nezinhlobo zesihlahla. Ingxenye engasho lutho yokudla iqukethe ama-mosses nama-lichens, kanye nokuphangwa, amakhowe nama-ferns. Izinyamazane ezitholakala kalula zidla imifino namagatsha:
AmaRoe deer futhi adla ngentshiseko izilimo ezinhlobonhlobo zokudla okusanhlamvu, adla ezindaweni eziphakeme futhi ezinemililo, ukopha kanye nokubanjwa, i-hogweed ne-angelica, i-sorrel yasendle. Ama-Artiodactyls nezitshalo zasemanzini ezikhula ezixhaphozini nasemachibini, kanye nezitshalo ezahlukahlukene zama-berry, amantongomane, ama-chestnuts kanye nama-acorns, ayathandwa. Njengomenzeli we-antiparasitic, izitshalo eziningi zokwelapha zivame ukudliwa yi-roe deer.
Ukuze kunxeshezelwe ukuntuleka kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi, imigodi kasawoti ihanjelwa ngama-artiodactyls, namanzi adakiwe emithonjeni ecebile ngosawoti wamaminerali. Izilwane zithola amanzi ikakhulukazi ekudleni kwezitshalo naseqhweni, kanti ngokwesilinganiso izidingo zansuku zonke zimalitha nengxenye. Ukudla kwasebusika kwehluke kakhulu, futhi kuvame ukumelwa amahlumela nezihlahla zezihlahla noma izihlahlana, utshani obomile namaqabunga angenamaqabunga. Izimbaza namalahle ziyakhutshwa ngaphansi kweqhwa, futhi izinalithi zezihlahla namagxolo ziyadliwa.
Isazi sezilwane esidumile, isazi se-paleontologist, isekela lesayensi yemvelo uKonstantin Flerov siphakamise ukuhlukanisa izingulube ezinhlwini ngezinhlobo ezine:
Abamele lezi zinhlobo bahlala eNtshonalanga Yurophu, kufaka phakathi iGreat Britain, iCaucasus, ingxenye yaseYurophu yeRussia, i-Iran, nePalestine. Izilwane zivame futhi eBelarus, Moldova, ezifundeni zeBaltic nasentshonalanga ye-Ukraine.
Inyamazane yase-European roe incane ngosayizi - umzimba ungaphezulu kwamamitha, ukuphakama kokubuna kungama-80 cm, isisindo singama-12-40 kg. Ijazi lasebusika linombala onsundu, limnyama ukwedlula kwezinye izinhlobo. Ehlobo, ikhanda elimpunga limile ngokungafani nesizinda somzimba onsundu.
Ama-Rosette ezimpondo atshalwe eduze, iziqu ngokwazo zimanzi kakhulu, zinwebeka kancane, zifinyelela ku-30 cm ukuphakama. Amapharele asamisiwe.
Indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwale zinhlobo isempumalanga yengxenye yaseYurophu yezwe elaliyiSoviet Union, iqala ngaphesheya kweVolga, enyakatho yeCaucasus, iSiberia kuze kufike eYakutia, izindawo ezisenyakatho nentshonalanga yeMongolia nentshonalanga yeChina.
ISerbia Roe Deer mkhulu kune-European - ubude bomzimba buyi-120-140 cm, ukuphakama kokubuna kufinyelela kumamitha, isisindo sisukela ku-30 kuye ku-50 kg. Umuntu ngamunye ufinyelela ku-60 kg. Izinsikazi zincane futhi cishe zingu-15 cm.
Ehlobo, umbala wekhanda nomzimba uyefana - nsundu-nsundu. Izimpondo zisatshalaliswa kabanzi, ziqhamile. Finyelela ukuphakama okungama-40 cm, ube nezinqubo ezifika ku-5. Izitolo zibanzi, ungazithinti. Amapharele athuthukisiwe ayafana namahlumela. Amashashaza okugcwala okugqamile avela kugebhezi.
Umbala obonakalayo we-roe deer develi uvela kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane, kodwa eSiberia, ngokungafani ne-European, awatholakali emigqeni emithathu, kodwa emine.
- Ekude Mpumalanga noma eManchu
Izilwane zihlala enyakatho yeKorea, China, ezindaweni zasePrimorsky naseKhabarovsk. Ngokuya ngosayizi, i-Manchu roe inkulu kakhulu kune-European, kodwa incane kuneSiberia. Isici esiyingqayizivele - isibuko esingaphansi komsila asisihlophe esimhlophe, kepha sibomvu.
Ebusika, izinwele ekhanda ziphuma zinombala onsundu ogcwele kakhulu kunomzimba. Ehlobo, inyamazane ebomvu iba bomvu okhanyayo nge-tint nsundu ngemuva.
Indawo yokusabalalisa - iChina, i-East Tibet. Isici esivelakancane yizingwazi ezinkulu kakhulu futhi ezivuvukala kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane. Ukubukeka kweSichuan ukubukeka kukhumbuza iMpumalanga Ekude, kepha kuphansi futhi kungaphansi kwesisindo.
Ijazi ebusika ngimpunga ngombala onsundu, ibunzi lihlukaniswa ngombala omnyama. Ehlobo, isilwane sithola umbala wejazi elibomvu.
Ukuzala iRoe yaseYurophu
AmaRoe deer yiwona anda kakhulu emndenini wawo. Kwabesifazane abadala, kuzalwa izingane ezi-2 ngonyaka, okuyinto eziyondla ngobisi izinyanga eziyi-6-8. Kakade eneminyaka engu-2 ubudala, inyamazane yaseYurophu eyaziwayo ingathola inzalo. Futhi kwabesifazane abadala, izingane ezi-3 noma ngisho ezi-4 zingazalwa.
Izinyamazane zase-European roe zinezikhathi ezi-2 zokubeletha - ezokuqala ngo-Agasti, kanti ezengeziwe ngoDisemba. Okwesibili abangane bomshado, okuthi ngesizathu esithile bahlale bengafundile, ukukhulelwa kwabo kuncishiswe kube izinyanga ezi-5.
Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, ama-roe deer awakhi amabhangqa aminyene. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, owesilisa ushiya insikazi afune entsha. Abesilisa abasazanayo bafaka iningi labesifazane.
Ukuzala amaRoe deer kuya ngezimo zokuphila nenani lokudla; ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, izinsikazi zizala izingane ezimbili, kodwa abantu abasha bazaletha iwundlu elilodwa ngalinye.
Ukuchitheka kwe-roe deer kwenzeka kabili ngonyaka.
Amathole avela ehlobo lapho kunokudla okuningi okunempilo okuzungezile. Ubisi lweRoe lunomsoco kakhulu, luqukethe inani elikhulu lamafutha, amaprotheni, ushukela nezinye izinto eziwusizo ekukhuleni. Umama wondla izingane ngobisi isikhathi eside, futhi uma kunengane eyodwa kuphela enzalweni, uthola ukondleka okuningana, ngakho-ke, kunzima ukwahlukanisa ingane enezinyanga ezinhlanu nengane enezinyanga eziyisithupha.
Ubusika bokuqala amathole achitha sele akhule kahle futhi awafi kaningi, kepha ebusika obukhulu isimo sehlukile, ukufa kwabantu phakathi kwezilwane ezisencane kuphezulu, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwalabo ababengenaso isikhathi sokukhuluphala.
Izitha zikaRoe
URoe roe uguqulwa ngokuphelele impilo endaweni ye-steppe steppe - futhi lokhu akuyona neze ingozi, ngoba unezitha eziningi: ama-lynxes kanye izimpisi ikwazi ukubamba inyamazane ezindala, izinyoni ezidla inyama, izimpungushe futhi izinja zasendle zithanda ukuzingela inyamazane ezingenasizo.
Isiqu esifushane se-roe deer simvumela ukuba angabonakali phakathi kwesihlahla esifushane, uhla olunsundu lomuntu okhulile olucishe luvele lungabonakali ngemuva kwesizinda sotshani obude nemithi yezihlahla, nesikhumba se-motley deer sihlangana nodoti wehlathi kanye nemibhalo yonyaka wokugcina.
Imilenze eqinile ivumela i-roe deer ukuthi ifinyelele isivinini esifinyelela ku-60 km / h - ngalesi sithuba inyamazane ye-roe ngeke ikwazi ukugijima isikhathi eside, kepha ngisho nejezi elincane lanele ukusuka lapho lijaha i-lynx noma impisi.
Kepha isitha esikhulu seRoe Deer yindoda: ukuncishiswa kwezindawo ezihlala kuleyo ndawo kuholela ekutheni ama-roe deer ajwayele ukuba yizisulu zezingozi zomgwaqo futhi afe ngaphansi kwamasondo ezimoto, futhi izimpondo ezinhle nenyama emnandi zibenza ilitshe abalithandayo.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngeRoe
Izimpondo zeRoe deer young zibukeka njengamapayipi.
Roe deer bamane babhukuda okumangalisayo futhi ngaphandle kobunzima obuningi babhukuda imifula yeYenisei ne-Amur ngesikhathi sokufuduka.
Ibona ingozi, isilwane siqala ukwehla kakhulu, bese sixwayisa ngengozi yezihlobo zayo.
Ukubaleka izitha, iRoe deer ingashesha ku60 km / h - ngaphezu kwejubane le-lynx noma impisi, kepha ngeke akwazi ukusebenzisa isikhathi eside lokhu.
Izinyamazane eziyizinsikazi zabesifazane Kulula tame - uzolile, akaqinile futhi akahluphi ngaso sonke isikhathi, kepha njengowesilisa konke kunzima kakhulu - akunakwenzeka ukuba amlawule.
Abesilisa bangaba ne-harem - bahlala nabesifazane ababili noma abathathu.
Ezinye izintokazi azibambi ngomncintiswano wasehlobo, kodwa zizala ngoDisemba. Kepha kuyathakazelisa: ziletha amawundlu, njengawo wonke amanye amaxhaphozi weRoe, ngoba ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa imibungu ayidluleli isikhathi sokuzala.
Indlela yokuphila yeRoe Deer
AmaRoe deer abonakala ngezikhathi ezithile zesimilo sokuziphatha, lapho izinkathi zokuhamba kanye nokudla kwamadlelo kungenye ngokuhlafuna ukudla nokuphumula. Ezinde kunazo zonke yizikhathi zomsebenzi wasekuseni nantambama, kepha isigqi sansuku zonke sinqunywa yizinto ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo, kufaka phakathi isikhathi sonyaka, isikhathi sosuku, izimo zokuphila zemvelo kanye nezinga lokukhathazeka.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Isivinini esijwayelekile sokugijima kwesilwane esidala singama-60 km / h, futhi lapho sondla ukondla i-roe deer sihamba ngezinyathelo ezincane, siyama futhi sivame ukulalela.
Esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ehlobo, izilwane zikhombisa umsebenzi owandayo ngokushona kwelanga, ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezinambuzane eziphuza igazi. Ebusika, ukondla kuba isikhathi eside, esiza izindleko zamandla. Idlelo lithatha cishe amahora angama-12-16, futhi cishe amahora ayishumi abelwe ukuhlafuna ukudla nokuphumula. Ukunyakaza noma inyathelo lembaza kuyazola, futhi uma kwenzeka ingozi isilwane sihamba sikhuphuka ngokuxhuma ngezikhathi ezithile. Abesilisa bagijimisa yonke insimu yabo nsuku zonke.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Izingulube zase-European roe zinokusebenza okuphezulu zize zifike eminyakeni eyisithupha, okuqinisekiswa ngokuhlaziywa kweminyaka yabantu abafundile. Ngokunokwenzeka, ngemuva kokufinyelela esimweni esinjalo somzimba, isilwane siba buthaka futhi sibambe izakhi zomsoco ekudleni okubi kakhulu, futhi sibekezelele kabi izinto zangaphandle ezingezinhle. Isikhathi eside kakhulu sokuphila kwezingulube zaseYurophu e-vivo siqoshwa e-Austria, lapho, ngenxa yokuthathwa kabusha kwezilwane ezinombhalo, kwatholakala umuntu owayeneminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu. Ekuthunjweni, ama-artiodactyl angaphila ikhulu leminyaka.
Ukubhaliswa kweRoe
Izinyamazane zase-European roe zihlukaniswa ngokuhlukahluka kobukhulu bendawo nobukhulu, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwahlukanisa inani elikhulu lezinhlanga zezindawo, kanye namafomu angaphansi ahlukene kububanzi. Kuze kube manje, i-subspecies iCarreolus carreolus carreolus L. ihlukaniswe ngokucacile:
- ISarreolus sarreolus italicus Festa iyi-subspecies ehlala emkhakheni oseningizimu naphakathi ne-Italy. Izinhlobo ezingavikelekile ezihlala endaweni ephakathi eningizimu yeTuscany, iPuglia neLazio, ziye emazweni aseCalabria.
- ISarreolus sarreolus garganta Меuniеr iyi-subspecies, iboniswa ngumbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka woboya ehlobo. Ihlala eningizimu yeSpain, kubandakanya i-Andalusia noma iSierra C Ciziz.
Kwesinye isikhathi ama-dee amakhulu amakhulu avela endaweni yasenyakatho yeCaucasus abuye abhekiswe kwizikhungo ezingaphansi kwaSarreolus sarrelus saucasicus, futhi inani labantu baseMiddle East babelwa iSarreolus sarreolus sokhi.
Ukuzalela inzalo
I-gon esebenzayo ivame ukwenzeka ngoJulayi-Agasti, lapho izimpondo zabesilisa ziqhuma futhi isikhumba siqhume entanyeni nangaphambi komzimba. Umjaho uqala ngamaphethelo, amahlathi nezihlahla, kepha akukho ukwephulwa kohlelo lwendawo oluphawuliwe. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, abesilisa bezilwane zenyamazane yaseYurophu balahlekelwa isifiso sabo sokudla futhi baphishekela ngenkuthalo yonke insikazi egelezayo. Ngenkathi eyodwa, owesilisa ufaka izinsikazi ezifika kweziyisithupha.
I-Roe deer iyona kuphela engabumbi, ebonakaliswa yisikhathi sokukhulelwa, ngakho-ke izinqubo zokukhula ngokushesha kwimbungu aziqali ngaphambi kukaJanuwari. Isilinganiso sesikhathi sokukhulelwa siyizinsuku ezingama-264-318, kanti amathole azalwa phakathi kokuphela kuka-Ephreli cishe kuya maphakathi noJuni. Emavikini amane ngaphambi kokuzala, insikazi ifaka indawo yokuzalwa, lapho ezinye izingcekeza zizixosha ngolaka. Okukhanga kakhulu ukuzala ngamathole amahlathi ane-shrubbery noma i-meadow tall ende, ekwazi ukunikeza indawo yokuhlala nokudla.
E-udoti, njengomthetho, kuzalwa kuphela amabhulukwe abona futhi ambozwe uboya, okuthi phakathi nezinyanga ezimbili zokuqala noma ezintathu zokuphila awasizi ngalutho, ngenxa yalokho ahlala ezindlini ezikhethekile. Ukuxhumana kwabantu besifazane nenzalo ekhulayo kwephulwa kuphela amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwesizukulwane esisha. AmaRoe deer akhula kakhulu, ngakho-ke, ngokuqala kwekwindla, isisindo somzimba wawo sivele sifinyelela ku-60-70% wesisindo somuntu omdala ojwayelekile. Abesilisa bafika esikhathini sokuthomba eneminyaka emibili, nabesifazane ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, kepha ekukhiqizweni, njengomthetho, abaneminyaka emithathu noma ngaphezulu abadala bayabandakanyeka.
Inani lezomnotho
Ukuqakatheka kokuqakatheka komnotho we-European roe deer kubhekwe kuzinkomba ezintathu ezibaluleke kakhulu. Okokuqala, ama-roe deer ayizilwane ezizingelayo ezinikeza inyama ukunambitheka okuhle kanye nezimpawu zokudla okunempilo, isikhumba esibalulekile nezimpondo ezinhle. Okwesibili, ama-artiodactyls aqothula izitshalo ezenza umonakalo obonakalayo emasimini nasehlathini ezitshaliwe.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! I-Roe deer ingumkhiqizo wokudla obaluleke kakhulu kwamanye amazwe kunezidleke zasendle, izingulube zasendle kanye ne-hare.
Okwesithathu, ama-roe deer ayinto enhle eyaziwayo yemvelo, kanye nomhlobiso wangempela wezimbali namahlathi. Kodwa-ke, ukuzalanisa izimbaza zaseYurophu kungadala umonakalo omkhulu ezindaweni ezihlaza ezweni nasehlathini.