UMississippian kite (Ictinia mississipiensh) uhlala eMelika. Ifinyelela ku-37 cm ubude, ngamaphiko ama-95 cm cm, iphiko ubude abangama-29, umsila ubude be-13 cm.Ikhanda, intamo, izimpaphe ezincane ezindizayo kanye nalo lonke uhlangothi oluphansi lomzimba kungukuhola okumsulwa ngombala, futhi kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ebunzini nasezivisisweni zephiko elincanyana izimpaphe, lo mbala uphenduka isiliva-elimhlophe. Umzimba wonke, ngaphandle kwefrenulum emnyama kanye nezinkophe, upendiwe ikakhulu ngombala omnyama wokuhola-grey, udlula emaphethelweni angaphezulu asezimpikweni namaphiko nomsila, kanye nezimpaphe ezinkulu nezomsila ezimpunga. Amehlo abomvu igazi, uqhwaku lumnyama, imilenze ibomvu okwe-carmine.
1 - I-Mississippi kite (Ictinia mississipiensis) 2 - ikati le-fork-tailed (Elanoides forficatus)
Indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwe-Mississippian kite ifinyelela kuphela eningizimu naseningizimu-ntshonalanga yamazwe aseNyakatho Melika, egezwe yiGulf of Mexico. Izinkabi ezihlukile zandiza zaya eSouth Carolina zaze zaya enyakatho, ngakho-ke kwesinye isikhathi zazikwazi ukubadubula lapha, kepha izwe labo langempela yiTexas neMexico.
“Lapho kuqala intwasahlobo,” kusho u-Audubon, “kuvela inkonyane eMississippian osebeni lomfula omkhulu omkhulu, ogama lawo igama, futhi uzulazula kuwo, ufike eMemphis. Ufika eLouisiana ngohafu ka-Ephreli emihlambini emincane, izingcezu zika-5 noma u-6, futhi ihlala emahlathini ngasogwini lomfula. ayihambi iqonde ezweni. Ngokusobala, ihlala kalula emasimini asanda kwakhiwa lapho kuhlala khona amanzi. Indiza kaMississippi kite yinhle futhi iqinile, ayakhathali futhi indizela phezulu kangangokuba ingakhuphuka kuphela. mayelana kite ebiyelwe. Imvamisa lokhu kite kungena emoyeni ngaphandle kokuhambisa amaphiko awo futhi ichaze imibuthano efanele. Kaningi, lapho isongele amaphiko ayo, ngokushesha, njengomcibisholo, ivele igxume ibheke phansi futhi ishayele amagatsha lapho ibone khona isililo noma okuthile. isinambuzane, kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka ukubona ukuthi, ngobuhlakani obumangazayo, indiza iqonde esiqongweni noma esihlahleni somuthi, ihlose ukubamba inyamazane, kwesinye isikhathi ikhayithi indiza ku-zigzags, njengokungathi iphunyuka ekuphishekeleni isitha esiyingozi, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kubukeka sengathi iyabhidlika impukane, njenge bastard-turman.
Uthatha uhambo olude ngezindiza ezincane, imvamisa ehambisana nengxenye yemigilingwane. Kwesinye isikhathi inyukela endaweni ephakeme kakhulu phakathi kwezingwe kanye namaqhubu noma emphakathini wekhayithi elinefoloko. Uyidonsela intambo ngokuzithandela, kuze kube yilapho le gwala lehlela phansi ukuyeka umdlalo ungamjabulisi. Ngokulandela inambuzane enkulu, i-reptile noma i-reptile encane, i-kite ijikela eceleni kwemigwaqo, yelule ama-paws ayo ngeminwe ububanzi futhi ngokuvamile ibamba inyamazane. Ngokusobala, uyayidla endizeni ngaphandle kobumnandi obuncane futhi obulula njengokuhlala esihlahleni. Akaze ehle emhlabeni esaphila. Akaze ahlasele izilwane ezincelisayo, yize ekuthanda ukuxosha impungushe, ekhala kakhulu futhi aziphonse kuyo, futhi akazithinti izinyoni. "Ngokusho kukaRidgway, ukudla kwakhe ikakhulukazi kunamakhosikhasi kanye notshani abahlukahlukene, kanti futhi nengxenye yezinyoka ezincane. Akahlali njalo ibamba inyamazane ngezihlakala, futhi isebenzisa ubuhlalu kulokhu.
I-Mississippian kite ihlela isidleke sayo emagatsheni aphezulu ezihlahla ezide kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kuma-magnoliaas anethezekile namachibi amhlophe, okwenza umhlobiso wazo zonke izifundazwe eziseningizimu. Lokhu kwakha kungaba lula kakhulu futhi kubukeka njengesidleke sesikhokho, kuqukethe amagatsha asakazeke phezulu komunye nomunye, afakwe umugqa weSpanish moss, amagxolo emivini namaqabunga omile. Amaqanda amabili noma amathathu ayindilinga apendwe ngamabala amaningi amnyama kashokolethi ansundu namnyama kumnyama ngemuva. Zinobude obungu-40 mm, futhi ubukhulu obukhulu bungama-35 mm, ukuze azungeze futhi anganabala. Zombili lezi zinyoni zibopha amaqanda futhi zithanda amaphuphu azo kangangokuba ziwavikela ngesibindi kunoma isitha, ngisho nakubantu. Abakwa-Audubon babika ukuthi ama-kites, isidleke awayalela ukuba siphume, asikhanyise kaningana eduze kwekhanda lomuntu omnyama likhuphuka esidlekeni. Amachwane, lapho nje efunda ukundiza, abe njengabazali bawo ngisho nangaphambi kwendiza yasebusika athola ngokuphelele iplamu lezinyoni ezindala.
Kusuka ku-Encyclopedia "Impilo Yezilwane" nguAlfred Brehm.
Izimpawu zangaphandle ze-Mississippi kite
I-Mississippi Kite inyoni encane edla inyama engaba ngu-37 - 38 cm ubukhulu futhi inamaphiko angama-cm angama-96. Ubude bephiko bufika kuma-29 cm, umsila unobude obungamasentimitha ayi-13. Isisindo sawo: 270 388 amagremu.
I-Mississippi Kite (Ictinia mississippiensis)
I-silhouette ifana kakhulu nokubukeka kwe-falcon. Insikazi inosayizi futhi amaphiko ayo makhulu kakhudlwana. Izinyoni zabantu abadala cishe zimpunga ngokuphelele. Izimpiko zimnyama futhi ikhanda likhanya kancane. Izimpaphe zingamaphiko amancane futhi phansi komzimba umbala okhanyayo. Ibunzi nemikhawulo yezimpaphe ezincane ezindizayo zimhlophe ngokwesiliva.
Umsila wekhayithi kaMississippian uhlukile kubo bonke abahlaseli bezilwane baseNyakatho Melika, umbala wayo umnyama kakhulu. Ngaphezulu, amaphiko ane-tint brownish endaweni yepayipi lokuqala lephiko kanye namabala amhlophe ezimpaphe eziseceleni. Izimpaphe eziphakeme ezingaphezulu zomsila nezimpiko, izimpiko ezinkulu ezindiza namaphiko omsila wombala ompunga omnyama. Ibhuloho elimnyama lizungeza amehlo. Izinkophe ziimpunga eziholayo. Uqhwaku oluncane olumnyama lube nensimbi ephuzi elizungeze umlomo. Iris ibomvu igazi. Imilenze ibomvu i-carmine.
Umbala wezinyoni ezincane uhlukile kumbala wezimpaphe zama-kites amadala.
Amakhanda abo amhlophe, intamo nezingxenye zomzimba ezingezansi zomzimba zinemibala ehlukahlukene emnyama nezimnyama. Zonke izimpaphe zekhebula nezinsiba zamaphiko zilula - zimnyama ngemingcele ethile ecacile. Indawo engaphansi inemishayo emithathu emhlophe emincane. Ngemuva kwe-molt yesibili, ama-young Mississippi kites athola umbala we-plumage wezinyoni ezindala.
Ama-Mississippi kites aphumule, afune ukudla, futhi athuthele ngamaqembu.
Mississippian Kite Habitats
Ama-Mississippi Kites akhetha amasayithi amaphakathi naseningizimu-ntshonalanga phakathi kwamahlathi ukuze athole izidleke. Ziphila emaxhaphozini amadlelo, lapho kukhona khona izihlahla ezinamaqabunga amabanzi. Banika ukukhetha okuthile kumahlathi amakhulu amahlathi aseduze kwezindawo ezivulekile, kanye namadlelo nezindawo ezihlwanyelwe. Ezindaweni eziseningizimu yebanga, amakhithi aseMississippi atholakala emahlathini nasezitheni, ezindaweni lapho oki kushintshana khona ngezihlahla.
I-Mississippi Kite Spread
I-Mississippi Kite uhlobo lwenyoni edla inyama ezwekazini laseNyakatho Melika. Bahlala e-Arizona, engxenyeni eseningizimu yamathafa amakhulu, asakazekela empumalanga eCarolina naseningizimu eGulf of Mexico. Bahlala ngamanani amakhulu maphakathi neTexas, Louisiana ne-Oklahoma. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, indawo yabo yokusabalalisa iye yanda kakhulu, ngakho-ke lezi zinyoni zezinyamazane zingabonakala eNew England entwasahlobo nasezindawo ezishisayo ebusika. IMississippi ikha ubusika eSouth America, eningizimu yeFlorida naseTexas.
Ngesikhathi sokuzingela kuvame ukugoqa amaphiko awo bese iwele phansi inyathele.
Izici zokuziphatha kite kaMississippian
Ama-Mississippi kites aphumule, afune ukudla, futhi athuthele ngamaqembu. Imvamisa izidleke emakoloni. Bachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi emoyeni. Indiza yabo ihamba kahle, kepha izinyoni zivame ukuguqula indlela nokuya endaweni ephakeme futhi azenzi okujikeleza okuyindilinga. Ukundiza kwekiss Mississippian kuyahlaba umxhwele, kuvame ukundiza emoyeni ngaphandle kokushaya amaphiko awo. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, uvame ukugoqa amaphiko akhe bese eyela kulayini oqondile, ethinta kancane amagatsha, ukuze adle inyama. Isisulu esinamaphaphu sibonisa ubuze obumangalisayo, sibhabhela esihlahleni somuthi noma esiqwini sokuphanga kwaso. Kwesinye isikhathi ikiss Mississippi yenza indiza ye-zigzag, kube sengathi iyagwema ukuphishekela.
Ngo-Agasti, lapho esethole inqwaba yamanoni, izinyoni ezidla inyama zishiya umhlaba osenyakatho. Ubude bendiza bufika cishe kumakhilomitha angama-5000 ukuya enkabeni yeSouth America. Akundiza ekujuleni kwezwekazi; kuvame ukudla emasimini akhiwe ngasechibini. Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-Mississippian kite.
Ama-Mississippi kites ayizinyoni ezi-monogamous.
Amabili akhiwa kungekudala ngaphambi noma ngokushesha nje kokufika kuzindawo zokudlela izidleke. Izindiza zamademoni zivelakancane impela, kepha owesilisa uhlala elandela insikazi. Lezi zilwane ezinamaphiko zinezingane eyodwa kuphela ngesizini, eziqala ngoMeyi kuya kuJulayi. Ukusuka ezinsukwini ezi-5 kuya kweziyi-7 ngemuva kokufika, izinyoni ezindala ziqala ukwakha isidleke esisha noma zilungise esidala, uma zigcinwa.
I-Mississippi kite chick esidlekeni
Isidleke sitholakala emagatsheni aphezulu esihlahla mude. Imvamisa, amakhayithi aseMississippian akhetha i-oki emhlophe noma i-magnolia futhi ahlele isidleke ekuphakameni kwamamitha amathathu kuya kwangama-30 ukusuka ebusweni bomhlaba. Isakhiwo sifana esidlekeni segwababa, kwesinye isikhathi siseduze kwendunduma noma isidleke senyosi, okuyindlela yokuzivikela ephumelelayo yokulwa namantshontsho e-dermatobia. Izinto zokwakha eziyinhloko zingamagatsha amancane nezingcezu zamagxolo, lapho izinyoni zibeka khona ama-Spanish moss namaqabunga omisiwe. Ama-Mississippi kites ahlala engeza amaqabunga amasha ukumboza udoti nokungcola okungcolisa phansi kwesidleke.
Yakha izidleke emagatsheni aphezulu esihlahla mude
Ku-clutch kunamaqanda amabili - aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ayindilinga, ambozwe ngoshokoledi amaningi - amabala ansundu namnyama. Ubude bawo bufika ku-4 cm nobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-3.5. Zombili lezi zinyoni ziyagudlana zihlala kubumbono izinsuku ezingama-29 kuya kwezingama-32. Amakati abonakala enqunu futhi engenamandla okusiza, ukuze amakhithi amadala azibambele ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka ezinsukwini ezi-4 zokuqala, alethe ukudla.
Ama-Mississippian kites isidleke emakoloni.
Lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo ezingadingeki zenyoni yezinyamazane ezinabasizi. Ama-kites asemancane anonyaka owodwa anikela esivikelweni esidlekeni, futhi ahlanganyele ekwakhiweni kwawo. Ziphinde zinakekele namachwane. Izinyoni ezindala zondla izingane okungenani amaviki ayi-6. Amakati amancane ashiya isidleke ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-25, kepha awakwazi ukundiza elinye isonto elilodwa noma amabili, azimele engakapheli izinsuku eziyi-10 ukusuka.
Phansi emhlabathini, i-Mississippi kite ayihlali phansi.
Incazelo Nezici
Kites - izinyoni ezidla inyama omkhulu, umndeni we-hawk. Ekuphakameni afinyelela kumamitha ayi-0,5; ikhayithi endala inesisindo esingu-1 kg. Izimpiko zincanyana impela, kepha zikhulu ngobude - zinamaphiko afinyelela ku-1.5 m.
Umbala wempaphe wehlukile, ikakhulu ugcwele insundu, onsundu, kanye ne-plumage emhlophe. Ama-kites ajwayele ukuba nama-paws amancane, futhi ngosayizi omncane, igwegwe eliboshwe ngokhuni. Lapho befuna ukudla, bachitha isikhathi esiningi emoyeni, behamba kancane phezu kwezizathu zokuzingela.
Izindawo zokuhlala le nyoni yezinyamazane zijabulisa kakhulu, kepha yingxenye encane kuphela yama kites ephila impilo yokuhlala. Njengezindawo ezinjalo, imvamisa zikhetha iziqubu ezinamahlathi aminyene eduze nezidumbu zamanzi.
1. Ikayithi elimnyama. Ujwayelekile. Ubude bomzimba buyi-50-60 cm, isisindo - 800-1100 g, amaphiko angama-140-155 cm ngamaphiko ubude be-41-51 cm.
Abahlali ikhayithi elimnyama yonke indawo, kuya endaweni inyoni kungaholela ekuhlaleni ukuhlala phansi kanye nendlela yokuphila engahleliwe.
Lalela izwi lekiti emnyama
Ukulandelwa kwekayithi elimnyama:
- Ama-kite aseYurophu ahlala eYurophu (ezindaweni eziseningizimu mpumalanga naphakathi nendawo) ubusika e-Afrika. Ikhanda lakhe linombala okhanyayo.
- IKite-eyered kite, ihlala eSiberia, esifundeni se-Amur.
- I-kite encane yaseNdiya ehlala empumalanga yePakistan, ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseNdiya naseSri Lanka.
- I-Forktail kite, evela ePapua nase-East Australia.
- I-Taiwanese kite ezulazula eTaiwan naseHainan.
Izithombe ezithathwe yi-Forktail Kite
Izindawo zokuzingela ama-kite amnyama ama-glade amahlathi, amasimu, osebeni lomfula kanye nemifula. Akavamile ukuzingela ehlathini. Ukukhishwa kwe-kite kuveza njenge-polyphage.
Yize ukudla kwayo okuyinhloko kungumlingo, kungazingela izinhlanzi, amagundane ahlukahlukene, iziwula, ama-hamsters, ama-hedgehogs, izibankwa, izinyoni ezincane (undlunkulu, amakhoba amnyama, izintaka, izinkuni), ama hares.
2. UWhistler Kite. Ihlala lapho kuhlala khona i-Australia, New Caledonia neNew Guinea. Kuyinyoni yamahlathi akhanyayo, ihlala eduze kwamanzi. Ngokuvamile, kuholela empilweni ezolile, ngaphakathi kwe-biocenosis efanayo, noma kunjalo, kwesinye isikhathi ingafudukela ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho zezwekazi ngezikhathi zesomiso.
Uthole igama lakhe lesidlaliso ngenxa yokuziphatha okunomsindo omkhulu. Le nyoni ikhonkotha zombili ngenkathi indiza futhi ngenkathi isesidlekeni. Ukukhala kukakhokho impempe izwakala sengathi ikhwela elikhulu, umlingiswa opholile, olandelwa yifushane eminingi, ngayinye iphakeme kunaleyo eyedlule.
Ukudla kwabo kufaka phakathi kwazo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo abakwazi ukuzithola: izinhlanzi, izinambuzane, izilwane ezihuquzelayo, ama-amphibians, ama-crustaceans, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane nezinyoni. Abenqabanga futhi bawa, futhi kumaNew Guinea ama-kites enza isabelo sebhubesi sokudla. Abamhlophe badla i-carrion ebusika kuphela.
3. I-Brahmin kite. Le nhlobo ingatholakala eSri Lanka, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Southeast Asia nase Australia. Ihlala izindawo ezishisayo / ezingaphansi komhlaba, ikakhulukazi ngasogwini.
Iningi lihlala ngaphakathi kwe-biocenosis efanayo, kepha lingenza izindiza ezithile zonyaka ezihambisana nesikhathi semvula. Isisekelo sokudla kwale nyoni u-carrion, inhlanzi efile kanye namabala. Kwezikhathi ezithile uzingela amahashe, izinhlanzi nezintshontsho kwabanye abahlukumezayo.
4. I-kite ebomvu. Osayizi abaPhakathi (ubude bomzimba: 60-65 cm, ubude: 175-195 cm). Kunezindawo ezingaphansi ezi-2. Izindawo zokuhlala ziyahlukahluka kuwo wonke umhlaba: kusuka eScandinavia, eYurophu nasemazweni e-CIS kuya e-Afrika, Iziqhingi zaseCanary naseCaucasus. Ithanda isimo sezulu esifudumele, ihlathi eliqinile futhi elixubile eliseduze namathafa nezinsimu zezolimo.
Lalela izwi lekati elibomvu
5. Ikithi enezinyawo ezimbili. Ithole igama layo eliyinhloko lamazinyo ayi-2 kuqhwaku. Ungowomlenze obomvu. Osayizi mncane, isisindo esiphezulu: 230 g. Phambilini, wayetholakala emndenini we-falcon. Ihlala emahlathini asezansi / asezindaweni ezishisayo, kusuka esifundeni eseningizimu neMexico kuya eBrazil. Ihlala yonke indawo ebangeni layo.
6. I-grey kite. Izinhlobo ezweni laseMexico, ePeru, eArgentina, esiqhingini sasePtia, eTrinidad. Ebusika, kubhekelwa eningizimu. Kuyisihlobo sikakhokho we-Mississippian, noma kunjalo, ihluke kuwo ngombala wesiliva omnyama we-plumage, kanye nomphetho wamaphiko anombala we-chestnut.
Kuhlala ama-savannah namahlathi asezindaweni eziphansi. Ukudla okuyinhloko izinambuzane ezigcwele emiqhele yemithi nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezihuquzelayo.
I-Mississippi kite mbheke njengengxenye. Ihlala esifundeni esiseNingizimu-Central Melika, ifudukela emazweni aseningizimu. Uthanda isimo sezulu esifudumele, unobuhle.
7. I-Slug-edater. Kuhlala eSouth-Central America. Le nyoni iphakathi ngosayizi, inobude bomzimba obungu-36-48 cm, ngamaphiko angama-100-120 cm nesisindo sama-350-550 g. Ukudla okuyiwona wodwa iminenke, ngenxa yawo ihlala eduze kwemigodi namachibi. Besebenzisa umlomo omfishane ogobile, umphangi udonsa imollus egobolondweni.
8. I-Spongy kite. Kuthunyelwe kulo lonke elase-Australia, kepha hhayi abantu abaningi kangako. Iphila impilo yokuhlala, kepha ezinye izinyoni zenza izindiza ezifudukayo. Ukudla kwaso kuyizilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, izinyoni namaqanda, izilo, izinyoka nezinambuzane.
9. Ikayithi enamehlo amnyama. Kuhlala eNyakatho ne-Australia. Njengendlu yokuhlala, ukhetha izindawo ezishisayo, amathreyidi, izihlahla ezomile nezingwadule. Yinyoni enkulu kunazo zonke e-Australia enobude bomzimba obungu-50-60 cm, amaphiko angama-145-155 cm, nesisindo esifinyelela ku-1300 g.
Isisulu saso siyizilwane ezihuquzelayo, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, izinyoni nezidleke zazo. Ikhekhe elinezimbali ezimnyama elikwaziyo ukusika inyoni lisika itshe phansi libeke inyoni ebeka amaqanda phansi.
Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat
Akunakwenzeka ukuqagela ukuthi ngabe le nyoni iyafuduka yini. Iningi lalaba bantu abahlaselayo abanamafufusa lifuduka ebusika, kanti izinhlobo ezithile kuphela, okuyi-subspecies noma abantu abathile baphila impilo “engapheli”. Imvamisa kakhulu indizela e-Afrika kanye nasemazweni afudumele ase-Asia, ezinye izinhlobo zase-Australia zifuduka ngaphakathi ezwenikazi.
Indiza, amakhayithi aqoqana ngemihlambi emikhulu, okuyisidleke sezinyoni ezidla inyama.
Ukufika kwabantu bokuqala kwizindawo zokudlela kugcinwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngoMashi. Ku-Dnieper engezansi, kungavela ngisho ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambili.
Ukuhamba ikakhulukazi kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba nasekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Abantu baseNyakatho kite bafika kamuva entwasahlobo, futhi bahambe ekuqaleni ekwindla, ezinsukwini eziyi-7-9 kamuva.
Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi ama-kites avutha umlilo emahlathini, aziphonsa ngemililo, ngenxa yalokho “abheme” inyamazane evela emashalofini
Ama-kites akhethwa ngamachibi amakhulu, okuwanikeza ithuba elingenakuphikwa lokuzingela nokusinda. Ukuvikela izindawo zokuzingela izinyoni akulula. Ukuvikela amakhaya abo ekuphazanyisweni kwabafowethu, amakhayithi alenga izinto ezicwebezelayo ngethemba lokuzisongela.
Ekusesheni, lezi zinyoni ezidla inyama ziyakwazi ukundiza isikhathi eside emoyeni. Ama-ornithologists amaningi ayakwazi ukunquma uhlobo lwekite ngokunembile ngokuhlukahluka okungafani kwesibhakabhaka.
I-Mississippi kite yokudla
I-Mississippi, izinyoni ezingavikeleki ikakhulukazi. Bayadla:
Ukuzingela izinambuzane kwenziwa ngaphandle kokuphakama okwanele. Phansi emhlabathini, i-Mississippi kite ayihlali phansi. Lapho nje inyoni edla inyamazane ithola inqwaba yezinambuzane, isabalalisa amaphiko ayo bese igxibha umxhwele ngokubamba inyamazane, iyibambe ngomhluzi owodwa noma ezimbili.
Le kite isula izimbambo namaphiko kumuntu ohlukunyeziwe, futhi idla umzimba wonke ngempukane noma ihlale esihlahleni. Ngakho-ke, izinsalela zama-invertebrates zivame ukutholakala eduze kwesidleke se-Mississippian kite. Izinto eziphilayo ze-Vertebrate zinengxenye encane yokudla kwezinyoni ezidla inyama. Lezi ikakhulukazi yizilwane ezashona eceleni komgwaqo ngemuva kokushayisana nezimoto.
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Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Ama-kites besifazane ngokuvamile akhulu futhi anzima kunabesilisa. Bobabili bayabandakanyeka ekwakheni isidleke. Izinyoni zisebenzisa amagatsha obukhulu obuhlukahlukene, kanti ugqoko lwesidleke luboshwe ngotshani obomile, amaconsi, indwangu, izikulufa zephepha, uvolo nezinye izinto.
Lapho ulungisa isidleke, i-kite emnyama iphinda iyivikele ngamagatsha futhi yakhe isisekelo esisha. Isidleke esifanayo sisetshenziswa sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-4-5, ngenxa yalokho, singashintsha ngosayizi ngalesi sikhathi sonke.
Ondlunkulu bavame ukuhlala ezindongeni zezidleke. Lezi zidleke zitholakala kakhulu ezihlahleni ezingafika ku-20 m ngaphezu komhlaba, kwesinye isikhathi endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-10 - 11. Izihlahla zeNest zivame ukutholakala eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi - i-oak, alder, bark birch.
E-Dnieper, ikhayithi elimnyama liqala ukubeka amaqanda ngo-Ephreli - Meyi. Izinsuku zamabhukhimakhi ziyinkomba enhle yokuthi ukukhanya kwelanga kuthinta kanjani ukwenziwa kabusha.
Ukubekwa kwamaqanda ama-kite amnyama kwenzeka kuphela kubude behora le-14.5-15. Ukutshala kuhlala cishe izinsuku ezingama-26- 28 futhi kuqala ngeqanda lokuqala. I-clutch ephelele isukela emaqanda amabili kuya amane.
Amachwane amakati
Ama-hatch hatch kusuka ngoMeyi kuya kuJuni. Ezindaweni ezidlekayo amachwane weminyaka ehlukene ayatholakala. Izazi zesayensi yokuqaqambisa kwamazinyo zaqaphela amacala okufa kwesifo sezinkukhu, ngenxa yokudla okuningi kwamantshontsho amadala, nokuthi iqiniso lokuthi ngemuva kwendiza, abazali bavame ukumisa ukunakekelwa kwezingane zabo.
Ngokuvamile, izinga lokusinda kwamachwane amnyama kite eSamara Bor (ngokusho kuka-A. D. Kolesnikov) lilingama-59,5%. Iningi lokufa kwabo kuhlobene ngqo nezenzo zabantu.
(Haliastur sphenurus)
Sisatshalaliswa kulo lonke elase-Australia (kufaka phakathi iziqhingi ezisogwini), eNew Caledonia, kanye naseNew Guinea (ngaphandle komngcele osenyakatho nentshonalanga kanye nezindawo zezintaba maphakathi nesiqhingi). I-Whistler kite - inyoni ehlathini. Ukulungiselela ukuhlala eduze namanzi. Itholakala ezindaweni eziphakeme ezifika ku-1400 m ngaphezu kolwandle. Ngokuvamile, le inyoni ehlala phansi, kepha e-Australia, amakhayithi amanye akhwela athuthela ogwini olusenyakatho yezwekazi phakathi nenkathi yemvula. Kusuka eningizimu ye-Australia, abanye abantu bathuthela eningizimu ekwindla. ENingizimu ye-Australia, inani lamakhayithi azishayayo liyancipha ngenxa yokudonsa kwezixhaphozi futhi - ngenxa yalokho - ukuncipha kwenani lezisulu zalomhlaseli.
I-whistle kite ikhula ibe ngu-50-60 cm ubude ngamaphiko angama-123-146 cm. Isisindo - ukusuka ku-380 kuya ku-1050 g. Njengazo zonke izinyoni ezidla inyama, kulolu hlobo lwensikazi, izinsikazi zikhulu futhi zinkulu kunezabesilisa, umehluko omkhulu ungafinyelela kuma-21% ngosayizi no-42% ngesisindo. Ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu zohla, amakhwela ajwayele ukuba makhulu kunasendaweni esenyakatho eshisayo. I-plumage yabo bobabili ubulili iyafana. Ebantu abadala, ikhanda, isifuba nomsila kuphuzi okuphuzi mnyama, amaphiko asondele kakhulu ansundu, kanti izimpaphe zimnyama. Abasakhulayo - emgqeni obomvu onsundu, onamabala aphapheme abonakalayo emaphikweni. Kokubili kokumncane nangabantu abadala, imilenze ayinamibala, ibunjiwe. Ngokuvamile, i-whistle-kite ibukeka njengenyoni enekhanda elincane nomsila omude, lapho inyoni ihlala, amaphiko ayo abonakala emfishane uma eqhathaniswa nomsila. Naphezu kwemilenze yayo emifushane, ikhayithi likhala ngokuhamba kahle emhlabathini. Kodwa-ke, le nyoni ithanda ukukhuphuka ngamaphiko agobeke kancanyana, kanti ulayini wezimpaphe ezindizayo ubukeka ubukeka nje. Izimpaphe ezingaphansi kwephiko zenza iphethini ehlukile.
I-whistler kite iyinyoni enamazwi, imemeza kakhulu ngokundiza nalapho ihlala khona, noma ihlala esidlekeni. Imvamisa, ukukhala kwakhe kube kucula, kancane kancane kunciphisa ikhwela, emva kwakhe (kaningi - phambi kwakhe) ungezwa uchungechunge olusheshayo lwabamakhwela, ngamunye wabo ephakeme kunalowo owedlule. Lezi zinyoni zivame ukuhlala zodwa noma ngababili, kepha kwesinye isikhathi - ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokufuduka, ukuhlala ubusuku obubodwa, futhi nasezindaweni lapho kunokudla khona okuningi - zingahlangana emihlambini.
Idla konke okungabamba: izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, izinyoni, izinhlanzi, izinyamazane, ama-amphibians, ama-crustaceans, izinambuzane. Musa ukudelela futhi ukuthwala. Ama-kites ase-Australia angakwazi ukuzingela inyamazane ebukhoma (kodwa hhayi ebusika, lapho edla kakhulu ku-carrion), eNew Guinea lezi zinyoni ikakhulu ziyizimbaza. Lapho zizingela, zibamba isisulu emhlabathini noma ngaphansi kwamanzi, yize izinambuzane zingabanjwa emoyeni. Baphinde bantshontshe ukudla okuvela kumabhele nakumaHonon, nakwezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama, kuyilapho benza izinyoni ezinkulu zamanzi zikhipha izinhlanzi ezibanjwe yilokho. Imvamisa uzungeza imigwaqo usesha izilwane ezihanjiswa yizimoto. Basebenzisa futhi imililo ye-steppe, bebamba izilwane ezethusayo ekugcineni komlilo.
ENingizimu ye-Australia, isikhathi sokuzala sithatha ngoJuni kuya ku-Okthoba, enyakatho ye-Australia kusukela ngoFebhuwari kuze kube ngoMeyi. Kodwa-ke, enyakatho ye-Australia nakwezinye izindawo ezishisayo zobubanzi, amaqhubu e-kooshu angakwazi ukudlela noma nini ngemuva kwezulu, ngenxa yokuthi inyuka yazo inyuka. I-whistling kite nest iyipulatifomu enkulu eyenziwe ngamahlumela. Isidleke sifakwe ngamaqabunga aluhlaza, sitholakala kumfoloko oqonde esihlahleni esithambile - imvamisa i-eucalyptus noma iphayini endaweni eshaywayo emfuleni. I-pair of kites ivame ukusebenzisa isidleke esifanayo unyaka nonyaka, uyiqede, ngakho izidleke ziba zinkulu kakhulu. Owesifazane uvame ukubeka amaqanda ama-2-3 amhlophe qwa, kwesinye isikhathi amaqanda ambozwe izindawo ezibomvu ngokubomvu. Imichilo yamaqanda ama-1 kuphela noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaqanda ama-4 nayo iyaphawulwa. Ukuzingela kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-35 kuya kwengama-40, amaphuphu aqanduselwa amaqanda angama-60%. Amachwane ambozwe ukhilimu noma i-fluff ephuzi-nsundu; abopha emva kwezinsuku ezingama-44-54 emva kokuqhanyelwa, bese eshiya isidleke. Kodwa-ke, noma sebephumile esidlekeni, basethembele kubazali babo kwamanye amasonto angama-6-8.
(Haliastur indus)
Kusatshalaliswa eSri Lanka, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, kanye naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia nase-Australia kuya kufaka ne-New South Wales. Naphezu kokusakazeka kabanzi, i-Brahmin kite ikakhulukazi inyoni ehlala phansi. Ezingxenyeni ezithile zobubanzi kuphela lapho kuthatha ukufuduka kwesizini okunqunywa imvula. Ihlala ikakhulu esifundeni esishisayo nasendaweni eshisayo: iziqhingi, izihlahla zemisundu, amabhishi, amawa amatshe, amachweba, ibuye ihlale osebeni lomfula kanye namachibi, amachibi, amasimu erayisi. Ngokuyisisekelo, le nyoni ihlala emathafeni, kepha eHimalaya itholakala endaweni ephakeme kuze kufike ku-1500 m ngaphezu kolwandle.
Lonke ubude bomzimba lungu-45-51 cm, amaphiko ngamaphiko angama-109-144 cm, isisindo somzimba esukela ku-320 kuya ku-670 g. Owesifazane mkhulu kakhulu kunowesilisa. I-plumage yezinyoni ezindala inombala onsundu, kuphela ikhanda nesifuba kumhlophe.
Ngohlobo lokudla, i-scavenger ikakhulukazi, idla kakhulu izinhlanzi ezifile kanye nemifantu, ikakhulukazi ezixhaphozini. Ngezikhathi ezithile izingela amahhala noma amalulwane. Futhi untshontsha inyamazane kwezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama. Akuvamile ukuthi kudle uju, konakalise izidleke zenyosi eluhlaza yezinyosi. Umdobi undizela phezu kwamanzi, yize kwesinye isikhathi ekwazi ukuwela ngaphandle kwezinkinga, athathe amanzi aze abhukude. Izinyoni ezincane zithanda ukudlala ngokujikijela amaqabunga ezihlahla futhi zibambe emoyeni.
Lawa makhithi agcinwa eyedwa noma ngababili, kwesinye isikhathi ahlangana emhlambini omkhulu. ENingizimu Asia, kusakazeka ngoDisemba kuya ku-Ephreli. E-Australia, kusukela ngo-Agasti kuya ku-Okthoba ezindaweni ezomile futhi kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJuni endaweni enomswakama enyakatho yezwekazi. Isidleke sakhiwa ngamagatsha amancane namahlumela; ikhefu lesidleke lifakwe ngamaqabunga. Idla izidleke ezahlukahlukene (endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ama-2 kuye kwangama-30), kepha ithanda imangroves. Unyaka nonyaka ihlala endaweni efanayo. Kuyaqabukela kwakha isidleke emhlabathini ngaphansi kwesihlahla. Ku-clutch 2 amaqanda amhlophe noma amhlophe qwa. Bobabili abazali bakhe isidleke futhi bondle amachwane, kodwa mhlawumbe kuphela abesifazane bafakwa. Hatching ihlala ezinsukwini ezingama-26 kuye kwezingu-35. Amachwane ayaqina ngezinsuku ezingama-40-55, kepha izinyanga ezingaba zimbili ahlala ancike kubazali bawo.
(Milvus milvus)
Izinhlobo zasendaweni eScandinavia, eCentral naseSouth Europe, eCaucasus, e-Asia Minor, enyakatho ne-Iran, e-Afrika ngasogwini lwe-Strait of Gibraltar, Canary Islands kanye naseCape Verde Islands. Izinyoni ezidla engxenyeni esenyakatho nasempumalanga ebangeni lemvelo (iSweden, iPoland, iJalimane, iRussia, i-Belarus) ziyafuduka, zifudukela eningizimu nasentshonalanga ebusika, ikakhulukazi esifundeni iMedithera. Eningizimu-ntshonalanga yebanga, izinyoni zihlala phansi. Ithanda ihlathi elidala elixubile futhi elixubile eliseduze kwezikhala ezivulekile nezindawo ezinamasiko. ESpain, lapho cishe ama-22% ayo yonke izidleke zabantu baseYurophu nendawo enkulu yasebusika etholakala, izinyoni zithanda izindawo ezinzima zokulima, hhayi eziphakemeyo ezintabeni. Gwema izindawo ezinomswakama ngokweqile noma okuphambene nalokho.
Inyoni ephakathi nendawo inobude obungu-61-72 cm, inamaphiko angama-175-200 cm nesisindo sama-900-1400 g. Ikhanda nentamo kuphuzi. Amehlo ambi ngombala, enemisebe ephuzi ngakubo, icashe kancane. Umthethosisekelo uphuzi ezansi, ngimpunga emnyama noma emnyama ekugcineni, ubukhali, ugobe phansi ekugcineni. Umzimba unomusa. Izimpiko zinde, lapho zikhuphuka zinobude be-V. Umsila mude, unendawo yokuzenzela emfushane, uvame ukugoba. Amapayipi omzimba, ingxenye engenhla yomsila kanye nezimpaphe ezimboze zamaphiko, zingamabala amade amnyama ebeleni. Izimpaphe ezi-oda lokuqala zimhlophe ezineziphetho ezimnyama. Izimpaphe zezimpaphe ze-oda lesibili ngimpunga emnyama. Imilenze iphuzi ngokugqamile, kwesinye isikhathi ibonakala kahle emhlabathini ngenkathi indiza. I-dimorphism yezocansi ayivezwanga. Ezinyoni ezincane, ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, isifuba nesisu zilula futhi ziyafiphala, kanti nomsila omncane emsileni awukhulunyelwa kanjalo.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-kite ebomvu iyinyoni enkulu kahle, ayinalo ulaka futhi ayiqinile kangako uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama. Ngenkathi izingela, inyukela endaweni ephakeme, ifuna umdlalo omncane. Lapho eseqaphele isisulu, uwela phansi ngetshe ayibambe ngezihlakala zayo ezibukhali. Idla izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, izinyoni, izilwane zasendle, izilwane ezihuquzelayo, izilwanyane zomhlaba. Kwesinye isikhathi idla u-carrion, ikakhulukazi izinsalela zezimvu. Ngemuva kokubona isilwane esiwile, silinda ibanga elincane kuze kube yilapho izinyoni ezinamandla kakhudlwana, njengama-buzzards noma amaqhude, sezaneliswa.
Inzalo yokuqala ivela phakathi kweminyaka emibili kuya kwengu-4. Ama-kites ayisithutha. Njengomthetho, ama-vapor aphikelela impilo yonke, yize achitha isikhathi ngokwehlukana komunye nomunye ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa. Kukholakala ukuthi ukuvuselelwa kokuzala minyaka yonke akubangelwa uthando lwasekhaya, kodwa kungenxa yokuthi izinyoni ziyaqina ngendawo eyakha kuyo izidleke futhi njalo ngonyaka zibuyela endaweni lapho zidle khona okokugcina. Izinyoni ezincane zizama ukuhlomisa isidleke sazo sokuqala endaweni efanayo lapho zazizibambe khona. Ukuqala nokwakha isidleke kuqala ngoMashi, amasonto angama-2-2 ngaphambi kokubeka amaqanda. Ezinyoni ezincane, ukuzalanisa okokuqala, le nqubo ivela ngandlela thize kamuva, ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Kuyenzeka ukuthi ebusika obufudumele izinyoni ezingenalwazi ziqale ukuqoqa izinto zokwakha ngoJanuwari, kodwa imizamo enjalo ayipheleli ekugcineni. Emidlalweni yokuphapha, izinyoni zivame ukundiza zibheke ngakunye ngesivinini esikhulu bese ziphendukela ohlangothini kuphela ngomzuzu wokugcina, kwesinye isikhathi ngenkathi zithinta omunye nomunye ngezidladla zazo. Kwesinye isikhathi bangaqala ukulwa bodwa, baphenduke ngokushesha emoyeni kanye nomoya, baze behle emagatsheni ezihlahla.
Isidleke sakhiwe ngemfoloko esihlahleni, imvamisa kakhulu i-oki, i-linden noma iphayini, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-12-20 ngaphezu komhlaba. Kwesinye isikhathi, esikhundleni sokwakha, kusetshenziswa ama-buzzard amadala noma izidleke zamaqhude. Isidleke esifanayo sikhonza iminyaka eminingana. Izinto zokwakha eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswayo zingamagatsha ezihlahla ezomile ahlangana ndawonye notshani noma enye imifino. Izinsuku ezingama-2-2 ngaphambi kokugcotshwa, isidleke simbozwe ngoboya bezimvu.
Ukufakwa kweqanda kwenzeka ngo-Ephreli futhi kuvame ukuba namaqanda ama-1-3 (kuyaqabukela 4) ngamaqanda abomvu. Amaqanda abekwa ngokulandelana njalo ezinsukwini ezintathu. Uma ngesizathu esithile amaqanda (kodwa hhayi amachwane) alahlekile, insikazi iyakwazi ukulala futhi isizini. Inzalo eyodwa kuphela ezalwa ngonyaka. Isikhathi sokufakwelwa yizinsuku ezingama-31- 32, noma izinsuku ezingama-37- 383 uma amaqanda ama-3 e-clutch. Owesifazane ofaka kuphela, owesilisa ngalesi sikhathi othola ukudla kwakhe. Ngesinye isikhathi, insikazi iphuma esidlekeni imizuzu eminingana, ishiye inganakekelwa. Am amaphuphu Downy avele ngokuhlukile, ngokulandelana kokuzalela amaqanda. Ngemuva kokuzala, amasonto amabili okuqala insikazi ihlala namachwane esidlekeni, kuyilapho owesilisa ebanikeza ukudla. Emva kwalokho, insikazi nayo indizela inyamazane. Amahlosi aziphatha ngolaka komunye nomunye, yize lokhu kungabangeli ukufa kwabo. Isikhathi amantshontsho aqala ukundiza ngaso ngokuya ngosayizi we-brood kanye nokutholakala kokuphakelwa kokudla. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-45, baqala ukuthuthela kumagatsha angomakhelwane, futhi imvamisa ukundiza kwabo kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-48-50, futhi kwesinye isikhathi emva kwezinsuku ezingama-60-70. Sele imile ohlangothini, amachwane ahlala nabazali amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu.
(Abafuduki bakaMilvus)
Sisatshalaliswa e-Afrika (ngaphandle kweSahara) neMadagascar, kwezinye iziqhingi, ikakhulukazi ePhilippine, Sulawesi, New Guinea, futhi ekugcineni e-Australia. Kusatshalaliswe kabanzi eYurophu (ukusuka e-Iberian Peninsula, eFrance naseBelgium empumalanga kuya eNhlonhlo yeBalkan, iRomania, i-Ukraine kanye nasenyakatho neSouthern Sweden), phakathi nendawo neRussia (empumalanga kuye ePrimorye), eCaucasus naseTranscaucasia, Kazakhstan, ITurkmenistan, i-Asia Minor, iNyakatho ye-Iran, i-Afghanistan, i-India, iSoutheast Asia, China, Japan kanye neNhlonhlo yaseKorea. EPalearctic, kuyinyoni efudukayo; kwezinye izingxenye zendawo ezaliswayo, kuyalungiswa. I-kite emnyama idinga izihlahla ngakolunye uhlangothi, namanzi, abahlali bayo ababaluleke kakhulu lapho bondla inzalo ngakolunye uhlangothi. Iningi ligcinwa eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala. Kwenzeka emathafeni nasezintabeni zehlathi ezintabeni.
Ubude bomzimba bungu-50-60 cm, ngamaphiko ama-cm 140- 155 cm, isisindo esingu-800-1100 g. Izinsikazi zikhulu kancanyana kunabesilisa. Umbala wezinyoni ezindala (ezineminyaka emibili nangaphezulu): uhlangothi oluphansi lube nsundu, umqhele kwesinye isikhathi umhlophe ngamamaki amnyama avuvukele, umdaka wokuqala omnyama-onsundu omnyama onamasisekelo akhanyayo we-webs wangaphakathi, umsila onsundu ngephethini emnyama eshintshashintshayo, uhlangothi olumbala onsundu, uvame nge-tint ebomvu. Uqhwaku nemilenze iphuzi. I-iris inombala onsundu noma ophuzi onsundu. Izwi - trill melodic "yurl-yyurrl-yyurrrl" kanye ne "ki-ki-ki" ejwayelekile.
I-kite emnyama iyinyoni emangazayo. Udla ngokuzithandela u-carrion kanye nodoti, kanye nezinhlanzi, amachwane, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, ama-amphibians, ezihuquzelayo nezinambuzane.Izingela ezindaweni ezivulekile, ihamba kancane indiza ezungeza izindawo ezinkulu, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-70-100. Izinyamazane zanele ngama-paws, futhi kwesinye isikhathi zibambela inhlanzi ukusuka phezulu esivulekile. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, ama-kites kwesinye isikhathi andiza kude nesidleke, amakhilomitha angama-5-6 kude, futhi ngandlela-thile izindawo zokuzingela azikhawulelwanga njengakwezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama. Uyandiza ayozingela kungekudala nje kokusa, phakathi nosuku kite iphumule, futhi kusihlwa kusuka emahoreni angama-16 kuya ku-17 iphinda izingele futhi.
Amakhemisi ahlala esidlekeni ngamaqembu, akha amakoloni amancane. Imvamisa uzakhela izidleke zakhe, kakhulukazi lapho esebenzisa izakhiwo ezindala zezinye izinyoni (izimbungulu, amagwababa ampunga). AmaKites aqala ukwakha noma ukulungisa isidleke esidala ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, kusukela lapho efika. Isidleke esifanayo sikhonza iminyaka eminingana. Izidleke zivame ukutholakala ezihlahleni, eduze kwemiphetho noma ezigodini zemifula, eningizimu ngezikhathi ezithile emadwaleni. Ubukhulu bezidleke azifani, ngokwesilinganiso, zingamasentimitha angama-50-70 cm ubude no-30- 40 cm ukuphakama, ugqoko olungajulile olungenwe ngamaragi, uvolo, imfucumfucu yokudla, indle, izingcezu zephepha, utshani obomile, njll. Ukufakwa kweqanda kwenzeka ekugcineni Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ubumbano bukhona amaqanda ama-2-3, kuyaqabukela amaqanda ayi-1 noma ama-4, amhlophe ngemivimbo emnyama namabala. Isikhathi sokufakwelwa cishe izinsuku ezingama-30. Owesifazane ubamba amaqanda, ngokubamba iqhaza kowesilisa. Amathikithi avela ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Enye yamaqanda ku-clutch imvamisa iyisikhulumi. Inkukhu edlekayo isiza insikazi ukuba izikhulule egobolondweni. Umehluko ekuqhekekeni yizinsuku ezingama-2-3. Izinga lokufa kwamachwane liqakathekile: amachwane amancanyana ahlala efa, kwesinye isikhathi ngenxa ye-cannibalism. Izinkukhu zibopha ezinsukwini ezingama-25 futhi zishiya isidleke ngineminyaka engaba amasonto ayisithupha, gcina izinsuku zokuqala eduzane nesidleke. Abantu abasha ezindizayo bahlangana ngezinsuku ezahlukahlukene ngoJulayi. Amabhlogo abamba ndawonye kuze kube yilapho esuka, lapho imihlambi yakheka.
(I-Harpagus bidentatus)
Kuhanjiswa kusuka eningizimu yeMexico kuya eningizimu kuya empumalanga yePeru, maphakathi neBrazil empumalanga. Kuhlala izintaba ezishisayo nezishubile namahlathi asezindaweni eziphansi.
Ubude bomzimba bungama-29- 35 cm, ukuphakama kungama-60-72 cm, isisindo singama-161-198 g, kanti izinsikazi zikhulu kunabesilisa, isisindo sazo singu-190-229 g. Sathola igama laso ngenxa yamazinyo amabili esiqhweni.
Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, uhlala endaweni ephansi, ebheka izikhala, amasele nezinambuzane edoti lasehlathini. Ukuqaphela inyamazane yehla ngokushesha ngokushesha.
(I-Harpagus diodon)
Sisatshalaliswa empumalanga ne maphakathi neBrazil, empumalanga yeBolivia, iParaguay kanye nenyakatho yeArgentina, kutholakala naseNyakatho neGuyana, eSuriname naseFrance Guiana. Kuhlala amahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo anezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene.
Ubude bomzimba bungu-29- 35 cm, ngamaphiko - ngu-60-72 cm.
Ibheka inyamazane yayo ihleli egatsheni lesihlahla esiphakathi noma ngenhla kwesihlahla sehlathi. Idla izinambuzane ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi ama-cicadas, futhi idla izibungu, amasele namagundane.
I-kite enezinwele ezibomvu yakha isidleke sayo endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-12 ngaphezu komhlaba, iyisitsha esijulile samagatsha owomile. Ku-clutch kuvame amaqanda ama-1-2.
(Ictinia mississippiensis)
Lokhu izidleke zekati ezingxenyeni eziphakathi neziseningizimu ne-United States, zifudukela kude naseningizimu ebusika, ziye e-Eastern Bolivia, eSouth Brazil, eParaguay naseNyakatho ye-Argentina.
Izinyoni ezindala zidwetshiwe ngothayela grey, inekhanda elikhanyayo nohlangothi lwangaphakathi lwephiko kanye ne-hovst emnyama nangaphandle kwephiko. Abesilisa nabesifazane banemibala efanayo, kuphela ikhanda nentamo yabesilisa ngandlela thile. Ubude bomzimba bungu-30-37 cm, amaphiko cishe angama-91 cm, isisindo sisuka kuma-214 kuye kuma-388 g.
Ukudla kuqukethe izinambuzane (ama-cicadas, izintethe, isikhonyane), ezizibamba lapho zindiza. Kwesinye isikhathi idla izinyoni ezincane, izibungu, amasele nezilwane ezincelisayo.
Ama-Mississippian kites isidleke emakoloni. Bobabili abazali, abane-clutch eyodwa kuphela ngonyaka, banakekela inzalo, futhi futhi lokho kuvame ukuba yisisulu sezimbotshana zezimbaza kanye nezikhova zeVirgin. Ku-clutch kuvame amaqanda ama-2-3 amhlophe. Isidleke sakhiwa ngamahlumela amancane omile futhi sitholakala emqheleni wesihlahla esiwohlokayo. Izinyoni ezincane zishiya isidleke ezinsukwini ezingama-30 kuya kwengama-35 emva kokuqokwa.
(Ictinia plumbea)
Ama-kite izidleke asuka e-Eastern Mexico aya e-Peru, eBolivia, e-Argentina, nasesiqhingini saseTrinidad. Izinyoni ezidla enyakatho yebanga ngesikhathi sebusika zifudukela eningizimu.
Ubude bomzimba bungu-33-38 cm, amaphiko cishe angama-90 cm, isisindo somzimba singama-190-280 g. Uhlukile ezinhlotsheni zawo eziseduze, i-Mississippi kite, ngombala omnyama, oholayo, kanye nangophiko lwebele lesifuba. Umsila omfushane omnyama unemivimbo emhlophe engu-2-3. Uthingo lubomvu, u-wax ungwevu, imilenze iphuzi. Umbala onsundu omfushane ngemifudlana, umnyama ophuzi.
Leli khayithi lihlala emahlathini acwebile nakuma-savannah. Imvamisa, izingela izinambuzane ezindizayo ngaphezulu komqhele wezihlahla, yenza amahlumela amafushane emaphethelweni. Kwesinye isikhathi kukhona ama-invertebrates anele, izibankwa, izinyoka ezincane eziqhamuka kumagatsha noma ebusweni bomhlaba.
Wakha izidleke eziphakeme emqheleni, ekubekeni amaqanda ama-1-2 amhlophe qwa. I-Hatching ihlala izinsuku ezingama-32, kuthi emva kwalokho abazali bondle izingane zabo isikhathi esingangenyanga.
(I-Rostrhamus socialabilis)
Sisatshalaliswa engxenyeni eshisayo yaseNingizimu Melika, eMelika Ephakathi, ePeninsula yaseFlorida nakwisiqhingi saseCuba.
I-Slug-edla inyoni ephakathi nendawo. Ubude bomzimba bungu-36-48 cm, amaphiko angama-99-120 cm, kanti isisindo cishe singama-300-570 g. Abesilisa baphethe ngombala omnyama, umsila ungwevu ngombala omnyama obanzi. Amehlo kanye nama-paws abomvu. Izinsikazi zinsundu ngemisundu emsundu. Isici esibonakalayo salolu hlobo lwenhlobo uhlobo olukhethekile loqhwaku oluncane olunomlomo omude, olugobekile phansi. Ngenxa yalokhu umlomo, esidla umhluzi ukhipha ukudla kwaso kumagobolondo - iminenke enamanzi amnandi ohlobo lwePomacea.
Izimpilo zibhukuda, zixazululeka ngamaqembu ngababili abayi-6 - 10. Kwesinye isikhathi amakoloni we-Slug-eater kite afinyelela ngamabili ngababili. Ukudla okukuphela kwekhekhe lokudla eli-slug-i-ampullaria - isentimitha ama-3-4 cm ubukhulu.I-kite ibabamba ekuseni kakhulu noma kusihlwa, lapho iminenke iphuma emanzini ifinyelele esihlahleni sezitshalo. Isusa imnenke egobolondweni ngensimbi yayo ende egobile, ibambe ngeminwe emide enezinqe ezibukhali.
Izidleke ze-Slug-zidla ama-crease omhlanga, emabeleni, ezihlahleni eziphansi, eziqhingini eziphakathi kwesixhaphozi. Isidleke sibuthaka kakhulu, sivame ukubhujiswa ngumoya nemvula. Kokubumba amaqanda ama-3-4, okuluhlaza okotshani okunamabala ansundu. Inqubo yokubambeka ihlala cishe izinsuku ezingama-28. Bobabili abazali bafaka amachwane bese bondla.
(Helicolestes hamatus)
Kusatshalaliswa enyakatho yeNingizimu Melika. Kuhlala amahlathi ashisayo, agcinwe eduze namachibi.
Ngaphandle, kufana kakhulu nekiti elidla ngokudla, kepha linomsila omfishane.
Ukudla kusekelwe kwiminenke yemanzi yohlobo lwePomacea, kwesinye isikhathi kudla imifantu.
(Lophoictinia isura)
Kusatshalaliswa cishe kulo lonke elase-Australia, kepha inani labantu kulezi zinyoni liphansi kakhulu. Ihlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene: amahlathi avulekile futhi athambile, izihlahlana, izigodi zemifula, imidbi yasolwandle nemifula, kwesinye isikhathi etholakala emapaki amadolobha nasezifundeni zegalofu. Iphila impilo yokuhlala phansi, kepha abanye abantu bafuduka ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ubude bomzimba buyi-50-56 cm, amaphiko yi-130-145 cm, isisindo somzimba sowesilisa cishe singama-500 g, kuthi abesifazane kube ngu-650 g.
Ama-kites afakiwe akhuphuka phezu komqhele wezihlahla efuna inyamazane. Zidlela izinyoni ezincane namaqanda azo, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, izinyamazane, izinambuzane neminenke.
Lezi zinyoni zigcinwa zodwa noma zimbili; ngesikhathi sokuzalela zitholakala emaqenjini emindeni kanye nenzalo yazo. Ezifundeni ezishisayo zase-Australia, isikhathi sokuzala senzeka ngoJulayi - uFebhuwari, ngenkathi kusendaweni esishisayo ngo-Ephreli. Izindlovu zakhiwa emiqheleni yezihlahla ezinde, bobabili abazali bahlanganyela ekwakhiweni. Ukwakhiwa kwesidleke kuthatha amasonto amathathu. E-clutch kuvame amaqanda amhlophe ayi-1-2. Isikhathi sokufuduka sithatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-40. Owesifazane ufikelwa ikakhulukazi, owesilisa uzibandakanya nokukhishwa kokudla. Izinkukhu zibopha ngemuva kwamasonto ayi-8, kodwa cishe izinyanga ezimbili zihlala eduze nabazali bazo.
(Hamirostra melanosternon)
Ihlala e-Australia, ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho nasenkabeni yezwekazi, lapho imvula yonyaka ingadluli kuma-500 mm. Kuhlala ogwadule, amadamu omile, amahlathi, amahlathi e-tugai kanye namahlathi emvula angawodwa.
I-buzzard kite enesifuba esimnyama ingenye yezinyoni ezinkulu kakhulu ezidla inyama e-Australia, ubude benyoni endala bungamasentimitha angama-51-61, amaphiko ayisi-147 kuya ku-15 cm cm. Izintokazi nezinsikazi ziyafana ngokubonakala, kepha izinsikazi zikhulu futhi zinesisindo esingama-1330 g, kanti ezesilisa 1196 g.
Kuzingela izibungu, izinyoka, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane nezinyoni, kuvame ukonakalisa izidleke zezinyoni, kudle amachwane awo namaqanda. Isici esibonakalayo sekitala le-buzzard ukukwazi kwalo ukwephula amaqanda amakhulu amatshe wezinyoni (i-emu, amakhilogremu ase-Australia, ama-bustards) ahlala phansi ngetshe. Izingela ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene: ukuhambahamba phakathi kwezimila eziphansi, ifuna inyamazane kusuka kumagxolo noma ukuhamba emhlabathini.
Lezi, njengomthetho, izinyoni ezi-monogamous, ezakhela umbhangqwana impilo yonke. Ihlela izidleke ezihlahleni ezinde kahle, imvamisa eduze kwamachibi. Isidleke siyipulatifomu eyakhiwe ngamagatsha, ugqoko uvame ukufakwa ngamahlamvu aluhlaza. Amaqanda abekwa kusuka ku-Agasti kuya ku-Okthoba. Ukugoba kuqukethe amaqanda ama-2 akhanyayo anezindawo ezinsundu, okufakwa kuzo insikazi izinsuku ezingama-32- 38. Iphupho elilodwa kuphela livame ukuhlala ngaphambi kokusuka. Amachwane ayaqina futhi ashiye isidleke eneminyaka eyi-68-733 yezinsuku emva kokuqokwa.
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I-Mississippi Kite (Ictinia mississippiensis)
Ama-Mississippi kites aphumule, afune ukudla, futhi athuthele ngamaqembu.
Ngesikhathi sokuzingela kuvame ukugoqa amaphiko awo bese iwele phansi inyathele.
I-Mississippi kite chick esidlekeni
Yakha izidleke emagatsheni aphezulu esihlahla mude
Phansi emhlabathini, i-Mississippi kite ayihlali phansi.
