Loon - Le nyoni enyakatho, eyi-waterfowl. Ukuhlelwa kwalezi zinyoni kuqukethe izinhlobo ezi-5 kuphela. Zikhula ngosayizi ngedada lasekhaya, kukhona abantu nabakhulu. Phambilini bekusetshenziselwa izigqoko zama-loon fur kwizigqoko zabesifazane.
Izimpaphe zazo zithambile futhi zimnandi uma uthintwa. Ngaphandle, inyoni ibukeka yinhle futhi ihlakaniphile kakhulu. Imivimbo ye-Flat emaphikweni esiliva ngumehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-loon nezinye izinyoni. Amalogi akhula abe amasentimitha angama-70, kanti isisindo senyoni esingama-kilos ayisithupha. Zonke izinhlobo zamalogi zingokubhukuda okumangalisayo. Lezi zinyoni azikwazi ukuhamba emhlabathini, kunalokho zikhasa kuzo. I-Loonies ingenza izinhlobo ezimbili zemisindo:
Lalela izwi le-loon
Ukukhishwa kukhishwa lapho uzama ukubika indiza emndenini wakho. Isikhumba seLoon ingazwakala kakhulu, ngoba cishe akekho ozihlaselayo. Kepha lo msindo unokubhoboza kwawo. Zihlala ikakhulu emanzini abandayo. Ungqimba lwamafutha angaphansi lusindisa kubo ku-hypothermia.
Baqala ukuncibilika ekwindla, futhi ebusika bambozwe ngoboya obufudumele nobuthuntu. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinyoni zilahlekelwa izimpaphe zezimpukane, ngakho-ke azikwazi ukundiza izinyanga ezimbili. Indiza ye-loons ingahle ibonakale sengathi ayisebenzi. Alikho ifomu eliqinisekile nomholi. Izinyoni zihlala zihlukana kakhulu.
Indawo yokuhlala yendawo yokuhlala nendlela yokuphila
Amalogi ahlala kuhlala izifunda ezibandayo. Izindawo zokuhlala ezinkulu yi-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika. Chitha impilo yabo yonke emanzini. Lapho ichibi liqhuma, izinyoni ziyaphoqelelwa ukundiza ziye kwezinye izindawo.
Idada le-Loon ithanda amachibi amakhulu nabandayo. Imvamisa lawa amachibi nolwandle. Ukuma komzimba wenyoni kunomthelela empilweni enjalo yasemanzini; kuyasulwa futhi kufulelwe kancane. Ukuba khona kwama-membrane kuvumela inyoni ukubhukuda ngokukhululeka futhi ibuye idubule. Amapayipi afudumele amancane asindisa loon ekuqandeni emanzini abandayo.
Ungahlangana ne-loon ezindaweni ze-tundra noma zehlathi. Bangakwazi ukuhlala ezintabeni. Bachitha impilo yabo yonke ingekude namanzi. Imvamisa ebusika eZimnyama, eBaltic noma eziLwandle eziMhlophe, kanye nasogwini lwePacific. Le nyoni inhle, ithanda izindawo ezihlanzekile.
Amalogi ayizinyoni ezisebenzisa isikhathi sazo esiningi zisendleleni. Ukundiza beya endaweni ngezindawo, bathola kalula ukudla kwabo namachaphaza. Njalo khetha amanzi ahlanzekile nosogwini olunamadwala.
Amalogi ajwayele ukuba monogamous. Bakha imibhangqwana impilo. Zindiza ukusuka kwenye indawo ziya kwenye futhi zithathe amachwane ndawonye. Izinyoni zikhuphuka kalula emanzini. Zindiza phezulu, kepha ikakhulukazi ngendlela eqondile. Le nyoni ayishintshwa ukuze ijike. Uma ezwa ingozi, ivele ingene emanzini.
Bangakwazi ukujula bajule ngamamitha angama-20 futhi babe ngaphansi kwamanzi imizuzu emi-2. Ngemuva kwendiza, ama-loon afinyelela kuphela emanzini. Lapho bezama ukuwela, izinyoni ziphula imilenze noma zephule.
Ukubukwa kwamalogi
Namuhla, inani le-loon lilinganiselwe ezinhlotsheni ezinhlanu, okungukuthi:
- I-Arctic Loon noma umlomo omnyama,
- Isigaxa esenziwe ngomnyama,
- I-Loon enamabala abomvu,
- I-loon enamakhanda amhlophe,
- UMthandeni omhlophe.
Uhlobo lwazo zonke lezi zinyoni ziyefana. Eqinisweni, ziyehluka ngokubukeka kuphela. Zonke zikhipha isililo esibuhlungu, esingaxutshwa nemisindo evela kwezinye izinyoni. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu i-loon emnyama (unenkani emnyama).
Oboniswe Ngezithombe Zomzimba Omnyama
I-loon ebomvu ebomvu ihlukaniswa ubuhle bayo. Umugqa opinki utholakala entanyeni yakhe, okungahle kubonakale sengathi yikhola kusuka kude. Inyoni le iyivelakancane.
Incazelo nezici ze-loon
Amalogi ahlala emaphaketheni. Zihlala zihlala emizimbeni yamanzi ebandayo futhi zihlala lapho kuze kube yilapho iqhwa ngokuphelele. Amalogi ayizinyoni ezinakekela kakhulu. Nabantu empeleni musa ukuhlangana. Ukuguqula le nyoni ibe yikhaya kunzima. Ngakho-ke, azikho izibonelo zamapulazi lapho i-loon igcinwa khona. Ngezinye izikhathi ziyazingelwa (i-black loon). Eminye yalomndeni ibhalwe ku-Red Book.
Kumele kuthiwe ama-loon ayizinyoni ezingapheli. Njengomthetho, noma zifuna amadamu, zindizela ezindaweni ezifanayo. Izinyoni ziphila iminyaka engaba ngu-20. Phambilini, izinyoni zazizingelwa ngenxa yoboya nesikhumba, kepha ngokushesha inani labo lehla kakhulu futhi ukuzingela kwavunyelwa. Impukane phezulu. Khuphukela esibhakabhakeni kuphela emanzini. Ulwelwesi emunweni luhlelwe ngendlela yokuthi kungalindelekile ukuthi luphume emhlabeni.
Okuboniswe isithombe obomvu o-Loon
Ukuphiswa kwe Loon nokuzalela
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwe-loon izinhlanzi ezincane, ezibanjwa yinyoni lapho idonsa. Eqinisweni, ingadla konke okucebile echibini noma olwandle. Kungaba ama-mollusks, ama-crustaceans amancane, izibungu kanye nezinambuzane.
Ikhono lokukhiqiza kabusha emalangeni liza sekwephuze kakhulu - kakade ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila. Izimbotshana ezisontekile eduze kwamachibi, zivame ngqo ogwini, uma kunemifino eminingi ezungeze. Ukusuka esidlekeni kuya emanzini, insikazi nowesilisa bakha imisele lapho kufaneleka khona ukuba basheshe bangene emanzini, badle babuye esidlekeni.
Imvamisa, insikazi ibekela amaqanda ama-2, icala elingajwayelekile lapho kukhona izidleke ezi-3. Amaqanda anesimo esihle nombala. Ukufakwa kweqanda akukwenzeki ngosuku olufanayo, kaningi ngokufakwa isikhashana kweviki. Amaqanda abesilisa nabesilisa afukamela. Omunye wabazali uhlala ehlala esidlekeni. Isikhathi sokufukelwa silingana nezinsuku ezingama-30.
I-loon ekhokhiswa mhlophe ihlukaniswa ngumlomo omkhulu okhanyayo
Uma inyoni izwa ingozi, ithule ishelele umsele emanzini bese iqala ukwenza imisindo ephakeme futhi ishaye amaphiko ayo emanzini, ihehe ukunakwa. Izinkukhu zibamba ngoboya obumnyama. Cishe ngokushesha, bayakwazi ukuntywila futhi ukubhukuda kahle. Abazali babondla emavikini okuqala. Ukudla kwabo kuqukethe izinambuzane nezibungu. Ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, amaphuphu aqala ukuzondla ngokwawo. Zingandiza zineminyaka emi-2 ubudala.
Amaqiniso we-Loon atholakalayo
1. Amalogi omqala omnyama namakhanda amhlophe abhalwe ku-Red Book.
Ukukhala okwenziwa yinyoni kufana nokukhala kwesilo esinolaka.
3. Lezi zinyoni zizingelwa kuphela ngenxa yoboya nesikhumba.
4. Inyama ye-Loon ayithandwa ngabazingeli.
5. Awekho amapulazi lapho i-loon ifuhlwa khona.
6. Imibhangqwana esezimbizeni idalelwe impilo, uma kwenzeka kufa umlingani, inyoni ifuna enye.
7. Ukumemeza kuvame ukwenziwa owesilisa; kuphela lapho kufika isikhathi sokukhwelana owesifazane angaba nezwi elikhulu kakhulu.
Isikhumba esinezimpimbo ezimnyama
Ukubonakala kwabesilisa nabesifazane kucishe kufane - isisu simbozwe izimpaphe ezimhlophe, kanti ngaphezulu i-plumage enombala onsundu noma omnyama enamabala amhlophe qwa. Kungenzeka ukwahlukanisa abantu ngokwephethini yethu - ngamunye uhlukile.
Iphethini ayibonakali kuphela ngesikhathi sobusika, lapho wonke umbala wenyoni uphenduka ube owesabekayo. Ezindlini zama-goose namadada, amalogi ahlukile kwisitayela sendiza - athambile kancane futhi agobile intamo yawo phansi. Izimpiko zezinyoni zincanyana, ngokumelene nobukhulu bamadada afanayo, kuyilapho imilenze iphuma ibuyela emuva - zivame ukudidaniswa nomsila. Iminwe emithathu yangaphambili inyoni ixhunywe yi-membrane. I-loon enomqala omnyama inezwi le-sonorous - ekuchichimeni kwayo ungezwa ukukhala nokububula. Kumuntu onekhanda elimnyama, ukukhala kufana nesibungu. Ngeshwa, i-loon isesigabeni sokuqothulwa, ngakho-ke ithuba kuphela lokusindisa izinhlobo yiNcwadi Ebomvu. Imisindo yezinyoni zomphimbo omnyama esikhathini sokuzala zizwakala njenge- “ha-ha-ha-rra”, eyinikeze igama elinje.
Isilo se-Loon
Ku-clutch, inyoni ayinawo amaqanda amaningi - imvamisa eyodwa noma amabili. Imibala yamaqanda iyazisusa kahle kwizinyamazane - amaqanda ansundu ansundu ahlangana kahle nezitshalo zasogwini. Ngobude ifinyelela cishe amasentimitha ayishumi, futhi ngesisindo ngasinye sazo sidonsa cishe amagremu ayi-105.
Kusuka kubumbano lapho unganquma khona ukuthi sikuphi isidleke - i-loon ebomvu obomvu noma emnyama. Iqanda lokuqala linokuncane okuncane. Bobabili abalingani bafaka ubumbano - bayaphumelela bodwa, bavumela imiphefumulo yabo iphumule emanzini, balale badle. Isikhathi sokuqunjelwa sithatha cishe inyanga - amachwane angakwazi ukudonsa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-25 nangemva kweminyaka engama-30. Izingane zihlala esidlekeni isikhathi esifushane serekhodi - zingadluli izinsuku ezimbili. Ngemuva kwalokho abantu abadala baqala ukujwayela amachwane ukuthola amanzi. Indlela yokuqala ibukeka kanjena - amaphuphu agibela ngemuva kwenyoni endala bese ehlela emanzini. Maduze nje, ungabuka ukuthi izingane zibhukuda kanjani zodwa phakathi kwabazali bobabili. Ukuwavikela ngokucophelela kusuka ebubini obunokwenzeka.
I-Nesting
Amalogo hlala ngababili. Baqala ukuzala beneminyaka okungenani emithathu. Bahlala esidlekeni esimile samanzi ahlanzekile, okuvame ukuba yimifula enenqubo ethule. Isidleke sitholakala eduze namanzi, imvamisa eshalofini elinezitshalo ezinotshani, futhi siqukethe utshani obufanayo obukhula eduze kwesidleke, nasezitshalweni ezifile. Ukusuka esidlekeni kuya ekuholeni kwamanzi u-1-2 (kancane kaningi ku-3-4) ama-manholes, lapho izinyoni zingena khona esidlekeni bese zingena emanzini. Ogwini olunamakhaza, isidleke singaba inqwaba ehlaba umxhwele yemvula, ikakhulukazi evele ibolile, impahla yesitshalo. Ugqoko esidlekeni alujulile, kanti isidleke cishe sicishe sibe manzi. Eogwini olugqinsiwe, udoti kungenzeka ungabi nhlobo, futhi amaqanda alala ku-peat noma kwenye indawo engenalutho. Lezi izidleke ezintantayo, njengama-toadstools, ama-loon awenzi.
Ukuzala
Ku-clutch yamalogi, njengomthetho, amabili, kuyaqabukela eyodwa, futhi njengokuhlukile - amaqanda amathathu. Zinezimo ezi-oval-oval futhi zinombala omuhle, omdaka kakhulu omdaka noma onsundu ngombala oluhlaza okotshani, onamabala ansundu noma amnyama namabala amancane. Amaqanda awalali kakhulu esidlekeni, kepha aqhelelane nelinye kude. Owesifazane ubabeka isikhathi sokufika ezinsukwini eziningana. Womabili la malungu alungiselela ukushintshana izinsuku ezingama-24- 29, kodwa ikakhulukazi ngowesifazane.
Kusuka kumagwababa, ama-gulls nama-skuas amathanga imvamisa zivikela ngokwabo. Uma inja, umuntu, noma omunye umuntu obeka ingozi enkulu esondela esidlekeni, inyoni ebambekile kuqala icasha esidlekeni, igobe intamo yayo ende, bese ithuleka ngokungena ingene emanzini ivele ivele ibangeni, ithule ibhukuda buthule ngaphandle. Kubumbano obumbambile, i-loon ihlala kakhulu, ivumela inyamazane eduze, ivame ukuyikhipha esidlekeni ngemibukiso enomsindo - ukudonsa, ukukhala, ukushaya amaphiko ayo, "ukudansa" emanzini. Imichilo embozwe ngogrey omnyama phansi. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokubopha, ziyakwazi ukubhukuda futhi zishone kahle, kodwa ezinsukwini zokuqala zivame ukuhlala ogwini, zicashe otshanini. Abazali babondla ngama-invertebrates asemanzini nezinhlanzi ezincane. Ekukhuleni, amaphuphu afunda ukuzibamba. Zithola ukuzimela nokukwazi ukundiza zineminyaka engama-6-7 amasonto.
Loon nomuntu
Ukubaluleka okusebenzayo kwamalogi kuncane. Zitholakala ngamanani amancane kanye nezinye izinyoni ezentengiso zabantu bomdabu baseNyakatho Ekude, zisebenzisa inyama ekudleni. Ukudoba okwedlule kwezikhumba okwenziwe kuzo "uboya bezinyoni" manje sekumisiwe. Ukudla izinhlanzi, ama-loons angenza ingozi ethile ekudobeni, yize kungabalulekanga, ngoba inani lezinhlanzi abazichithayo alibalulekanga kangako uma kuqhathaniswa nezinga lale ndawo yokudoba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bedla abantu abagulayo nababuthakathaka, ama-loons adlala indima yesinye sezici zokukhethwa kwemvelo, athinta isimo sangempela somhlambi wezinhlanzi ezentengiso.
Isici
I-Waterfowl ngosayizi we-goose noma wedada omkhulu, ahluka kuwo ngesibhali somlomo (hhayi flat). Ubude bezinkuni busuka ku-53 kuya ku-91 cm, amaphiko asuka ku-106 kuya ku-152 cm, isisindo sisuka ku-1 kuye ku-6.4 kg. Emazulwini ezindizayo, amaphiko amancane ahlaba umxhwele, imilenze iyasuka emuva, njengokungathi esikhundleni somsila. Ngokundiza, "uyakhothama" kancane, ugobe phansi intamo, nayo eyehluka kumarhanisi namadada. Zihluke kuma-grebes ngosayizi omkhulu, umzimba omkhulu kakhulu, ngesikhathi sokuluthwa kwemithi - lapho kungekho khona okokuhlobisa izimpaphe ekhanda. Umehluko obonakalayo obaluleke kakhulu ukwakheka kwemilenze (ezinkulweni iminwe emithathu yangaphambili ixhunyiwe yilolwande, kuyilapho ezimatheni zangasese akukho mehluko phakathi kweminwe. Umgogodla uthambile kakhulu.
Ukubonakala kwabesilisa nabesilisa kuyafana: amaplamu ohlangothini lwe-ventral mhlophe, kanti phezulu limnyama ngemisinga emhlophe noma ngombala onsundu. Ekhanda nasentanyeni kukhona iphethini yesimo sohlobo ngalunye. Ezinganeni, nasezinyoni ezindala ngesikhathi sobusika, leli phethini alikho, futhi umbala weplamu uyabonakala kakhulu - phansi emhlophe nesiqongo esimnyama.
Amathambo wamathambo awasho lutho, njengezinye izinyoni. Zilukhuni futhi zisindayo, okusiza ama-loons ekushayeleni. Amalogi avumelana nezimo zasemanzini kangangokuba zihamba ngobunzima obukhulu emhlabathini, futhi kuyaqabukela kakhulu ukumbona osebeni. Njengomthetho, ama-loon akahambi, kepha anyathela ngezinyawo, okunikeza umbono wokuthi abamba ngesisu. Amalogi aze alale emanzini futhi avakashele umhlaba kuphela ngesikhathi sokudalwa.
Izwi
Izwi likhulu futhi lihlukile, liqukethe ukukhala nokububula. Ngesikhathi sokudlekwa, ukukhala okukhulu kwe- “ha-ha-ha-rrra” kuyimpawu. Ekhweni elibunjiwe bomvu obomvu, lokhu kukhala kukhishwa bobabili abalingani, kwezinye izinhlobo, kuphela owesilisa.
Isililo esiyisixwayiso esivela kumphimbo omnyama, obomvu obomvu obomvu kanye namawele amhlophe - amile ngokufana namakhonkwane; kumalobolo omhlophe omhlophe nokhokhiswa amnyama, lo msindo ufana kakhulu nokuhleka okushisayo, yingakho isaga esithi "Uhlanya njengesikhonkwane".
Incazelo, izinhlobo
Inyoni yeLoon iwukubamba kwamanzi. Emhlabeni, kukhethwa kuphela njengezinyathelo sokugcina. Zonke “izinyathelo” zinikezwa i-loon ubunzima, ngoba imilenze, "iguqulwe" emuva, yenzelwe ukubhukuda olwandle. Ngakho-ke, emhlabathini, inyoni igaqa ikakhulu esiswini sayo. I-Ornithologists yazi izinhlobo ezinhlanu.
Ukungafanele kudidaniswe ne-eider dider - lokhu kungummeleli wenye into edonswayo. Umbala uhlukile ngokuphelele.
Izinyoni zaseLoon zinamagama abonisa ukwehluka kwangaphandle phakathi kwezinkampani ezikhethekile:
- umlomo omnyama,
- emnyama-thile
- Kuboshwe umphimbo obomvu
- omhlophe
- -negazi elimhlophe.
Umehluko omkhulu kusuka kwezinye izinyoni yisikhumba esibushelelezi. Ezimvama kakhulu ezijwayelekile ezimnyama - uhlobo olubhalwe ku-Red Book.
Sizobe sikwenza lokhu ngemininingwane eminingi. Umzimba ungama-50-70 cm ubude, isisindo sawo siphezulu ku-3.4 kg, amaphiko aso ngamasentimitha ayi-130. Umbala awuhlukanga ngemibala, kepha muhle kakhulu. Entanyeni, njengoba injalo, imivimbo emincane emnyama nomhlophe, njengekhola ehlanganisiwe. Ikhanda limnyama, licwebezela "licwebezela", njengomzimba wonke.
Izimpaphe ezisiswini zimhlophe, phezulu - grey emnyama enamabala amhlophe - imibuthano ezinhlangothini. Ukuzwakala komsindo womphimbo omnyama kufana nengweji yokhakhayi, futhi ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, njengakwezinye izinhlobo, ungezwa kahle igama elithi “ha-ha-garra”. Kungakho igama - loon.
Ukusatshalaliswa
Zihlala ezindaweni ezise-tundra nezamahlathi zaseYurophu, e-Asia naseNyakatho Melika, lapho zisatshalaliswa enyakatho eziqhingini ezikude kakhulu. E-Asia, bahlala nasezihlahleni zamachibi nasezihlahleni zezintaba eziseningizimu yeSiberia.
Amalogi asebenzisa impilo yawo yonke emanzini noma eduze kwaso. Zitholakala ogwini lolwandle, nasemachibini kanye nasemifuleni. I-Overwinter ogwini lolwandle olungenaqhwa. EYurophu, yiNyakatho neBaltic Seas, kanye nenyakatho yoLwandle iMedithera. EMelika, kungasogwini lwePacific oluseningizimu ePeninsula yaseCalifornia kanye nogu lwe-Atlantic oluya eFlorida. E-Asia, lolu ugu lwaseChina luya eHainan Island.
Indlela yokufuduka ethokozisayo yisibalo sabantu baseNorth Siberian base-abamnyama aboshwe ngamehlo. Lezi zinyoni ebusika oLwandle Olumnyama, entwasahlobo ziqala ukundiza ziye eBaltic, kuthi lapho ziluyela eLwandle Olumhlophe kuphela. Lokhu kuziphatha, lapho izindlela zokufudukela kobusika nobusika zihluka, kuyinto ebonakala ezinhlotsheni ezimbalwa zezinyoni.
Habitat, indlela yokuphila
Amalogi angabantu basolwandle olusenyakatho. Kuvikelwa emakhazeni ngamafutha angenasisekelo nohlanga olubushelelezi olubonakala ngemuva kokuncibilika ebusika. Naphezu kokumelana nesithwathwa, izinyoni ziyaphoqelelwa ukuba zifuduke - ziyabhubha uma ichibi laso lendabuko limbozwe yiqhwa. Izintandokazi zolwandle zokusika ubusika - Mnyama noma Mhlophe.
Izindawo zokuhlala eziyinhloko yingxenye esenyakatho ye-Eurasia naseMelika. I-loon itholakala ngisho naku-tundra noma ezintabeni, into esemqoka ukuthi kunamanzi eduze. Izinyoni zibuthana emihlambini, kepha i-loon iqaphile ngabantu, amacala okuthi "ukwenziwa kwasekhaya" kwayo akwaziwa.
Amathanga ka-Loon adala entwasahlobo. Lapho nje iqhwa lincibilika, bakha izidleke eduze kwamanzi, ukuze kuthi lapho kwenzeka ingozi baqubuke ngokushesha. Ngokwesilinganiso, insikazi ibekela amaqanda amabili - ayi-oval ngesimo sombala we-olive. Amaqanda makhulu impela - cishe yi-9-10 cm, enesisindo esingu-100 g.
Ngaphandle kwenani elincane lamaqanda - angadluli ku-3, insikazi ibeka “izigaba,” “ngekhefu” leviki.
Umama akazishiyi amaphuphu, azondle izinambuzane ezincane kanye nefry. Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zihamba ngokuzimela, kepha azikwazi ukuthola ukudla. Amachwane “ukubhukuda” ngemuva komama abukeka ethinta inhliziyo. Ngakho-ke loon ifundisa inzalo ukubhukuda, umhlane wayo uyisikebhe sokudada.
Izici, amaqiniso athakazelisayo
Uma inyoni iba sengozini enkulu emhlabeni ngenxa yokuqhuma, i-gait ehamba kancane, khona-ke kunzima ukuyibamba emanzini. Ibona ubungozi, i-loon iyantshontsha ibhukude, ihambe ngokushesha ngaphansi kwamanzi. “Ukufika” kwenyoni emanzini nakho kuyathakazelisa. Cishe wonke umzimba wakhe ufihliwe, kuphela ikhanda entanyeni egobile lingabonakala phezulu.
Inyoni yenyoni ithanda ukuhlanzeka okuzungezile, mhlawumbe, futhi ngakho-ke ibeka indawo yokuhlala yabantu enenqwaba yokungcola nemfucumfucu. Ukuzingela lezi zinyoni eziqhoshayo kwenqatshelwe, izinhlobo eziningi ziyafa, kodwa abanye abantu basenyakatho basadoba ngoboya obalulekile be-loon.
Umsebenzi
Ama-loon abhukuda kahle futhi angena emanzini ngokumangalisayo, ngesinye isikhathi ehla aze afinyelele kumamitha angama-21 futhi uhlale ngaphansi kwamanzi imizuzu eyi-1.5. Impilo yabo yonke bachitha emanzini, beshiya umhlaba ngesikhathi sokudalwa. Iningi lezinyoni zasolwandle, izidumbu zamanzi ahlanzekile zivakashela kuphela lapho zizalela futhi zifuduka, futhi sonke isikhathi ezinye zigcinwa olwandle njalo.
Thatha emanzini, usakaze isikhathi eside ngokumelene nomoya. Indiza ye-loons iyashesha futhi, ngokungafani namadada, i-manoeuvrable, ngokushaya kwamaphiko njalo, nekhanda elikhothame kancane. Bahlala futhi phezu kwamanzi kuphela, ngenkathi bephakamisa amaphiko abo, becindezela imilenze yabo emuva futhi kulesi sikhundla benza ukubambeka okushelelayo ngokushibilika esiswini sabo. Bahlala phansi emanzini futhi bagxibilike kakhulu engcupheni, kunokuba bahambe. Lapho zihamba ngaphansi kwamanzi, ngokuyinhloko zisebenzisa imilenze yazo, ethwalwa emuva kakhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi lapho diving usebenzisa amaphiko, kepha ngokuvamile amaphiko abekwa emhlane wawo futhi ambozwe kusukela kumanzi yizimpaphe ezimboze ngamaphiko ngokwawo, ngemuva kwawo nangawo amade, enza “ipokhethi” elikhethekile. Okunye ukuguquguquka kusuka ekumeni yimvula yokugcotshwa kwamafutha ngamanoni we-supra-umsila coccygeal gland. Isembozo se-feather sikhulu, sinobukhulu obukhulu be-fluff. Ungqimba lwamafutha angaphansi futhi usindisa ku-hypothermia.
Ezinyoni ezindala, ukuncibilika kuqala ekwindla, ngaphambi kokundiza, i-plumage mating iyaguquka ibe amapulangwe asebusika abuthuntu. Ekuphakameni kobusika, izimpaphe ziwa ngasikhathi sinye, futhi izinyoni zilahlekelwa amandla okundiza izinyanga ezi-1-1. Ngo-Ephreli, isengezwe impahla yokugqoka yasehlobo.
Ubusika ezilwandle ezifudumele. Intsha ihlala lapho ehlobo lokuqala, noma kuze kufike ukuvuthwa kufinyelelwe. Entwasahlobo, bafika sekwephuzile, lapho kunamanzi amaningi ahlanzekile. Amawundi wezinyoni ezindizeni abukeka njengamaqembu ahlakazekile, phakathi kwezinyoni kukhona izikhala zamamitha athile noma amashumi amamitha. Ngisho ngababili, owesilisa nowesifazane bandiza behlukane.
Amaloons asehlale iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20. Izikhala zihlala njalo futhi, mhlawumbe, ziphikelela impilo.
Abantu noLoon
Inani elincane le-loons, kanye nezinye izinyoni zomdlalo, abomdabu baseFar North babanjwa besebenzisa inyama ekudleni. Phambilini, izigqoko zabesifazane zazenziwe ngezikhumba zezikhumba (amabele amhlophe nesisu), kwakukhona ukudotshwa okukhethekile kwe- "bird fur", noma "intambo ye-loon". Imfashini yemikhiqizo enjalo isidlulile, futhi manje akukho ukudoba okuqhubekayo.
Amandla okuzala ama-loon aphansi kakhulu, aqaphe futhi angavamile ukuhlala eduze kwabantu. Imvamisa ifa ngamanetha okudoba, kusukela ekudutshulweni kwabazingeli abanesizungu nakuzo zonke izinhlobo zokungcola, ikakhulukazi uwoyela.
Isikhathi eside edolobheni laseHawthorne (Nevada, USA) osebeni lwentaba kasawoti eseduze Walker Lake, lwalubanjwa minyaka yonke Umkhosi we-Loon: Amakhulu abantu ahlangana nemihlambi yalezi zinyoni, eyamisa ukuma ukuze iphumule futhi iyondle ngesikhathi sokufuduka. Kusukela ngonyaka we-2009, umcimbi bekufanele ukhanseliwe, njengoba i-Walker isiqala ukujula, ngenxa yalokho usawoti nokugcwala kwezinto eziyingozi ekwenyukeni kwamanzi. Manje izinyoni zindizela ngapha kwaleli chibi echibini.
Umlando wokuziphendukela kwemvelo
Amalogi mhlawumbe angenye yamaqembu amadala phakathi kwezinyoni zesimanje. I-loon yakudala kakhulu eyatholakala ku-Upper Oligocene yaseNyakatho Melika - inyoni encane yohlobo I-Colymboides. Kukhona futhi nezinye izinsalela zakudala eziningi ezenzeka emuva kokuphela kweCretaceous, kepha okwabo kungama-loon okwamanje kuyaphikiswa. URod Loon (IGavia) kuvela ku-Lower Miocene. Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezinhlanu ezikhona, izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye zezinto eziphilayo ezatholakala kuhlobo lweGavia ziyaziwa:
Ngokuziphatha futhi, kubonakala sengathi, ngendlela ehlobene, ama-loons asondele kufana ne-penguin-ne-tubular-nosed. Amawoloni ahlangana kakhulu namatoyi. Le miyalo emibili yezinyoni ayinalutho olufana noma ngabe i-morphology noma i-ecology.
Umnotho
Ngokwesiko, ama-loons ayebhekwa njengasondelene notshwala obunamakha, kuwo afana kakhulu nangaphandle kwendlela yokuphila. UKarl Linney ngonyaka we-1758 wabeka imindeni yomibili eqenjini lezinhlobo Colymbus, nayo ebeyingxenye yeqembu Ukuhlaselwa, ukuhlanganisa cishe zonke izingcingo zamanzi ezazaziwa ngaleso sikhathi. Isikhathi eside, izazi zezilwane zinamathela ekuhlukaniseni kwe-Linear of the loons. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, ama-loons kanye nama-grebe-afana nawo ahlukaniswa aba imindeni emibili, eyabhekwa njengehlobene. U-Leon Gardner waba ngudokotela wezilwane wokuqala ngo-1925 ukungabaza ubudlelwano phakathi kwama-loons nama-grebes. Ucwaningo lwakamuva luveze ukuthi ukufana phakathi kwale mindeni kungumphumela wokuziphendukela kwemvelo.
Onke amalobolo aphila namuhla angabomndeni ofanayo we-loons (Gaviidae) nohlobo olufanayo lwamalogi (IGavia) Izinhlobo ezine zazikhonjwa phambilini, kepha ucwaningo lwakamuva luveze ukuthi loon-emhlophe, ebhekwa njengengxenye yensimbi enomqala omnyama, iyinhlobo ehlukile.
I-Cladogram elinganiselwe yobudlelwano bokuhlobana phakathi kwama-loon:
Loon Hunt
I-loon enomqala omnyama ibaluleke ngokukhethekile kubantu. Abantu baseFar North basebenzisa inyama yenkukhu ekudleni, ngaphezu kwalokho, akunzima ukubamba i-loon. Imvamisa, izinyoni ngokwazo ziba nokudideka ngamanetha okudoba, lapho kunzima khona ukuzithola. Kwake kwathi, okwezikhumba zabesifazane (isisu esimhlophe kanye nesifuba), izigqoko zomsila okhethekile zaboshwa ngomsila wendawo, kepha namuhla lobu buciko abusasebenzi. Isigaxa esimnyama omnyama asithandi ukusondelana kwabantu - inyoni iyafa ngenxa yokungcola okushiywe ngabantu, imvamisa ukuzingela kuyajabulisa. Ngakho-ke, kwamanye amazwe kukhona nomkhosi wezilo. Lapho izinyoni zifika olwandle olufudumele, abantu zihlangana nabo, zibanikeze ukudla okulula futhi bahlele izimo ezijwayelekile zokuphumula. Sithole ukuthi ibukeka kanjani i-loon enomqala omnyama. Incazelo emfushane izokwenza kucace ukuthi ungayihlukanisa kanjani, isibonelo, kubadayi abajwayelekile.
Loon emanzini
Lapho le nyoni ibhukuda, inhloko kuphela ebheke phansi, ingxenye encane yangemuva nentamo ebunjiwe kancane ibonakala ebusweni - ukubekwa kwale nyoni kuphansi impela. Uma inyoni iqala ukukhathazeka, icwila ngokujulile emanzini, ekugcineni ishiya kuphela ikhanda nendawo encane yentamo ngaphezu kwamanzi.
Ngokwesaba okunamandla, umane ucwila ngaphansi kwamanzi, ulinde isikhashana, kuze kudlule ingozi. I-loon enomqala omnyama ihamba kalula ngaphansi kwamanzi - njengokungathi ikhishwe ukhokho ngomzuzu owodwa, ingamboza ibanga lamamitha ayi-500. Lokhu kumsindisa kubazingeli abaningi abadida le nyoni nodada balinde ukuthi ivele endaweni efanayo.
Ukuningi okuncane nge-loon yomphimbo omnyama
Ngeshwa, abantu bale nhlobo bahlala bengaphansi. Amachibi ayoma, imvelo ihlangana nezandla zabantu - konke lokhu kunomthelela wokuthi izinyoni kufanele zifune izindawo ezintsha, futhi lokhu kuyingozi eqhubekayo lapho kudalulwa loon ompimbo omnyama. Incwadi Ebomvu iyakwenqabela ukuzingela kwalezi [nyoni, kepha imisa abantu kancane. Ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva, inani lezinyoni liye lehla kaningi, kwezinye izindawo zanyamalala unomphela. Kulezi zinsuku, amalobolo anombala omnyama angatholakala kakhulu - inyoni izama ukuhlala ehlane, kude neso lomuntu, ikakhulukazi emachibini amakhulu ehlathi. Isibonelo, endaweni yaseKrasnodar Territory, le nyoni ibhalisiwe ikakhulukazi - sebebonke kunabantu abangaba ngu-500, okuyisibalo esiphansi sohlobo olujwayelekile lwe-loon.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
I-Loon - inyoni yasenyakatho enamanzi ukusuka ekuthakatheni kwama-loons. Leli ngelinye lamaqembu asendulo futhi acwebile ezinyoni phakathi kwezinyoni zesimanje. Imfucumfucu emidala kakhulu ingeye-Upper Oligocene yaseNyakatho Melika; isiyonke, izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye zezinto ezasendulo zamononi ziyaziwa.
Kuze kube manje, kukhona ezinhlanu kuphela:
- umlomo omnyama,
- omnyama noma omnyama-luhlaza uhlobo olujwayelekile kakhulu,
- Kuboshwe umphimbo obomvu
- omhlophe
- omhlophe.
Zonke zihlukile ngokubukeka, indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha kufana ngokuphelele. Phambilini, izazi zezilwane bezikhombe izinhlobo ezine kuphela, kepha ucwaningo lwesayensi lwakamuva luveze ukuthi izinhlobo ezinamhlophe okungezona ezokuxhumana zabansundu, kepha zimelela uhlobo oluzimele.
Ividiyo: Loon
Isikhathi eside, ama-loon ayethathwa njengezihlobo ezisondelene zezinyoni ezinamafutha ngenxa yokufana ukubukeka kwawo nendlela abaphila ngayo, kodwa kamuva izazi zezilwane zavuma ukuthi izinyoni zinezici ezifanayo ngenxa yokuvela kokuguqula.
Kwi-morphology kanye nemvelo, la ma-oda amabili awafani. Ohlelweni oluhlobene futhi morphologically, amalobolo asondele ku-tubular, like penguin-like.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Amathambo emithambo ye-loon alukhuni futhi asindayo, hhayi awasho lutho, njengezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni. Ngenxa yalokhu, zivumelaniswe ngokuphelele nokuphila kwemvelo yasemanzini, okuthi ngisho nokulala kungayi emhlabeni.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Isithombe: Ukuthi i-loon ibukeka kanjani
I-Loon enesimo somzimba nosayizi ofana nedada elikhulu noma ihansi, abanye abantu bafinyelela osayizi abakhulu futhi bathola isisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu ayi-6. Amawoloni amise okomlomo ocijile, ahlukile kumanzi amaningi emanzini ngobuhle bombala wawo.
Ngokubukeka, owesilisa akahlukile kwabesifazane:
- isisu simhlophe, kanti umzimba ongaphezulu umnyama noma onsundu ngombala omkhulu wamabala amhlophe,
- ikhanda nentamo kuhlotshiswe ngephethini yesimo sohlobo ngalunye.
Ebantwaneni nasebantwini abadala be-loons ngesikhathi sasebusika, iphethini ayikho futhi umbala we-plumage uyisimangaliso. Okuhle kakhulu phakathi kwama-loons ngamadada amancane abomvu anomqala. Imicu ekhanyayo epinki entanyeni yakhe ifana kakhulu nethayi futhi iyisici esiyingqayizivele sokuhlukanisa.
Amalogi anezimpiko ezincane ezihlobene nomzimba. Ngenkathi indiza, "ilala" kancane, idonsa intamo yayo kakhulu, bese yelula imilenze yabo emuva, okubenza babukeke njengomsila. Ngokusho kokubukeka "okugxile" bangahlukaniswa ukundiza kusuka kumadada noma ejwayelekile noma endizeni.
Iminwe emithathu eyeqisayo emilenzeni ye-loon ixhunyiwe nge-membrane, ngakho-ke izizwa ihle kakhulu emanzini futhi ingavikelekile kakhulu emhlabathini. Futhi izimpaphe ngezinyoni zithambile futhi zimnandi uma uthintwa. Amapayipi afudumele, awugqinsi avikela i-loon ku-hypothermia.
Ihlala kuphi i-loon?
Isithombe: ILoon bird
Amanzi asolwandle athanda amanzi abandayo olwandle namachibi asenyakatho. Izindawo zokuhlala eziphambili: i-Europe, i-Asia kanye nayo yonke iNyakatho Melika. Kukhona ama-loons e-tundra, izintaba, amahlathi, ngaphansi kwendawo yokugcina eduzane, ngoba achitha impilo yawo yonke eduzane nasemanzini. Abanye abantu beza emhlabeni kuphela ngenkathi yokuzalela nokuzalela amaqanda.
Lapho amachibi ebanda, izinyoni zindiza ngamaqembu ziya emachibini angamakhaza. Kusebusika ikakhulukazi oLwandle Olumnyama, iBaltic noma iWhite, ugu lwePacific, Atlantic Ocean. Ama-loon anokuziphatha okungajwayelekile ngesikhathi sokufuduka, lapho indlela eya ebusika ihluka kusuka endleleni yokufuduka kusuka ebusika, okuyisimo sezinyoni ezimbalwa kuphela.
Ama-loon asemancane ahlala emanzini afudumele onke amahlobo awo okuqala, kwesinye isikhathi aze afike lapho esefikisa. Entwasahlobo, ama-loon ahlala efika sekwephuzile, lapho sekuvele kunamanzi amaningi ahlanzekile.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Abantu bomdabu baseNyakatho Ekude bakhiqiza i-loon ngesilinganiso esilinganiselwe kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezentaka ukuze basebenzise inyama yabo ukudla. Futhi, phambilini bekukhona ukudotshwa okukhethekile kwama-loons kwe- "bird fur", noma "amalogi entamo", kepha ngenxa yezinguquko emfashinini kanye nokwehla kwesidingo, namuhla akuqhutshwa.
Ngabe i-loon idlani?
Photo: Black Loon
Izinhlanzi ezincane ezihlala ekujuleni kolwandle namachibi zakha ukudla okuvamile kwama-loon. Ngesikhathi sokudoba, inyoni kuqala icwilisa ikhanda layo emanzini, ibheke isikhala esingaphansi kwayo, bese ingena buthule. Ekuphishekeleni inyamazane, loons iyakwazi ukudonsa amashumi amaningana amamitha nokubamba umoya wayo imizuzwana engama-90.
Ngesikhathi sokuhamba ngokushesha kwikholamu yamanzi, izinyawo zewebhu ezisetshenzisiwe ikakhulukazi, ezihlala ziguqulwa emuva emuva kakhulu. Kuyaqabukela, lapho kudonswa izimbambo, amaphiko ebandakanyeka, esikhathini esiningi ahlala abekwe ngokuqinile emhlane futhi avikelekile ukuthi angabi manzi yizimpaphe ezimboze ngemuva, ngamaphiko nangezimpaphe eziseceleni zezinhlaka, akha uhlobo ephaketheni. Isivikelo esingeziwe ekuthini manzi ngamafutha we-supra-caudal glandular glandular, lapho loons ithambisa khona ugesi wayo.
Uma kungekho zinhlanzi ezanele, khona-ke ama-loon angadla cishe yonke into, ecebile emanzini olwandle namachibi: ama-mollusks, ama-crustaceans, izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene. Izinyoni azideleli ngisho ne-algae. Kwesinye isikhathi, ngokungena shí ezinhlanzini, bawela emanethini okudoba.
Iqiniso elihehayo: I-Loon enamaphengwini angabanqobi ngokuphelele ekujuleni kokujula. Kunezimo lapho lezi zinyoni zibanjwa ngabadobi ngokujula okungamamitha angama-70.
Imininingwane ejwayelekile
Ukubhonga okugcwele usizi nokulusizi yimikhalo yezilo. Ehlobo, zivame ukusakazeka amachibi ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ye-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika, lapho lezi zidleke zidla khona. Emhlabathini, ama-loon ahamba ngobunzima obukhulu, ngoba ama-paws awo ahanjiswa emuva, yize kungenjalo njengamaphinifa. Emilenzeni kukhona izingqimba zokubhukuda ezixhuma yonke iminwe emine.
Amalogi aya emhlabathini kuphela ukuze azalwe, futhi nangaleso sikhathi afuna ukwakha isidleke eduze namanzi uqobo. Bobabili abazali babamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kobumbono nokukhulisa amaphuphu. Amabhuqa ashiya izidleke zawo ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqunjelwa. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zibhukuda kahle, bese kuthi eholidini zigibele emhlane wabazali bazo. Zidla ikakhulu inhlanzi, kanye ne-shellfish, ama-crustaceans kanye namanye ama-invertebrates asemanzini.
Ukucula izingodo
Onke amalogo avezwa ngokweqisa, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuphola nobusuku. Kepha "ukucula" kwabo, kwesinye isikhathi abayizithulu, akuhlukaniswa ngumbono. Isimemezelo esimenyezelayo simemezela enye indawo ngezindawo ezihamba ngamamayile agijimayo, sikhalela phezulu, sivele siqhume ngokuhleka kobunyoninco kufanelekile kulesi saga esithi "uyahlanya njenge-loon".
I-polon loon esimweni sokulwa ilungiselela ukuxosha imbangi esondelayo.
I-loons enobomvu obukhali isidlekeni kumachibi e-tundra. Amathambo e-Loon aqinile futhi aqine ngaphakathi, esiza ekunqobeni ukudonsa kwamanzi futhi enze ukucwilisa kube lula. Zishona kahle futhi zidla ikakhulu izinhlanzi.
Izinhlobo eziphikelelayo kunazo zonke
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ama-loons agcinwa emihlanjini emincane, abantu abangu-10-15, uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, basebenza ngokomgomo "ngamunye wakhe." Ukugijimisana namanzi, uthathe, futhi "usakaze" ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Kepha, uma izidleke zibekwa engcupheni, omakhelwane “abangumnikazi” bahlangana ngamaqembu futhi ndawonye batheleleke kude nolwandle.
Le nyoni enomusa ingummeleli wezinyoni zasenyakatho ezinelukuluku lokufunda. Umbala omuhle, izwi elibanzi "repertoire", nokuhlanzeka kwalo okumangazayo kuyathandeka.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Ama-Loon-like ikakhulukazi asolwandle basolwandle, futhi andizela echibini lamanzi amnandi kuphela lapho kunokudlekwa noma ekuphumuleni lapho efuduka. Izinyoni zihlukaniswa ngobuningi ekukhetheni kwendawo yokuhlala nobusika. Bachitha cishe impilo yabo yonke emanzini, befika ezweni kuphela ukuze bathole izidleke.
Abantu abadala molt ekwindla ngaphambi kokusuka - khona-ke amaplamu okuzala angajwayelekile ashintshe abe ngumbala ofanayo. Ebusika, izimpaphe ziphuma kanyekanye, futhi amalogi awakwazi ukukhuphukela emoyeni izinyanga ezi-1-1,5. Ngo-Ephreli kuphela, izinyoni zithola amaplamu ehlobo.
Zindiza ngokushesha, zivame ukushaya amaphiko azo, zihamba kancane. Thatha kuphela ebusweni bamanzi, ngenkathi ubude ubhekene nomoya. Bahlala bahlala esiswini sabo emanzini, ngenkathi bephakamisa amaphiko abo phezulu, futhi imilenze yabo ihlehlela emuva. Ngenxa yesakhiwo esithile nendawo yokuhlala yemilenze, izinyoni ziba nzima kakhulu emhlabeni. I-loon ihlala phansi emanzini; engozini, imvamisa ayikhumuli, kepha iwele.
Emhlambini wezinyoni ezindizayo akukho muntu ophambili, ngakho-ke kusukela ohlangothini lendiza kungabonakala kungathi shu. Umhlambi uqukethe amaqembu amancane ezinyoni ahlakazekile, lapho ibanga lingafinyelela khona amashumi amamitha ambalwa.
Lezi yizinyoni eziqaphile kakhulu ezizama ukuhlala kude nabantu, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuziguqula zibe ezifuywayo, kanti nokho, izwi lamalogi lihluke kakhulu, bayakwazi ukulingisa ukukhala kwezinye izinyoni nezilwane.
Eminye imisindo abayenzayo ifana kakhulu nezwi lomuntu, ngokwesibonelo:
- lapho beklama indawo yabo nasesidlekeni, ukukhala kwabo kunjengokukhala kwesilwane okukhulu,
- uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, benza izexwayiso ezibukhali ezizwakalayo zikhumbuza ukuhleka komuntu.
Iqiniso elihehayoIzizwe zasenyakatho zinenganekwane yokuthi amaqembu e-loon, azwakala ngenkathi endiza, ahamba nemiphefumulo yabathumbi asebeshonile.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Loon Chick
Amalogi ayizinto ezithandanayo futhi akha amazinyane okuphila. Bayakwazi ukuzala kuphela lapho bebathathu, iminyaka yabo yobudala ephakathi kweminyaka engu-15 ukuya kwengama-20. Izidleke ezinjenge-Loon ezindlini zokugcina ezinamanzi amasha, aqinile. Izinzwa zakhiwa ngotshani, izitshalo ezibozayo ziseduze nolwandle. Ukusuka kuzo ngazinye, izimbobo ezi-2-3 ziholela emanzini, ngosizo lapho amalogi azithola esezindabeni zawo zemvelo ngemizuzwana nje. Izidleke cishe zihlala zimanzi, njengoba udoti ongaphansi kwazo awuvamile ukwenziwa izinyoni.
Imidlalo yokumatanisa yamalogi ingumbono othokozisayo. Abantu abanezikhwebu eziyizithulu bajahile, bashesha ukulima ebusweni bamanzi bese belula izintamo zabo. Ukuhluma kwenzeka emanzini. Ngekhefu lekufika emalangeni lamanyenti, insikazi ibekela emaqanda lamakhulu lamatsatfu ansundu. Amaqanda agxila ezinsukwini ezingama-25-30 ngababili, kodwa ikakhulukazi ngowesifazane.
Ezinyoni nababhubhisi abancane, ama-loons ayakwazi ukuvikela ukwenziwa kwawo. Uma umhlaseli omkhulu noma umuntu esondela endaweni edlekayo, inyoni iyagobhoza esidlekeni bese ithi, isigobe intamo yayo, isheshe ingene emanzini.
Ukuqhela ebangeni, i-loon ibhukuda ngokubuka okunganaki ogwini, ingekho imisindo. Uma ukubumbana sekubunjiwe, khona-ke izinyoni eziyizidleke ziyaphazamiseka esidlekeni ngenzalo ngazo zonke izindlela ezingakhona: diving, ukumemeza kakhulu, ukuhleka, ukushaya amaphiko. Ukukhula okusha kuzalwa emapulazini amnyama grey. Imikhaza icishe ilungele ukubhukuda nokuntywila, kodwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala icasha otshanini. Bayoba abazimele ngokuphelele ngemuva kwamaviki angama-6-7, futhi ngaphambi kwalesi sikhathi abazali babo babondla ngezinhlanzi ezincane nama-invertebrates.
Izitha zemvelo ze-loon
Photo: Amanzi Loon
Emvelweni wemvelo, abantu abadala banezitha ezimbalwa, njengoba ziqaphele kakhulu futhi, ngengozi encane, zishona phansi emanzini noma zikhale ngendlela eyethusayo bese ziqala ukushaya amaphiko azo kakhulu. Ezinye izinhlobo zamalogi, kunalokho, musa ukuzama ukungena emanzini, kodwa ukundiza phezulu.
Uma izinyoni ezivuthiwe ngokobulili zikwazi ukuzivikela noma, okungenani, ukubaleka ngesikhathi, khona-ke ukwakheka kwazo kwesinye isikhathi kuchithwa yiziqhude, izimpungushe ezingama-arctic, ama-skuas. Izilwane ezincane nazo zingaba izisulu zazo, yize zinakekelwa abazali bazo.
Umuntu akayona into eyisitha. Inyama yalezi zinyoni zasemanzini ayihlukile ngokunambitheka okhethekile futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu kakhulu futhi kuphela ngabantu baseNyakatho Ekude.
Usongo olukhulu ezinjeni ngumsebenzi womuntu ngokwakhe. Ukungcoliswa kawoyela okuvela olwandle kubhubhisa ama-loon amaningi kunezitha zemvelo.
Lezi zinyoni, ezivumelaniswa nezimo ezingezinhle kakhulu zemvelo, zingahlala kuphela emanzini ahlanzekile, futhi zizwela kakhulu kumakhemikhali ahlukahlukene. Uma ama-loon engakwazi ukuthola ichibi elinamanzi ahlanzekile okuzalela amaqanda, khona-ke kwisigamu samacala ngeke alale. Lapho izinyoni zizalela amaqanda, inani elikhulu lezilwane ezisencane liyafa.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ukuthi i-loon ibukeka kanjani
Amandla okuzala ama-loon aphansi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bafa ngenxa yezimo ezingezinhle zemvelo, bavame ukuwela ezinetheni zabadobi, futhi kwesinye isikhathi baba inyamazana labazingeli, abavame ukubadida nezinye izinyoni zomdlalo.
Okukhathaza kakhulu yisibalo somphimbo omnyama ne-loon emhlophe ekhokhwayo. Isibonelo, eYurophu kunamabhangqa angama-400 kuphela amadada anombala omnyama, oLwandle Olumnyama - ababanga ngaphezu kwamakhulu amahlanu abantu.
Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zikwiNcwadi Ebomvu yaseRussia futhi zinesimo sohlobo olusongelwayo. Kubomvu-ukufakwa kufakwe encwadini yezokuvikela yezifunda eziningana zezwe. Isimo sezinye izinhlobo zamalogi sizinzile.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Sekuyiminyaka eminingi, umkhosi o-loon ongajwayelekile wenziwa minyaka yonke kwelinye lamadolobha aseNevada e-United States ogwini lwechibi lasezintabeni elinamanzi kasawoti. Abantu bahlangana nemihlambi yezinyoni ezamisa echibini ukondla nokuthola amandla ngesikhathi sokufuduka. Ngemuva kokuthi ichibi liqale ukugaya futhi okuqukethwe usawoti nezinto eziyingozi emanzini alo kukhule, umkhosi wawusaba khona. Amalobolo amane ame lapho, endiza eduze kwakhe.
Amalogi awahlangani nabantu. Ezimweni zokwenziwa, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuzikhulisa, ikakhulukazi ukuthola inzalo, ngakho-ke alikho ipulazi elilodwa lapho lezi zinyoni ezigcinwe ngokucophelela zagcinwa khona.
I-Loon Guard
Photo: Loon kusukela Red Book
Ukuze ulondoloze inani lazo zonke izingodo, awukwazi ukungenelela endaweni yazo evamile. Izinsongo ezinkulu kubantu bomhlaba wonke ukungcoliswa kwamanzi olwandle nezilwandle, ikakhulukazi imfucuza kawoyela lapho kuqhutshwa khona uwoyela. Ukwehla kwenani lezinhlanzi ze-pelagic nakho kuholela ekwehlekeni kwenani lama-loons.
Amalogi avikelekile emvelweni wemvelo nasezindaweni ezingcwele zamazwe ambalwa aseYurophu, izifunda eziningana zaseRussia. Umsebenzi uyaqhubeka nokwakha izindawo zokugcina izindawo ezinamaqembu amakhulu okuzala, ngokubekelwa umthetho wokuphoqelelwa kwezimayini ze-peat eduze kwalezi zindawo. Ukudoba kufanele kungavunyelwe ngokuphelele ngamanetha ezindaweni ezondla izinyoni nezindawo zokudlela izidleke.
Into yokukhathazeka inethonya ekuzaleni kwabantu. Ngokuhambela okukhulu ogwini lwezidumbu zamanzi ngabavakashi nabadobi, ama-loon adla lapho aphoqeleka ukuba ashiye izidleke zawo, ngaleyo ndlela alahla inzalo yakhe ekufeni. Lezi yizinyoni ezinakekelayo, ngakho akuvamile ukuthi zibuyele ekuzenzeni. Emachibini avakashelwe ngokukhethekile, amalogi ngokuvamile ayeka ukundiza.
E-Russia, ama-loons asongelwa ikakhulukazi ngokuguqulwa kwezindawo ezigcina amadamu ezihlathini ezingenhla ngenxa yezimayini zepayini nokufa kwezinsizwa ezincane nezindala ezinkundleni zokuxhumana zabadobi.
LoonNjengoba inyoni yakudala yasendulo, isindile kuze kube sezikhathini zethu, futhi lokhu kuyamangalisa! Kungabizwa ngokuphephile ngokuthi ifosili lokuphila langempela. Ukuze lezi zinhlobo zingaphenduki into yesikhathi esedlule, umuntu udinga ukunaka kakhulu amalobolo nezidingo zawo zokuzala.