I-Striped Tail Dianema (i-Dianema urostriata) - inhlanzi yomndeni weCallichthous noma iCarapace catfish (Callichthyidae). Igama lesiLatin: Dianema urostriata.
Indawo yokuhlala kwe-stripe-tailed dianema iyizivumelwano zoMfula i-Amazon eduze nedolobha laseManaus eBrazil. Ikhetha izifunda ezisogwini zemizimba yamanzi enomsele wamanzi ongenamandla, amachibi namadamu amadamu ngaphansi komhlaba onodaka.
I-dianema enemisila emisipha inomzimba omude, weglandular. Umbala omkhulu womzimba onsundu okhanyayo. Umugqa omnyama owakhiwa izindawo eziningi ufana nomzimba. Amabhuzu amabili wezimpondo ezeluliwe ngaphambili atholakala ekuhlolweni okubukhali. Amapuleti amathambo adlula phakathi komzimba axhumeke cishe emapulini amane amathambo akhiwe phakathi kwamafutha nama-dorsal fins. Umbala womzimba kusuka okhanyayo okhanyayo ukuya ku-ocher. Yonke iminjunju, ngaphandle kwe-caudal, brown hue, isobala. Kumaphethelo we-caudal, imigqa emide emide nemnyama iyashintshana.
I-demorphism yezocansi: abesifazane bahlukile kwabesilisa besesiswini esiphelele ngokwedlulele, owesilisa uqhakazile futhi umncanyana. Imisebe yokuqala yamaphinifa enduna owesilisa onsundu.
Ngobude, inhlanzi ikhula ibe ngu-15 cm.
UDianema umugqa othanda ukuthula, othanda inhlanzi. Ukulungiselela ukuhlala ezindaweni eziphakathi nendawo eziphansi. Inhlanzi inyuka ngezikhathi ezithile ebusweni bamanzi ukugwinya umoya osemkhathini wokuphefumula. Amanzi ama-Swirls, efuna ukudla angamba umhlabathi, ngokuzithandela ame enkundleni. Ukwesaba, ngokwesaba, gibela esihlabathini, ucashe ezindaweni zokukhosela. Ihlangana kahle nenhlanzi efanayo ye-aquarium enokuthula, efanayo ngosayizi.
Kudingeka i-aquarium kusuka kubude obungamasentimitha angama-80. Inani eliphansi eliphakanyisiwe le-aquarium lomhlambi wabantu abangu-6-7: okungenani amalitha ayi-100. E-aquarium kufanele kube nezindawo zokukhosela ezivela emathangeni ezitshalo ze-aquarium kanye ne-driftwood. Njengomhlabathi, isihlabathi esiyindilinga kufanelekile.
Izinhlanzi ziyasebenza kusihlwa nasebusuku, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi ziyondla. Ukudla: bukhoma, esikhundleni salokho.
Isisusa sokuvela komzimba ukwehla komfutho womoya kanye nokwehla kwezinga lokushisa ngamazinga 2 - 3. Igqobhoza e-aquarium ehlukile enomthamo we-50 l noma ngaphezulu, lapho kufanele kube khona isihlahla sesitshalo se-aquarium esibanzi esintanta ebusweni bamanzi, ngokwesibonelo, i-nymphaea, noma idiski lepulasitiki elingaba cm 20 cm. Amanzi ahlanzekile ekunwetsheni anamapharamitha afanayo, ngaphandle kwezinga lokushisa, elingaphansi kuka-2,5 C C kune-aquarium ejwayelekile. Owesilisa ovela ku-foam wakhela isidleke eshidini, insikazi ibeka kuso, igxume phansi kweshidi, ifike kumaqanda angama-500. Ngemuva kokuhlakuka, insikazi iyancishiswa. Owesilisa uvikela isidleke ngamaqanda. Kunezikhathi lapho owesilisa eqala ukudla i-caviar, khona-ke idinga ukuhanjiswa e-aquarium ehlukile.
I-substrate ene-caviar, lapho nje iba mnyama, idluliselwa ku-incubator, ngoba ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila, i-fry izwela kakhulu izinga lokushisa ngokweqile, ukuba khona kwamaprotheni emanzini, futhi ibuye ihlaselwe isikhunta esibunjiwe. Amanzi aku-incubator kufanele aqukethe i-methylene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngesilinganiso se-5 mg ilitha ngalinye. Isikhathi sokufakwelwa yizinsuku ezingama-4-5, ngolunye usuku kamuva ukubhukuda kwama-fry. Ukuqala okuphakelayo: nauplii artemia, ama-rotifers.
I-Strip-tailed dianem ifinyelela ukuvuthwa eneminyaka eyi-1-1,5 ubudala.
Umndeni: Callichthy noma Carapace Catfish (Callichthyidae)
Imvelaphi: EBrazil
Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 20-27
Umswakama: 6.0-7.5
Ubulukhuni: 4-20
Izendlalelo zokuhlala: maphakathi, phansi
Ukubukeka
I-dianema enemisila emisila ekhula ibe ngamasentimitha ayi-15. Umzimba umile ngo-torpedo, onsundu okhanyayo. Amabala amancane, amnyama asakazeke phezu kwalo, isisu silula, i-caudal fifurcated, imhlophe. Kunemivimbo emihlanu emnyama eqondile. Emakhoneni omlomo kukhona izimbambo ezimbili zezimpondo ezinde. Amehlo makhulu. Abesilisa banciphile kunezinsikazi. Amadoda amadala ahlukaniswa ngemisebe yokuqala ebomvu ngokunsundu ka-pectoral fin.
Izimo zokuboshwa
Kuqukethwe ngamaqembu ezindaweni ezinamanzi amaningi. Ingagcinwa e-aquarium ejwayelekile enezindawo zokukhosela namathanga adala izindawo zobusuku. Izimo: izinga lokushisa lamanzi + 20 ... + 28 ° C, ubulukhuni bamanzi 5-20 ° dH, pH 6.0-7.2.
Ama-dianem angama-striped-tailed izinhlanzi ezithanda ukuthula. Lapho befuna ukudla, bavusa inhlabathi ngentshiseko. Ukudla: bukhoma, esikhundleni salokho.
Ukuzala
Ubudala bokuzala 1-1.5 iminyaka. Ukunwebeka kuvusa ukwehla kwengcindezi yasemkhathini kanye nokwehla kwezinga lokushisa lamanzi ngo 2-5 ° C.
Emvelweni, kuyadingeka izindawo ezinokuthula zaphezulu kwamanzi, ezibanjiswe yimifino yasogwini. Abesilisa bakha izidleke zegwebu ngaphansi kwengxenye yezitshalo ezibanzi. Ekuthunjweni, izizathu ezihlakazekile zingashintshwa ngamapuleti epulasitiki aphendulwe phansi, alengiswa ngaphansi kobuso. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda afinyelela ku-500 esidlekeni. Isidleke sigadwa ngowesilisa. Kunezikhathi lapho owesilisa eqala ukudla i-caviar, ngakho-ke, amapuleti nge-caviar kufanele adluliselwe emikhunjini ehlukile, amanzi okufanele ahambisane nemingcele elandelayo: 24 ° C, pH 7.0, dGH 8-10 °, dKH ngaphansi kwe-2 °. Amanzi angafakwa kancane nge-methylene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isikhathi sokufuduka sithatha izinsuku ezi-5. Kwenzeka ukuthi eminye imibungu ingenakudabula emacandeni amaqanda, ingasizwa ngemivimbo emincane emagobolondo ekugcineni kwesinono se-goose. Amafry aqala ukubhukuda ngosuku, lapho i-yolk sac iqala. Ukuphakelwa kokuqala yi-artemia nama-rotifers. Izinsuku zokuqala, izingane ziluzwa kakhulu ubukhona bezinto zamaprotheni emanzini kanye nokwehla kwamazinga okushisa, futhi zithambekele ekuhlaseleni okuvame ukubangelwa isikhunta, okungaholela ekufeni kwezinhlanzi. Lokhu kungagwenywa ngokuhlunga kwamanzi ngokusebenzisa i-carbon eyenziwe yasebenza futhi ngokushintsha njalo cishe ingxenye yesilinganiso samanzi amadala. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuthambekela kwefry kumiphumela emibi kuncishiswa kube okungenani.
I-DIANEMA ye-UROSTRIATE noma i-DIANEMA STRIPPED TAN (Dianema urostriata)
Izinhlanzi zinomzimba omude wombala onsundu okhanyayo. Imicu emnyama equkethe inani elikhulu lamabala ligijima kuwo wonke umzimba. Ikhanda likhonjiswe ngababili bezimpondo ezincane. Engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba, phakathi kwama-dorsal and fins fins, kukhona izingcwecwe ezibunjiwe ze-bony, ezisebenza njengohlobo lwethuluzi lokuzivikela ekuhlaselweni yinhlanzi eyidlayo. Emsileni kukhona okushintshana ngemigqa emide yobude obumnyama nomhlophe. Wonke amanye amaphiko asobala ngombala onsundu. Abesilisa, ngokungafani nabesifazane, banombala okhanyayo nomzimba omncane. Imisebe yabo yokuqala ingama-pectoral angumbala obomvu. Abesifazane banesisu esiyindilinga kakhudlwana. Ezimweni ze-aquarium, usayizi wezinhlanzi ufinyelela ku-15 cm.
I-Dianema stripe-tailed enokuthula, inhlanzi yokufunda. Isikhathi esiningi izinhlanzi zichitha engxenyeni engezansi naphakathi kwamanzi e-aquarium. Ama-Dianemas aphefumula umoya osemkhathini, ngakho-ke, ngezikhathi ezithile abambelela ebusweni bamanzi aphefumulayo. Ngesikhathi sokudla, lezi zinhlanzi zigqugquzela kakhulu amanzi, futhi uma kwesaba zimba ngokuphelele emhlabathini. Lokhu kufanele kubhekwe lapho ukutshala izitshalo ku-aquarium nokuqinisa izimpande zazo ngamatshe amakhulu noma ukutshala ezimbizeni ezincane, ngaphandle kwalokho zonke izitshalo zizokhishwa emhlabathini kanye nezimpande. Izinhlanzi zingagcinwa nezinye izinhlanzi ezithanda ukuthula, ezifanayo ngosayizi.
Okwenzelwe umhlambi wedayimane lomisipha strip-tailed ngenani lama-5-6 pcs udinga i-aquarium enobude obungu-80 cm nomthamo we-100 l. Amaphethelo e-aquarium kufanele atshalwe ngokungenamkhawulo nezitshalo futhi abe nenani elikhulu lezinto zokukhosela ngesimo sezikebhe nama-grottoes. Njengomhlabathi, ungasebenzisa isihlabathi somfula noma amatshe amatshe amahle.
Amapharamitha wamanzi kufanele anelise lezi zimo ezilandelayo: izinga lokushisa 20-28 ° C, ubulukhuni dH 2-20 °, acidity pH 6.0-7.2. Ukuhlanjululwa kwamanzi okwandisiwe kuyadingeka, kanye noshintsho lwayo lwamasonto onke lwe-1/3.
Ukudla kwezinhlanzi ezinhlobonhlobo zokudla okuphilayo nokuhlanganisiwe. Ngenxa yokuthi umsebenzi oyinhloko wezinhlanzi usekuseni nasebusuku, kuyadingeka ukuthi ubondle kusihlwa.
I-urostriate dianema iba ngokhula ngokocansi eneminyaka eyi-1-1,5 ubudala.
Ukuze uqhume, khetha i-aquarium enomthamo okungenani wamalitha angama-50. Emhlabathini onwebekayo, kubalulekile ukubeka isihlahla sesitshalo esinamaqabunga amabanga amade afinyelela ebusweni bamanzi futhi asakaze kuwo. Esikhundleni salokho, ungabeka isitshalo esintantayo phezu kwamanzi, ngokwesibonelo, i-nymphaeum.
Isisusa sokuqalisa ukunqampuna ukwehla komfutho womoya, kanye nokwehla kwezinga lokushisa kwamanzi ngo-2-3 ° C. Ngaphambi kokuba ihlume, owesilisa wakha isidleke esinamagovu phakathi kwamaqabunga ezitshalo ebusweni bamanzi, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho insikazi yowesifazane ifafaza amaqanda anamathela angama-500 lapho, anamathela engaphansi kweshidi. Masinyane ngemuva kokuhluma, insikazi iyatshalwa, bese owesilisa eshiywe ukuba anakekele inzalo yesikhathi esizayo. Uma kuqashelwa ukuthi owesilisa uqala ukudla i-caviar kancane, nakho-ke kumele kusekwe nakho.
ICaviar ifukelwe izinsuku ezingama-4-5, futhi ngisho nangemva kosuku uFry liqala ukubhukuda ifuna ukudla. Ngalesi sikhathi, baqala ukubondla nge-rotifers ne-brine shrimp.
Kufanele wazi ukuthi ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuba khona kwayo, ama-fry azwela kakhulu ekushintshashintsheni okubukhali ekushiseni nasekuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamakhompiyutha ahlukahlukene emanzini, okufaka isandla ekuveleni kwezifo zokukhunta. Ukuvimbela, kungcono ukwengeza i-methylene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka engxenyeni ye-5 mg ilitha elilodwa lamanzi ku-aquarium ene-Fry.
Isikhathi sokuphila se-dianema somugqa we-stripe-tailed ezimweni zasemanzini siyiminyaka eyi-10.
I-Striped-Tailed Dianema (Urostriata) - Umhlali wase-Aquarium
I-Dystema urostriata - inhlanzi evela emndenini we-catfish ophethwe izitha, i-oda "ikati lezinhlanzi."
Bahlala emanzini ase-Amazon. Futhi, lezi zinhlanzi zingatholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho yeNingizimu Melika.
Ama-Urostriatus dianems akhula ngesilinganiso afinyelela ku-15 cm. Umzimba upendiwe ngombala onsundu okhanyayo onamabala amancane amnyama.
Yonke iminjunju, ngaphandle kwe-caudal, ayinombala. Kuphela inayo i-huky milky ekhanyayo, futhi enemivimbo emihlanu evundlile yombala omnyama.
I-Dianema enezintambo ezimthende (Dianema urostriatum).
Abamele lezi zinhlanzi babe ne-antennae kanye namehlo asayizi omkhulu kunalokho.
Ungahlukanisa owesilisa osekhulile kowesifazane ngowesifazane okokuqala ngqa onsundu.
Ukuzala
AmaDianems anemisilo emide afinyelela ebusheni ngeminyaka engu-1.5, ngesinye isikhathi ngonyaka owodwa.
Ama-Urostriates aqala ukuvuthwa ngokobulili ngonyaka.
Yakha izidleke zingabesilisa. Ngokwemvelo, bakhetha izitshalo ezisogwini ezinobubanzi obunamanzi ngalezi zinhloso, futhi bakhe isidleke sogwebu engaphansi kwabo. E-aquarium, le ndima idlalwa ngempumelelo yipuleti yepulasitiki engaphenduki.
I-femal Dianem urostriates, ngokwesilinganiso, ibekela amaqanda afinyelela kuma-500. Ngemuva kokunwebeka, udinga ukudlulisa amaqanda kwenye i-aquarium, njengoba badinga izimo ezihlukene zokuboshwa kunabantu abadala. Esinye isizathu esibalulekile sokuhlukaniswa kwamaqanda kwesinye isitsha ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi owesilisa angaqala ukusidla.
I-Strip-tailed Dianems - izinhlanzi zasemanzini.
E-aquarium enezingane, kudingeka ulondoloze izinga lokushisa elihlala njalo lika-24 ° C. Izinkomba ezilandelayo nazo zibalulekile: pH 7.0, dKH ngaphansi kuka-2 ° no-dGH 8-10 °. Amanzi kufanele atholwe kancane nge-methylene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ezinsukwini ezinhlanu kamuva, i-hatch hatch evela emaqanda. Uma uqaphela ukuthi othile akakwazi ukungena egobolondweni, ungasiza ngokulishaya kancane nge-goose noma nganoma iyiphi enye impaphe. Ekuqaleni, gazinga kufanele inikezwe i-artemia nama-rotifers.
Ama-Dianems akhetha ukudla okukhethekile. ehlanganisa ama-crustaceans amancane.
Isidalwa esingahlali simile sentsha sizwela kakhulu ezinguquko ezahlukahlukene zemvelo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi akukho ukweqiwa kwezinto eziqukethe amaprotheni emanzini futhi kugcinwa amazinga okushisa njalo. Kungcono ukufaka u-½ wamanzi we-aquarium ngamanzi ahlanzekile njalo ngangokunokwenzeka. Futhi kuzosiza ukuyihlunga nge-carbon eyenziwe wasebenza. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izingane zizoyeka ukukhuthalele ushintsho kumvelo yazo.
Ukuze uhlale ngokunethezeka ne-Dianemus urostriates e-aquarium, badinga izindawo ezinamakhaza. Ukuze uzidale, ungasebenzisa zonke izinhlobo zokukhosela nezitshalo.
Ama-Dianems anemisila emincane ayithanda ukuthula ngokuthula.
Izinga lokushisa lamanzi kufanele ligcinwe ku-20-28 ° C, pH 6-7.2, kanye nobulukhuni (dH) kufanele libe esifundeni esingu-5-20 °.
Imvamisa abameleli be-Dianem urostriates bagcinwa ngamaqembu. Bahlangana kahle nezinye izinhlanzi, ngenxa yesimo sabo esizolile. Into esemqoka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-aquarium ibanzi ngokwanele wonke umuntu.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
I-Striped-Taised Dianema (i-Dianema urostriatum)
Isihloko. Dianema Dianema
I-Dianema longibarbis (emide, noma i-Bronze Dianema)
I-Dianema urostriatum (I-Taian Dianema)
Umndeni. I-Callichtov, noma i-catfish ye-armored (callichthyidae).
pH: 6,8 — 7,2 / 6.0 — 7,2
dH: 5 — 18° / 17 — 20°
Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 23 - 27 ° C / 20 - 28 ° C
Umthamo we-Aquarium: ngaphezulu kwe-100 ngomhlambi wezingcezu ezi-5-6
Habitat ikati lezinhlanzi amachibi amanzi ensimbi ePeru naseBrazil. Bakhetha umngcele wamanzi ahamba kancane amanzi, kanye namachibi namachibi anamabhodlela abunjiwe, lapho umthunzi wezitshalo zasogwini wawungawela khona. Uhlobo "Dianema" luhlanganisa konke izinhlobo ezimbili: I-Dianema longibarbis (i-dianema ende enamagxolo noma yethusi) ne-Dianema urostriatum (umucu we-dianema yomugqa). Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ama-long-barked evamile endaweni yeMato Grosso r. I-Amazonia, lapho-ke umdweshu onemigqa e-taanime uvame kakhulu emanzini asezandleni zawo zangakwesobunxele, iRio Negro.
Emvelweni wemvelo, ukwenziwa kwe-spaw kwenziwa ngamahlamvu athambile ezitshalo. Lapho kuzalaniswa e-aquarium, amapuleti epulasitiki ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa lezi zinhloso, ngaphambili ezazinqunyelwe ebusweni noma ishidi le-nymphaea. Amadoda akha izidleke ezinwebu futhi aqaphe ngokucophelela amaqanda, angavumeli ezinye izinhlanzi ukuba zingene. Isisusa sokuqalisa ukunwebeka sizoba ukwehla kwezinga lamanzi e-aquarium kanye nokungezelelwa kwenani elikhulu lamanzi amasha, kanye nokwehla komfutho womkhathi.
I-dianema ende egobekile (yethusi) - i-Dianema longibarbis (Cope, 1872) - Inomzimba obushelelezi oyindilinga ofinyelela ku-9 cm ngosayizi (oboniswe ngenhla). Ngokuya ngezimo zokuboshwa, umbala uyahlukahluka kusuka kokukhanya okukhanyayo kuya kwe-bronze shades. Inamaphiko amakhulu aphuzi futhi athuthuke kahle aphuzi. Kukhona i-fat fat. Isidumbu simbozwe amabala amaningi amnyama, ahlangana phakathi nomzimba, akha umucu omnyama oqhubeka njalo. Amehlo amakhulu futhi ahambayo asawolintshi ngombala. Umlomo ophansi uqondiswe ngokuqinile phambili futhi uphela ngamabili amabili ezimpondo kuze kube ngu-3.5 cm ubude, ngesimbambo esisodwa sikhomba phansi, owesibili uqondile. Isikali sikhulu, emzimbeni sakhiwa ngemigqa emibili, afana kahle namathayili. Ephakathi komzimba ziyahlangana, okubonakala ngokubonakalayo. Isisu sikhanya, lapho inhlanzi ijabule iba umbala onsundu ngombala. Abesilisa abanciphile kunabesifazane, banemisebe ephakeme kakhulu yama-pectoral fins. Kwabesilisa abadala, umugqa wesisu ucishe uqonde.
I-Bronze Dianema, i-dianema longibarbis
Ukuze ugcine i-catfish, udinga i-aquarium okungenani engama-80 cm, udinga ukuyigcina emhlambini. Okuqukethwe ku-aquarium ejwayelekile nezinhlobo ezilinganayo zezinhlanzi ezifanayo ezithanda ukuthula kuvunyelwe. Isici esibonakalayo yikhono lokufriza ngokunganyakazi kwikholamu yamanzi, futhi ngemuva kwesikhashana imidwebo iqhubeka ngokubhukuda ngokuthula. Kudingeka indawo yokuhlala kanye namagumbi anombala. Amanzi athambile, athambile, aphakathi nendawo.
Umndeni we-shell-catfish uphefumula umoya wasemkhathini kanye namabhayidi angafani, zivame ukuntantazela ebusweni be-aquarium ukuthatha umoya we-oxygen. Ukuhlanzeka nokuhlunga kwamanzi okusebenzayo kuzodingeka. Ukuguqulwa kwamasonto onke kwe-of ye-aquarium kuyadingeka. Inhlabathi izodinga amatshe athambile (isihlabathi noma amatshe abolile), ngoba ngenkathi inakekela i-aquarium, izinhlanzi ziyasaba futhi zizama ukumba kuzo. Futhi, izinhlanzi zisebenzela inhlabathi ngentshiseko ngesikhathi sokudla. Ukondla okuphakelayo okubukhoma nokuhlanganisiwe. Ngokuncono ebumnyameni.
I-Dianema urostriata (Ribeiro, 1912) banomzimba omise okomjiko obude obuyi-10 cm cm, ophela ngohlamvu olukhulu lwe-fin (esithombeni esingezansi). Eceleni kwe-lobe kukhona umucu omnyama ophuma esiqu somsila. Kuzo zombili izinsimbi zomsila, kudlula imivimbo emibili emhlophe namnyama. Zitholakala ngokuvundlile. Amaphiko asele apendwe ithoni yomzimba - umbala wesihlabathi onsundu.I-urostriate dianema ine-antennae engu-4 engahambeki ebekwe phezu kweLindebe elingaphezulu nasemakhondeni omlomo. Ubude bezimpondo bungu-1/3 kasayizi womzimba. Amehlo makhulu, mobile. Isisu sowesifazane sigcwele ukwedlula leso sabesilisa. Isimo senhlanzi sinokuthula, mhlambi. Uthola kanye kahle aquarium jikelele nabameleli characids futhi carp. Zihlala zihamba njalo, zizizwa ngezimpondo zazo amakhona ahlukane kakhulu we-aquarium futhi egcwele umhlabathi. Fecundity polosatohvostoy dianema kunakunoma ithusi. Izimo ezise-aquarium ziyefana nakwi-dianema yethusi.
Polosatohvostaya dianema, dianema urostriatum
Dianema urostriata
Dianema
Umbuso: | Izilwane |
Uhlobo: | Chordate |
I-Subtype: | Ama-vertebrates |
Ukwahlula: | Izinhlanzi |
Ibanga: | bony inhlanzi |
Isisekelo: | Inhlanzi yaseRayfin |
Isigcawu: | I-Catfish |
Umndeni: | callichthyidae |
Ubulili: | Dianema |
Buka: | I-Dianema ye-Urostriatus |
isikhathi |