Abamele uhlobo lwe-Bufo (umndeni Bufonidae) basatshalaliswa kabanzi cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica. Phakathi kwazo kuncane okulingana namasentimitha ambalwa nesisindo esingu-2-3 amagremu kanye nama-giants real anesisindo esingu-2 kilos noma ngaphezulu. Ngaphandle kokuhluka kwangaphandle kanye nezimo ezihlukile zokuphila ngokwemvelo, ubuhlalu obuningi ngenxa yezinombolo zabo kulula kakhulu ukubuthwa.

Uhlobo lwe-Bufo luhlanganisa izinhlobo zezihlahla, kepha phakathi kwama-terrarium, yizilwane ezihlala emhlabeni kuphela ezivamile. Ama-terarium amakhulu impela afiseleka ukugcina lezi zilwane, noma i-toad enkulu, efana ne-aha, inganeliseka ngesilinganiso esingu-40-litre. Igumbi elinethezekile kakhulu yi-aquarium ejwayelekile engamalitha angama-200, evalwe ngenhla ngesivalo se-mesh somoya. Ingakwazi ukuhlalisa kahle izilwane eziphakathi nendawo ezingama-8-10 noma abantu abathathu abakhulu.

Amathuluzi ahlala angcwatshwa emhlabathini ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha ukwakheka kwawo ngendlela efanele. Kuthembeke kakhulu ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela yenhlabathi eshidi, i-peat, i-sphagnum echobozekile nomlimi (enwetshiwe ngobumba, namalahle, njll.) Ngesilinganiso 3: 1: 1: 1. Inhlabathi enjalo ayilimazi isikhumba sezilwane futhi ayimuncu isikhathi eside. Izitshalo ezithile zokuhlobisa zingatshalwa kuwo. Lapho uhlela i-terrarium, kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ngezindawo zokukhosela eziningana, uma kungenjalo itoad enkulu izokimba yonke into engathi mibi kune-bulldozer.

ETheraruim ehlelwe kahle ngokudla okuningana, ubuhlalu buziphatha kahle ngokuhle. Kulokhu, ungenza indawo enhle yezitshalo ezahlukahlukene, i-driftwood, amagxolo esihlahla, amahlathi moss. Ezitshalweni kungcono ukukhetha lezo ezineziqu ezinamahlamvu anele namaqabunga, isibonelo, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-philodendrons, izilo kanye nama-ficuses.

Amathuluzi ayancipha ezimeni zokuboshwa: izinga lokushisa lingasukela ku-12 liye ku-28 o C, umswakama - ukusuka kumaphesenti angama-40 kuya kwangama-95. Ukukhanyisa futhi akubambi iqhaza elikhulu: yize ubuhlalu buhola indlela yesikhathi sokusa, bajwayela ngokushesha ukukhanya. Vele, inhlabathi kufanele ihlale umswakama ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Ukondla ama-amphibians asebekhulile kuyindaba elula kakhulu, adla cishe noma yikuphi ukudla bukhoma okukhona osayizi ofanele - kusuka kumagazi egazi kuya kumagundane amancane. Ama-toads amasha afunwa kakhulu ekudleni. Kufanele zondliwe ngokuhlukahluka ngangokunokwenzeka, ngokungezelelwa okuphoqayo kwamavithamini namalungiselelo wamaminerali (amavithamini B 1, B 6, B 12, calcium glycerophosphate, phytin), ngaphandle kwalokho amathuba okuqhakambisa ama-ricches awabandakanywa. Ungaziniki izinambuzane ezinama-hardgpent ezinzima ezingalimaza amathumbu ama-amphibians.

Kumabaleki wabalandeli bethu kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinqe zohlobo lwe-Bufo, ezihlala eRussia kanye namazwe angomakhelwane, endaweni ye-USSR yangaphambili.

I-Green toad (B. viridis) iyisilwane esingubukhulu obuphakathi (kufika ku-12 cm), esakazeke engxenyeni yaseYurophu yezwe. Kwamathoyizi asekhaya - "abekezelela kakhulu isomiso", ahlala ezigodini nasezigwadule, ngasogwini lomfula kanye nezinye izidumbu zamanzi.

I-grey toad (B. bufo) iyisilwane esikhulu esibalelwa ku-20 cm.Ivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezisebenzisa amateur. Ifana kakhulu ne-Far Eastern toad (B. gargarizans). Kunezimo lapho ubuhlalu bezimpunga buhlala ekudingisweni kuze kube ngu-20 ngisho kuze kube iminyaka engama-28.

I-Toad toad (B.astrita) incane (kufika ku-8 cm). Kuyathakazelisa indlela yayo yokuhamba: noma ngokwesaba, kuyaqabukela kungagxumi, uncamela ukugijima ngejubane eliphakeme, ijika ngokushesha ama-paws ayo. Le nhlobo eyivelakancane idinga ukuvikelwa futhi ifakwe ku-Red Book emazweni amaningi.

I-Toad yaseMongolia (B. raddey) incane kakhulu kunomhlanga. Ngaphandle, kuyahlukahluka kwezinye izinhlobo zesikhumba esenziwe bushelelezi, "frog" nesigaxa esibukhali. E-terrarium, ifuneka kakhulu ezimweni zokuboshwa kunezinye ubuthi: ayikubekezeleli ukushisa okuphezulu (ngaphezu kwama-25 o C), inhlabathi eseqile, i-roughage.

UDanatina toad (B. danatensis) ngaphandle, futhi ngokwemigomo yendlela yokuphila ifana kakhulu ne-toad eluhlaza.

Izinhlobo zezitshalo ezishisayo zivame kakhulu ezindaweni ezisebenzisa amateur.

IMalawi enakekelwa ngeMnyama toad (B. melanostictus) iyisilwane esiphakathi, esingamasentimitha ayi-10. Ngokubukeka nasekuziphatheni kwayo ifana nethoni elimpunga, kepha ngokungafani nayo, inombala ohlukile futhi ayinayo i-diapusing yasebusika.

I-Toad aga (B. marinus) isilwane esikhulu kakhulu, abanye abantu bafinyelela ubude obungu-23-24 cm nesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu amabili.

Kukholelwa ukuthi i-toad i-aha - isithutha esibi kunazo zonke, yize lokhu kungaphikiswa. Kwasungulwa ukuthi lokhu kuyizinhlobo zase-Australia, kepha empeleni indawo okwazalelwa kuyo i-aga yiMelika. Yalethwa e-Australia ukuze ilawule izinambuzane eziyingozi. E-terrarium kulula ukugcina i-aga. Kwesinye isikhathi uhlala khona kanye egumbini lapho kuvunyelwe khona ukuthi agxume phansi. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukubeka endaweni ecashile, ngokwesibonelo, ngaphansi kombhede ugqoko olunamanzi noma i-sphagnum emanzi.

I-Panther toad (B. frequis) ingenye yezinhlobo ezimbalwa zase-Afrika ezitholakala emadolobheni. Ngeshwa, okuqukethwe kuvame ukuthintwa izifo ezahlukahlukene.

Ukuzalanisa zonke lezi zithutha kunzima kakhulu. Ezweni lethu, kuphela zimbalwa izehlakalo zokuthola inzalo ezaziwayo, futhi besebenzisa nezindlela zokukhuthaza zokwenziwa (ukufafaza, ukuvuvukala isikhathi eside ngokwanele, imijovo ye-hormonal). Uma okuqukethwe ubuhlalu, ungangena ngedamu losayizi omncane futhi ngaphandle kwawo, lapho-ke lapho kuvuleka, indawo yedamu nevolumu yayo kufanele ibe phezulu.

Lapho ugcina ubuhlalu, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi bangabezilwane ezinobuthi nje, kanye nokukhubazeka kwesikhumba sabo, ukungena kulwelwesi lwama-mucous (amehlo, umlomo) kungadala ukucasuka okukhulu, futhi ngobuningi obuningi ngisho nobuthi bokulimala okuhlukahlukene. Ekuphetheni, ngifuna ukukukhumbuza ukuthi ama-toads wanoma yiluphi uhlobo ayizilwane eziwusizo kakhulu ezichitha inani elikhulu lezinambuzane eziyingozi.

I-Aga-toad (Bufo marinus)

I-Aga-toad (Bufo marinus), onke amathoyizi angempela angawomndeni Bufonudae, yayihlala kuleyo nsimu kusuka ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeNyakatho Melika kuye ePatagonia, kodwa ngenxa yamakhono ayo angajwayelekile ekulweni nezinambuzane eziyingozi, yathunyelwa kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Kucishe kube ngama-20 cm ubude, ansundu, kuvame ukuba namachashazi amnyama noma akhanyayo. I-toad inkulu, futhi kuyadingeka i-terrarium enkulu kuyo, hhayi ephezulu, ngoba ayakhelwanga ukugxuma nokukhwela. Ngaphansi kufanele kumbozwe ngengxube yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-peat futhi kuhlale kumanzi. Engxube enjalo ethambile, ubuhlalu buthanda kakhulu ukumba. I-terrarium kufanele ibe nepuli encane, amagatsha agundiwe, amatshe noma izingcezu ezinkulu zezihlahla ezizosebenza njengephephelo lethadi. Ngokuqondene nezitshalo, lokhu kuyinkinga enkulu, njengoba ubuhlalu beyizilwane eziqinile ezinamandla okumbiwa ngokuqinile. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola i-terrarium, udinga ukusebenzisa izitshalo eziqinile kuphela ezinobumba kalula. Ama-aga-toads athanda i-penumbra kanye nokushisa komoya, amanzi nenhlabathi ku-25 ° C, ongagcinwa ngosizo lwe-point radiation. Ukuze i-terrarium ingabonakali idangele ngokweqile, kunconywa ukufaka isibani se-fluorescent, okufanele sicishwe ebusuku. Ntambama, ubuhlalu bufihla ezindaweni zabo zokuhlala, njengoba kusebenza kuphela kusihlwa. Kusihlwa, bayaphila futhi baqale ukufuna ukudla. Izinambuzane ezinkulu, izibungu, kanye namagundane asanda kubanjwa kuzowenzela. Uma i-toad esethafeni izizwa izolile futhi ikhululekile, khona-ke ingadla ezandleni zomqaphi wayo. Ngemuva kokukhulumisana newadi yakho, udinga ukugeza izandla zakho ukuze uhlanze ubuthi, obukhishwa ikakhulu ezindlebeni zezindlebe.

Photo: Toad - Bufo blombergi

Izidingo zeTerrarium

I-terata engu-55 litre ilungele ukugcina ubuhlalu baseMelika. Ku-terrarium enjalo kuqukethe abantu abadala abambalwa. Kufanele kube nesembozo esiqinile, njengoba ubuhlalu bugxuma kahle.

Lezi toads zihola indlela yokuphila yobusuku, futhi zilale phakathi nosuku, zicashe endaweni engaphansi komhlaba noma ezindaweni zokukhosela. Kungakho i-substrate kufanele ibe yinye lapho i-toad ingasheba kalula. I-coconut fiber ilungile. Awukwazi ukusebenzisa i-substrate ene-vermiculite kanye nokuchichima. Ungasebenzisa udoti wamaqabunga noma i-sphagnum. Uma ubuhlalu bugcinwa okwesikhashana, ungasebenzisa inketho elula - amathawula amaphepha emvula. Isihlabathi kanye no-gravel ngeke kusetshenziswe ngoba i-toad iyakwazi ukugwinya.

Izidingo zokugcinwa kwalezi zihlambi ziphakeme.

Ama-Shelter enziwa ngezingcezu zamagxolo, ungasebenzisa emihumeni yezilwane ezifuywayo, izimbiza zezimbali, i-driftwood nokunye.

Ukushisa kanye nomswakama kugcinwa kudoti

Ntambama, ubuhlalu benziwa kudoti wamaqabunga, lapho kuhlala khona izinga lokushisa eliphansi. E-terrarium, kuyadingeka ukugcina amazinga okushisa ayi-16 kuye kwangama-21 degrees. Ebusuku, izinga lokushisa lehliswa ngamazinga athile.

Ama-Toads aseMelika avela engxenyeni eseningizimu yebanga agcinwa emazingeni okushisa aphakeme ngamazinga athile.

Ama-Amphibians ahlala endaweni evamile yomswakama. Uma kunesitsha samanzi ku-terrarium lapho i-toad ingacwiliswa khona, ibekezelela ngokuphelele umehluko womswakama. Izikhathi eziningana amanzi ingxenye ye-substrate noma fafaza i-terrarium.

Ngemuva kokubuya kwi-terrarium uye enkululekweni, isethaphu sisakaza inani elikhulu lamagciwane we-pathogenic anomthelela olimazayo kwizilwane ezizungezile.

Ama-toads aseMelika adinga ukufinyelela kalula emanzini. Ichibi akufanele lidlule ukuphakama kwelenad. Amanzi echibini ayashintsha nsuku zonke. Imvamisa, ubuhlalu bungena emanzini ebusuku. Lapho usebenzisa amanzi ompompi, kusetshenziswa izikhungo zokufaka umoya ukuqeda i-chlorine, noma kusetshenziswa amanzi ebhodlela.

Ukondla Amathuluzi WaseMelika

Lezi zimbambo azifuni ekudleni. Zidla cishe wonke ama-invertebrates abekwe emlonyeni: amakhethini, izibungu zikafulawa, izibungu ze-wax moth, izibungu zomhlaba kanye nezibungu ze -obobas.

Ukudla okuningi kufanele kube ngamakhilikithi, konke okunye ukudla kunganikwa isikhathi esingaphezu kanye ngesonto.

Njengamanye ubuhlalu, le nhlobo idla izinambuzane namanye ama-invertebrates.

Ama-toads abantu abadala anikezwa izinambuzane eziyisithupha zokudla njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3. Ama-toads amancane angu-2,5 cm ngosayizi adliwa nsuku zonke ngeDrosophila namakhilikithi amancane.

Ukudla kufanele kube nezithasiselo zamavithamini namaminerali, ezingezwa ekudleni konke okuphakelayo okungama-2-4. Amavithamini anikezwa izilwane ezincane njalo.

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