Isilwane esincane kunazo zonke zohlobo lwe-llama sithathwa njenge-vicuna. Izilwane ezincelisayo zingabomndeni waseCamelidae futhi zivame ukutholakala ezwenikazi laseNingizimu Melika. AmaVicunas ayizintambo futhi ngaphandle anezinto eziningi ezifanayo nge-alpaca, i-guanaco ngisho nekamela. Kusukela kokugcina, izilwane ezincelisayo zihlukaniswa ngokungabikho kwe-hump enobukhulu nosayizi. Izimo zokuphila zabantu bomndeni wamaCamylids zimbi impela - zitholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamakhilomitha afinyelela ku-5.5. Isilwane sihlukaniswa ngesibalo saso esincane, umusa kanye nomlingiswa.

p, blockquote 1,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 2.0,0,0,0 ->

Incazelo kanye nomlingisi we-vicuna

Izilwane zikhula zize zibe ngu-1.5 m ubude, isisindo sazo esingama-50 kg. Ama-Vicunas anezinwele zokuhlanza izinwele ezithambile uma kuthintwa futhi zigobekile. Nguwo umugqa wezinwele osindisa izilwane esimweni sezulu, kufaka phakathi umoya nemvula, amakhaza nezinye sezulu ezimbi.

p, blockquote 3,0,0,0,0,0 ->

Ama-Vicunas anekhanda elifushane, izindlebe ezinde, nentamo yokuqina, okuwavumela ukubona izitha kude. Esiswini, njengomthetho, umbala wejazi ucishe umhlophe, kanti emuva kungumbala onsundu. Amazinyo abukhali abunjiwe njengezici zokukhanya yisici esikhulu esiyingqayizivele se-vicunias kusuka kwamanye ama-unulates. Ngosizo lwabo, isilwane sigawula kalula utshani futhi sikujabulele ukudla.

p, blockquote 4,0,1,0,0 ->

Izilwane ezifuywayo zithanda ukuhlala emaqenjini abantu abangu-5-15. Iphakethe ngalinye linomholi wesilisa obhekele ukuphepha "komndeni" futhi awuqaphe kahle. "Imisebenzi" Yakhe ifaka phakathi ukuxwayisa okufika ngesikhathi emhlambini ngengozi esondelayo ngokunikeza isibonakaliso esithile. Umholi wesilisa angaxoshwa ephaketheni, amenzele impilo enesizungu.

p, blockquote 5,0,0,0,0 ->

Izilwane ze-Artiodactyl ziphumula ebusuku futhi zihola indlela yokuphila esebenzayo phakathi nosuku. Ngokuvamile, ama-vicuna azolile futhi anokuthula, kepha kwesinye isikhathi indlela yawo yokuziphatha ayizuzisi kakhulu.

p, blockquote 6.0,0,0,0,0 ->

Ukudla Okunomsoco Nokuzala

Njengoba ama-vicunas ehlala ezimweni ezinzima, konke angakuthola kukhona ukudla kwawo. Ama-Artiodactyls adla otshanini, amaqabunga, amagatsha, amahlumela bese ehlafuna ngokucophelela uhlaza. Izilwane azithandi ukudla izimpande, kepha zithande ama-thickets wezinhlamvu zasendle.

p, blockquote 7,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 8.1,0,0,0 ->

Izilwane ezincelisayo ezikhululekile azincane futhi azivamile endle. Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, ama-vicunas abezama ukwenza izindlu ngokugcwele. Ngenxa yengozi yokunyamalala ebusweni bomhlaba wethu, izilwane zabhalwa ku-Red Book.

p, blockquote 9,0,0,0,0 ->

Isikhathi sokulinganisa siqala entwasahlobo. Ukukhulelwa kuhlala izinyanga eziyi-11, kuthi emva kwalokho kuzalwe amankonyane. Izingane zisondelene nonina izinyanga ezingaba ngu-12 futhi zidla eduze kwakhe. Ngemuva kwenkathi yokuvuthwa, izilwane ezincelisayo zihlala emhlanjini iminyaka emibili, bese ziya empilweni yabantu abadala neyikhululekile.

p, blockquote 10,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 11,0,0,0,0 ->

Izici ze-vicuna

IVicuna ihlukile ngohlobo lwayo futhi azikho izinhlobo zayo emhlabeni. Izilwane zinokufana ngama-guanacos (futhi zingahlangana nawo), ama-llamas kanye namakamela. Kepha umehluko usesakhiweni semihlathi namazinyo esilwane esinyinyinyinyithekayo.

p, blockquote 12,0,0,1,0 ->

Izintaba ze-Alpacas kukholakala ukuthi zavela kusuka ku-vicunias. Namuhla sekuyizinhlobo ezihlukile zomndeni wamaCamylid. Kuyamangaza ukuthi noma uchwepheshe onolwazi ngeke akwazi ukwahlukanisa owesilisa weVicuna kowesifazane, ngoba i-dimorphism yezocansi ayiyona into ehlukile kulolu hlobo lwesilwane. Bonke abantu babukeka ngokufanayo.

p, blockquote 13,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 14,0,0,0,0 ->

Amaqiniso Ahehayo

Eminyakeni eminingi edlule, abantu babebutha imihlambi emikhulu yezilwane ezidonsa ngezinwele ukuze basike izinwele zezilwane. Ngemuva kwalokho, izidalwa ezincelisayo zakhululwa, futhi izingubo ezihloselwe izicukuthwane zenziwa ngezinto zokwenziwa ezazitholile. Wonke umuntu owayezama ukonakalisa i-vicuna wayehlulwa. Namuhla, uboya bubhekwa njengenye yezinto ezingaziwa futhi ezibiza kakhulu. Ukuze zingaziqothuli izilwane ezincelisayo, iziphathimandla zathatha izinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwazo.

p, blockquote 15,0,0,0,0 -> p, blockquote 16,0,0,0,1 ->

Ngokusho kocwaningo, ama-vicunas abonwa e-Andes ngekhulu le-12. BC.

Ukubhebhetheka

IVicuna isilwane esitholakala engxenyeni esentshonalanga yeSouth America kuphela - ezindaweni eziphakemeyo ze-Andes. Sisatshalaliswe ezindaweni zasePeru, eChile, eBolivia, e-Ecuador nase-Argentina. Labameli bezilwane bahlala ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu - endaweni ephakeme ngamakhilomitha ayi-3,5 kuye ku-5.5 km. Isibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke sisePeru. I-vicuna yezilwane, isithombe sayo esisithumele kule ndatshana, ingophawu lwelizwe. Isithombe sakhe siyabonakala ejokeni lengalo lasePeru.

IVicuna idinga isimo sezulu esibandayo nesomile nezindawo ezinamachibi afinyelelekayo. Lezi zilwane zihlala emathafeni ambozwe imifino emifushane neqinile, nasemasimini anamagquma.

Izici zomzimba we-vicuna

IVicuna isilwane esinezici ezinhle zomzimba: izisekelo ezingezansi zembozwe nge koqweqwe lwawo ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela, futhi zikhula njalo, njengama-rod. Ziyalolwa lapho isilwane sinquma iziqu ezomile zezitshalo.

Inhliziyo ye-vicuna inkulu kakhulu kunezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ezisayizi ofanayo, sibonga ukuzivumelanisa nezimo eziphakeme kakhulu. Egazini kunamazinga akhuphukayo we-oxygen ne-hemoglobin. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-erythrocyte (amangqamuzana abomvu egazi) ezindaweni ezilandelwayo ayindawo yama-oval ngesimo, kunokuba abunjwe ngama-disc, okuyisimo sabantu abahlala emathafeni.

Ijazi nombala

Ijazi elithambile nelinobukhulu lifihla wonke umzimba wekamela elihlungiwe. Intamo nekhanda kudwetshwe emthunzini obomvana obomvana, noboya obumhlophe obuthuntu, kuze kufike ku-30 ​​cm ubude, okwakha i-bib, kuhlobisa isifuba. Ingxenye engezansi yomzimba, kanye nezingxenye zangaphakathi zemilenze zimhlophe qwa, kanti uhlangothi olungaphandle nolwangaphandle lwezinyawo lububende obunsundu.

Indlela yokuphila

UVicuna isilwane sezinkomo esihlala emaqenjini amancane abantu abadala abahlanu kuya kwabali-15. Leli qembu ligijinyelwa ngumholi wesilisa ogada umona ngomndeni wakhe. Uhlala nje uhamba, uzama ukunyusa intaba ephakeme. Lokhu kumvumela ukuthi abheke okuzungezile futhi, uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, athumele isibonakaliso ezihlotsheni zakhe. Amalungu omndeni akhombisa ukuzithoba kumholi, ebeka intamo yakhe emhlane wakhe.

Lezi zilwane ezilalelayo futhi ezinamahloni kakhulu egqumeni zifinyelela ijubane elingafika ku-47 km / h. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye ama-unulates, ama-vicuñas ahamba ngomusa omkhulu. Ngezikhathi zengozi, bakhipha umsindo omkhulu, baxwayisa umhlambi. Indawo okuhlalwa kuyo ngama-vicunas ihlukaniswe indawo yedlelo nendawo yokulala.

Abesilisa abadala abangaholi umhlambi bahlala bodwa noma bazenzele iqembu labo ngobuphathi obufanele. Ngaphezu kwemihlambi eqondisiwe, ezintabeni ungahlangana namaqembu ezinsizwa athola amandla nokuhlangenwe nakho bese ulinda umzuzu lapho bezokwazi ukudicilela phansi izintokazi kumholi osekhulile bese bezakhela umhlambi wazo.

AmaVicunas abanjwe ekudingisweni avame ukwenqaba ukuthatha amanzi nokudla, empeleni awaxhumani nomuntu. Lesi yisizathu esiyinhloko esenza ukuthi emunyakeni eminingi lesi silwane singazange senziwe sigcotshwe, yize nanamuhla kusenziwa imizamo enjalo.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, umuntu wayeyisitha esikhulu sababusi. Kepha lapho izilwane zibaliwe ku-Red Book, isimo sashintsha kakhulu: isikhathi sempilo salezi zilwane sanda kakhulu. Namuhla, ezimweni zemvelo, baphila iminyaka eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-20.

Isikhathi sokukhwelana sisentwasahlobo. Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-11. Owesifazane ngamunye eneminyaka yokuzala izingane uletha inzalo minyaka yonke. Kulula ukubala ukuthi isizini ngayinye entsha yokuzalela imzalela inyanga eyodwa ngemuva kokubeletha. Kuze kube unyaka owodwa, izimpungushe zidla eduze kukanina, zisemihlambi wezinkomo unyaka owodwa nohhafu kuya kwemibili, futhi kuphela emva kwalokho ziyaphuma ziye "kwesinkwa samahhala".

Intengo yoboya be-vicuna

Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemvelo zoboya, uboya be-vicuna buthathwa njengento ebaluleke kakhulu futhi ebiza kakhulu emhlabeni. Lokhu kungenxa yezimpawu zayo ezikhethekile, nokutholakala kwaso, kanye nenani elincane lezilwane. I-vicuna fur (isithombe ongasibona ngezansi) siqukethe imicu emincane kakhulu futhi ethambile efinyelela kubude obuyi-30 cm. Ukukhanya okujwayelekile (ububanzi bezinwele) boboya be-vicuna kungama-microns ayi-10-15, kuthi imicu yayo ephansi ifinyelele kuma-microns angama-6-8 kuphela. Ungaqhathanisa lesi sikhombisi ne-alpaca fineness - 22-27 microns, yak - 19-21 microns, cashmere 15-19 microns. U-Chinchilla fur naye ungaphansi kwakhe.

Cishe ingxenye yengqimba yoboya ivunwa ePeru, bese ilandelwa yiBolivia, iArgentina neChile. Amanani okukhiqiza mancane. Ngokomthetho, isilwane esidala siyavunyelwa ukuthi singakwazi ukusika isikhathi esingaphezu kwesisodwa njalo eminyakeni emibili, kuyilapho kungenzeka ukuthi singatholi amagremu angama-400-500 oboya kumuntu ngamunye.

Ikhilogremu yoboya obuhlelwe ngesandla ibiza kufinyelela ku- $ 1000. Imitha yendwangu yoboya be-vicuna enesisindo esingu-300 amagremu ibiza ama- $ 3000. Isibonelo, ijazi lendoda lizobiza okungenani ama- $ 20,000. Nasi isilwane esibaluleke kangaka - i-vicuna. Ijazi loboya obuya eboyeni bakhe lingaba yinto ebiza kakhulu, ngaphezu kwezindawo ezithengiswayo. Ngomkhiqizo onjalo okhethekile, uboya benziwa ngesandla. Njengoba kunqatshelwe ukubulala lezi zilwane, indawo engaphezulu yoboya iyabuzwa kuboya.

Uboya beVicuna bunomthunzi onqabile wesinamoni - ukusuka ebumnyameni kuya ekukhanyeni. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezihlukile, awukahlanganiswa ngopende.

Ukuqoqwa koboya

Ukuphela kwendlela evunyelwe yokuqoqa uboya be-vicuna namuhla inguqulo yakudala: umhlambi udonswa endaweni ebiyelwe lapho udokotela wezilwane ehlola izilwane futhi anikeze usizo uma kunesidingo. Izilwane ezinempilo ziyanqunywa.

EPeru, kwethulwe izimvume ezikhethekile zabo bonke abathengisa futhi bakhiqize imikhiqizo evela kuboya balezi zilwane. Izitifiketi ezinjalo ziqinisekisa ukuthi uboya butholakala kwizilwane ezibukhoma. Ngaphandle kwemvume enjalo, noma yikuphi ukuthengisa akukho emthethweni. Ukumakwa okukhethekile kwemikhiqizo evela kuma-vicunias kuvunyiwe (i-Vicua iyizwe lemvelaphi yomkhiqizo).

Izingubo ezenziwe ngoboya kanye noboya be-vicuna

Ngifanele ngithi izinkampani ezingathi sína kuphela ezenza izingubo ezivela kwi-vicuna. Ngokombono onekhono lochwepheshe babo, ukwenza isikhafu esisodwa, udinga uboya obudalulwe kusuka ezilwaneni ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, ezinhlanu kuya kuboya bezithukuthuku, kanye nama-vicunas angama-30 ejazi.

ILoro Piana yinkampani eyaziwa kakhulu esebenza noboya balezi zidalwa ezinomusa. Ukhiqiza izingubo zikanokusho.

IFalke yinkampani edume ngamasokisi, intengo yayo elingana nezindleko zemoto esetshenzisiwe - ama- $ 1,200. Zigcwele ebhokisini lamatshe lokhuni elisayinayo. Umkhiqizo onjalo ungaba yisipho somuntu onayo yonke into.

Izici zeVicuna nendawo yokuhlala

Vicuna (Amanye amagama - i-vigoni, i-vicuna, i-vigon) - okukhanyayo okuphuma emndenini wamakamela kusuka kuhlobo lwama-llamas. Ngaphandle lama vicuna okukhumbuza kakhudlwana kwe-guanaco noma i-alpaca, futhi kufana nekamela kuphela ukude, ngoba ayinayo i-humps, futhi yincane kakhulu ngosayizi.

Ngokungafani nekamela, itholakala kuphela eMelika eseNingizimu, engxenyeni yayo esentshonalanga - ezindaweni eziphakemeyo ze-Andes (endaweni yezifunda zanamuhla zaseChile, Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia naseArgentina). AmaVicunas ahlala endaweni ephakeme ngamakhilomitha angama-3.5 kuya kwangama-5.5, ezimeni ezinzima.

Isilwane sinomusa futhi simuncu. Ubude buba ngamamitha elilodwa nesigamu, ukuphakama kokubuna cishe imitha, kanti isisindo esijwayelekile singama-50 kg. Ijazi lincane kabi, kepha lithambile futhi likhulu, ukuze nje sisindise isilwane ekubandeni, emoyeni, emvuleni nakwesinye sezulu esibi. Ngakho-ke, ama-alpacas, ama-llamas, ama-guanacos, ama-vicunas afana kakhulu.

Isimo nendlela yokuphila ye-vicuna

UVicuna isilwane sezinkomo. Zigcinwa ngamaqembu acwebile wabantu abahlanu kuya kwabali-15, ngaphandle kokubheka izilwane ezincane ezibonakala njalo. Iqembu ngalinye lilawulwa ngumholi oyedwa wesilisa. Yonke imhlambi iyazi indawo yayo.

Owesilisa ulonda ngentshiseko “umndeni” wakhe, uhlala ekuhambeni futhi uzama ukunyusa intaba ukuze aqaphele indawo ezungezile futhi anikeze isibonakaliso ngesikhathi uma ebona okungenani ezinye zezimpawu zobungozi.

Ukuziphatha kwezilwane okunjalo kufakwa ngofuzo, yize uhlu lwezemvelo, izitha zemvelo ngaphandle kwabantu lungaziwa ngokuqanjwa kwesimanje. Ngaphezu kwemihlambi eqoqiwe futhi eqondisiwe, amaqembu ezinsizwa asencane ahamba ezintabeni, asathola ulwazi namandla, futhi afuna isikhathi esifanele sokuqeda amandla abesifazane kusuka “kumholi wesizwe” osekhulile futhi bakhe umhlambi wabo.

Ngemuva kwalokho, bazovikela nensimu yabo. Futhi abaholi bangaphambili abadingiswa baphila impilo enesizungu yamakhambi. Ama-Vicunas ahola indlela yokuphila esebenzayo kuphela ngesikhathi sasemini, futhi aphumule ebusuku. Emini, ama-vicuns ahamba kancane, bezama ukuhambisana, hamba ezintabeni uyofuna ukudla, kuthi ngemuva kokudla ubhake elangeni.

Naphezu kokufutheka kwe-phlegmatic kanye nokubonakala kwesimo esizolile (izilwane zisondela kumuntu nezindawo zokuhlala, okuningi kungatholakala enetheni isithombe vicuna), babonakala ngokuziphatha okungathandeki.

Lapho sebethunjiwe, bavame ukwenqaba ngokuphelele ukuphuza nokudla ukudla, futhi bathintane nomuntu. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi sekuyiminyaka eminingi lezi zilwane zingakwazi ukuhlakulela, yize kusenziwa imizamo.

Ukubukeka

Ubude be-vicuna buyi-150 cm, ukukhula emahlombe kungamamitha, kanti isisindo singama-50 kg. U-Wool - emuva unombala onsundu, ulula phansi - uphawuleka kakhulu kunelezinhlobo ezihlobene, futhi awugqinsi ngokwanele ukuba ungqimba oluvikelayo, oluvikela emakhazeni. Isici se-anatomical se-vicuna ngamazinyo aphansi we-incisor, okuthi, njengamagundane, ahlala ekhula njalo. Amanye ama-artiodactyls afanayo awatholakali.

Imigqa ehlobene

Phambilini bekucatshangwa ukuthi ama-vicunas awakaze aphathwe futhi ama-llamas nama-alpacas aqhamuka ku-guanaco. Namuhla, kutholwe imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-DNA ekhombisa ukuthi i-alpacas ingaqhamuka ku-vicunias. Njengoba ama-alpacas, ama-llamas, ama-guanacos nama-vicuñas angakwazi ukubonana futhi kuvame ukuxubana, kunzima ukuthola ngokuqinisekile umsuka wezilwane ezifuywayo zanamuhla.

IVicuna imvama ukumelwa ngaphansi kwegama lesayensi I-Vicugna vicugna, okungukuthi, njengohlobo oluhlukile, oluphikisana nama-lamas namakamela. Lokhu kusekelwe ezicini zemihlathi namazinyo e-vicunias. Kodwa-ke, iqiniso lokuthi i-vicunas ne-guanacos lingashada libonisa ubuhlobo obusondele kakhulu, yingakho ukusetshenziswa kohlobo oluhlukile I-Vicugna isihloko sempikiswano yesayensi.

UVicuna nendoda

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ama-Incas asendulo adonsela ama-vicunias emihlanjini eminingi futhi aphuca uboya bawo obalulekile, obusetshenziselwa kuphela izingubo zezikhulu eziphezulu, bese zikhululwa. AbaseSpain abaze baqhubeke nalesi siko.

“Esikhathini esedlule, ngaphambi kokuba amaSpain awuthathe lo mbuso, bekukhona izimvu eziningi zomdabu kanye namaGuanacos amaningi namaViqunias kuwo wonke lawo masimu kanye namasimu, kodwa ngokushesha abantu baseSpain baziqothula futhi babembalwa kakhulu kubo kangangokuba cishe akukho nhlobo. ”

Badubula ama-vicunias amaningi futhi bavame ukufaka ubuthi emithonjeni yabo yamanzi. Ekuqaleni, lokhu kwenziwa ukwenza amadlelo amakhulu emfuyo, kamuva ngenxa yoboya be-vicuna, obuthathwa njengoboya obungajwayelekile futhi obubiza kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngesikhathi sama-Inca, cishe ama-1.5 million ama-vicunias ayehlala e-Andes. Ngo-1965, inani labo lehle laya ku-6 000. Ngemuva kokufakwa kwezindlela zokuzivikela, abantu be-vicunya, noma kunjalo, bakhula ngokushesha futhi namhlanje babalelwa ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-200.

Umnotho

Igama lesiLatin - Vicugna vicugna

Igama lesiNgisi - Vicugna

I-Order - artiodactyls (Artiodactyla)

Isizinda - ama-Callopods (Tylopoda)

Umndeni - Amakhamela (Camelidae)

URodo - uVicunna (Vicugna)

IVicuna ihlukaniswe kuhlobo oluhlukile olususelwa ezicini ezihlelekile zemihlathi namazinyo.

Buka futhi ndoda

UVicuna wayethathwa njengesilwane esingcwele kuma-Andes kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. AbakwaHighlanders bakholelwa ukuthi yanikezwa bona ngonkulunkulu ukuze bakwazi ukusinda ngokulamba nokubanda kwalezi zindawo ezinokhahlo. Ngezinsuku zama-Inca, i-vicuna yayinikelwa kunkulunkulu welanga u-Inti.Ama-Inca abembiza ngoboya bakhe ngokuthi “i-Golden Fleece” noma “i-Fleece of the Gods”, akubheka ukwelashwa kwakhe futhi kwenqabela ukubulala lezi zilwane. Ama-Vicunas abanjwa ngesikhathi sokuzingela kwasebukhosini, ukugawulwa bese kukhululwa endle, kanti inani lezilwane ngokwemvelo lalizinzile. Izingubo zazenziwe ngoboya obuthambile, obuhle bezicukuthwane eziphakeme. AbaseSpain, sebefikile eNingizimu Melika, baqala ukudubula abantu abaningi kakhulu. Lokhu kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ngenhloso yokuthola uboya obabiza kakhulu futhi obungabizi kakhulu emhlabeni, yize inyama ye-vicuna ibhekwa njengokudla okumnandi.

Isibalo sezilwane saqala ukwehla ngokushesha: uma ngesikhathi sama-Incas, kuze kube ngekhulu le-16, ngaphezu kwezigidi ezi-2 zabantu ababehlala e-Andes, khona-ke ngo-1965 kwakungekho bantu abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyisithupha. Isimo siqale ukuguquka ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engama-60 yekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Ngo-1967, indawo yokuqala yemvelo yokuvikela amaVicunas, uPampa Galeras, yadalwa ePeru, ngonyaka we-1970. I-United States (okungenisa uboya obukhulu ngaphakathi) ivimbele ukuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo yoboya be-vicuna, futhi ngemuva kweminyaka engu-5, inhlangano yamazwe jikelele yokuvikela izinhlobo zezilwane ezinqabile ze-CITES, ezingaphansi kwe-UNus, yandisile ukuvinjelwa emhlabeni wonke.

Njengamanje, abantu base-Andean babuyela kumkhuba wakudala wokusebenzisa i-vicunias - chaku. Lokhu akuyona nje uhlobo “lokuzingela” lokudotshwa kwezilwane, ngenxa yokuthi lapho zibanjwa zihlukaniswe, kodwa futhi nomkhosi lapho kungenzeka khona ukucela onkulunkulu ukuthi baqinisekise ukuzala komhlaba nezilwane. Ukuphenduka kwezingqondo zabantu kwenzeka ngokuyinhloko ePeru, okokuvikela izingalo, ifulege kanye namaphepha okubhalwe kuwo lesi silo esihle. Iziphathimandla zasePeru zaphinde zathola inhlonipho yazo ngamasiko kanye nama-vicunas ngokwakha umkhosi waminyaka yonke weVicuna ePampa Galeras ngonyaka we-1993 nangokuphathisa izakhamizi zakuleli ukuthi zingagcini ngokunakekela ama-vicunas kuphela, kepha futhi zinikeza nemiphakathi ilungelo lokuthola imali ngokuthengiswa koboya.

UChuck ubanjwa ngoMeyi kuya ku-Okthoba. Iqoqo lokuphila labantu bendawo abangamakhulu amahlanu noma ngaphezulu lihamba kancane lingene endandeni yezilwane ezisabisayo ezinyaweni ezisheshayo. Umsebenzi wabantu, bamemeza futhi bashaye izandla, ukuletha umhlambi ebhodini lesikhashana, elenzelwe ngokukhethekile ukuqoqa uboya.

Ngemuva kokuthi ama-vicunas ekhiywe ephepheni, izizukulwane zamaInca asendulo ziya esiteji - iqembu elincane labantu abagqoke izingubo zesizwe ezimibalabala lihlangana etsheni, elifakwe phakathi enkabeni ye paddock. Lapha, abahlanganyeli bokwenza lo mkhuba umkhosi obizwa nge- "Tinkachu" - babonga konkulunkulu futhi bacele imvume yokusebenzisa izipho zemvelo. Ngemuva kwalokho, ababambiqhaza emcimbini lowo kufanele basebenzise izindlebe zeziduna nezowesifazane baxube igazi lezilwane. Lesi senzo sifanekisela umshado wezilwane futhi, ngokwezinkolelo zamaInca, siqinisekisa ukuzalwa kabusha kwabo.

Ngemuva kwesiko, zonke izinhlaka ezibanjwayo ziyahlolwa, zimakwe, futhi zinikezwe ukunakekelwa kwezilwane okudingekayo. Izilwane ezindala kuphela ezinobude bezinwele ezi-3 cm okungenani, ezidwetshiwe zisebenzisa umshini kagesi (ukusheshisa inqubo futhi kunciphise ukucindezelwa esilwaneni) kuphela ngemuva nasemaceleni, kushiya izinwele okungenani zingama-0,5 cm emzimbeni. Izilwane ezisencane kuze kube unyaka ubudala, izinsikazi ezikhulelwe nezilwane ezibuthakathaka azithintwa. Ngemuva kokugunda nokuhlola zonke izinhlaka, ziqoqwa endaweni enkulu futhi zikhululwe ngasikhathi sinye ukuze izilwane zibe nethuba lokubuyisela ukwakheka kwangaphambilini kwamaqembu.

Njengamanje, inani lama-vicunas emvelweni angabantu abayizigidi ezimbili, ngaphezu kwalokho, kunohlelo lwamazwe onke lokuzithunjwa kwalezi zilwane lapho i-zoo yethu ithatha khona iqhaza (iqembu lokuzalela ama-vicunias ligcinwa e-zoo). Ukunyamalala kwalezinhlobo akusabekiswa engcupheni, futhi i-vicuna iyisibonelo esihle sokuthi inqubomgomo efanelekile kahulumeni, kanye nomphakathi wamazwe omhlaba, yaletha kanjani ukuvumelana kobukhona babantu nezilwane eceleni.

UVicuna udume nangokuthi une-alpaca pedigree yakhe - isilwane, umnikazi wejazi elimangalisayo elifanayo. Lokhu kuzwana sekukhunjulwe iminyaka eminingi, kodwa ngenxa yocwaningo lofuzo lwesimanje, ososayensi manje bahambisana nenguqulo yemvelaphi ye-alpacas evela eVicuna.

Ukubukeka kwe-vicuna yezilwane

Umzimba we-vicuna ungamamitha ayi-1.5 ubude. Ekuphakameni, isilwane sikhula sibe yimitha. Isisindo se-vicuna evamile singamakhilogremu angama-50. Ikhanda lifakwe entanyeni ende enomusa, kodwa enemisipha kakhulu. Isilwane sinamadlebe amade.

U-Vicuna uvolo une-tint ebomvu, kwesinye isikhathi ngamathoni ansundu. Isisu simhlophe. Entanyeni nasesifubeni somzimba, izinwele zakha okuthile okufana namapendana, angamasentimitha angama-30 ubude.

UVicuna une-incisors (amazinyo) abukhali kakhulu, ngakho-ke akadingi ukudla imifino enezimpande - usika amaqabunga bese uwahlafuna.

Ubukhulu be-vicuna bukhulu kancane kunenja ende. Akunjalo nhlobo ngamakamela kasayizi.

Ngabe kudlani i-vicuna?

Ukudla kwalezi zilwane ezincelisayo ezintabeni kakhulu, kunqabile. Ngempela, ezintabeni, endaweni ephakeme, azikhuli izitshalo eziningi eziluhlaza. Ngakho-ke, ama-vicuñas ayaphoqeleka ukuba aneliswe nganoma yikuphi ukudla kwezitshalo okuza ngendlela yazo. Iningi lama-vicuna lithanda ukudla okusanhlamvu. Bahlafuna ukudla, njengoba kwenza bonke abamele abasebenza ngokukhanyayo.

Ngaphambi kokunquma, ama-vicunas anjengamathoyizi athambile nanamandla.

Ukuzalelwa kwekamela elihlungiwe

Isikhathi sokuzalela lawa makhamera amancane ancibilikisiwe aqala entwasahlobo. Owesifazane ovundile ubamba amathole izinyanga ezingaba ngu-11. Ama-wikis amancanyana futhi mahle! Ngokuzalwa ngesibindi, ingane isivele ikwazi ukusukuma (ngemuva kwesigamu sehora) bese ilandela unina. Noma engenaso isikhathi sokululama kahle kusukela azalwe isizukulwane esisodwa, insikazi ibuye iqale ukubamba iqhaza emidlalweni yokuphelisa. Lokhu kwenzeka kungakapheli amasonto amabili kuya kwayi-3 ngemuva kwezingane zokuqala. AmaVicunas aletha izizukulwane ezizayo njalo ngonyaka. Ukukhula okuncane kuhlala eduze kowesifazane kuze kube unyaka owodwa.

Umama uVicuna neqha. Isisa sikaVicuna.

Emvelweni wemvelo, ama-vicunas ahlala iminyaka eyi-15 - 20.

Inani lomuntu

Njengoba sekuphawuliwe, ama-vicunas angumthombo woboya obizayo. Kukholakala ukuthi elibaluleke ukwedlula ijazi lakhe - cha. Ngakho-ke, kunokuqothulwa okungalawulwa kwalezi zidalwa ezinhle. Kwesinye isikhathi abantu abacabangi ngokulimala okungakanani abakwenzayo emhlabeni wethu ukuze bazizuzele bona. Kuhle ukukhumbula njalo ukuthi ukuvumelana nemvelo kuyisihluthulelo sobukhona bazo zonke izinto eziphilayo, kubandakanya nathi bantu!

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

Incazelo Nezici

Lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo ezimbili zamakamela asendle aseNingizimu Melika ahlala ezindaweni eziphakeme zase-Andes, enye - i-guanaco. Vicuna - Isihlobo se-llama futhi sithathwa njengokhokho wasendle we-alpaca, osekuyisikhathi eside ikwazi ukubusa ekhaya.

IVicuna ithambile, inomusa futhi incane ngokuqhathaniswa ne-guanaco. Isici esiyisihlukanisi se-morphology yezinhlobo ukukhula okungcono kwezici ze-vicuna. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazinyo aphansi obuhle base-Andean akhula kuyo yonke impilo futhi ayakwazi ukugaya ngokwawo ngenxa yokuxhumana njalo neziqu ezinzima zotshani.

Umbala weVicuna ejabulisa iso. Ijazi elide lesilwane linombala onsundu futhi beige emuva, liphenduka umbala onsundu esiswini. Esifubeni nasemphinjeni - "ihembe-ngaphambili" elimhlophe, umhlobiso oyinhloko we-artiodactyl. Ikhanda limfushane kancane kunaleli le-guanaco, futhi izindlebe, ngokungafani, zinde futhi zihamba ngeselula. Ubude bomzimba buqala ku-150 kuya ku-160 cm, amahlombe - 75-85 cm (afinyelela kumitha). Isisindo somuntu omdala singama-35-65 kg.

Ama-callosities awakwazi ukuziqhayisa ngezinselo ezibiziweyo, futhi nalapha izitho ze-vicuna ziphela ngokufana kwezingwe. Lokhu kukhula kuvumela isilwane ukuba sifinyelele phezu kwamadwala, kuqinisekisa "ukubanjwa" okuqinile ngenhlabathi enamadwala.

Umnikazi wentamo ende namehlo avuleke kakhulu anemigqa yama-eyelash fluffy, vicuna esithombeni Kubukeka kukuhle. Kepha ubuhle obunamahloni abuvumeli abantu ukuthi beze kuye, ngakho-ke basusa lesi simangaliso ngamakhamera ngokwanda okukhulu kude.

Vicuna - isilwane esinyanyayo esise-oda lama-artiodactyls, isizinda se-callosipers, umndeni wamakamela. Kuze kube muva nje, izazi zezilwane bezikholelwa ukuthi i-llama ne-alpaca bayinzalo ye-guanaco. Kodwa ukucwaningisisa kahle i-DNA kwabonisa ukuthi i-alpaca ivela ku-vicuna.

Yize izingxoxo zibanjwa ngale ndaba, ngoba zonke izinhlobo ezihlotshiswe eduze zingashada ngokwemvelo. Kunohlobo olulodwa kuphela lwalezi zilwane ezisezintabeni, ezihlukaniswe izifunda ezimbili, iVicugna Vicugna Vicugna neVicugna Vicugna Mensalis.

Isikhathi sokuphila

Izitha eziyinhloko zama-artiodactyl ezintabeni zasendle zingamaphiko we-Andean fox and wolf maned. Ezimweni zemvelo, ama-vicunas ahlala iminyaka engaba ngu-20 (eminye - aze afike ku-25). Ukwenza umsebenzi wasekhaya akunakukwazi, kepha kwezinye iziza zifunde ukuthi zingagcinwa kanjani ngokufanele "abaphezulu" abesabekayo.

Ukuze lokhu, ukuvalelwa okuvulekile kuyadingeka. Ukwenza isibonelo, eMoses Zoo kwakudalwa indawo yokuhlala izingane ezingaphansi kwedolobha. Maphakathi nawo-2000s, kwalethwa abesifazane abathathu nowesilisa. Banda kakhulu, ngakho-ke inani lezinkomo lenyuka laba ishumi nambili, izingane eziningana zathuthela kwamanye ama-zoo.

Ingozi enkulu kunazo zonke ezilwaneni ezingatholakali ngaso sonke isikhathi abantu. Kusukela esikhathini sokunqotshwa kweSpain kwaseNingizimu Melika kuze kube ngu-1964, ukuzingela izinhlanzi akuzange kulawulwe. Iphutha ijazi labo elibalulekile. Lokhu kuholele emiphumeleni eyinhlekelele: kule minyaka engamashumi ayisithupha, inani labantu abake baba yizigidi ezimbili lancipha laba yizi-6,000 zabantu. Inhlobo kuthiwa yabekwa engcupheni.

Ngo-1964, uServicio Forestal, ngokubambisana ne-United States Peace Corps, iWorld Wildlife Fund kanye neNational Agrarian University yaseLa Molina, bakha indawo yemvelo (ipaki kazwelonke) yeVicunas Pampa Galeras esifundeni sasePeruvia i-Ayacucho, manje kunendawo yokugcina imvelo e-Ecuador naseChile.

Engxenyeni yesibili yamashumi ayisithupha, kwaqala uhlelo lokuqeqeshwa kwabahwebi bokuzithandela ukuze bavikele izilwane. Amazwe amaningi ukuvimbele ukungenisa koboya be-vicuna. Ngenxa yalezi zinyathelo, ePeru kuphela inani lama-vicunas liye landa kaningi.

Minyaka yonke ePampa Galeras chaku (amadlelo, ukudonsa nokugunda) kwenziwa ukuqoqa uvolo kanye nokuvikela ukuzingela. Zonke izidakamizwa ezinempilo zabantu abadala ezinesembozo soboya esingamasentimitha amathathu nangaphezulu ziyavezwa. Lesi yisinyathelo soMkhandlu Kazwelonke Wamakamela AseNingizimu Melika (i-CONACS).