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Incazelo yezinhlobo zentuthwane

Intuthwane yesod (Tetramorium caespitum) iyinhlangano yohlobo lweTetramorium yesizinda esingaphansi kwe-Stem-belided. Kuqala, emuva ngo-1758, isazi semvelo uCarl Linnaeus wahambisa izintuthwane kuhlobo lweFomuica, kodwa ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-100, usosayensi wase-Australia uGustav Mayr waveza ukuthi kufanele babe nge-Tetramorium ye-genus.

Lezi zinambuzane zinosayizi abancane: ubude bomzimba babantu abasebenzayo ukusuka ku-2 kuye ku-4 mm, abesilisa nabesifazane - ukuya ku-7 mm. Zingaba nsundu, zibomvu ngombala futhi zibe mnyama.

Izici ezihlukile zezintuthwane ze-turf:

• Omnivorous. Izinambuzane zingama-entomophages, zidla izidumbu futhi ziqoqe imbewu.
• Izinombolo ezinkulu. I-colony eyodwa ifaka abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-50.
• Ukuziphatha ngokuhlanganyela. Izinambuzane zinezindawo zokuxhumana ezithuthukiswe kahle, zijoyina amandla okudlulisa ukudla, ukunwebisa izidleke, njll. Abadayisi basebenzisa izindlela ze-pheromone ukuqondisa abasizi endaweni yokudla.

ISodoma Ant, Ukubukeka

Isici esihlukile sabantu abasebenzayo ukuthi ubude bamakhanda abo bukhulu kakhulu kunobubanzi. Izinambuzane zinezimpondo ezihlukaniswe izingxenye eziyi-12, ama-mandibles angunxantathu, amehlo amancane. Banesisu esifushane nesifuba. Owesifazane angahlukaniswa iqiniso lokuthi ikhanda lakhe lincane kancane ngaphambili.

Izinhlangothi ze-clypeus ziphakama endaweni yokunameka ye-antennae. Zinamehlo amakhulu amakhulu. Isiqu esiphakathi kwesifuba nesisu siqukethe izigaba ezimbili. Ikhanda nesifuba kukhulu, futhi i-scutellum ne-oval tumbo kuyacwebezela. Izintuthwane, ukugoba nezidladla zezinambuzane kukhanye ngombala onsundu.

Abesilisa balesi zinhlobo banekhanda eliyindilinga namehlo amakhulu. Ama-mandibles anwetshelwa phezulu, kukhona izinyo elilodwa. I-Antennae inezigaba eziyi-10 futhi inesimo se-filiform. Umzimba wonke uyakhazimula. Abesilisa banamaphiko.

Izintuthwane ZaseSodoma

Izintuthwane zaseSodoma zithanda ukwakha izidleke emhlabathini ezindaweni ezivulekile nakotshani. Emnyango wesidleke kuvela igquma elincane lomhlabathi olahliwe. Lolu hlobo luphawulwa yi-monogamy; kunendlovukazi eyodwa esidlekeni. Kwesinye isikhathi ikoloni lithatha isibeletho sesibili, kepha abahlali ndawonye. Kulokhu, ingxenye yezintuthwane ishiya nendlovukazi entsha bese ibheka enye indawo yokuhlala.

I-anthill yekoloni elikhulu inokungena okuningana nezigaba, esidlekeni kunezingxenye ezihlukene zezitoko zezimbewu nezezihlobo.

Uma isifutho sokwenaba sithola inyamazane enkulu, khona-ke izintuthwane zihamba nazo ziye esidlekeni sazo.

Uma imindeni yezintuthwane ihlela impi, khona lapho izintuthwane zilinda zize ziqedwe, bese ziluma izisu zazo kusukela ezintuthwaneni ezinqobile bese ziyiyisa e-anthill.

Izintuthwane zaseSodoma ziyasiza. Ikakhulu, izinambuzane ziqoqa i-carrion, ezilungele imvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, baxuba izingqimba zenhlabathi, bathuthukise ukushintshana komoya futhi bathuthukise ikhwalithi yenhlabathi.

NgoJulayi-Agasti, iminyaka yabantu abadala abanamaphiko. Izinsikazi ezifakwayo zibeka amaqanda azo ngaphansi komhlaba bese zakha ikoloni elisha. Izisebenzi zokuqala zendlovukazi zondliwa zodwa.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngama-turf izintuthwane

Izintuthwane zaseSodoma zilungele ukudala ipulazi lakho lezintuthwane. Izinambuzane zijwayela kalula izimo ezintsha, azikhethi ekudleni. Kunconywa ukugcina + 21-24 ° C ku-formicaria. Njengokudla, izinambuzane ezincane, isikhuphasha, inyama ebilisiwe, ujusi wezithelo, uju, imbewu yokusanhlamvu kufanelekile.

Izintuthwane azizifihli, ziyasebenza futhi zanda ngokushesha, ngakho-ke kuyathokozisa ukubuka ipulazi elinjalo.

Elinye iqiniso elihehayo lihambisana nezinye izinhlobo zezintuthwane - Anergates at congus and Teleutomyrmex. Lezi zinhlobo ziwohlokile, ngenxa yalokho zaphelelwa izisebenzi. Umcimbi onjalo uholele ekutheni lezi zinhlobo ngeke zikwazi ukuthola ngokuzimela ukudla futhi zakhe izindlu. Phakathi kwezinambuzane ezincane ezinobude bomzimba ongu-2 mm, kwasala abesifazane kuphela nabesilisa. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zifakwe ku-Red Book ye-WSOP. Zihlala eduze kwesidleke se-turf esidlekeni saso.

Enye inhlobo ehlobene kakhulu nentuthwane yesodokhtsu yiStrongylognathus "izintuthwane-izigqila". Ngokubukeka kwazo, ziyefana neTetramorium caespitum. Izintuthwane ezinamandla iStrongylognathus zithumba imbovane yezintuthwane zefudu, ezigcina ziba yizigqila esidlekeni sazo.

Ukuvela kwezintuthwane ze-turf

Izintuthwane zalolu hlobo zincane: ubude bomzimba obujwayelekile abudluli amamitha ayi-4. Umbala uhluka kusuka kumnyama uye onsundu.

Ama-mandibles angunxantathu obanzi ngunxantathu we-serated. Phakathi kwesisu ne-sternum kunesithungo esinezigaba ezimbili. Banokuqina okukhule kahle.

I-parasitism yomphakathi

Eduze kwezintuthwane ze-turf, izintuthwane ezincane ezonakalisiwe u-Anergates ku-pusus futhi iTeleutomyrmex zihlala esidlekeni sazo. Lezi zinhlobo zilahlekelwe yimisebenzi yabasebenzi. Ngeke bakwazi ukuzakhela izindlu zabo futhi bathole ukudla. Phakathi kwezinambuzane ezincane ezinobude bomzimba ongu-2 mm, kwasala abesilisa nabesifazane kuphela. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zomzimba zokuhlakulela umphakathi zibhalwe kwiNcwadi Ebomvu ye-WSOP. Izintuthwane zohlobo lweStrongylognathus ziyafana ngokubonakala kweTetramorium caespitum. Bahlwitha ipupae lobuthwane besod, ababa yizigqila esidlekeni esingajwayelekile.