Lapho kufika isikhathi sokuzala, i-ammophile igaya umgodi emhlabathini.
Ngemuva kwalokho ubheka isibungu esincane secwecwe lefishi emhlabathini futhi amenzele imijovo eminingana yokulimaza.
Ngemuva kwalokho i-ammophile ithwala isisulu somzimba isidleke bese ibeka iqanda emzimbeni wesibungu. Ngemuva kwalokho, umama okhathalelayo ushiya i-mink, ayimboze ngamatshe amatshe nesihlabathi.
I-Myosotis (myosotis) ngesiLatini isho "indlebe yegundane". Lapho iqabunga elingikhohliwe livela ezinso, libukeka njengendlebe yegundane.
Wasp Odiner (Odynerus)
Lezi zinhlanzana ezincane zakhanga ukunaka kwami ngemibala yazo emihle - emnyama ngephethini ephuzi, amaphiko ansomi, asongwa, amnyama antennae.
Engqungqutheleni ye-molbiol, bangitshele ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi laba ngabangabenzeleli. Bengihlala nginaka kuphela iminyovu ebomvu yokumba, ngakho-ke bengingalindele ukuthi ngiyobona abamnyama.
Lawa maxhaphozi akha amapayipi obumba athakazelisa kakhulu emithambekeni. Nasi isithombe:
Lawa machubhu angumnyango wokungena emhubheni we-mink, okugaywa yi-wasp emthambekeni. Ngaphakathi kwendlu kunephunga lomntwana. Le ndawana ngokwayo idla umpe, futhi ithwale izibungu ezikhubazekile zamabhungane amaqabunga, imichilo nezimvemvane ezincane ezinganeni zayo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi indiza ye-Odiners ithulile - ayisho futhi ayizwakali phezu kwendlebe.
Lo nyaka kunenqwaba yabamamatheka, bangena emphemeni njalo manje, bese ngibabamba ebhokisini ngibakhiphe.
Namuhla inkungu esinqumayo kakhulu yeza kithi - akubanga ngamahloni ukuba khona kwami. Imfumba ibhekise ekhoneni le khonde, lapho yaqala khona ukwakha umgodi kusuka kubumba oluzenzele! Emhlathini wayephethe izinto zokwakha.
Ngemuva kokuyenga uzungeze imbobo futhi ushiye ubumba lapho, imfumba yandizela ingxenye entsha.
Akuzona zonke izinambuzane ezikwazi ukuthola indlela yokuphuma kuvulandi okhazimule (futhi izimbali nokukhanya kuzihehela lapha), kepha ispp sasikhanya ngokushesha - iyazi ukuthi ukuphi nokungena kuphuma kuphi.
Ngakho-ke uyafa abuyele usuku lonke, ehlekisa ngami futhi ethukuthelisa umama wami - ukhathazekile ngomshana wakhe, othanda ukuzulisa izingalo zakhe ezingathandwa yizinambuzane.
Kuliqiniso, inqwaba yamaphepha asabekayo ayingozi, kepha iphunga elilodwa lokuhlanza, lihlela ukukhulisa ingane eyodwa, alinazinkinga ezithile.
Ama-Odiners ajwayele ukuhlala emhlabathini noma ezindongeni zezakhiwo ezonakalisiwe. Ekupheleni kokwakhiwa, babeka isivalo futhi balethe izibungu ezikhubazekile zama-weevil nama-mabhungane amaqabunga - izingcezu eziyi-10-30. Ngemuva kwalokho babopha isidleke bakha umbhangqwana kwenye indawo, kuze kube yilapho amabutho ebashiya, futhi ekwindla kufa iminyovu.
Izibungu ezisanda kuzalwa zihlafuna ukudla okulungiselelwe, bese kuba yizidleke. Ubusika bukhuphuka mink, futhi entwasahlobo kuvela insalela entsha ebusweni.
ISand Ammophila (Ammophila sabulosa), umndeni wasps wokumba (Sphecidae)
Ifana kakhulu nomgibeli futhi iziphatha ngendlela efanayo. I-Ammophila igaya iminki encane bese iyimboza ngegobolondo. Ngemuva kwalokho ubheka isibungu sobusika noma esinye isikhuhli asikhiphe ngaphansi komhlaba.
I-Wasp igxeka isibungu ngokulandelana esigabeni ngasinye, endaweni ngayinye yezinzwa, kuze kube yilapho ohlukunyeziwe ekhubazekile ngokuphelele. U-Ammophila uphatha isibungu esixubeni, abeke iqanda kuso asimboze ngesibabule.
Imfumba ikuthola kanjani ukuncibilika kwayo? Ukhumbula indawo yezinto eziseduzane - amatshe, izigaxa, utshani.
Izibungu ezihlafunwe zizodla “ukudla okuhleliwe okusemathinini”.
Lokhu kwagcotshwa kusihlwa kusihlwa. Wayebuyela emuva, ebopha umhlathi wakhe ezimbalini zegolide, ekhombisa isisu sakhe futhi ulenga kanjalo. Imidlwane nezinyosi zivame ukulala kulesi sikhundla.
Umndeni unezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-800. Izinambuzane zabantu abadala zidla umpe. Ubude - kufika ku-2.8 cm. Ama-wasps angashadile anokuthula, ngaze ngawathatha ezandleni zami.
Ngihambile ngomgwaqo ngabona ngasohlangothini lomgwaqo i-ammophile eyayidonsa isibungu sesikopu. Ngancika phezu kwakhe. Usp wasatshiswa wasilahla isibungu. Kepha wabe esebuya waqala ukumfuna. Angikwazanga ukumthola otshanini, ngibe sengibeka imbungulu leyo endleleni ngqo phambi kwe-ammophile. Wambamba wase edonsela ocingweni.
IPhepha Wasp Polistes (Polistes Ruleula)
Lapho iminyovu yakha isidleke sephepha noma iqaphe izingane zayo esidlekeni - kungcono ukungazigcini. Kepha imichilo enomzwangedwa izulazula izimbali izolile impela uma ungadonsanga amadevu ayo futhi unikine izandla zayo. Le nkampani ibizimisele ngokuqoqa umpe kusuka ku-coltsfoot. Umunwe wami nawo wawumnandi kancane, ngakho-ke wanquma ukuwukhotha.
By the way, izinyosi zesifazane i-adren zivukile. Manje abesilisa abagcini nje ngokugijima, kodwa futhi bagxumela abesifazane ngezikhathi ezithile.
Izinyoni sezivele zacula ebusuku! Kwafika amaBlackbirds, zanyanki kanye nama-warblers.
Ama-Bullfinches wonke ahlala eduze nabaphakeli. Namuhla bebenenhlazo emndenini ohlonishwayo - owesilisa udansa phambi kowesifazane, wamqukula umsila wakhe. Wahlala ehleka, wenza sengathi akanandaba. Kungazelelwe kwaqhamuka omunye wesifazane eceleni kwakhe. Unkosikazi osemthethweni wasuka masinyane wabopha umphikisi uqhwaku ekhanda! Wahamba wemuka.
Iqhwa lincibilikile ehlathini, kwavela ugwadule oluhlaza okotshani, inselo nokuqina kwavela. Ngalo luphi usuku ezinye izinyoni ezihlubukayo sezikhala, zimemeza kungathi ulahlekelwe yintombi yakhe noma enye into.
I-Campsoscolia, umndeni weScolia / India
ICampsoscolia (Colpa), umndeni wakwaSkolia, eHymenoptera. Abantu abadala bondla izibungu zezibungu zamabhungane.
AbakwaSkolii banokuthula okukhulu. Ukugwazwa kwabo kwakuyithuluzi elisebenzayo ukwedlula inseshi yamasosha: bayayishwabanisa ngesisulu sayo futhi kwesinye isikhathi babeqala nje ukuzivikela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umzimba we-scoliosis awunakuguquguquka kakhulu, futhi kulula ukugwema umjovo wokugwaza ngokuthatha i-wasp ezandleni zayo. Uma unqenqema lugxekile, khona-ke izinhlungu ezivela ngomjovo zincinci. Lesi isimilo cishe sazo zonke izitho zomzimba: ubuthi bazo abubangeli buhlungu obuvuthayo.
Lalela izwi le-wasp yokumba
Ngemuva kwalokho, insikazi iyasivala isidleke futhi, futhi ayibuyeli kuso izinsuku eziningana. Ngalesi sikhathi, usevele wakhe isidleke sesithathu, ubheka isidleke sesibili futhi ubuyela esokuqala, uletha lapho ithrekhi futhi usivala unomphela. Okwamanje, akagcini ukummboza ngamatshe amatshe, kepha futhi ngokuqinile uwashayela ngekhanda lakhe, njengesando. Futhi kwesinye isikhathi uthatha amatshe ngamabhulashi kanye nezinqama enhlabathini nawo. Le ngenye yezindlela ezimbili ezaziwayo zokusebenzisa amathuluzi ezinambuzane.
Ukudubula okusondele: udoti esihlabathini ulungiselela ukumba isidleke.
Lapho insikazi ibopha isidleke sokuqala, impilo yalamazibulo ayo iyaqinisekiswa: inokudla okwanele okulethwa ukuqedela isigaba sezibungu bese iphenduka i-chrysalis endlini evalwe ngokuphephile. Ngemuva kwalokho, umama onakekelayo uyagcwalisa ukudla esidlekeni sesibili, bese kuba kwesesithathu. Futhi ezinye izintokazi ziqala ukwakhiwa kwesidleke sesine.
Nasi isidleke esiphelile.
Njengoba kwenzeka, i-sand-lyubka inakekela okungenani izidleke ezintathu ezisezingeni elehlukile lokuthuthuka. Ngokushesha ubheka isidleke ngasinye, yize zifihlwe ngokucophelela futhi siphakathi kwenqwaba yezidleke ezifanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wazi kahle ngasiphi isikhathi ukuthi kudingekile ukuvakashela izidleke. Futhi uyakhumbula ukuthi yisiphi isidleke ukubeka iqanda kuso, sokubuyisa amasheya wokudla, ekugcineni ahlanganisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-shrew wasp inquma ngokunembile ukuthi yisiphi isidleke sokubeka isibungu esisodwa, nokuthi yisiphi - isibhangqa.
Ngakho-ke, imininingwane ngesidleke esisodwa se-ammophile igcinwa ngokwahlukana emayelana nesinye isidleke. Owesifazane uhlala evakashela isidleke esidinga ukunakekelwa kwakhe manje, mhlawumbe uthola uhlobo oluthile lokuvuselela okuvela kuye. Ukusuka kwesinye isidleke, angathola ukuvuselela okuhluke ngokuphelele, kepha ngeke akhohlwe ukuthi zikuphi ezinye izidleke nokuthi yini enye okudingeka yenziwe kubo.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
Incazelo yezinambuzane
- 1 Incazelo yesinambuzane
- 2 Izinhlobo
- 3 Zuza futhi ulimaze
Ubungako bokuswebhisa iminyobo kungahluka: ubude bomzimba buyehluka ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-55 mm. Ukusuka ngaphezulu, umugqa ongasemuva we-expressionotum wenza umgobongo, okuyisici esivelele saleli qembu elithile lomeva. Futhi ezinhlangothini kukhona okuvelayo okuvelele - lokhu kuyizigaxa zehlombe ezingafinyeleli kwi-tegul. Ukusuka kwigama kuyacaca ukuthi iningi lezinhlwayi zaleli qembu zigaya iminki esihlabathini noma enhlabathini, kepha kukhona lezo ezikhetha ukuhlala ngokhuni, kanye nabamele bezilwane ezincane ngaphakathi kwesiqu sesitshalo.
I-wasp yokumba ingabonakala ngokubakhona emilenzeni yangaphambili yochungechunge lwama-bristles alukhuni obukeka njenge-crest futhi asebenza njengohlobo lwefosholo lokudonsa kwenhlabathi. Owesifazane ngamunye nabesilisa abathile banalokhu kuqubuka. Ingxenye esetshenziswayo yokwembesa ngezinhlobo eziningi zokugaya imfucuza iyindawo ebanzi, eyisicaba lapho umquba usunduza khona inhlabathi futhi ubusheleleze izindonga zendawo eye yavubukulwa.
Izici Zokuphindaphindeka
Iminyovu yokuhlakaza ibonakala ngokunakekela izingane. Kuqukethe ekwakheni isidleke nokulungiselela ukudla kwezibungu, lapho iminyovu imvamisa ithanda khona izinambuzane ezihlala ezindaweni ezivulekile. Kungaba izicabucabu, izimpukane, amacimbi, ama-aphid, izimvemvane nabanye. Yonke iminyovu yokumba idla izitha, futhi uhlobo ngalunye lukhetha isilokazana esithile njengesisulu saso.
Ngasikhathi sinye, kuyamangaza ukuthi iminyovu inekhono kangakanani ekuzingeleni futhi ngokunembe kangakanani okuletha iziphetho ezinqumayo. Ukudotshwa kwenkunkuma kukhubazekile ngomjovo wokugwaza ungene endaweni yenzwa, ngenxa yokuthi lesi sinambuzane sihlala sisha isikhathi eside.
Leli qembu lokuhlanza imishado lilodwa.okungukuthi, bakha izidleke futhi banakekela inzalo ngokuzimele kwabanye abantu. Ngemuva kokumba umgodi ohlukile esidlekeni futhi usigcwalisa ngamalungiselelo, imfumba ibeka iqanda bese inamathisela umnyango nge-cork, elenza lisuka endaweni engaphansi. Ekupheleni komsebenzi, ukungena esidlekeni nakho kuvaliwe.
Ezinye izinhlobo zokuhlanza iminyobo zibonisa ukuziphatha okuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe. Njalo ekuseni bahlola izidleke zabo futhi balethe inyamazane yabo njengoba idliwa izibungu. Imidumba iyakwazi ukunakekela izidleke eziningana.
Wasp larra anathema
Ungumlimi wokusiza ngokuzithandela ekulweni nebhere. Yisinambuzane esimnyama futhi siyisiqu esisodwa.
Ukuthola ibhele emaphasishi angaphansi komhlaba, imfumba idonsa ibheke phezulu. Lapho, isibungu esinemigqa emithathu eqondile yokugwazwa kwezigaba ezithile ezithile zethempeli sikhubazeka okwesikhashana isisulu. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngaphansi konyawo lwangaphansi lwebhere, imfumba ibeka iqanda. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engaba ngu-5, ukukhubazeka kukabhele kuyanyamalala, bese ephindela kuye ngaphansi komhlaba, lapho aholela khona ngendlela yakhe ejwayelekile.
Izibungu eziye zaphuma eqandeni kusukela ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyelwa kuya ekuhlatshweni kwezilwane zihamba ngezigaba ezi-5 zokukhula ngezinsuku eziyi-12 kuya kwezi-30. Sonke lesi sikhathi uhlala ngebhere njengegciwane langaphandle. Ibhele elincane liyafa ngaphambi nje kokuba izibungu ziphenduke i-chrysalis.
Ammophile wasp
ISandy ammophile - isinambuzane sombala omnyama onesisu esikhanyayo esibomvu, esisogwini oluncane, kanye nemilenze emide. Khulu impela, ifinyelela ku-4 cm ubude.
Le ntshana yakhetha iscooop ehlala emhlabathini njengokudla kwenzalo yamacimbi. Ukuthola isibungu bese sikuhambisa phezulu, i-ammophile ikhubaza isisulu. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuze kube yilapho sekuqunjelwa uqobo, imvuthu idonsela inyamazane yayo, esesisindo izikhathi eziningana kunesizingeli, emhlabathini uqobo.
Lapho esefikile lapho aya khona, udonsa isibungu sesikopisi ngaphakathi esidlekeni esizayo, abeke iqanda elilodwa kuso, ashiye iseli esitokisini bese efihla ngokucophelela.
I-Filant - impisi yenyosi
I-Filant kungenye yezinhlobo zokugaya iminyovu. Yisinambuzane esikhulu esikhulu futhi esinamandla, esusayizi ukusuka ku-12 kuye ku-15 mm. Inenhloko enkulu kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nomzimba nemihlathi eqinile. Isifuba se-philanthropist simnyama, isisu sigqamile ophuzi, emuva kunemisipha emhlophe kuya kwemithathu. Babembiza ngokuthi impisi yezinyosi ngokuhlasela izinyosi zezinyosi.
Kwenzeka kanjena. I-philanthropist ibalekela inyosi lapho yona, ngaphandle kokusola noma yini, iqoqa impova imbali. Ngemuva kokuwumbatha ngezidladla zayo, impisi yenyosi ihlasela isisulu entanyeni ibulale.
Ngomunwe ngomunwe nangama-paws akhe, unwebeka umpe oqoqwe ku-goiter yakhe, ekhala nolimi. Lapho-ke inyosi icekeleke phansi ngokuphelele futhi ithwala i-mink yayo ukuze iyisebenzise njengokudla kwezizukulwane ezizayo.
I-philanthropist ingadala ukulimala okukhulu kubafuyi bezinyosi uma ihlala eduze kwamawele, ngoba izinyosi ziyeka ukundizela uju, zihlale okhalweni. Inyosi yendlovukazi iyayeka ukubeka amaqanda futhi umndeni uya ngokuya uncipha.
Uma i-wasp ilume
Ngokwezibalo, inani eliphakeme lokugwazwa kwe-wasp liwela ezinyangeni zasehlobo zikaJulayi no-Agasti, lapho yonke indawo kukhona khona izimbali eziningi, kanye nenqwaba yezithelo namajikijolo avuthiwe. Yini okufanele uyenze uma i-wasp ilume?
- Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlole isilonda ngokuqina okusele kuso. Imvamisa, ayihlali esilondeni, ngoba, ngokungafani nenyosi, inamathele ngokuphephile esiswini sesinambuzane futhi ayinazimpawu. Ukugwazwa kungasala enxebeni uma umhlaseli ebulewe ngenkathi kulunywa. Ngakho-ke, uma ukutholwa kutholakele, kufanele kususwe ngokucophelela.
- Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukugeza isilonda nganoma yisiphi isisombululo se-magciwane, isibonelo, i-hydrogen peroxide, isixazululo se-potanganum permanganate exutshwe ne-ammonia noma iodine, aluhlaza okotshani. Ngemuva kokwelashwa, iphakethe leqhwa kufanele lifakwe esilondeni, lokhu kuzosiza ukunciphisa ukubunwa kobuthi. Akunakusho ukuthi kufanele ihlulwe, ngoba kungenzeka ukuletha ukutheleleka emzimbeni futhi kuvuse ukuthuthukiswa kokuvuvukala.
- Uma kungekho-magciwane aseduze, unganamathisela ishidi le-plantain enxebeni, elaligezwe ngaphambili futhi lihlikiwe kahle. Iqabunga le-dandelion lizokwenza.
- Umuntu ohlukunyeziwe kufanele aqinisekise umbuso ophuzayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, anganikwa itiye noma amanzi afudumele afudumele.
- Uma kungenzeka, kuyadingeka ukuthatha ama-antihistamines ukuvikela ukwanda komzimba.
Zonke lezi zincomo zifanelekile uma umuntu ehlushwa yilungu elilodwa.
Endabeni yokulimala okuphindaphindayo, nokuthi ulimele intamo, ulimi nolaka, kufanele uthintane nodokotela ngokushesha!
Imiphumela yokulunywa yizimpondo
Umuthi we-wasp yi-ovipositor eguquliwe. Kepha uma sihlaselwa, lesi sinambuzane sisebenzisa njengesikhali. Lapho ilunywe wukugwinya, kukhipha ubuthi esikhunjeni, ngenxa yalokho kuvela kokuvuvukala, okuhambisana nobuhlungu obuvuthayo, ukulunywa kanye nokubomvu.
Imiphumela ingaba mibi kakhulu uma isisulu singumuntu ongalunganga. Ngenxa yokulimala konqenqemeni, angathola ukukhuphuka okuthe xaxa kwezinga lokushisa, ukubanda, isiyezi, ukugabha, isifo sohudo, kanye nokubi kakhulu - ukushaqeka kwe-anaphylactic, okuthi, ukukhula ngokushesha, kungadonsa.
Ukuzilimaza okuyingozi kakhulu kometha olimini, izihlathi nomphimbo. Okusongela kakhulu ukungaboli kokudla kwezingane nabantu asebekhulile. Kulokhu, thintana nodokotela ngokushesha. Sabelo: Akukho okuphawulayo
I-Wasp yokumba noma i-sand-luba noma i-ammophile iyisihlwa esidonsa izimbobo enhlabathini eyinyumba neyomile. Isici esiyingqayizivele se-wasp yokumba umzimba waso omude. Njengomthetho, umbala umnyama, unebala elikhanyayo elibomvu noma elibomvu osesiwombeni sesisu.
Isixhobo sokumba umgodi onekhono kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, usebenzisa amathuluzi amabili: ama-mandibles aqinile, akhomba asiza i-wasp ukuba ilume enhlabathini futhi ayithukulule, nezandulelayo ngamabhulashi aqinile, angamabhulashi asiza ukukhipha inhlabathi. Imfucumfucu ayilahli nhlobo umsebenzi eduze kwesidleke sayo.
Ukumba umgodi (iCrabronidae).
I-Pesko-lyubka iconsa izigaxa zenhlabathi phakathi kwesifuba nekhanda, futhi izithwale zisuka esidlekeni ziye kumasentimitha ayi-10.
Ihambisa imbandezelo ecishe ilingane nobude bomzimba wayo, futhi ezansi yakha ikamelo elivulekile lapho inzalo yakhe izotholakala khona. Ngesikhathi somsebenzi onjalo, imfumba kuyodingeka ithwale inani elikhulu lomhlaba, ngenkathi ngayinye idlulisa izigaxa ezincane. Umsebenzi omkhulu onjalo uthatha imizuzu engama-45 kuphela ukuthola imfumba yokumba.
Elinye igama lokumba iminyovu is wasps.
Lapho isidleke sesikulungele, i-ammophile iyahamba iyofuna isisulu. Ngaphambi kokuba indiza ihambe, inyosi ifihla isidleke ngamahlumela, amatshe ayizigaxa nezinqwaba zomhlaba. Ibamba isibungu, kuyilapho isibungu singadlula ubukhulu baso.
I-wasp kufanele idonse umthwalo osindayo ngokuhudula esidlekeni, kuphela lapho ingaphumula khona okuncane.Phakathi nenqwaba yezidleke, insikazi ikhomba okungokwayo, iyikhumule, bese idonsa isisulu ngaphakathi. Umpu ogelezayo ubekela iqanda elilodwa emzimbeni wesibungu, emva kwalokho ubeke isidleke.
Imfucumfucu yowesifazane idonsa izidleke zayo esihlabathini, bese ibekela amaqanda lapho.
Sekuyisikhathi eside izazi zemvelo zibabaza intshiseko yale nkambi enamanyala, kodwa muva nje kuphela lapho ososayensi abathathu abangamaDashi basifunde ngokucophelela lesi sinambuzane. Ngesikhathi sezifundo, kwaqashelwa isici esimangalisayo se-ammophila. Lapho insikazi ibopha isidleke, ingaqala ukwakha entsha, noma ivule isidleke esakhiwe.
Lokhu kungukuziphatha okumangalisayo, njengoba iminyovu eminingi ingabuyeli ezidlekeni ezivalekile. Kwesinye isikhathi insikazi imane ihlole isidleke, kwesinye isikhathi ibuyele kuso inyamazane entsha, iphindise izibungu ngokudla okusha.
Izimpondo
U-Hornet (Vespa crabro), umndeni we-Real Wasp
Kwesinye isikhathi ngibona ama-hornets ezindizayo, kepha awahlali, ngakho angikwazanga ukuwukhipha. Namuhla ngihamba onqenqemeni lwehlathi, kungazelelwe ngibona uphondo lundiza. Ibamba kusuka ebangeni lotshani ibhungane likajongilanga bese ilenga ibheke phansi. Ngomsindo omkhulu, uphondo luququda ezintuthwaneni nase-elytra, zingena otshanini.
Lapho-ke okwezimpondo zandiza zihamba nezinyamazane. Ngokusobala, wahamba wayokondla izingane. Ama-Hornets asuthisa izibungu ngezinambuzane. Ama-hornets ngokwawo adla umpe, ujusi wezithelo, nosawoti omnandi we-aphid. Bahlala ezidlekeni zamaphepha ezivini nasezindlini ezakhiwe ngamakhamera.
Ama-Hornets ngokuvamile awamthinti umuntu uma engangeni esidlekeni sawo. Imvamisa izindondo ezimbili zigada isidleke, kuthi lapho kwenzeka ingozi zibize ezinye.
Okuyingozi kakhulu ubuthi bama-hornets ase-Asia.
Bee Wolf, Philanthus triangulum
Inyosi yezimpisi, philanthus (Philanthus triangulum), umhlambi womndeni uSand (wemba) (Crabronidae)
Ngihambe ngendlela futhi ngabona isports esihle emoyeni. Wayenekhanda elikhulu futhi ngokuvamile wayengefani neminyovu ejwayelekile. Ngama ngalinda ispp ukuthi ngihlale kwi-cornflower bud. Waqala ukuhlanza imilenze yakhe yangemuva.
Ekhaya, ngifunde ukuthi bekuyini i-wasp futhi ngabona ukuthi ufuna izinyosi.
Ama-philanthropists abantu abadala adla umpe, kepha insikazi yondla izibungu ngezinyosi. Ukondla isibungu esisodwa, kudingeka izinyosi ezi-4-6.
U-Wasp wemba umgodi endaweni enesihlabathi, ubeka iqanda. Lapho izibungu zibamba, umama okhathalelayo uyazingela. Ukhumbula indawo esidalwa kuyo isidleke ngamatshe amatshe nezinye izinto ezizungezile.
Ngemuva kokubamba inyosi, imidlwane iyabulala futhi inciphise umpe - umpe uyibuthi kulesisihlava, kanti naku-wasp lokho kuyindlela yokwelapha. Lapho-ke imfumba ithatha inyamazane ibhekise kulo.
By the way, izolo ngiphinde ngabuka ukuzingela kwama-Hornet. Wabamba isinambuzane, wasihlanza ngamaphiko waso, wenza ibhola lesinyamazane wasihambisa.
Waster potter
I-Eumenes, i-subfamily yeps ye-eumene (udonga lwasodonga, isppter sombumbi, isiphisi sepilisi - i-Eumenidae)
Lawa maxhaphozi amahle enza izindlu zezingane zawo ngesimo sejeke lobumba - inhlobo ngayinye inombala wayo.
Ngaphakathi kwejagi, kufakwa iqanda ku-cobweb bese kubekwa isibungu noma ibhungane elikhubazekile - ukudla kwesibungu se-wasp.
Ngifuna ukwazi konke
Okokuqala, ngizokutshela ngodaba olubi ngezindinganiso zami, ezaqala ngendlela ebukeka njengejwayelekile. Indoda eyodwa yafuna ukulengisa i-chandelier futhi yathola imbobo ophahleni. Yini engahle ibe yindawo ejwayelekile? Ithuluzi ligijimela kokuthile futhi wanquma ukubuza ukuthi yini ...
Ukunaka! Kubantu abahle kakhulu, ngicela ucabange ngemiphumela yokuya ngaphansi kwekati
Lapha ukutholakala okunjalo kutholakala lapho, kepha kuyini? Kuyadingeka ukuyithatha ...
Aaaaaaaaaa! Uphi umlilo wami
Ezinye izicabucabu! UDADE!
Kuvelaphi lapha! Kukhunjuzwe ngokushesha ...
Ngakho-ke kuyini futhi kwenziwa ngubani? Kepha lobu ubuhle Abadaya odaka :
Izithombe 1.
I-Burrowing wasps, ama-sphecids (Sphecidae), umndeni wezinambuzane ezihlwabusayo ze-pmenic hymenopteran. Ubude bomzimba ukusuka ku-5 kuye ku-60 mm, umbala omnyama, imvamisa ngephethini eliphuzi noma elibomvu, i-expressionotum emincane. Cishe izinhlobo eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-12 zidlangile kuyo yonke insimu ye-USSR yangaphambili, cishe izinhlobo ezingama-1000.
Izithombe 2.
Ama-wasps wasps adla umpe kanye n impova. Zonke izinhlobo ze-Burrowing Wasps zithuthukise ukunakekela izingane zazo. Owesifazane ovundisiwe wakhela isidleke esineseli elilodwa noma amaningana, kuvame kakhulu ukuthi kube ukuncibilika emhlabathini, okuvame kakhulu - indabuko esegangeni noma ngokhuni noma esidlekeni esakhiwe ngobumba.
Izithombe 3.
Ukudla kwezibungu kuyinto enomkhawulo yezinhlobo zezinambuzane, okuvame kakhulu ukuba ngama-arachnids, okuthi iningi lezilwane zeBurginging likhubazeke ngokugwinya ngama-nerve node (ngale ndlela, inyamazana ligcinwa lisha isikhathi eside). Owesifazane ugcwalisa ingqamuzana ngalinye lesidleke ngokudla okuyi-future larva, abeke iqanda eli-1 futhi abeke uphawu esitokisini. Zimbalwa izinhlobo eziletha ukudla esidlekeni lapho kukhula izibungu zonke.
Izinhlobo zohlobo lweLarra, zikhubazeka ibhele, zingazakhi izidleke, kodwa zishiya izinambuzane zineqanda elibekwe phezu kwalo ekuphephelweni kwazo.
Ukubaluleka okusebenzayo kwama-waster wokumba mancane, impisi yezinyosi ilimaza okuthile ekufuyweni kwezinyosi, isuthisa izibungu zayo ngezinyosi zezinyosi.
Izithombe 4.
Ammophila, okusho ukuthi i-sand-luba, - ajwayelekile kwabaningi umgodi wokumba kwakha imvuthu enhlabathini eyomile neyinyumba. I-Ammophilus ibonakala kalula ngumzimba wayo omude omfishane, ovame ukuba mnyama, ube nendawo ebomvu noma ebomvu ye-orange ekugcineni kwesisu esincane kakhulu. Lo mbhuli onekhono usebenzisa amasethi amabili amathuluzi: ama-mandibles anamandla, akhonjwe phansi, lapho i-wasp iluma emhlabathini ukuze iwuthukulule, futhi imilenze yangaphambili inama-bristles angakhethi obunji, lapho imfumba ikhipha khona lapho isihlahlana senhlabathi.
Akukaze kube khona umkhondo wokumbiwa okuzungeze isidleke. Ukulahlwa kwenhlabathi kuncipha izigaxa zenhlabathi phakathi kwekhanda nesifuba - kungathiwa, ngaphansi kwesilevu - futhi kuzithwale ziye eceleni, zindiza emayini ngamasentimitha ayishumi nambili. Njengoba ikhiphe umgodi omile ngokujula kobude bomzimba wayo, ispp iyenza igumbi layo libanzi ngezansi, lapho kuzofanele libeke khona amathrekhi amaningi kanye nenzalo yalo. Noma kudingekile ukuphuma futhi ubekele eceleni indawo eningi, kuthathe izinhlamvu eziningana zesihlabathi isikhathi ngasinye, ukwakhiwa kwesidleke kuthatha imizuzu engama-45 kuphela i-ammophile.
Izithombe 6.
Lapho-ke insikazi iyahamba iyofuna inyamazane, kepha ngaphambi kokusuka, ivala isidleke, ifihla umlomo womlomo ngezinxe zomhlaba, amatshe amatshe noma amahlumela. Njengoba isibambe isibungu, kwesinye isikhathi sikhulu kunaso, imfumba idonsela inyamazane yayo esidlekeni ngodonsa, kuphela kwezinye izindawo lapho ikwazi ukundiza okuncane. Phakathi kwezidleke eziningi, insikazi izitholela eyayo, ivule bese idonsa inyamazane iye egumbini. Emzimbeni wesidleke, ubeka iqanda elilodwa abopha isidleke. Okwamanje, ukungaphili nje kuphela ukuvala umnyango wokungena emgodini, kodwa futhi kuphonsa isihlabathi kanye ne-gravel kuyo ngakho-ke kufinyelela ebusweni kangangokuba akunakwenzeka ngokuphelele ukuthola indlela yokungena.
Izithombe 7.
Intshiseko nobunyoninco bama-ammophiles kudala kudonsela ukunakekela kwabezemvelo, kodwa muva nje abacwaningi besayensi abangamaDashi abasanda kuthola lo mbhalo ngokuningiliziwe bathola isici esisodwa esimangalisayo sokuziphatha kwayo. Babone ukuthi, lapho sebebeke uphawu esidlekeni, insikazi ingathatha ukwakhiwa okulandelayo noma ivule isidleke esakhiwe ngaphambili. Lokhu ngokwako akujwayelekile - iminyovu eyedwa iningi ayibuyeli ezingxenyeni zazo ezazivavaliwe. Abaphenyi bathole ukuthi ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi insikazi ivakashela isidleke lapho ihambela okwesibili, futhi kwesinye isikhathi, lapho sebeyihlolisisile, indiza ibuyele esidlekeni, kodwa ngesisulu: iletha ukulethwa okusha kokudla kweleya esele kudle isibungu sokuqala. Ngemuva kokuphindwaphindiswa, imfumba ibopha isidleke bese isishiya yodwa izinsuku eziningana. Ngaleso sikhathi, uyaqhubeka nokusebenza esidlekeni sesithathu, ahlole owesibili, abese ebuyela kwesokuqala, engeza amathrekhi amaningana kuwo bese ekugcineni eyivimba.
Izithombe 8.
Kulokhu ammophile akagcini nje ukufaka umnyango esidlekeni ngamatshe amatshe, kepha futhi nekhanda lakhe, njengesando, ubashisela endaweni ngamandla. Kwesinye isikhathi udonsa ngisho namatshe amatshe amhlophe namazinyo enhlabathi ngenkani - elinye lamacala amabili aziwayo okusebenzisa “amathuluzi” ezinambuzane. Manje isidleke siboshwe ngokuqinile, insikazi yenze konke okudingekile ngenxa yamazibulo ayo - imnikeze amalungiselelo anele okuqedela isigaba sakhe sezibungu nokudla emgodini ovikelekile. Ngemuva kwalokho i-ammophile iphinda ifake izinto esidlekeni sesibili, iqedele ukuqoqwa kokuhlinzekwa kwesithathu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi iqala ukwakha yesine.
Izithombe 9.
Ngakho-ke kwavela ukuthi lokhu ispp esincane ngasikhathi sinye sinakekela okungenani izidleke ezintathu ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene zokukhula. Uthola ngokushesha isidleke ngasinye, yize zonke zifihliwe futhi zizungezwe izidleke eziningi ezifanayo. Uyazi ukuthi angasivakashela ngasiphi isidleke. Ngemuva kokuhambela ngakunye, ispp ngokusobala ikhumbula kahle ukuthi yini okudingeka yenziwe: lapho kufanele ibekwe khona iqanda, lapho kungavalwa khona iminki engapheli, lapho ukuletha khona iqembu elilandelayo lezimbungulu zezibungu ezikhulayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-wasp iyazi ukuthi izoyisa kuphi isibungu esisodwa, lapho isibalwa khona futhi lapho kungekho lutho oludinga ukulethwa. Imininingwane etholwe yi-wasp evela kulesi sidleke igcinwa ngokwehlukile kulwazi olutholwe yiwo kwezinye izidleke. Owesifazane uvame ukuvakashela isidleke, esidinga ukuphinda kugcwaliswe ukudla ngaphezu kwabanye, ngokusobala, uthola isisusa kuye sokufuna amacimbi. Njengoba evakashele khona manje ngemuva kwalesi esinye isidleke, angathola isikhuthazo esihluke ngokuphelele lapho kodwa ngeke akhohlwe ukuthi zitholakala kuphi ezinye izidleke noma izidingo zazo.
Izithombe 10.
Isazi esidumile saseFrance, uthisha wasemakhaya uJean Henri Fabre (1823-1915) wafunda ngokucophelela lezi zinhlavu, futhi lokho akubona nezinye izinambuzane kwashicilelwa embhalweni wezincwadi eziyishumi we-Entomological Memories. Enye yezinto ezazicwaninga kakhulu kuye yi-wasp yokumba, i-sandy ammophile (Ammophila sabulosa ) Le ndawana ihlala endaweni evulekile futhi ayizihluphi abantu, ubude bomzimba wayo omncane bufinyelela kumamilimitha angama-28. Isikhathi esichithwe ukumbheka, ngikubheka njengelinye elihle kakhulu futhi elifundisayo emsebenzini wami wesayensi.
Ekupheleni kukaMeyi, ukumba iminyovu kuqala isikhathi sokuzala. Ngosuku olushisayo lwehlobo, insikazi iqala ukundiza ibhekise kule ndawo ebiyelwe ngamatshe heather, ize ithole indawo evulekile yenhlabathi enesihlabathi, ihlale phansi ibambe umgodi ocijile ngekhamera enwebekayo ekugcineni. Ngemuva kwalokho, ebeka umnyango walesi “sidleke” ngamatshe amatshe noma inqwaba yezihlabathi, uqala futhi ukundiza phezu kothuli. Bese kwenzeka into emangalisayo kakhulu. Ngemuva kokubona isibungu esiluhlaza, i-ammophile indizela phezulu kuso, siyibambe ngomhlane womzimba wayo futhi siyakhonkotha (konke lokhu kubonakala ngokucacile esithombeni esingezansi) endaweni ye-nerve node ngezansi.
Ubuthi buthi buqubule umbungu kuphela, kepha bungambulali. Lapho-ke imfumba idonsa inyamazane yayo esidlekeni, siyibeka emnyango, ivule imbobo, igibele isidleke kube sengathi iyahlola, ivele futhi, bese ibuyela emuva, idonsa isibungu lapho. Imfucu ibeka iqanda emgodini wokumbelwa, futhi iphinde iphumele ngaphandle kulethe enye imbungulu egayiwe ngendlela efanayo, njalonjalo kuze kube yilapho isidleke sigcwala ukudla kwezingane ezizayo - izibungu eziyisishiyagalombili ezisaphila. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, izibungu zizophuma emaqandeni, ezizokwehla ekwindla, kuthi umhluzi olandelayo osuvele ukhule ngokuphelele uzoziphatha kahle njengabazali babo.
Izithombe 11.
Ukuziphatha kwe-ammophile ebukekayo (enesici esisodwa esibalulekile) kuqukethe izingqondo ezingezona ezilinganisiwe ezibangelwa yisisusa esithile, ngokwesibonelo, lapho ubona ukwelulwa kwesihlabathi sedwala noma isibungu. UFabre ukufakazele isenzo esingenamibandela se-wasp ngokuhlolwa okulandelayo okwaziwayo, lapho enza khona iminyovu edla izintethe. Lapho inkungu enjalo iletha inyamazane yayo esidlekeni, yayibeka emnyango futhi inyamalala emgodini, uFabre wasunduza ibhungane (ama-tweezers) ibanga elithile ukusuka esidlekeni. Wasp ukuphuma, waqala ukucinga inyamazane yayo, wasidonsela emuva emnyango ekungeneni esidlekeni waphinda wakhuphuka wayohlola iminken. UFabre waphinda futhi wasusa ubusi kude nomnyango, futhi inqubo yonke yaphindwa. Izikhathi ezingama-40 zilandelana, inyamazane yahamba isuka emnyango, futhi kuwo wonke amashumi amane, le nkomo yayiziphatha ngokufana.
Ayikho i-wasp engafunda ukuthi yenzani. Ukuziphatha kwakhe ekuboneni kwendawo enesihlabathi esincane esikhanyayo, isibungu (nokho, kukhona ama-wasps akhipha izinyosi kuphela) noma ukungena esidlekeni, isimilo sakhe ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlola isidleke akuyona into eyedlula eyinkimbinkimbi engacacisiwe. Isimo - isidleke esinezinyamazane ezikhubazekile silele phambi kwaso - sibangela isheke kuzo zonke izimo, noma ngabe lokhu kuhlolwa sekuvele kwenziwa kaninginingi kanti kulowo obukeleyo ukuziphatha kwalapho kungabonakali kungadingekile ngokuphelele. Konke kwenzeka sengathi isilwane sisebenza ngaphansi kwethonya lokuphoqelelwa okuvela ekuvuseleleni. Ukuze kuhlukaniswe i-Reflex elula kusuka emsebenzini oyinkimbinkimbi, lolu hlobo lokuziphatha lubizwa ngokuthi imvelo.
I-Instinct iyindlela yokuzalwa yokuziphatha eyenziwa ngokungathi ngecebo. Ngakho-ke, ocwaningweni lwesimanje, sikhuluma ngohlelo lokuziphatha lwangaphakathi. Ukuze ufunde imvelo, kubalulekile ukwenza izinhlobo ezimbili zokubheka. Okokuqala, ukutadisha okwenziwa isilwane, okubizwa ngokuthi yisikhuthazo sezenzo zemvelo. Okwesibili, funda izici ezihlukile zalezi zenzo ngokwazo. Ezimweni zombili, kuphakama umbuzo: ingabe bayazalwa kabusha noma bayatholakala? Lapho i-ammophile ibamba isibungu futhi isiluma, umsebenzi we-wasp kwemisipha kufanele uhlelwe ngendlela ethile. UConrad Lorentz wabiza umsebenzi ohambisanayo wokuhlanganisa kwemisipha eminingana ukuhlanganisa ifa. Sekuyiminyaka eminingi emva kocwaningo lukaFabre, isazi sebhayoloji saseDashi uNiko Tinbergen wakwazi ukuphendula lo mbuzo olandelayo: Ngabe impu yokumba ikwazi kanjani ukuthola umnyango wayo ufihlwe ngokucophelela, osezindaweni ezinesihlabathi, ovame ukugcwala i-heather?
Izithombe 12.
Ngeso lomuntu, indlela yokungena esidlekeni ayifani nhlobo nesihlabathi esizungezile. Noma kunjalo, i-wasp iyithola ngokunemba ngokuphelele. Umlingani engisebenza naye waseDashi wafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi ispp ithola indlela yokungena esidlekeni, iqondiswa uhlobo oluthile lwamaphoyinti angaphandle wenkomba. Ekuhlolweni kwakhe, wasusa noma wasusa izimpawu ezazingaba khona - amabala otshani, amatshe amatshe, amahlumela - ngaleyo ndlela wadukisa i-wasp ebuya nexhoba: wazama ukuthola isidleke sakhe endaweni lapho sasingekho. Ukuhlola okunjalo kwakuthakazelisa ngokukhethekile: ngenkathi i-mink yangcwatshwa, ukungena kwayo kufakwe umugqa ngamabhlokhi amancane enziwe ngamatshe angasebenza njengokuqondisa izigigaba. Lapho usuqedile umsebenzi, imvunda, njengoba kwakuhlala kunjalo ezimweni ezinjalo, yavala umnyango wokungena esidlekeni futhi yandiza indiza iyokuzingela. Ebuya ngokudla inyamazane, waphuthuma endaweni efanele futhi waziphatha ngendlela ejwayelekile. Kodwa uma ngesikhathi sokungabikho kwakhe kwahlanganiswa kabusha amashubhu, akakwazanga ukuthola isidleke sakhe.
Lokhu kufakazele ukuthi umgqomo onqenqemeni, owashiya isidleke, ukhumbula indawo ezungezile wabe esegxila kulokho okucasulayo okutholakalayo kuleyo ndawo. Ngakho-ke, indlela aziphethe ngayo uma ebuyile inemibandela. Isinambuzane sithola isidleke kuphela uma konke esakubona esidlekeni kuhlala kungashintshiwe. Kepha i-wasp ihlangana nokunye okuvusa inkanuko, njengoba sekushiwo, ngemidwebo engenasisekelo. Ngakho-ke, ukusesha nokuthola isidleke kuyinto ehlukile phakathi kwezenzo eziningi ze-wasp okuhloswe ngazo ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kohlobo. Inani lezinto eziningi ezingenamibandela zifaka i-Reflex eyodwa enesimo.
Singasho ukuthi udoti, undiza kude esidlekeni, ufunda okuthile. Kodwa-ke, akunakwenzeka ukuthi noma ngubani acabange ukuthi konke okwenzeka kuye endizeni futhi lapho ebuya nokuphanga kuyinqubo yokucabanga. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukufunda kuleli cala. Lokhu kumane kuwukuziphatha okubangelwa yisisusa sokuphendula lapho inzuzo ye-wasp ithola khona. Izenzo ezisele ze-wasp - ukumba isidleke, ukubeka indlela yokungena, indlela yokuqothula inyamazane, njll. - kwenziwa ngemvelo. Lezi zenzo zingabizwa ngokuthi ukuhlangana kwemisipha eyindlalifa noma, ngokusho kukaPavlov, amakhalipha ayinkimbinkimbi.
Izithombe 13.
Izithombe 14.
Izithombe 15.
Izithombe 16.
Izithombe 17.
Izithombe 18.
Izithombe 19.
Izithombe 20.
Izithombe 21.
Izithombe 22.
Izithombe 23.
Izithombe 24.
Izithombe 25.
Izithombe 26.