I-Hawk Buzzard - Isibonakaliso seBotastur
Inyoni enkulu (amaphiko cishe amamitha), efana ne-buzzard, kepha inomsila omude nemivimbo ecijile emsileni nasezimpapheni, ngaphandle kwamabala amnyama avela ngezansi kwephiko lephiko.
Umphimbo umhlophe ngomugqa omude omude, isisu sinombala onsundu ngemivimbo egqamile, ishiya livame ukumhlophe. Ngaphesheya kwesifuba, kuvame ukuba ne-strak ebanzi, emnyama (ngokungafani namawisi [148-152]). Ezinyoni ezincane, uhlangothi lwe-ventral lukhanya ngemithende emide yobude ezinhlangothini nasesifubeni. Lapho indiza, umphetho wangemuva wephiko ubukeka uqondile, awuzungelezi, njengokhozi olucwengekile. Indiza indiza kakhulu. Imvamisa kuhlala emagatsheni omile ezihlahla ezinde.
Ihlala emahlathini ahlanganisiwe futhi atholayo eningizimu yePrimorye nase-Amur. Izinso ezihlahleni ezinezintambo zotshani obuluhlaza kanye namaqabunga, ku-clutch yamaqanda amhlophe angama-3-4 anezindawo ezibomvu. Idla amaxoxo, izinyoka, izinduku, izinambuzane. Izwi lifana nokukhala kwe-buzzard, kepha -kuvumelanisa kabili.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, sekuyivelakancane futhi kubhalwe ku-Red Book of Russia.
7. 1. 7. Uhlobo lwe-Osoedy - uPernis
Izinyoni ezinkulu ezinomsila omude impela, hhayi obanzi kakhulu namaphiko amancanyana (amaphiko afinyelela kumitha elilodwa nesigamu). Endizeni, intamo iqonde kancane. Izimpaphe eziyinhloko ngezansi zimnyama ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwemidweshu, zikhanya kakhulu ngamathiphu amnyama. Umbala uhluka kakhulu, ngakho-ke kwesinye isikhathi kuba nzima ukuhlukanisa lezi zinyoni kuma-buzzards ne-hawk buzzard [135-139]. Indiza indiza nge-hover emfishane, amaphiko ayo agobile kancane ngegoqo phambili.
I-Nest ezihlahleni emahlathini amade axutshwe nobanzi. Isidleke esinezintambo zamagatsha anamaqabunga aluhlaza, ku-clutch ye-1-2 ekhanyayo, ebomvu ngombala onamaqanda amhlophe.
Zidla izibungu zezinhlwathi kanye nokuhlafunwa, izidleke zazo ezitholakala ngokubheka izinambuzane ezindizayo. Zinezindlebe ezikhululekile futhi zihlukanisa ngokunembile isiphambeko sephunga elibuyela esidlekeni saso ngesisulu esikhanyayo. Izidleke zokulahla inhlabathi zibunjiwe, zishiya izimbotshana zezimpawu zokumba. Ngenxa yezici zokudla okunempilo, amaqanda abekwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezidla ezinye (ama-wasp bese izibungu zazo ziba ukudla okuphezulu kuphela ehlobo). Isisekelo somlomo womlomo nesikhumba esizungeze amehlo zimbozwe izimpaphe ezincane, ezinesikali ukuze zivikeleke ekugxekeni kwe-wasp. Ngesinye isikhathi, amasele namagundane ayabanjwa. Izwi liyizwi elimfushane le-eyp.
E-Russia, ezimbili ezinzima ukwahlukanisa izinhlobo zezinto ezifudukayo.
Habitat
I-Hawk Buzzard (Isibonakaliso se-Butastur) kusabalele eMpumalanga Asia - eJapan, eNyakatho China, eRussia ePrimorye entshonalanga kuya ku-Lesser Khingan, enyakatho kuya emlonyeni we-Burei. I-Hawk buzzard iyinyoni efudukayo ebusika eSoutheast Asia kanye nenani elincane eziqhingini zase-Indo-Australia.
Ukubukeka
Le inyoni enobukhulu obuphakathi (amaphiko ubude be-31-34 cm), enamaphiko amade futhi abanzi, umsila omude oqondile, onenhliziyo ende, engxenyeni enkulu yobude, engaboshiwe, embozwe ngezivikelo ezincane zamakhasethi, ngeminwe emifushane nemikhono. Amadoda amadala nabesifazane abasebenza ngezinsikazi zezinambuzane zinombala ofanayo, onsundu ohlangothini lwamaduna nge-striated fly kanye nomsila, ikhanda elimpunga, uhlangothi olucwengekileyo ngomucu omnyama onsundu eceleni komphimbo nemivimbo e-brown eguqukayo esifubeni nasesiswini. Uqhwaku nemishayo yalezi zinyoni zimnyama, i-iris, i-waxen nemilenze iphuzi.
Ukudla Okunomsoco Nokuzala
I-Hawk Buzzard agcinwe emahlathini anqobayo noma ahlanganisiwe, afakwe izikhala ezivulekile, ancamela izindawo eziseduzane nezigwadule noma amachibi, ngenxa yokuthi ukudla kwayo okuyinhloko ama-amphibians. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hawk buzzard idla izibankwa, izinyoka, namagundane amancane.
Izidleke ze-Hawk buzzard ezihlahleni. I-Clutch yamaqanda amhlophe angama-2-4, ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Imininingwane yokuzalanisa ayiqondakali kahle.
Izinsongo zokuba khona
Lesi yizinhlobo ezingandile ezinobubanzi obulinganiselwe. Eminyakeni engama-30 kuya kwengama-40. kuleli khulu leminyaka, wayengumbono ojwayelekile wePrimorye. Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, sekuyivelakancane emhlabeni jikelele. Ukuncipha kwamanani kwenzeka ngenxa yezinguquko zezindawo zokuhlala (ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi, imililo), ukudubula okungekho emthethweni kwezinyoni ezindaweni ezidlekayo, futhi, mhlawumbe, nokudubula ngesikhathi sokufuduka kanye nobusika kuF. ITaiwan nePhilippines, ikakhulukazi mayelana. I-Taiwan kuma-60s njalo ngonyaka yayinambe kuze kufike ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-hawk.
Izinhlobo: Inkomba yeButastur = I-Hawk Buzzard
I-SARYCH HAWK (isibonakaliso seButastur) isatshalaliswa eMpumalanga Asia - eJapan, eNyakatho China, eRussia ePrimorye ngasentshonalanga ku-Lesser Khingan, enyakatho kuya emlonyeni weSiphepho. I-Hawk buzzard iyinyoni ephakathi nendawo (ubude bumaphiko ngama-31-34 cm), inamaphiko amade futhi abanzi, umsila omude oqondile, omude, engxenyeni enkulu yobude, ungaboshiwe, umbozwe nge-scute talus emincane, ngeminwe emifushane nangezandla. Amadoda amaduna nabesifazane abasebenza ngezinsikazi zezinambuzane zinombala ofanayo, onsundu ohlangothini lwamaduna nge-fly-striped fly kanye nomsila, ikhanda elimpunga, uhlangothi lwabamhlophe ngomucu omnyama onsundu eceleni komphimbo nemivimbo e-brown eguqukayo esifubeni nasesiswini. Izinyoni ezincane ze-hawk buzzard engutsheni yokuqala yonyaka zinombala onsundu ohlangothini lwe-dorsal, buffy on the ventral one ngephethini emide brown brown esifubeni, isisu ne-plumage ye-tibia, enezindawo ezinentaba emdaka ezinhlangothini. Izimpaphe ikhanda nge imingcele ekhanyayo. Uqhwaku nezinzipho zimnyama, uthingo, i-wax nemilenze iphuzi. I-Hawk buzzard ihlala emahlathini anqabayo noma ahlanganisiwe, igxiliwe ngezindawo ezivulekile, ikhetha izindawo eziseduze nezixhaphozi noma amachibi, ngenxa yokuthi ama-amphibians angukudla kwayo okuyinhloko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hawk buzzard idla izibankwa, izinyoka, namagundane amancane. Izidleke ze-Hawk buzzard ezihlahleni. I-Clutch yamaqanda amhlophe angama-2-4, ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Imininingwane yokuzalanisa ayiqondakali kahle. I-Hawk buzzard iyinyoni efudukayo ebusika eSoutheast Asia kanye nenani elincane eziqhingini zase-Indo-Australia.
Habitat
Uhlobo olunqabile olunobubanzi obulinganiselwe olungena eRussia ohlangothini olusenyakatho. Ubude bephiko buyi-300-330 mm. Indawo yamahlathi aseMpumalanga Ekude.
Ukubhebhetheka. E-Russia, izidleke ePrimorye kanye nezifunda eziseningizimu yeSifunda se-Amur, ngasentshonalanga kuya esigodini somfula. Bureya. Enyakatho eceleni kwesigodi somfula. I-Cupid isatshalaliswa emlonyeni womfula. UGorin. Ukuzalela futhi emithambekeni yasempumalanga yegquma. ISikhote-Alin iya eTerney Bay nasePopov Island ePeter the Great Bay. Izinyoni zihlala ikakhulukazi emahlathini ezigodini (1,2). Sisatshalaliswa eNyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina, ePeninsula yaseKorea naseJapan (3).
Inombolo. Eminyakeni yama-30s - 40s. leli khulu leminyaka bekuwumbono ojwayelekile wePrimorye. Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, sekuyivelakancane emhlabeni jikelele. Akukho imininingwane eqondile mayelana nenombolo (1,4,5).
Izici zokunciphisa. Ukuncipha kwamanani kwenzeka ngenxa yezinguquko zezindawo zokuhlala (ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi, imililo), ukudubula okungekho emthethweni kwezinyoni ezindaweni ezidlekayo, futhi, mhlawumbe, nokudubula ngesikhathi sokufuduka kanye nobusika kuF. ITaiwan nePhilippines, ikakhulukazi mayelana. ETaiwan kuma-60s Kuze kufike ezinhlafunweni ezingama-hawk eziyikhulu ngonyaka (6).
Izinyathelo zokuphepha. Ukubuka kufakwe ku-Isithasiselo II kwi-CITES Convention. Inani labantu kufanele lenziwe futhi nezindawo ezizaliswayo kufanele zifundwe ukuze kwakhiwe izindawo ezivikelwe.
Imithombo yolwazi: 1. Vorobiev, 1954, 2. Kistyakovsky, Smogorzhevsky, 1972, 3. Stepanyan, 1975, 4. Spangenberg, 1965, 5. Nazarenko (ukuxhumana nomuntu), 6. Severinghaus, 1970. Kuhlanganiswe nguV. A UNechaev.
Izimpawu zangaphandle ze-hawk buzzard
I-Hawk buzzard inosayizi acishe abe ngu-46 cm kanye namaphiko angama-101 - 110 cm. Isisindo sawo singama-375 - 433 amagremu.
I-Hawk Buzzard (inkomba yeButastur)
Lesi sidlakudla esinezinga eliphakathi nendawo sinezimilo eziphakeme zefomu lanky, esinomgoqo ophansi womzimba, amaphiko amade, umsila obude nemilenze emincane. I-plumage yeplamu yezinyoni ezindala inombala onsundu phezulu, kodwa ibukeka ibomvu kumisebe yokukhanya. Amapayipi avela phezulu ngemithambo emincane yokukhanya okunyama nokumnyama kombala omhlophe wobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Isikhungo sebunzi, i-hood, izinhlangothi zekhanda, intamo nengxenye ephezulu yengubo kuningi okumpunga. Umbala weplamu uhluka kusuka kumbala onsundu uye onsundu ngombala onemikhawulo emithathu emnyama. Zonke izimpaphe eziyisisekelo emnyama zimnyama.
Kukhona ibala elimhlophe elicokeme ngemuva kwekhanda, kumhlophe okuncane okukhona emaphethelweni ebunzi. Umphimbo umhlophe ngokuphelele, kepha imivimbo ephakathi nendawo emnyama imnyama. Kunemivimbo emhlophe ebanzi futhi nsundu esifubeni, esiswini, emaphepheni nasezinkalweni. Zonke izimpaphe ezingaphansi komsila zicishe zimhlophe. I-plumage ye-plumage yezinyoni ezincane ze-hawanish ine imithende emsundu kakhudlwana ngokukhanyiselwa kwamathoni ampunga nabomvu. Ibunzi limhlophe qwa, elinamashiya aminyene esihlathini kanye namazenga abonakalayo abonakalayo.
Ezinyoni ezindala, i-iris iphuzi. IVoskovitsa imphuzi - owolintshi, imilenze iphuzi ngokuphuzi. Izimbungulu ezincane zinesibhakabhaka esinsundu noma esikhanyayo. Wax ophuzi.
I-Hawk buzzard ihlala emahlathini ahlanganisiwe amaConifers nezihlahla ezinamaqabunga amaningi
Habitat Buzzard Habitat
I-Hawk buzzard ihlala emahlathini ahlanganisiwe ama-conifers nezihlahla ezinamaqabunga amabanzi, kanye nasehlathini elivulekile eliseduze. Kwenzeka ngasemifuleni noma eduzane nemabheshu kanye nezimbungulu zezilwane. Ukulungiselela ukuhlala endaweni emnyama, phakathi kwamagquma, emithambekeni yezintaba eziphansi nasezigodini.
Ubusika emasimini erayisi, ezindaweni ezinembozo esehlathini engenalutho nasemathafeni anama-sparse emahlathi. Kubonakala ezindaweni ezinamanzi aphansi nangasogwini. Ukusuka ezingeni lolwandle kuya kumamitha ayi-1,800 noma amamitha ayi-2 000.
Ukuhanjiswa kwe-hawk buzzard
IHawk buzzard yindabuko yezwekazi lase-Asia. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo itholakala endaweni yezwe ebizwa ngokuthi i-East Palearctic. Ihlala eMpumalanga Ekude yeRussia iye eManchuria (isifundazwe saseChina saseHeilongkiang, eLiaoning naseHebei). Insimu yeNesting iyaqhubeka enyakatho peninsula yaseKorea naseJapan (maphakathi nesiqhingi saseHonshu, kanye neShikoku, Kyushu ne-Izushoto).
Ama-buzzards ama-Hawk enza izindiza ezinde eziyindilinga ekuqaleni kwenkathi yezidleke
I-hawk buzzard iqala ubusika eningizimu yeChina eTaiwan, emazweni owawuyi-Indochina yangaphambili, kufaka phakathi iBurma, iThailand, iMalay Peninsula, Iziqhingi Ezinkulu ZaseSulawesi nasePhilippines. Naphezu kwensimu enkulu yokusatshalaliswa, lolu hlobo luthathwa njenge-monotypique futhi alwakhi izingqinamba.
Izici zokuziphatha kwe-hawk buzzard
Ama-buzzards ama-Hawk ahlala yedwa noma ngababili ngesikhathi sokudlela noma ngesikhathi sasebusika. Ngale ndlela, eningizimu yeJapan, akha izindawo zokuhlala zezinyoni ezingamakhulu ambalwa noma izinkulungwane ezibuthana ezindlini noma ezindaweni zokuphumula. Ama-buzzards athuthela emaqenjini amancane entwasahlobo nangamaqembu amakhulu ekwindla. Lezi zinyoni zishiya izindawo zazo ezidlekayo ukusuka maphakathi no-Septhemba kuya ekuqaleni kukaNovemba, zindizela eningizimu yeJapan, iziqhingi zaseNansei futhi ziye ngqo eTaiwan, Philippines naseSulawesi. Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-hawk buzzard.
Ama-buzzards e-Hawk ekuqaleni kwesizini yezidleke enza izindiza ezinde eziyindilinga zodwa noma ngazimbili.
Zihambisana nokunyakaza emoyeni ngokukhala njalo. Ezinye izinto ezenziwa kulolu hlobo lwenyoni yezinyamazane azibonwa.
I-Hawk buzzard yakha isidleke ekuphakameni okuphakathi kwamamitha amahlanu no-12 ngaphezu komhlaba
Ama-buzzards azalela ngoMeyi kuya kuJulayi. Bakha isidleke esinesizotha kusuka emagatsheni asongelwe ngokungakhathali, amagatsha, kwesinye isikhathi ukhipha izingongolo zomhlanga. Ububanzi besakhiwo buyehluka kusuka kumasentimitha angama-40 kuye kwangama-50. Ngaphakathi kukhona uhele lwamaqabunga aluhlaza, utshani, izinaliti zikaphayini, imichilo yamagxolo. Isidleke sitholakala ekuphakameni okuphakathi kwamamitha ayi-5 kuye kwayi-12 ngaphezulu komhlaba, imvamisa esihlahleni esine-coniferous or evergreen deciduous. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda ama-2-4 futhi ifakwe ezinsukwini ezingama-28 kuye kwezingama-30. Izinyoni ezincane zishiya isidleke ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-34 noma ezingama-36.
Yondla i-hawk buzzard
Ama-buzzards adla ikakhulukazi amaxoxo, izibankwa nezinambuzane ezinkulu. Izinyoni zizingela ezindaweni ezinamaxhaphozi nezindawo eziyomile. Badla izinyoka ezincane, imfoloko kanye namagundane. Bheka inyamazane edeskini yokubuka, ehlelwe emthini owomile noma kwisiginali yocingo, ekhanyiswe kahle yilanga. Ukusuka ekujuleleni ungene phansi ukuze ubambe isisulu. Basebenza ikakhulu ekuseni nase kusihlwa.
Hawk Buzzard ifuna inyamazane
Izizathu zokwehla kwenombolo ye-hawk buzzard
Ubuningi be-hawk buzzard bushintshe kakhulu. Eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, lolu hlobo lwenyoni yezinyamazane eSouthern Primorye lwaluthathwa njengoluncane kakhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho i-hawk buzzard isakazeka kancane kancane ku-Ussuri Territory esisekelweni saseLower Amur naseKorea. Ukukhula kwamanani kuhambisana nentuthuko ebanzi yeRussia Far East, okuholele ekuqubukeni kwezimo ezinhle zohlobo lwe-hawk buzzard. Lokhu kwenziwe lula ngokwanda kwenani lama-amphibians kanye nokutholakala kwezindawo ezilungele izidleke - amahlathi amade anama-coplication, amamead, clearings kanye namadlelo.
Eminyakeni yokuqala yama-70s kwaba nokuncipha okwandile kwesibalo sezinyoni ezidla inyama, okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yokubulala izinambuzane.
Mhlawumbe ukudutshulwa kwezinyoni okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokufuduka nakho kuthintekile.
Noma kunjalo, ngisho naseJapan, lapho kunokucwaninga okuningi nge-biology ye-hawk buzzard, imininingwane enanini labantu bezinhlobo nasemaqenjini ahlukahlukene wabantu ayitholakali. Ukutholakala kwezinyoni eziyizinkulungwane eziningana eningizimu Kuyshu ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Ngemuva kwedatha engaphelele, ubukhulu bendawo bungamakhilomitha skwele ayi-1,800,000 kanye nenani lezinyoni lilonke, yize lehlile, lingaphezulu kuka-100,000 wabantu.
I-Hawk buzzard ibhalwe ku-Appendix 2 CITES. Lolu hlobo luvikelwe ngu-Annex 2 weBonn Convention. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kushiwo kusiSengezo sezivumelwano zamazwe amabili ezaqedwa yiRussia neJapan, iRiphabhulikhi yaseKorea kanye ne-DPRK ekuvikelweni kwezinyoni ezifudukayo. Isamba esikhulu sabantu sibhekene nesimo esidabukisayo; eJapan, i-hawk buzzard isesimweni esihle.
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