Ama-Myxins, njengomthetho, afinyelela ukukhula kwengxenye yemitha. Umuntu omkhulu owayephula amarekhodi wayeqoshwa ngobude bomzimba obungamasentimitha ayi-127. Isilwane sinomzimba omile induna, ngaphandle kwamaphiko. Emlonyeni nasekhaleni elilodwa kukhula ama-antennae ayi-6 (kuya ngezinhlobo). Ngokungafani ne-maxillary (umlomo uvulwa ngokuthe nkqo), umlomo we-mixin usebenza ngokuqondile. Izintuthwane ezisesifubeni zidlala umsebenzi wezokuthambisa, phela amehlo wesilwane akhule ngesikhumba. Ukuze unxephezele ukungabi bikho kokubona, i-myxin inamaseli wezinzwa ezitholakala ekhanda naseceleni kwe-cloaca.
Ama-mixins ayizidalwa zasolwandle ezinyanyekayo kunazo zonke. Izithombe ne-video mixin
Umzimba we-mixin uhlala ufihla imisipha, ngosizo lwayo ukuthi ingangena ezindaweni ezingafinyeleleki kalula olwandle, futhi ingene emzimbeni wezinhlanzi esezivele zibolile. Sekukonke, inama-pores acishe abe yi-100 lapho ikhipha inkuku futhi yemboza yonke indawo yomzimba. Lawa ma-mucous pores abonakala kahle ezinhlotsheni ze-myxines ze-Atlantic. Isilayidi siqukethe keratin futhi mucin, eyinika isakhiwo esiqinile, futhi ayigezwa ngamanzi.
By the way, le mucus asisizi kuphela isilwane ukukhasa ngaphakathi kwenhlanzi ebolayo, kodwa futhi iyasivimba, sigcwalisa umlomo kanye nomlomo. Ukuqeda lokhu, lesi silwane siboshwe ifindo, sikhasa kuso siphuma sisusa ungqimba lomucu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi ukuphela kwesilwane sasolwandle esaziwayo esifunde ukudonsa, ukukhulula ikhala.
Ama-mixins ayizidalwa zasolwandle ezinyanyekayo kunazo zonke. Izithombe ne-video mixin
UMexina unezinhliziyo ezi-4. Enye yazo eyisisekelo. Isistimu yokujikeleza kwedlula kuzo zonke izinhliziyo, ngakho ukwehluleka koyedwa ngeke kuqinisekise isilwane ukuthi "sisheshe" ukufa. Kunezimo lapho i-mexin ebekiwe iqhubeka ukubhukuda isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora ayi-5. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilwane isikhathi eside senza kahle ngaphandle kokudla futhi singaphila ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.
Ukuzala
Kuncane okwaziwayo mayelana nokukhiqizwa kwe-mexin. Kwezinye izinhlobo, amaqembu aqhakaza aqoqana lapho isilinganiso sobulili singu-100: 1 sithanda izintokazi. Abanye banezitho zangasese zowesilisa nowesifazane, bazenze ama-hermaphrodite.
Abesifazane bazalela amaqanda ama-1 kuye kwangama-30. Akukho sigaba se-larval, ngokungafani nezibani zezibani ezifanayo neMexin. Izinsizwa ezivelayo ngokushesha zibukeka njengabantu abadala. Kukholakala ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo ngokwazo zikhetha ubulili bazo, ngokuya ngesilinganiso sabantu besilisa nabesifazane epaketheni, ezingafinyelela kubantu abayizinkulungwane eziyi-15.
Umsoco
Ama-Mixins achitha iningi lezimpilo zawo phansi, akhetha ubumba, udaka, noma isihlabathi. Isilwane simba sibheke phansi, sibheke phezulu. Ku-silt engezansi bathola izibungu ne-carrion ezakha ukudla kwabo okuyinhloko. Ama-myxins angena emizimbeni yezinhlanzi ezifile ngomlomo noma ngama-gill. Sesingenile emzimbeni, lesi silwane sibhoboza ukubola kwenyama emathanjeni. Akusabi nokuhlasela inhlanzi egulayo neyeqile, igibela ukungena kwayo ngaphakathi ngendlela efanayo nesidumbu.
Ama-mixins ayizidalwa zasolwandle ezinyanyekayo kunazo zonke. Izithombe ne-video mixin
IMiksin ikhangwa yinoma isiphi isilwane esidingekayo, imvamisa ithela izinhlanzi ezinempilo, ezingakwazi ukuhamba. Abadobi abasebenzisa amanetha bayazi ukuthi ezindaweni ezithandwa ngama -xube, akunakwenzeka ukuthola okungenani uhlobo oluthile lokubamba, ngoba isilwane sihlasela ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngokunikezwe ukuthi isikole senhlanzi yabathakathi singaba nabantu abangaba yizinkulungwane eziyishumi, kulula kakhulu ukuyishintsha indawo yokudoba kunokuthemba ukuthi ama-mixins azoshiya inyamazane eyedwa.
Ubudlelwano nomuntu
Njengoba ukubonakala kwama-myxin nendlela yabo yokudla kuyinto enyanyekayo, akukho ukudoba okuthengiswayo okwenziwa kukho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezindaweni ezisezingeni eliphansi, inhlanzi yomthakathi ibhekwa njengendlala yezomnotho. Njengamanje, i-mixin yonke ebanjiwe isetshenziswa embonini yezikhumba, yenza odumile "isikhumba se-eel". Ugu olusentshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika, lapho ukudotshwa kwama-mixins sekuqhubeka khona, kuyaphawuleka ikakhulukazi.
Kwamanye amazwe ase-Asia, i-mixin isetshenziswa njengokudla. EJapan, eTaiwan futhi ikakhulukazi eSouth Korea, kulungiswa izitsha ezithosiwe kuyo.
Izifundo zanamuhla ze-mucus zikhombisile ukuthi sinesakhiwo samakhemikhali esiyingqayizivele. Ukwakheka kwaso kungokuthi esikhundleni sawo kungenelele indawo yezindlela ezinamandla kakhulu zokumisa ukopha.
EKorea, i-mixin ithengiswa njengezinhlanzi bukhoma.
IMiksina - isibungu esikhulu noma inhlanzi ende?
Akusizo zonke izidalwa ezisemhlabeni ezibizwa ngokuthi "ezinengekayo kunazo zonke." I-Invertebrate mixin kufakwa ezinye izidlaliso ezingaphenduki: “i-eel-slug”, “isibungu sasolwandle” kanye “nenhlanzi yabathakathi”. Ake sizame ukuthola ukuthi umhlali ongaphansi kwamanzi uthole imali engakanani.
Ebuka izithombe ezixubile, futhi ngeke usitshele ngokushesha ukuthi singobani: isibungu esikhulu, umnkantsh 'ophakeme ngaphandle kwegobolondo, noma namanje inhlanzi eyinqaba. Ukubukeka okungajwayelekile kakhulu kwalesi silo sasolwandle.
Kodwa-ke, ososayensi sebevele benqumile. Babephethe i-mixin ekuxhumaniseni phakathi kwezibungu nenhlanzi. Lesi sidalwa esingajwayelekile sibizwa ngokuthi yi-vertebrate, yize ingenayo i-vertebrae. Kukhona ithambo lesikhumba kuphela. Isigaba seMixin okulula ukusibona, isidalwa sibizwa ngokuthi ama-cyclostomes.
Izici nokuhlanganiswa kwendawo
Isilwane sinokungajwayelekile isakhiwo sangaphandle. Ama-MixinsNjengomthetho, zinobude bomzimba wamasentimitha angama-45-70. Ezimweni ezingavamile, khula isikhathi eside. Kuze kube manje, kurekhodiwe ngamasentimitha ayi-127.
Ikhala ngaphandle kwensimbi lihlobisa ikhanda. Emlonyeni nasemakhaleni, izimpondo ziyakhula. Imvamisa kukhona ama-6-8 awo. Lezi zimpondo ziyisitho esiwubala wesilwane, ngokungafani namehlo, lawo emxholweni agqunywe yisikhumba. Amapulangwe kubantu abahlala ngaphansi kwamanzi awakhiwa.
Umlomo we-myxin, ngokungafani nezilwane ezaziwa kakhulu, uvula ubheke phezulu. Emlonyeni ungabona imigqa emi-2 yamazinyo nezinyo elilodwa elingaphekiwe esibhakabhakeni.
Isikhathi eside, ososayensi behluleka ukuqonda i-myxin iphefumula kanjani. Ngenxa yalokho, kwavela ukuthi ngekhala elilodwa. Isitho sabo sokuphefumula ngama-gill, aqukethe amapuleti amaningi we-cartilaginous.
Esithombeni "Inhlanzi Yomthakathi"
Umbala "wesilo sasolwandle" uxhomeke kakhulu endaweni yokuhlala, kaningi emvelweni ungathola imibala elandelayo:
Isici esiyingqayizivele ukuba khona kwezimbobo ezifihla umunyu. Zitholakala ikakhulukazi emaphethelweni aphansi omzimba we "fish fish". Lesi yisitho esibaluleke kakhulu kuwo wonke ama-myxin, siyasiza ekuzingeleni ezinye izilwane futhi singabi izisulu zezinyamazane.
Okungaphakathi isakhiwo se-mixinfuthi kuyathakazelisa. Umhlali ongaphansi kwamanzi unobuchopho ezimbili nezinhliziyo ezine. Izitho ezi-3 ezingeziwe zitholakala ekhanda, umsila nesibindi se- “monster sea”. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igazi lidlula kuzo zonke izinhliziyo ezine. Uma omunye wabo ehluleka, lesi silwane singakwazi ukuqhubeka nokuphila.
Esithombeni, ukwakheka kwengxubevange
Ngokusho kososayensi, eminyakeni engamakhulu amathathu edlule, i-mixin ayikashintshi. Kungukubonakala kwakhe kwezinto zakudala ezethusayo abantu, yize ngaphambili izakhamizi ezinjalo zazingajwayelekile.
Ngingayitholaphi i-mixin? Kuyavela, hhayi kude nolwandle:
- ENyakatho Melika
- IYurophu
- IGreenland
- I-East Greenland.
Umdobi waseRussia angahlangana naye oLwandle iBarents. I-Atlantic mixin uhlala ezansi koLwandle Olusenyakatho nasentshonalanga ye-Atlantic. Izakhamizi ezingaphansi kwamanzi zithanda ukujula kwamamitha ayi-100-500, kepha kwesinye isikhathi zitholakala ekujuleni okungaphezu kwamakhilomitha.
Uhlobo nendlela yokuphila yama-mixins
Esikhathini sasemini, ama-mixins akhetha ukulala. Ngengxenye engezansi yomzimba, angcwatshwa kusilika, kusale ingxenye yekhanda kuphela ngaphezulu. Ebusuku, izimpethu zasolwandle ziya ukuzingela.
Ngokulungile, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi kunzima ukubiza ukuzingela okugcwele. "Izinhlanzi ezinobuthaka" cishe njalo zihlasela kuphela izinhlanzi ezigulayo nezingakwazi ukuzilambisa. Isibonelo, kulabo abaphe izingodo zokudoba noma amanetha okudoba.
Uma isisulu singakwazi ukumelana, "isilo sasolwandle" siyasivimbela. Ukhuphuka ngaphansi kwama-gill myxin secretes mucus. Amagileli ayayeka ukusebenza ngendlela ejwayelekile kanti ohlukumezekile abulawa wukugcwala.
Kulokhu, lesi silwane sifaka umumbu omningi. Umuntu oyedwa ngemizuzwana embalwa angagcwalisa ibhakede lonke. By the way, ngqo ngoba izilwane zenza umiyane omningi kangako, azizithandi kakhulu izinyamazane. "I-Eel-slug" enamandla agxuma ukuphuma emihlathini yezilwane zasolwandle.
Ama-Mixins angakhiqiza ibhakede elicishe ligcwele umumbu ngeminithi
Abadidiyeli ngokwabo abakuthandi ngempela ukuba semunqubeni wabo, ngakho-ke ngemuva kokuhlaselwa, bazama ukukuqothula ngokushesha futhi basonteke. Cishe ngakho-ke, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo akuzange kuvuza izakhamizi ezingaphansi kwamanzi ngesikali.
Muva nje, ososayensi baphethe lokho myxin mucus lungasetshenziswa kwezemithi. Iqiniso ngukuthi linokwakheka okungafani namakhemikhali okusiza ukumisa ukopha. Mhlawumbe ngokuzayo, ikhambi lingenziwa ku-mucus.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Ama-myxins angawezilwane ezilandelanayo, abelwa ekilasini lama-myxines, i-oda le-myxine, nomndeni we-myxine. UKarl Linney ubesenesikhathi eside efunda lezi zilwane. Isikhathi eside, wababheka njengabahambisane nama-vertebrates. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi baphila indlela yokuphila ethokozisayo, bahlukaniswa njengezilwane zakudala. Isisekelo salesi siphetho kwakuwucwaningo lwezakhi zofuzo.
Ososayensi bafika esiphethweni sokuthi amadlozi asendulo ama-myxine anamuhla aneziqalo zomgogodla, ezazifanekiselwa yizakhi ze-cartilaginous ezingafani namalambu, athathwa njengezihlobo ezisondele kakhulu ze-myxins.
Ividiyo: UMixina
Ososayensi bakwazile ukuthola ukuthi le miswidi yasendulo yayivele ikhona emhlabeni eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-350 edlule. Kodwa-ke, laba bantu base bevele benazo iziqalo zomgogodla, kodwa-ke, babenezitho zombono ezazithuthukiswe kahle futhi zinikeze izilwane umbono omuhle kakhulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ohlelweni lokuziphendukela kwemvelo, izitho zombono zilahlekelwe umsebenzi wazo oyinhloko. Isitho esiyisisekelo esisebenza njengendawo ekhomba kuyo emkhathini yisinambuzane, esenza umsebenzi wokuthinta.
Ososayensi baphawula ukuthi kule minyaka engamakhulu amathathu kuya kwayisithupha edlule, lezi zidalwa azikashintshi kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, uma sihlaziya yonke indlela yokuziphendukela kwemvelo yezikelemu zasolwandle, kungaphawulwa ukuthi kusukela ngesikhathi bavela, abaphendukanga ngokubukeka.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Isithombe: I-Mixina noma inhlanzi yomthakathi
UMixina unokubonakala okungajwayelekile futhi okhetheke kakhulu. Ngaphandle, kufana neminenke emikhulu, noma emide noma ngeminyundu. Ubude bomzimba obuphakathi ngamasentimitha angama-40-70. Kwezinye izimo, abantu bakhula isikhathi eside.
Iqiniso elikhangayo: Lowo ophethe amarekhodi phakathi kwama-myxine asebangeni lobude bomuntu yiwo afinyelele kubude bamasentimitha ayi-127.
Kukhona impumulo eyodwa ekhanda engenayo i-pair. Umlomo obanzi kanye nekhala kungenziwa amadevu. Inani labo lihlukile kubantu abahlukile. Inani lamakhaza lingafinyelela kusuka kwezingu-5 kuye kwezingu-8. Yile amadevu asiza izilwane ukuba zihambe emkhathini futhi zenze umsebenzi wesitho sokuthinta. Izitho zombono ezilwaneni azithuthukiswanga kahle, njengoba kancane kancane zikhula ngesikhumba sobudala.
Amawayini kuma-myxine akhiqizwanga kahle, awekho emzimbeni. Isakhiwo esithandekayo sinomgodi womlomo. Ngokungafani nezilwane eziningi, ivuleka ngokuvundlile. Kunemigqa emibili yamazinyo emgodini womlomo, futhi kukhona izinyo elilodwa elingaphekiwe esifundeni sezulu.
Isikhathi eside, izazi zezilwane azikwazanga ukubona ukuthi isilwane siphefumula kanjani. Ngemuva kwezifundo eziningi, kwakwazi ukuthola ukuthi ukuphefumula kwenziwa ngekhala elilodwa. Isitho sokuphefumula siyizimbotshana. Amagilezi yizitho ezingamapuleti amaningana e-cartilage. Uhlelo lombala lwalesi simeleli sempilo yasolwandle lungahluka futhi kuya ngesifunda nendawo yokuhlala.
Yisiphi isikimu sombala esibonakala kuma-mixins:
- opinki
- zibomvu ngombala ompunga,
- nsundu
- lilac
- luhlaza okungcolile.
Isici esimangazayo sezilwane ubukhona bezimbobo abakhiqiza ngazo umquba. Ngosizo lwazo ukuthi zikwazi ukugwema ukuhlaselwa kwabazingeli nokuzingela. I-mucus ekhiqizwa yilezi zidalwa iqukethe i-keratin ne-mucin. Lezi zinto zenza ukuthi isakhiwo se-mucus sibe sikhulu, sibukeke futhi singakuvumeli ukuthi kugezwe ngamanzi.
Ama-Myxins aswele umgogodla, kanti ugebhezi luqukethe i-cartilage. Ukwakheka kwangaphakathi komzimba nakho akufani nokwakheka komzimba wabanye abahlali basolwandle. Banengqondo ezimbili nezinhliziyo ezine. Ngokumangazayo, igazi ligobhoza kuzo zonke izinhliziyo ezine. Izitho ezingeziwe zitholakala ekhanda, umsila nesibindi. Noma enye yezinhliziyo ihluleka, lokhu ngeke kuyithinte inhlala-kahle yakhe.
Ihlala kuphi i-mixin?
Isithombe: Inhlanzi yaseMixin
I-Mixina isilwane esihlala kuphela emanzini olwandle. Kwenzeka ekujuleni okuhlukahlukene. Iningi labantu ligcinwa ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-300-500. Kodwa-ke, kukhona abamele le nhlobo etholakala ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-1000. UMixina uhlala eduze nogu lolwandle, kude nolwandle alusuki. Ilungiselela izindawo ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo nesiphakemeyo.
Izindawo zezindawo zokuhlala izilwane:
E-Russia, abadobi bavame ukuhlangana naye oLwandle iBarents. Uhlobo lwe-Atlantic lwe-myxine luhlala ngaphansi koLwandle lwaseNyakatho kanye nezifunda zasentshonalanga ze-Atlantic. Izilwane zisebenzisa iningi lesikhathi sazo ezansi olwandle. Ngaphezu kwakho konke bathanda ubumba, usilika, ngaphansi kwesihlabathi. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, izilwane ziyehlela ekujuleni kwamakhilomitha angaphezu kwe-1,4 ukuhambisa ukubanda.
Manje uyazi ukuthi itholakala kuphi i -xube Masibone ukuthi udlani.
Ngabe udlani maxine?
UMixina ubhekisela ezidalweni ezihlwabusayo. Uchitha iningi lesikhathi sakhe ezansi olwandle. Kulapho azifunela khona ukudla. Imvamisa, isibungu sasolwandle simane singene kulwelwe lwasolwandle bese sibheka izinsalela zabahlali basolwandle abafile. Eenhlanzini ezifile kanye nezinye izakhamizi zasolwandle, i-myxine ingena ngokusebenzisa igebe lomlomo noma imigoqo yempi yabantu. Ngaphakathi emzimbeni, lesi silwane simane sigobe izinsalela zemisipha kusuka emathanjeni.
Ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi inhlanzi yomthakathi idla izinsalela zabahlali basolwandle abashonile, ihlasela ababuthaka, abagulayo, noma izinhlanzi ezibanjwe emanetheni okudoba. Imvamisa, ama-mixins angazingela emaphaketheni. Ngamazinyo abukhali, aququda odongeni oluseceleni lomzimba wezinhlanzi futhi adle kuqala izitho zangaphakathi, bese kuthi inyama yenyama yazo. Uma inhlanzi iqhubeka nokumelana nokubungu olwandle, imane iqale ukukhipha isibalo esikhulu somuthi omboza imithambo yegilozi. Ama-eels anegazi afa ngenxa yokuqunjelwa.
Abadobi bayazi ukuthi ezindaweni abahlala kuzo lezi zilo zasolwandle, akusizi ngalutho ukudoba, akukho lutho olungabanjwa. Ekuzingeleleni kwakho ukufuna inyamazane efanelekayo, i-mixin iqala ukuhamba kube mnyama. Udla konke okutholakala kuye njengento yokuzingela.
Okusebenza njengendawo yokuphakela:
Ngaphezu kwezakhamizi zasolwandle ezingenhla, inhlanzi yomthakathi ayizideleli ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, kubandakanya nezinhlobo ezinkulu - oshaka, amahlengethwa. Ngumvelo wakhe ukuhlasela isisulu sakhe yedwa, noma njengengxenye yeqembu lonke.
Iqiniso elikhangayo: Lapho abadobi sebekwazi ukubamba inhlanzi, ngaphakathi babengabala izinhlayiya ezingaphezu kuka-120!
Umhlambi walezi zilo zasolwandle ungaba mkhulu kakhulu. Inani lomhlambi owodwa onjalo lingafinyelela izinkulungwane eziningana.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Photo: Myxin Sea Worm
I-Mixina isilwane esimangalisa ngempela, nesithakazelisa kakhulu kubadokotela bezilwane nakubacwaningi. Ngokwemvelo, banikezwe amandla okukhiqiza ama-mucus amakhulu.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Umuntu oyedwa omdala angakhiqiza lonke ibhakede lika-mucus ngemizuzwana nje embalwa.
Njengamanje lapho umhlaseli esezokuhlasela isibungu sasolwandle, ukhipha masinyane isibalo esikhulu somumbu, okwenza kube nzima ukuthi umzingeli aphefumule.Kamuva, ngemuva kokuba umhlaseli ehluliwe, i-myxin ihlanza umzimba wayo we-mucus. Ushaya ifindo. Isilwane siqala ukuncipha kusuka emsileni, kancane kancane sihambise i-node iye ekugcineni kwekhanda. Ososayensi baqaphela ukuthi ukungabi bikho kwesikali esisiza ama-myxin ukuba ahlanze imizimba yawo ngokushesha okukhulu.
Izibungu zasolwandle zithathwa njengezilwane zasebusuku. Emini, bavame ukulala. Ngalesi sikhathi, zivame ukungcwatshwa umsila ungene ezansi. Ikhanda kuphela okusele ngaphezulu. Lapho kuqala ubumnyama, izilwane ziya ukuzingela.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Inqubo yokusabalalisa i-myxin ayiqondakali kahle. Ososayensi bakwazile ukubona ukuthi inani labesifazane ladlula kakhulu inani labesilisa. Cishe abesilisa abayisikhulu banabesilisa eyodwa nje. Emvelweni, kunabantu abaningi abanezimfanelo zocansi zowesilisa nowesifazane futhi babizwa ngokuthi i-hermaphrodites. Ngenxa yalesi sici, abasongelwa ngokuqothulwa noma ukuqothulwa. Kujwayelekile ukuthi lezi zidalwa zinqume ngokuzimela ubulili uma abesilisa benganele ukuzala.
Ngenkathi yokuzalela, izilwane ziqhubekela phambili zisuka ogwini bese zehlela ekujuleni okukhulu. Umuntu wesifazane ukhetha indawo efanelekayo yokubeka amaqanda. Owesifazane oyedwa uyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda angama-10 kuya kwangama-30 aphakathi nendawo anelesi abunjiwe kancane. Ubukhulu beqanda elilodwa bungamasentimitha amabili. Ngemuva kokuthi amaqanda abekwe, owesilisa uwavundise.
Ngokungafani nempilo yasolwandle eminingi, isibungu sasolwandle asifi ngemuva kokubeka amaqanda. Ngesikhathi sokuzalela, izinhlanzi zabathakathi azidli lutho, ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokushiya inzalo, zishesha ukubuyisa amandla asetshenzisiwe futhi zanele. UMixina ushiya inzalo amahlandla amaningana kukho konke impilo yakhe.
Ososayensi abafikanga esivumelwaneni ngokwakhiwa kwe-myxin progeny. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi banesigaba se-larval. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi akayena. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izibungu ezazalwa ngokushesha zithola ukubonakala kwabazali bazo futhi zizimele. Isilinganiso sokuphila okulindelekile kwezilo zasolwandle yiminyaka eyi-10-14.
Izitha zemvelo ze-mixin
Isithombe: I-European Merina
Kuze kube manje, ama-mixins cishe awanazitha endaweni yawo yemvelo. Izidakamizwa zasolwandle azikhombisi intshisekelo enkulu kuzo ngenxa yokuthi izinhlanzi zabathakathi zikhiqiza inani elikhulu le-muiss e-viscous. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngisho nemilomo yezidlamlilo eziyingozi ayikhethiwe kalula.
Ngenxa yokuthi lo mmeleli wempilo yasolwandle uyathandeka ngokubukeka, ayizingeli. Yize kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kwamanye amazwe, njengeJapan, iTaiwan neSouth Korea, izibiliboco ezihlwabusayo neziyindlala ziyalungiswa kusuka enyama ye-mixin. Emazweni amaningi, ama-slugs asolwandle atholakala njengezinambuzane zokudoba ezimboni.
Kuze kube manje, abantu bafundile ukusebenzisa ngisho nezidalwa ezinjengezinhlanzi zabathakathi ngezinhloso zabo. Inani labantu basogwini lwaseNyakatho Melika lihlukaniswa amandla okusebenzisa i-myxin embonini yezikhumba nokwenza kubo "isikhumba se-eel" esidume umhlaba wonke.
Iqiniso elihehayo: UMixina ukuphela komuntu wasolwandle okwazi ukuthunga. Ngalesi sakhiwo, uhlanza ikhala lakhe kuphela ku-mucus ongene kulo.
Ochwepheshe bamakhemikhali banamuhla nabasebenza embonini yezemithi bathole ikhwalithi ebaluleke kakhulu ye-acne mucus - ikhono lokusheshisa inqubo yokuqina kwegazi. Ososayensi bazama ukusebenzisa le mpahla ekhemisi futhi benza amalungiselelo aphezulu ngokususelwa kulokho. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ezimweni zemvelo, izinhlanzi zabathakathi empeleni azinazitha.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Isithombe: Inhlanzi enomthakathi, noma i-mixa
Namuhla, ososayensi baphawula ukuthi lezi zilo zasolwandle azisongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Azinazitha endle, ngoba umiyane owukhiqizayo uyisikhali esinamandla ngokumelene nezitha zanoma isiphi usayizi. Ngisho nezinyamazane ezinkulu neziyingozi azikwazi ukubhekana nama-mixins. Ngenxa yokuthi abantu abaningi bangama-hermaphrodites, banquma kalula ubulili babo ngesikhathi sokuzala. Izilo zasolwandle zingama-omnivores, zingadla ekubambeni enetheni, noma izinhlanzi ezibuthakathaka nezigulayo, nezinsalela zezakhamuzi zasemanzini.
Ngenxa yokuthi ukubukeka, kanye nezimpawu zokudla okunempilo kuyenyanyeka, abantu abazizondi. Kwezinye izindawo lapho kudotshwa khona ukuthengisa, isibungu sasolwandle sithathwa njengesinambuzane. Kuze kube manje, ngezinjongo zokuhweba, i-mixin ibanjwa kuphela eNyakatho Melika. Lapho, bayokwenza isikhumba se-eel. Kulesi sifunda, imboni yesikhumba isivele yathuthukile kahle.
Kwamanye amazwe ase-Eshiya, basazidla lezi zakhamizi zasolwandle. ENingizimu Korea, eJapan naseTaiwan, abathakathi abasezinhlanzini balungisa izinhlobo zokudla okuthosiwe. Ososayensi banamuhla bathole ukuthi umunyu wezilwane zasolwandle unempahla emangalisayo - ukusheshisa inqubo yokuqunjelwa kwegazi. Ngalesi sisekelo, kwenziwa izifundo eziningi, lapho abacwaningi bezama ukwenza amalungiselelo aphezulu ngokususelwa kule nto.
Ama-Myxins ayizidalwa ezimangalisayo ezinokuphila kwazo okuvusa isithakazelo kososayensi abaningi kanye nokwenyanya kwabantu abaningi ngasikhathi sinye. Ngenxa yekhono lokuzimela ngokuzimela ngokobulili ngesikhathi sokuzalela, kanye namandla okuvikela ngosizo lwama-mucus aminyene, ama-viscous futhi adla cishe yonke into edliwayo, angabahlali basemanzini abahlaselayo. Umuntu akakhombisi intshisekelo kubo ngenxa yokubukeka okuxakayo nendlela yakhe yokuphila. Ezifundeni eziningi lapho kutholakala khona imihlambi emikhulu yalezi zidalwa, ukudotshwa kwamafekthri kumisiwe, selokhu mixin kudala umonakalo omkhulu ekubambeni.
Incazelo
Ubude bomzimba - cm ezingama-45-70 cm.Ithambo lesikhumba i-axial - chord. Awekho amaphiko abhangqiwe. Impumulo engakhokhelwa itholakala ekugcineni kwekhanda futhi ixhumana ne-pharynx. Umlomo namakhala kuhlanganiswa yimisipha emincane enama-6-8. Izikhwama ze-Gill - ngazimbili ezi-5-16, kwezinye izinhlobo, isikhwama ngasinye sikhulumisana ne-pharynx kanye nemvelo yangaphandle; kwezinye, zivula uhlangothi ngalunye ngokuvula okuvamile. Isikhumba se-gill siqukethe inani elincane lamapuleti e-cartilage. Kucatshangelwa nokuthi isikhumba se-myxinum sishintshwa nokuphefumula kwesikhumba.
Uhlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi luvulekile, kunenhliziyo eyinhloko kanti ama-3 angeziwe, lezi zinhliziyo ezingeziwe zitholakala ekhanda, esibindini kanye nasemsileni. Ama-Mixins anolunye lwegazi eliphansi kakhulu phakathi kwe-vertebrates. Futhi banesilinganiso esiphakeme kakhulu sethamo legazi esisindisweni somzimba uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye iziteshi, cishe i-17 ml yegazi nge-100 g yesisindo. Amehlo aqiniswe yisikhumba, abona ama-myxins ngokungahambi kahle, ngoba amehlo awo mdala kakhulu, amangqamuzana ezinzwa nawo atholakala ezungeze i-cloaca.
Ama-Myxins ayakwazi ukubopha ifindo ukukhipha izingcezu zokudla, azikhulule ekubambeni, noma ahlanze umzimba we-mucus.
Ukusebenzisana kwabantu
Ama-mixins adla impela futhi afana nezinhlanzi ukunambitheka kwawo, kodwa abaningi bayenqaba ukuzama ama -xube ngenxa yokubukeka kwawo.
Zibangela ukulimala okukhulu ekudobeni. Abadobi osogwini lwaseNgilandi, eNtshonalanga Sweden naseSouthern Norway bavame ukuphoqelelwa ukuba bashintshe izindawo zokudoba, ngoba "ukuhlaselwa" kwezihlanganisi kungabashiya bengaphangi.
Banesibindi esikhulu, babekezelela ukuhlala isikhathi eside ngaphandle kwamanzi, bangalamba indlala isikhathi eside futhi bahlale bephila isikhathi eside, sebethole ukulimala okubi kakhulu.
Umnotho
Ama-systemxin afana ne-mixinics awasungulwa - iningi lezikole ze-taxonomic zinemibono yazo endaweni yazo esihlahleni se-phylogenetic seziteshi: zingase zihlanganiswe nezibani eziseqenjini (isigaba noma isiphathi esikhulu) sama-cyclostomes, noma njengamakilasi ahlukile abekwe endaweni ephakeme ye-maxillary , I-Petromyzontorphi) - emgodleni we-cranial, noma njenge-infratype ehlukile (Myxinomorphi) - kumcebo we-cranial, ngenkathi ama-minogates ngesimo se-superclass Petromyzontorphi - ku-vertebrate infratype. Kujwayelekile ukuthi ama-myxiniformes abhalwe njengama-cranial, kepha hhayi ama-vertebral, ngokunembile ngenxa yokungabikho kwezakhi zomgogodla ngesikhathi sokukhula komzimba nasebudaleni. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izinhlobo ze-myxines (leech), umgogodla watholakala, noma okungenani izakhiwo zawo zifana, ngenkathi umbuzo usalokhu mayelana nokufundwa kwawo kuya emgogodleni wangempela wama-vertebrates, futhi, ngokufanele, ngokuqondene nokuhlelwa kwe-myxine ehlelekile. Uma lezi zinhlaka zifundisa umuthi womgogodla, khona-ke ama-myxine angawama-vertebrates, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, i-cranial ibonakala ihambisana ne-vertebral, ngoba ezintweni zezibani ezingangabazeki zomgogodla wangempela ziyaziwa, futhi ngenxa yalokho, i-cranial, non-vertebral, isala.
Ukuhlukaniswa
Ukusukela ngoNovemba 2017, le mindeni nokuzalwa okulandelayo kufakiwe emndenini:
- Subfamily Eptatretinae Bonaparte, 1850
- IGenus Eptatretus Cloquet, 1819 - Leeches, noma i-leech mixins emfushane
- UGenus Heptatretus Regan, 1912
- UGenus Rubicundus Fernholm et al. , 2013
- Subfamily Myxininae Rafinesque, 1815
- IGenus Myxine Linnaeus, 1758 - ama-Mixins
- UGenus Nemamyxine Richardson, 1958 - Abahlanganisi abancane
- IGenus Neomyxine Richardson, 1953 - Neomyxins
- IGenus Notomyxine Nani & Gneri, 1951
Ngo-2019, isithako semfucumfucu yezinhlobo ze-myxine satholakala ezingxenyeni zeminyaka ecishe ibe yizigidi eziyikhulu yeLebanon. Tethymyxine tapirostrum .
Ama-mixins ayizidalwa zasolwandle ezinyanyekayo kunazo zonke. Izithombe ne-video mixin
Ehlukweni lesayensi, ama-mixins angokwesigaba seCyclostomata, futhi awazona izinhlanzi, yize abanye ososayensi begcizelela ukuthi, njengamalambu amalambu, banelungelo lokubizwa kanjalo. Isilwane saze sanamagama angekho emthethweni - "izinhlanzi zobuthakathi" kanye "ne-eel-slug".
Ama-Myxins, njengomthetho, afinyelela ukukhula kwengxenye yemitha. Umuntu omkhulu owayephula amarekhodi wayeqoshwa ngobude bomzimba obungamasentimitha ayi-127. Isilwane sinomzimba omile induna, ngaphandle kwamaphiko. Emlonyeni nasekhaleni elilodwa kukhula ama-antennae ayi-6 (kuya ngezinhlobo).
Ngokungafani ne-maxillary (umlomo uvulwa ngokuthe nkqo), umlomo we-mixin usebenza ngokuqondile. Izintuthwane ezisesifubeni zidlala umsebenzi wezokuthambisa, phela amehlo wesilwane akhule ngesikhumba.
Ukuze unxephezele ukungabi bikho kokubona, i-myxin inamaseli wezinzwa ezitholakala ekhanda naseceleni kwe-cloaca.
Sekukonke, inama-pores acishe abe yi-100 lapho ikhipha inkuku futhi yemboza yonke indawo yomzimba. Lawa ma-mucous pores abonakala kahle ezinhlotsheni ze-myxines ze-Atlantic.
I-mucus iqukethe i-keratin ne-mucin, okuyinikeza ngesakhiwo esiqinile, futhi ayigezwa ngamanzi.
By the way, le mucus asisizi kuphela isilwane ukukhasa ngaphakathi kwenhlanzi ebolayo, kodwa futhi iyasivimba, sigcwalisa umlomo kanye nomlomo. Ukuqeda lokhu, lesi silwane siboshwe ifindo, sikhasa kuso siphuma sisusa ungqimba lomucu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi ukuphela kwesilwane sasolwandle esaziwayo esifunde ukudonsa, ukukhulula ikhala.
UMexina unezinhliziyo ezi-4. Enye yazo eyisisekelo. Isistimu yokujikeleza kwedlula kuzo zonke izinhliziyo, ngakho ukwehluleka koyedwa ngeke kuqinisekise isilwane ukuthi "sisheshe" ukufa. Kunezimo lapho i-mexin ebekiwe iqhubeka ukubhukuda isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora ayi-5. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilwane isikhathi eside senza kahle ngaphandle kokudla futhi singaphila ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.
I-Myxins subclass-myxini
Ikhodi efanayo ezindaweni eziningana kubuhlungu. Namuhla ngizobhala amagama ambalwa mayelana nokuphinda izingcezu zamakilasi.
Sekuyisikhathi eside abantu beza nesixazululo - ungafaka izindlela nezakhiwo ezifanayo ekilasini elijwayelekile lesisekelo, futhi uma kungekho, sebenzisa ukungcola.
Kukhona ukusebenza kwesigidi kwaleli phethini leJavaScript, ngifuna ukucacisa indlela lapho i-mixin ingena khona ngefa lefa.
Ake siqale ngokubona inkinga yethu. Ake sithi sinamakilasi amabili ayisisekelo kanti amakilasi amabili azalwa nawo. Ngesinye isikhathi, isidingo sokusebenza okufanayo siyavela emakilasini ezingane.
I-Copte-paste ejwayelekile izobukeka kanjena kumdwebo wethu: Kwenzeka kaningi ukuthi lokhu kusebenza akuhambisani nezigaba zabazali, ngakho-ke ukukufaka ekilasini elithile lesisekelo akunangqondo futhi akulungile. Kuse endaweni ehlukile - i-mixin.
Ngokombono wolimi, i-mixin ingaba yinto ejwayelekile. Manje ake sixoxe ngomzuzu owabhalwa ngawo wonke umbhalo - ukuthi ungawumbela kanjani kahle ama-mixin ethu emakilasini.
Ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwami siqu, ngingasho ukuthi indlela elula kunazo zonke ukudala isigaba sesikhashana esuselwe ku-mixin futhi siyisuse kulayini lwefa.
- ukusebenziseka kalula
- ukucaciswa kabusha kwekhodi okuqukethwe ku-mixin,
- ukuguquguquka kokuxubeka kokuxuba, amandla okwenza ama-mixins ancike ngaphandle kobunzima obuningi,
- ukusetshenziswa kwelinye iphethini kule khodi akukuhlanganisi ukuqonda nokusekelwa kwalo, ngoba kusetshenziswa indlela yefa ekhona,
- ijubane lokungenelela - akuwona umjikelezo owodwa odingekayo ukuze kuxoxwe i-mixin ngale ndlela,
- ukusetshenziswa okuhle kwememori - awukopeli lutho
Ukubhala ikhodi
Kuzo zonke izibonelo ezilandelayo, kuzosetshenziswa ukusetshenziswa okuthile - umtapo we-Backbone.Mix. Uma ubheka ikhodi, uzothola ukuthi ilula kakhulu, ngakho-ke ungayishintsha kalula ngohlaka lwakho oluthandayo.
Ake sibheke indlela yokusebenzisa ama-mixins afakwe esiketheni sefa empilweni yangempela futhi sizwe izinzuzo zale ndlela ekusebenzeni. Cabanga nje ukuthi ubhala isiza)) futhi kwisiza sakho kunezinto ezahlukahlukene ongazivala - iziqukathi, amacebo, njll.
Siyangenelela.
var Popup = Backbone.View.mix (Kuyasondeka) .extend (<// okuthile okumangalisa lapha>), kulula, akunjalo? Manje iketanga lethu lefa libukeka kanjena:
- kuqala kuza isisekelo se-Backbone isigaba se-class
- isigaba esingaziwa sizuzwe njengefa kuso, uhlobo lwayo oluyi-mchanganyiko ongu-Clinable mixin
- uqeda iketanga isixuku sethu
Isikimu esinjalo senza kube lula kakhulu ukuchaza kabusha izindlela zokuchaza kabusha kusuka ku-mixin ekilasini elixubene nalo. Isibonelo, ungenza uPopup abhale okuthile kukhonsoli lapho kuvalwa: var Popup = Backbone.Buka.
... kepha bayasiza. Kwesinye isikhathi ukuguqa kuphuma kungabi buthakathaka, futhi enye i-mixin ibalulekile.
Ukwenza isibonelo, ake sithi singabantu abapholile futhi sibhale i-log ku-IndexedDB, futhi nathi sinayo eyethu i-mixin yalokhu - I-Loggable 🙂 var Loggable = <_log: function () <// sibhala ku-IndexedDB >>, khona-ke sizophazamisa ukuphina imixube emibili esele: i-var Popup = i-Backbone.View.mix (Kuyasondelana, Kuyathandeka).
ukunweba (<_onClickClose: function () <lokhu._super (), lo._log ('U-Popup uvalekile'), >>), is syntax ibukeka ngathi ayinzima. Kumdwebo, kuzobukeka kanjena: Njengoba ubona, iketanga lefa lizohlangana ngokulandelana kwe-oda lokuxhuma le-mixin.
Ukuxhomekeka Okuxubile
Manje ake ubheke isimo lapho umhlaziyi wethu esondela kithi futhi ethi ufuna ukuqoqa izibalo kukho konke ukuvalwa kwama-popups, ukusikisela - konke okungavalwa. Kuliqiniso, kudala saba ne-trackin Mixable yamacala anjalo, kusukela ngesikhathi sabhalisa esizeni.
var Trackable = <_track: function (umcimbi) <// thumela umcimbi ohlelweni lokuqoqa ama-analytics >> Akumangazi ukuthi sifuna ukuxhumana nge-Trackable ne-Closable, noma kunalokho kuvalwe kufanele kuncike ku-Trackable.
Njenge-Rotor-like, nxazonke, ngaphandle komlomo. Ekupheleni kokuhlafunwa, izimbotshana ezi-4 zezinsizwa: ngababili aba-2 eduze komlomo namabili ngamabili azungeze ukuvalwa kwamakhala okukhona ekugcineni komlo. I-nasohypophysial patity ixhumana ne-pharynx.
Kukhona izinyo elingaphekiwe esibhakabhakeni, ulimi oluyisidina ngemigqa emibili yamazinyo ohlangothini ngalunye. Gill ukuvuleka kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-15 ngazimbili. Izikhwama ze-gill ngazimbili ezi-5-16. I-Dorsal fin
Kuwo wonke umzimba emaphethelweni aphansi ohlangothi ngalunye kudlula ngomugqa owodwa wama-pys lysal.
Ama-mixins ayizilwane zasolwandle ezihlala emanzini apholile futhi angaphansi komhlaba oLwandle Lomhlaba.Afinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha angama-50-100. agcinwa ekujuleni kusuka kumamitha ambalwa kuya ku-500 nangaphezulu. Propagate ngokubeka ifomu le-ovoid, lifakwe kumakhompiyutha ezimpondo ngemicu emide emaphethelweni. Izilwane ezihlaselayo ezingaluma emzimbeni wesisulu. Umndeni ufaka i-4 genera.
I-RodMixins - Myxine. Iqoqo elilodwa lokuvuleka kwangaphandle kwe gill. Uhlobo lufaka izinhlobo eziyi-10 ezihlala emanzini abandayo olwandle lwe-Atlantic nase Pacific.
I-1 myxin, i-2-1 isibani sasolwandle, isibani seCaspian, i-4- isibani somfula.
I-European noma i-Atlantic mixin - M. glutinosa Linne, 1758. Ungakanani kufika ku-50 cm. Ukuphila olwandle. Kuhola indlela yokuphila yokuhlanzeka. Kugcwele amanzi atholakalayo womhlaba womabili oLwandlekazi i-Atlantic [21,27]. Alinayo inani lokuhweba.
Umlomo we-function ye-beetle-free suction, ohlangothini lomphetho onesikhumba, uhlome ngamazinyo amaningi ezimpondo. Ukuvulwa kwamakhala kusenhla kwekhanda futhi akuxhumeki ne-pharynx. Inezindawo ezivulekile ezi-7 zokuvuleka kwe-gill. Ama-gill sacs axhumana ne-subopharyngeal patity. Amehlo athuthukiswa ngokujwayelekile Kunama-fins amabili ama-dorsal.
Sisatshalaliswa emanzini afudumele womabili ama-hemispheres. Umndeni ufaka i-4 genera.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo zemidumba ephila emanzini ezwe lethu kunezinhlobo ezidlulayo nezinamanzi amasha, ukuzalwa kwazo kwenzeka emanzini amnandi enhlabathini enamatshe amatshe, izibani zesibani ziyafa ngemuva kokuqhuma. Ukuthuthuka komlenze kuhambisana ne-metamorphosis, izibungu ziqunywe ngamafushane (i-Ammocoetes), kunokwehluka okuningana kwe-morphological: azikho izinkomishi zamazinyo namazinyo, umlomo ushibilika-nje, iso lakhiwa.
Itafula elichazayo lohlobo oluphambili lomndeni
1 (2) Epuletini eyikhulu kukhona izinyo elilodwa elincane elimfushane (Umd. 57, 2) - uhlobo lwezibani zeCaspian.
2 (1) Ipuleti elingaphezulu kwamazinyo ayi-2-3.
3 (6) Kunamazinyo ama-2 epuletini eyikhulu.
4 (5) Elucwecweni oluhle lwamazinyo ayi-2 aseduze (Fig. 57, 1) - izibani zezibani zoLwandle zohlobo.
6 (3) Eplatini elikhulukazi kukhona amazinyo ama-3 - 2 ezinhlangothini no-1 amakhulu, athuthukiswe kahle, maphakathi (Fig. 57, 3) - uhlobo lweTrekhzubyeminogi.
1 - Isibani se-sea sea, 2-1 isibani seCaspian, isibani somfula 4, isibani se-Pacific, 6- Isibani se-Siberian, ipuleti le -mandibular, ipuleti le-bmmibibular amazinyo
URod Lamprey - I-Petromyzon. Ipuleti elikhulukazi lifushane ngendlela yamazinyo amabili ahlanganayo. Ipuleti le-mandibular linamazinyo angama-7-8. Amazinyo we-labial maningi (Fig. 51, 1). Induku ifaka ukubukwa okukodwa.
Seahorn - P.marinus Linne, 1758. Ifinyelela kubude obuyi-1 m (bheka. Fig. 56, 2) Ukuhamba ngezinyawo kungakha amafomu okuhlala. Inhlama inhlanzi, idla igazi nenyama. Sisatshalaliswa engxenyeni esenyakatho yoLwandlekazi i-Atlantic.
Ogwini lwaseYurophu kuya enyakatho ifinyelela eNyakatho Norway, eningizimu kuya oLwandle i-Adriatic, ogwini lwaseMelika - ukusuka eSouth Greenland kuya eFlorida [21, 27, 31, 37].
Emanzini ezwe lethu, akuvamile ukutholakala endaweni eseBaltic Sea.
URod Caspian uthi - I-Caspiomyzon. Ipuleti eliyinqaba lifushane, linezinyo eli-1. Ipuleti le-Mandibular lamazinyo ayi-5.
ICaspian aminopoda - uC. Wagneri (Kessler, 1870). Yakha amafomu ama-2: amakhulu - ama-37-55 cm ubude namancani - 19-30 cm.Ayihlaziyi inhlanzi. Idla kuma-invertebrates, i-detritus, i-algae. Kusatshalaliswa emgodini woLwandle lweCaspian.
URod Minogi - uLampetra. Ipuleti elisabisayo libanzi, futhi linamazinyo amabili akhiwe eceleni komphetho.
Itafula elichazayo lezinhlobo eziyinhloko zozibani
I-1 (4) i-midal lateral yamazinyo amathathu, amazinyo aphansi nawelebhu angekho.
3 (2) Amazinyo aluhlaza cwe. Ubude bomzimba bufika ku-16 cm - i-European brook lamprey.
4 (1) Amazinyo aphakathi nendawo ayi-bifid. Kunamazinyo amancane we-labial - Pacific aminopus.
UMfula aminopoda - L.fluviatilis (Linne, 1758). Amazinyo e-labial angaphakathi aphakathi naphakathi ayindawo kathathu. Amazinyo we-labial asezingeni eliphansi nangaphandle awekho. Kubantu abangakakhuli, amazinyo abukhali (bheka umkhi. 56, 57).
Bakha amafomu ama-2: amakhulu (amaphakathi ubude ama-31- 34 cm) futhi amancanyana (isilinganiso esilingana nobude be-22-23 cm). Ubukhulu obukhulu buyi-40.5cm. Kuhola indlela yokuphila edlulayo. Ungakwazi ukuhlakulela izinhlanzi.
I-European brood lamprey - L.planeri (Bloch, 1784). Ihluke kwisibani somfula esinamazinyo amfushane nosayizi abancane: ubude babantu abadala bude bufika ku-16 cm. Le yinhlanzi enamanzi amasha. Abadala abondli. Kutholakala emigodini yemifula efanayo lapho kuhlala khona ama-lamprey. E-USSR, emifuleni emincane nemifudlana esezansi yolwandle iBaltic neVolga engenhla.
Pacific, Arctic Sea lamprey - L. japonica (Martens, 1868) . Akunazinyo langaphandle le-labal langaphandle. Amazinyo ezindebe aphansi asesimweni somucu omfishane womugqa owodwa wamazinyo amancane.
UMixina. I-Mixins yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Akusizo zonke izidalwa ezisemhlabeni ezibizwa ngokuthi "ezinengekayo kunazo zonke." I-inintebrate mixin inezinye amagama athiwayo: “i-eel-slug”, “isibungu sasolwandle” kanye “nenhlanzi yabathakathi”. Ake sizame ukuthola ukuthi umhlali ongaphansi kwamanzi uthole imali engakanani.
Uma ubheka isithombe se-mixin, awusoze washo ukuthi ungubani: isibungu esikhulu, umnkantsh 'obomvu ngaphandle kwegobolondo, noma uhlobo lwezinhlanzi. Ukubukeka okungajwayelekile kakhulu kwalesi silo sasolwandle.
Kodwa-ke, ososayensi sebevele benqumile. Babephethe i-mixin ekuxhumaniseni phakathi kwezibungu nenhlanzi. Lesi sidalwa esingajwayelekile sibizwa ngokuthi yi-vertebrate, yize ingenayo i-vertebrae. Kukhona ithambo lesikhumba kuphela. Isigaba se-mixins kulula ukunquma, isidalwa sihlukaniswa ngokuthi ama-cyclostomes.
Isilwane sinesakhiwo sangaphandle esingajwayelekile. Ama-Myxins, njengomthetho, anobude bomzimba ngamasentimitha angama-45-70. Ezimweni ezingavamile, khula isikhathi eside. Kuze kube manje, kurekhodiwe ngamasentimitha ayi-127.
Ikhala ngaphandle kwensimbi lihlobisa ikhanda. Emlonyeni nasemakhaleni, izimpondo ziyakhula. Imvamisa kukhona ama-6-8 awo. Lezi zimpondo ziyisitho esiwubala wesilwane, ngokungafani namehlo, lawo emxholweni agqunywe yisikhumba. Amapulangwe kubantu abahlala ngaphansi kwamanzi awakhiwa.
Umlomo we-myxin, ngokungafani nezilwane ezaziwa kakhulu, uvula ubheke phezulu. Emlonyeni ungabona imigqa emi-2 yamazinyo nezinyo elilodwa elingaphekiwe esibhakabhakeni.
Isikhathi eside, ososayensi behluleka ukuqonda ukuthi i-myxin iphefumula kanjani. Ngenxa yalokho, kwavela ukuthi ngekhala elilodwa. Isitho sabo sokuphefumula ngama-gill, aqukethe amapuleti amaningi we-cartilaginous.
Umbala "wesilo sasolwandle" uxhomeke kakhulu endaweni yokuhlala, kaningi emvelweni ungathola imibala elandelayo:
Isici esiyingqayizivele ukuba khona kwezimbobo ezifihla umunyu. Zitholakala ikakhulukazi emaphethelweni aphansi omzimba we "fish fish". Lesi yisitho esibaluleke kakhulu kuwo wonke ama-myxin, siyasiza ekuzingeleni ezinye izilwane futhi singabi izisulu zezinyamazane.
Ukwakheka kwangaphakathi kwe-myxin nakho kuyathakazelisa. Umhlali ongaphansi kwamanzi unobuchopho ezimbili nezinhliziyo ezine. Izitho ezi-3 ezingeziwe zitholakala ekhanda, umsila nesibindi se- “monster sea”. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igazi lidlula kuzo zonke izinhliziyo ezine. Uma omunye wabo ehluleka, lesi silwane singakwazi ukuqhubeka nokuphila.
Esithombeni, ukwakheka kwengxubevange
Ngokusho kososayensi, eminyakeni engamakhulu amathathu edlule, i-mixin ayikashintshi. Kungukubonakala kwakhe kwezinto zakudala ezethusayo abantu, yize ngaphambili izakhamizi ezinjalo zazingajwayelekile.
Ngingayitholaphi i-mixin? Kuyavela, hhayi kude nolwandle:
- ENyakatho Melika
- IYurophu
- IGreenland
- I-East Greenland.
Umdobi waseRussia angahlangana naye oLwandle iBarents. I-Atlantic mixin ihlala ngaphansi koLwandle lwaseNyakatho nasentshonalanga ye-Atlantic. Izakhamizi ezingaphansi kwamanzi zithanda ukujula kwamamitha ayi-100-500, kepha kwesinye isikhathi zitholakala ekujuleni kwamakhilomitha.
Esikhathini sasemini, ama-mixins akhetha ukulala. Ngengxenye engezansi yomzimba, angcwatshwa kusilika, kusale ingxenye yekhanda kuphela ngaphezulu. Ebusuku, izimpethu zasolwandle ziya ukuzingela.
Ngokulungile, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi kunzima ukubiza ukuzingela okugcwele. "Izinhlanzi ezinobuthaka" cishe njalo zihlasela kuphela izinhlanzi ezigulayo nezingakwazi ukuzilambisa. Isibonelo, kulabo abaphe izingodo zokudoba noma amanetha okudoba.
Uma isisulu singakwazi ukumelana, "isilo sasolwandle" siyasivimbela. Ukhuphuka ngaphansi kwama-gill, i-myxinum seces mucus. Amagileli ayayeka ukusebenza ngendlela ejwayelekile kanti ohlukumezekile abulawa wukugcwala.
Ama-Mixins angakhiqiza ibhakede elicishe ligcwele umumbu ngeminithi
Abadidiyeli ngokwabo abakuthandi ngempela ukuba semunyungweni wabo, ngakho-ke ngemuva kokuhlaselwa, bazama ukukukhipha masisha futhi kusontwe. Cishe ngakho-ke, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo akuzange kuvuza izakhamizi ezingaphansi kwamanzi ngesikali.
Muva nje, ososayensi bafinyelele esiphethweni sokuthi i-myxin mucus ingasetshenziswa kwezemithi. Iqiniso ngukuthi linokwakheka okungafani namakhemikhali okusiza ukumisa ukopha. Mhlawumbe ngokuzayo, ikhambi lingenziwa ku-mucus.