I-Acacia hothouse ayisona isitshalo nhlobo, kepha isicabucabu, esibizwa nangokuthi yisicabucabu sasekhaya saseMelika. Isikhathi eside, le nhlobo yayibizwa ngokuthi i-Theridion tepidariorum.

Namuhla, lezi zicabucabu zingabantu bendabuko - zisatshalaliswa kuwo wonke uMhlaba, kepha ekuqaleni zazihlala eMelika Ephakathi naseNingizimu Melika, kanye naseMexico.

Ukubukeka kwe-acherania hothouse

Abesifazane bafinyelela ku-5-8 mm ubude, kanti abesilisa abadluli ku-3.8-4.7 mm. Isisu sowesifazane sivuvukele, sikhulu, engxenyeni yaso ephezulu kukhona isibalo esisetshenziselwa igama elithi "V" noma "U".

Endaweni yesitho esigoqayo, isisu sinciphile. Abesilisa bancane, futhi umbala wabo umnyama mnyama. I-paws yokuqala yama-paws cishe ayizikhathi ezi-3 ubude kunomzimba.

Umbala uhluka kusuka kokumhlophe uye kumnyama. Isisu sinombala ophuzi onamachashazi amhlophe noma ampunga. I-Scutellum ne-cephalothorax nsundu-nsundu enamabala amnyama. Kwabesifazane, ama-paws aphuzi ngamasongo ansundu noma ansundu emalungeni, kuyilapho emadodeni izitho zinemibala onsundu.

Indlela yokuphila eluhlaza okotshani

Lezi zicabucabu zisebenza unyaka wonke. Baphumula emaphethelweni wewebhu noma ngaphezulu. Isicabucabu silindele inyamazane phakathi kwewebhu. Lapho isisulu siwela kuwebhu esigcawini, isicabucabu sasekhaya laseMelika siphonsa imicu enamathela kuso ukuze simboze inyamazane ngokwedlulele, bese siyidonsela enkabeni yewebhu.

Izicabucabu zaseMelika ezifuywayo zidla izimpukane, omiyane, izicabucabu, amakhethini, amacimbi, izimpukane zamahhashi, izimbungulu, amakhokho, amaqhude, nokunye. Imvamisa, lezi spider zibamba izisulu zikhulu ngokwedlula usayizi wazo. IGreenhouse acheranias ihlala isikhathi esingangonyaka.

Acherania hothouse kanye ne-web yayo

Uma isicabucabu singafumani inyamazane kwinethiwekhi, sakha iwebhu ezindaweni ezahlukene size ithole indawo efanelekile. Iwebhu engafuneki imbozwe ngothuli kanye nesendlalelo sodoti. Imvamisa, i-acherania hothouse ifaka iwebhu phakathi kwamakona amabili asondelene ezindongeni. Kwesinye isikhathi izicabucabu eziningana zenza ama-cobwebs eduzane. Ngenxa yalokhu, wonke ama-sill noma ekhoneni angaba kuwebhu. Amanethiwekhi amvamisa enziwa ngabesifazane, kepha uma owesifazana ekhasa engena endaweni kamakhelwane wakhe, lapho-ke uyoba yisisulu sakhe. Kepha abesilisa nabesifazane bangahlala isikhathi eside inethiwekhi eyodwa.

Ososayensi baqaphele ukuthi ama-acheranias abamba ukushisa aguqula ukwakhiwa kwewebhu. Izicabucabu zingafaka iwebhu ngezindlela ezihlukile: uma zithembela ekuzingeleni, izisulu ezihamba kancane, zinamathisela iwebhu ngokubuthaka, futhi uma zizingela ukundiza inyamazane esheshayo, iwebhu ihlelwe ngokuqinile.

Uma isicabucabu sizingela ngaphansi kophahla, silungisa iwebhu ngokuqinile, futhi uma iwebhu yenziwa phansi, khona-ke asikho isidingo sokuqinisa iwebhu. Kuzona zombili lezi zigameko, izicabucabu zisebenzisa izinto ezifanayo, okungukuthi, amandla okubopha ahambisana nesici sokuqamba.

Lesi sici sesicabucabu sasinentshisekelo kakhulu konjiniyela, futhi base beqale ukubheka ama-polymers angaba nezakhiwo eziwasebenzelayo ngaphandle kokushintsha ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kokuqukethwe.

Ukuzala izicabucabu zasekhaya zaseMelika

Isikhathi sokuzala se-Acherania hothouse ezindaweni ezifudumele sithatha unyaka wonke. Insikazi yenza iwebhu endaweni esecashile, kuyo ibeka ukhukhunathi ngamaqanda. I-cocoon inesimo esime ngethanga, ububanzi bayo bungamamilimitha ayi-6,5, kanti umbala onsundu. Ukhukhunathi ngamunye uqukethe amaqanda ayi-100 kuye kwangama-600. Ngenkathi, insikazi ingagalela cocoons eziningana.

Izinga lokukhula kwamaqanda lincike esikhathini samahora kosuku, isikhathi eside ngosuku, amaqanda akhula ngokushesha. Lapho ama-nymphs ephuma amaqanda, awashiyi isidleke. Esigabeni sobudala bokuqala, abantu abasha abondli; esigabeni sesibili, bahlala ku-cocoon ngenkathi kukhona izinsalela zamaqanda.

Izicabucabu zishiya isidleke, zindiza kuma-cobwebs asuswe yimikhosi yomoya. Kulesi sigaba sempilo, izinga lokufa eliphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwezicabucabu zaseMelika ezifuywayo liyabonakala. Ngaphezu kwe-65% yezingane zonke azikwazi ukuqhubeka ziphila ngokuthomba.

Izinzuzo kanye nokulimala kwe-acherania hothouse kubantu

Lezi zicabucabu ziwusizo ngoba zichitha omiyane, izimpukane, omiyane nezinye izinambuzane eziyingozi.

Izicabucabu zaseMelika ezifuywayo azinalo ulaka, ukulunywa kuyaqabukela, kepha ubuthi bazo bungaba yingozi kubantu, ngoba lezi spider ezifuywayo zingezomndeni wesicabucabu somfelokazi. Isilonda singakheka endaweni elimele noma ukulunywa yizicubu. Kwaqoshwa icala lokungazwakali kahle kokulunywa yisicabucabu sasekhaya saseMelika.

Kungani izicabucabu zilusizo (+ Izithombe)

Izicabucabu ziletha izinzuzo ezinkulu esizeni, ngosuku olulodwa, umuntu oyedwa angabamba izinambuzane eziyingozi ezingama-400 kuwebhu yakhe, ngakho-ke awudingi ukuqeda ama-cobwebs uma esemithini, uthango, njll.

Indima yezicabucabu iphezulu kakhulu yonke indawo: ezivandeni zezihlahla, ezingadini zasekhishini, emasimini nasezivinini, lapho zidla khona izitezi zezinyawo, amaqabunga amaqabunga, izimbungulu, izimbungulu nezinye izinambuzane. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi izicabucabu zikwazi ukuthola izinambuzane, phansi nangaphansi kohlwini olukhanyayo. Inani lezicabucabu likhuphuka ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo, lapho ezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye zisekhona noma zimbalwa ngenani. Izicabucabu azidideki ngenxa yokushisa okuphansi, ngoba ziyamelana nazo.

Uphahla lwezindlu zaseLondon luhlongoza ukuba luguqulwe lube izingadi

Umuntu wesicabucabu wenza ukulimala okuncane, futhi inzuzo inkulu. Zimbalwa izicabucabu ezinobuthi; lokhu, empeleni, kuyingozi kubantu abahlala lapho kunezicabucabu eziningi ezinobuthi. Izicabucabu ezizinze ezindlini zimboza izindonga zezindawo zethu zokuhlala nge-web. Akukho okunye ukulimala.

Izicabucabu zinobunzima: usuku ngalunye aludli okungaphansi kwesisindo salo. Lapho ukuzingela kuphumelela ikakhulukazi, ezinye izicabucabu ezivela kuhlobo lwe-Araneus (futhi phakathi kwazo isiphambano sethu esijwayelekile) zibanjwa enetheni ... izinambuzane ezingamakhulu amahlanu ngosuku. Izimpukane zinqoba kulokhu kubanjwa.

Futhi manje sesizobala: ehlathini noma endaweni eduzane, endaweni eyihektare, okungukuthi, esikweleni esingamamitha ayikhulu ngekhulu, kuvame ukuhlala isigidi (emahlathini aseBryansk), nasezindaweni (eNgilandi, ngokwesibonelo) wezigidi ezinhlanu zonke izinhlobo zezicabucabu! Uma sonke isicabucabu ukusuka ekuphumeni kwelanga kuze kube sekushoneni kwelanga ngeke sibambe amakhulu ayisihlanu (lokhu, ngokusobala, kuyinto eseduzane nerekhodi), kepha okungenani izimpukane ezimbili (lokhu kuqinisekile) futhi sidedele ukuba izicabucabu zikhulu ngokuphindwe kayinkulungwane (isilinganiso samahektha ayisihlanu ngehektha) , khona-ke zingaki lezi zinambuzane eziqalekisiwe ezifa nsuku zonke kuwo wonke amamitha skwele wezwe lethu? Ubuncane bendiza eyodwa, nobukhulu - ezindaweni lapho kukhona khona izicabucabu eziningi - izinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amabili namashumi amahlanu zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane. Okuyingozi kakhulu.

Uma ukuthandile lokhu, sikunikeza ukukhethwa kwezinto ezinhle kakhulu esizeni sethu ngokusho kwabafundi bethu. Ukukhetha - TOP mayelana nokwakhiwa kwezindawo zokuhlala ezikhona, izifunda ezingama-Tribal, umlando wazo wendalo nakho konke mayelana nezindlu ze-eco ongazithola lapho uthokomele kakhulu i-VKontakte noma i-Facebook. .

Ungasusa kanjani izigcawu endlini yangasese ngezindlela ezingabizi

Izilwane zasendle ezisizungezile zifanekelwa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezilwane, izitshalo, isikhunta, ama-microorganisms. Uhlobo ngalunye lukhona njengomphakathi wenani elikhulu labamele.

Okufanayo kusebenza kuma-arachnids. Zingaphezu kwenkulungwane izinhlobo zezicabucabu ezijwayelekile emvelweni, kepha umuntu uvame ukuhlangana nezinhlobo ezimbili ezihlala ezindlini, isicabucabu esimpunga nesimnyama. Yize lezi zilwane zingenabungozi futhi zivame ukuzuzisa kunokuba zilimaze, hhayi bonke abantu abajabule ngale ndawo, ngakho-ke baqala ukubheka izindlela zokususa izicabucabu emizini yabantu.

Endlini yangasese

Njengazo zonke ezinye izilwane, izicabucabu zithanda ukuhlala lapho kunokudla okwanele khona. Ukudla kubo yizimpukane, amaphela, amabhu, amashiya, izintuthwane nezinye izinambuzane ezincane. Ngakho-ke, impi yokulwa nezicabucabu kufanele iqale ngokubhujiswa kokudla okungenzeka kube nakho:

• Fafaza amabhodi e-skirting kanye namakhona ngama-aerosols kusuka ezinambuzaneni ezinwabuzelayo. Lesi senzo sesizovele sinciphise isibalo sesicabucabu, ngoba imali enjalo ingukudla kwawo wonke umuntu.
• Chitha izinambuzane ezinwabuzelayo ngamakhrayoni akhethekile namagiya.
• Usebenzisa isilonda sendwangu emanzi ezungeze induku noma i-mop, ukuqoqa wonke ama-cobwebs asendlini. Kulesi sigaba, kubalulekile ukuthi ungagijimeli ukuze izicabucabu ziwele ogibeni lwethu kanye newebhu. I-rag isuswe ngokucophelela emgwaqweni futhi ichitheke kanye nokuqukethwe.

Fafaza i-acid ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo izicabucabu.

• Hlanza njalo ngesicoci se-vacuum. Kuyasiza ukususa ibhulashi kusihlanza se-vacuum, futhi, usebenza ngepayipi kuphela, vimbela amabhodi e-skirting (ikakhulukazi lawo ophahleni) kanye nasemakhoneni.
• Amalungiselelo e-Aerosol asuselwa ku-chlorpyrifos noma i-boric acid nawo angasetshenziswa. Zenzelwe ukulwa nezicabucabu nezintuthwane. Ithuluzi licubungula amakhona nezindonga, ngaphambilini ngaphandle kokufinyeleleka komoya omusha. Ngemuva kwamahora ama-3, ungenza umoya omncane kanye nokuhlanza igumbi.
• Kukhona izinto ezidayisa i-ultrasonic ezingenangozi ekusebenziseni komuntu.
• Izicabucabu azikwazi ukumelana nokuhogela ngopende. Uke wabona ukuthi ngemuva kokulungiswa akubonakali isikhathi eside? Iqiniso ngukuthi ama-insecticides abulala izinambuzane ahlala engezwa kuma-adhesives wesimanje wesithombe.

Lokhu kuyathakazelisa: Amakhambi amahle kakhulu ngokumelene nama-arachnids

Ekhishini

Emakamelweni, zonke lezi zinyathelo ezingenhla ziyasebenza futhi.

Kodwa-ke, amakhethini amaningi avame ukuba nendawo engaphansi ne-attic, okufanele futhi anakekelwe lapho kulwa nezicabucabu.

• Isisekelo esingaphansi kufanele sihlanzwe ngawo wonke udoti ovame ukuqongelela lapho iminyaka edlule.
• Kuyadingeka ukuqoqa futhi uchithe wonke ama-cobwebs.
• Uma kunokwenzeka - bopha izindonga nophahla. Izicabucabu azikwazi ukuhogela iphunga lazo, futhi lesi sinyathelo esilula sizokusindisa unomphela ebukhoneni bazo.

Engadini

Ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba, izicabucabu zivame ukuhlala ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, ngoba izimo ezithandeka kakhulu zenzelwe zona futhi kukhona ukudla njalo.

• Udinga ukuqala umlo ngokuhlanza izindawo ezilungele ukuluka iwebhu, kanye nezindawo ezivikelekile lapho izicabucabu zihlela khona izidleke ngokuzithandela.
• Izicabucabu ze-Ovipositor zibukeka njengamabhola amhlophe asongelwe ngama-cobwebs. Kufanele zitholakale futhi zichithwe.
• Ukuze ulwe, ungasebenzisa wonke amakhemikhali angenhla.
• Izicabucabu azithandi iphunga le-peppermint, ngakho-ke ungatshala lesi sitshalo ukuze usabise kude.

Engadini noma engadini yezimbali

Ukulwa nezicabucabu engadini noma engadini yezimbali, ungasebenzisa zonke lezi zinyathelo ezingenhla ngawodwana noma ngesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi. Into esemqoka okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali akunakwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ngoba izinyosi nezinye izimbali ezithutha impova zizohlushwa amakhemikhali ngamanani amakhulu.

Isidingo sokuba khona kwezicabucabu ezimpilweni zethu

Inzuzo eyinhloko iletha izicabucu ukubhujiswa kwezinambuzane eziyingozi. Izicabucabu ziyizidalwa ezinomusa, nsuku zonke zonke izicabucabu zidla ukudla okuningi njengoba zizikala. Isibonelo, isiphambano siyakwazi ukubamba enetheni lwaso bese sidla izinambuzane ezingafika ku-500 ngosuku, iningi lazo liyizimpukane. Futhi akukufanele ukukhuluma ngobungozi bezimpukane.

Ukulimala okungenzeka kusuka kuzicabucabu

Lokhu kuyathakazelisa: Ngabe izicabucabu ezisefulethini zikhathazekile? Siyakwazi okufanele sikwenze!

Wonke umuntu uhlangana nezicabucabu nsuku zonke. Futhi wonke umuntu uzikhethela yena lokhu noma lokho kuziphatha ngokuqondene nalezi zilwane. Ngaphambi kokuphakamisa isandla sakho futhi ubulale isicabucabu esincane, khumbula ukuthi ukwesaba okuvame kakhulu kuthi kithi ukuthi izicabucabu zingabangane abaningi babantu kunezitha. Kungahle kube lula ukumhambisa endaweni ephephile kuye bese umyeka?

Yini ukusetshenziswa kwezicabucabu?

Umuntu wesicabucabu wenza ukulimala okuncane, futhi inzuzo inkulu. Zimbalwa izicabucabu ezinobuthi; lokhu, empeleni, kuyingozi kubantu abahlala lapho kunezicabucabu eziningi ezinobuthi. Izicabucabu ezizinze ezindlini zimboza izindonga zezindawo zethu zokuhlala nge-web. Akukho okunye ukulimala.

Futhi izinzuzo zinhle. Izicabucabu zinobunzima: usuku ngalunye aludli okungaphansi kwesisindo salo. Lapho ukuzingela kuphumelela ikakhulukazi, ezinye izicabucabu ezivela kuhlobo lwe-Araneus (futhi phakathi kwazo isiphambano sethu esijwayelekile) zibanjwa enetheni ... izinambuzane ezingamakhulu amahlanu ngosuku. Izimpukane zinqoba kulokhu kubanjwa.

Futhi manje sesizobala: ehlathini noma endaweni eduzane, endaweni eyihektare, okungukuthi, isikwele samamitha ayikhulu ngekhulu, kuvame ukuhlala isigidi (emahlathini aseBryansk), nasezindaweni (eNgilandi, ngokwesibonelo) izigidi ezi-5 zonke izinhlobo zezicabucabu! Uma isicabucabu ngasinye kusukela ekuphumeni kwelanga kuya ekushoneni kwelanga ngeke sibambe ngisho nama-500 (lokhu, ngokusobala, kumayelana nerekhodi), kepha okungenani izimpukane ezimbili (lokhu kuqinisekile) futhi sidedele izicabucabu ukuba zibe zincane izikhathi eziyinkulungwane (isilinganiso samahektha ayi-5 ngehektha) , khona-ke zingaki lezi zinambuzane eziqalekisiwe ezifa nsuku zonke kuwo wonke amamitha skwele wezwe lethu? Ubuncane bendiza eyodwa, nobukhulu - ezindaweni lapho kukhona khona izicabucabu eziningi - izinkulungwane ezingama-250 zazo zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane, eziyingozi kakhulu.

Kepha impukane, kubonakala kungenangozi kangako. Lapho bembona kakhulu futhi bemhlola ngokucophelela, behlome ngesibonakhulu, bashaqeka. Lesi sinambuzane i-apocalypse emsulwa! Babalwa amagciwane ayizigidi ezingama-26 emzimbeni wempukane iyodwa! Futhi lezo ezimbi kakhulu ezigulisa abantu ngesifo sofuba, i-anthrax, ikholera, umkhuhlane we-typhoid, udayi kanye nezibungu ezahlukahlukene. Lapho ihlobo lishisa, impukane eyodwa iveza izizukulwane eziyisishiyagalolunye zohlobo lwayo. Futhi inani labo liphindaphindeka lisuka kuyunithi ngayinye liya izimpukane ezingama-5,000,000,000,000! Ngo-ekwindla, iplanethi yonke ibizogcwala izimpukane ngokuphelele, futhi phezu kwephunga lale mfucumfucu bekuzothunyelwa ngenani lezimpukane ezihlala emhlabeni. Ubuntu, mhlawumbe, konke kuzoshabalala. Izitha zezimpukane kuphela, ikakhulukazi izicabucabu, ezisisindisa ebubini obunjalo.

Isiphetho esivela kule arithmetic elula kubonakala sicacile: nakekela izicabucabu! Mhlawumbe eziningi zazo azinalo uzwela. Mhlawumbe umuzwa wobuntu obumnandi uthola ukwaneliseka kwayo ezinhlotsheni ezihluke ngokuphelele zokuphila. Mhlawumbe ... Kepha ubuhlakani bomuntu buhlala bunamandla wokuqala, futhi ngenxa yalokho wonke umuntu kufanele akhumbule: isicabucabu singumngane kumuntu!

Izicabucabu zilungele thina ngoba zibhubhisa izimpukane. Yini enye abahle ngayo?

IWebhu emangalisayo. Futhi, maye, eminyakeni yethu yokusebenzisa, asiyisebenzisi. Ebuka isicabucabu, indoda yakudala yafunda ukusonta, mhlawumbe. Futhi uma engazange (ebuka isicabucabu!), Khona-ke iphutha akuyona isicabucabu, esibeka isibonelo esihle lapha. Ngandlela-thile, le ndlela yafundwa, futhi baqala ukufuna impahla yendwangu lapha nalaphaya: baphonsa ilineni elidala elicolekileyo, elidumile ezindala, kusuka ezintanjeni ze-byssus zamamollusks asolwandle, asuselwa koboya bezimbuzi, ezinqameni nasemakameleni. Bese kuthi ngengozi kwenzeke ngengozi: ngosuku lwehlobo, i-Chinese Empress yadonsa ukhukhunathi lwesiqholo sesilika ekhomishini yetiye elinamazipho ahlonishwayo - kanti i- cobweb yayelula futhi yolula! Amakhethini alawo akhanyayo, athambisa futhi amangaza umhlaba ngobukhazikhazi besilika eliyigugu.

Kepha yini usilika wabo uma uqhathanisa nalezo izigcawu ezigcwalisa amahlathi ethu kakhulu?

Okuhlangenwe nakho okunjalo. Lo mkhuba manje usukhona.

“I-Satin yoLwandle lwase-East” - i -thong-hai-tuan-tse, eyake yaziwa njengendwangu eqinile kakhulu - ngokusobala, yayiqoshwe spider webs, hhayi izicabucabu.

Kuthiwa ngoMashi 1665 izimfunda nezingcingo eziseduze naseMerseburg zambozwa ngochungechunge olukhulu lwezicabucabu ezithile futhi kusukela lapho "abesifazane bemizana eseduze bazenzela umhlanga nemhlobiso ehlukahlukene."

Futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uLouis XIV, inkosi yaseFrance, iphalamende laseMontpelfer wethula amasheya namagilavu ​​avela ezintanjeni ezi-silky zezicabucabu zaseFrance. Amagilavu ​​wewebhusayithi anamangalisa athumele uJosephine, isithandwa sikaNapoleon, isiCreole esiqhingini saseMauritius.

Ngasikhathi sinye, ngaphezu kweminyaka eyikhulu edlule, isazi semvelo esidumile uD'Origny sigcotshwe ngama-pantals kuwebhu zezicabucabu zaseBrazil. Wazigqoka isikhathi eside, kepha azange aphele amandla. Kuzo, u-D'Origny weza emhlanganweni weFrance Academy. Kepha iFrance Academy ayimangazi ibhulukwe kusuka kuwebhu: ibisivele izibonile izimangaliso ezinjalo futhi yaze yaxoxa nombuzo wokuthi ngabe incoma imboni eyaluka iwebhu njengeyintambo kasilika.

Othile uBon, "uMongameli weChamber of Accounts eMontpellier," eminyakeni engama-260 eyedlule, wethule umbiko e-Academy of Sciences eParis.Kuyo, amakhasi amaningi, wachaza izisekelo zokuswayipha nokwenza izindwangu ezivela kuwebhu, futhi wanamathisela ngamabili amabhulukwe okusiza okubukwayo kulo mbiko: amasheya namagilavu.

Isikole sikhethe ikhomishini, eyayiyalwe ukuba ifundisise kabanzi iqiniso kanye nokuthi inzuzo yama-spider silkworms kanye ne-silkworms. UReaumur, oyilungu lale khomishini, uthole iwebhu ilungele ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni, kodwa wanquma ukuthi izicabucabu zalapha ekhaya, zaseFrance azizange zifake imicu yobude obufunayo. Ubalile: kuyadingeka ukucubungula izicabucabu ezingama-522-663 ukuthola iphawundi elilodwa lesicabucabu, futhi uma kukhiqizwe izimboni kuzothatha izindimbane zesicabucabu namafu ezimpukane ukubondla - ngaphezu kokuba indiza yonke iFrance.

"Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka isikhathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuthola izicabucabu ezinikeza usilika oluningi kunalezo ezivame ukutholakala esifundazweni sethu" (Rene Antoine Reaumur).

Izicabucabu ezinje zisheshe zatholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo. Abahambi batshela: kwiwebhusayithi yabo izinyoni ziyabanjwa! Isigqoko sekhokho siklenga kuso - futhi asiphuli! Aqinile kakhulu ama-spider webs. Futhi isicabucabu esisodwa enyangeni sikhipha kalula amakhilomitha amathathu kuya amane entambo enjalo.

Lezi zicabucabu ezimangalisayo zabizwa ngokuthi ama-nephils. Imvelo ayizange ivele emaphepheni noma kumathalente ayewadinga abeluki, futhi ngomusa ibanikeze nephil nawo.

Isicabucabu seMadagascar nefila, esinamabele egolide nemilenze ebomvu evuthayo ku- "amasokisi" amnyama, siphonsa iwebhu ekhanyayo yegolide. U-Huge (kanye nemilenze - enozinti omkhulu), yena, njengendlovukazi enkulu, uphumula ekhaphethini owakhiwe kusuka ku "boya "begolide, uzungezwe imifudlana yesilisa engafani nsaga (owesimame unesisindo esingama-gram amahlanu kanti umyeni wakhe uphindwe kayinkulungwane - 4-7 milligrams!).

Umlingani wethu, uMiklouho-Maclay odumile, wayengowokuqala phakathi kwabaseYurophu ukubona nokuchaza ukuthi ilusizo luni lwabantu bewebhu abathole eNew Guinea. Akujwayelekile ukuthi izindaba eziningi ngaye zihlangatshezwe ngokungabethembi okukhulu. Ingxenye yesine yeminyaka ngemuva kokushona kukaMiklouho-Maclay, umqoqi weBritish Museum of Natural History A. Pratt wafika nendodana yakhe emahlathini afanayo aseGuinea futhi bahlala khona iminyaka emibili. Futhi nakhu akusho lapho ebuyela eYurophu ngo-1904:

“Kunezicabucabu eziningi zezicabucabu ezinkulu ehlathini; zingamamitha ayisithupha ububanzi. Inhlebo emisondweni emikhulu - cishe nge-intshi emaphethelweni wewebhu kanye noyedwa wesishiyagalombili kuyo. Iwebhu inamandla kakhulu, futhi, iqiniso, abomdabu baqaphela ukuthi bangayisebenzisa kanjani ngokunenzuzo, bephoqa isicabucabu esikhulu esinamakhanda ukuba sisebenzele umuntu. ”

Bagoba ihlumela elikhulu le-bamboo nge-loop futhi eduze kwewebhu. "Maduze nje, isicabucabu siyalwesaba loluhlaka olunethezekile" - kanti inethi enkulu isilungile!

Emfuleni ongemuva kwamanzi, lapho kukhona umfudlana othulayo ozungeza izinkwanyana ezincane, abamba izinhlanzi ngaleli netha: ayicosha kusuka ezansi ayiphonse ogwini. “Amanzi nezinhlanzi azikwazi ukwephula izindle” - zihlala isikhathi eside.

Maye, bambalwa abakholelwa kuPratt ukuthi eNew Guinea, izinhlanzi zabanjwa ngo-cobwebs. Kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abanye abacwaningi bakubona ngamehlo abo eNew Guinea, eFiji, eSolomon Islands nakwezinye iziqhingi. Kuningi sekubhaliwe ezincwadini nasezindabeni ezintsha. Zithi ngisho izimvemvane, amabhungane, izinyoni ezincane namalulwane zibanjwa yizingane ezingena emahlathini ngamanetha e-web. Futhi inhlanzi kuthiwa ikhishwa emanzini enesisindo sophawundi nambili!

Bafika nenye indlela yokudoba ngama-spider webs. Bagoba induku nge-hoop, bayifaka ngocingo lwe-nephils, babeka isheyidi ngaphezulu - izintuthwane namaqanda abo - bese bevumela le nethiwekhi engaguquki yesimo sezulu sasezindaweni ezishisayo ukuba idonsele phansi. Izinhlanzana ezincane zidonsa isithiyo kusuka ngezansi, emanzini, bese zibanjiswa yizimbotshana zewebhu. Kukhethwe ezansi emaphethwini omfula ngokubanjwa kwamanzi. Amabili noma amathathu ala mathafa entantayo angabamba izinhlanzi eziyishumi nambili engxenyeni yehora.

Muva nje, amandla wewebhu we-nephilic ekugcineni futhi ahlolwa ngokuhlolwa. Intambo ingxenye eyodwa kweziyishumi zamamilimitha ubukhulu ingamelana namagremu angama-80 (intambo yesilika iyimigremu ezi-4-15 kuphela). Inwebekile kangangokuba ifinyelela cishe engxenyeni yesine yobude bayo futhi ayiqhumi. Umucu wamamitha we-silkworm welulwa ngaphandle kokwephula kuphela ngamamilimitha ayi-8-18.

Indwangu yewebhu ye-nephile yegolide iyamangaza ngendlela emangazayo futhi engasindi, ngamandla afanayo incane kakhulu kunosilika be-silkworm, futhi ngobukhulu obufanayo inamandla amakhulu. I-web yarn iqoqwe kusuka ogibeni lwe-nephil noma lokuqa imifino yazo yamaqanda. Kepha kungcono ukuyikhipha ngqo isicabucabu, abayifaka ebhokisini - kuphela isicubu sesisu sakhe esinama-spider web warts aphuma kuso. Izintambo ze-Elastic zakhishwa emigqeni “ngendlela efanayo lapho zithola ukhukhunathi,” kusho isazi se-sericulture esikhulu, uJ. Rostan. "Ngale ndlela, kusuka ku-spider esisodwa ungathola amamitha ayizinkulungwane ezine ngentambo kasilika ngenyanga." Intambo engakhishwe kusuka kukhukhunjana wesilika, kuye ngohlobo lwayo, ingasukela kumakhulu amathathu kuya kwamathathu emitha ubude.

Kusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukahlukene kusuka kuzicabucabu ezahlukahlukene, abahloli bathole, ngokwesibonelo, imicu yobude: 1) amahora amabili kusuka kuzicabucabu ezingama-22 - amakhilomitha angama-5, 2) amahora amaningi ukusuka kwesinye isicabucabu - 450 kanye namamitha angama-675, 3) “ngokungafanele” kwesicabucabu esisodwa kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-27 - 3060 metres.

U-Abbot Camboue uthole imiphumela emihle ngokuhlola amakhono espider-spiking wesigcawu seMadagascar galaba spider. Ekugcineni, le ndoda esungulwayo yakwazi ukuthuthukisa ibhizinisi layo kangangokuba ya “xhuma” izicabucabu bukhoma kumakhabethe amancane ngqo kwilokhi yohlobo olukhethekile. Ithuluzi lomshini lalikhipha imicu kusuka kwizicabucabu futhi ngokushesha lungisa usilika obucole kakhulu kubo.

Izicabucabu zeGalaba zizame ngasikhathi sinye ukwazisa eFrance nalapha eRussia. Kepha akukho lutho ezafika kukho.

Iwebhu, ngisho nephilus, ngeke kuze kukhiqizwe kabanzi: akulula ukulondolozela amapulazi wesicabucabu - ukuthi ungawondla kanjani? Ngakho-ke, ama-spider webs abiza kakhulu kunezikhathi ze-12-14 kunesilika owenziwe ngamakhonkco amacimbi. Kepha ngezinhloso ezithile ezikhethekile, ama-webs webs aqinile futhi angasindi angaba usizo olukhulu. Isibonelo, kuma-airship abonakala sengathi ayakha futhi. Eminyakeni engu-70 eyedlule bazame ukwengeza imishini yokugcwala umoya kwi-nephils, "futhi kungenzeka," kusho uSolwazi A. V. Ivanov, "ukwenza isampula lendwangu yesilika yobude obungamamitha ayi-5."

Ezintweni zokuhlobisa nokudlalwa kwezinsimbi, ama-webs we-spider asevele ekutholile isicelo.