Inhlanzi engenakungabazeki neyokuqina yokudotshwa kwenhlanzi encane. Kwabaningi, ukushisekela kwe-aquarium kuqala ngamathumbu. Zisinda e-aquarium ngaphandle kwe-aerator nesihlungi. Izinhlanzi ezincane zigcinwa emhlambini wabantu abangaphansi kwe-5. Ukungabikhona kokungqubuzana nokubukeka okudlalayo.
IBarbus
Ubukhulu bamabhabha awudluli ku-10 cm.Izinhlanzi zesikole ezinamandla ziyingozi komakhelwane abancane abanamaphini amade. Bahlala e-aquarium ebanzi enomakhelwane abanomsindo ofanayo. Izinhlanzi zasemanzini ezingahlonishwayo kunazo zonke - iSumatransky barbus ne-barbus ye-cherry.
IMacropod
Izinhlanzi ze-Aquarium ezingafika ku-10 cm ubude ngokubukeka okukhumbulekayo. Eyaziwa ngokuthi inhlanzi epharadesi. I-macro fin caudal fin ihlukaniswa ngosayizi wayo omkhulu nobume obukhonjwa. Isikali sicwebezela ekukhanyeni, kukhanye. Kuyadida futhi kunesihluku, nabazali abakhathalelayo.
Cockerels
Izinhlobo zinamaphiko weveli anemibala ehlukahlukene. Ubude bomzimba obungu-6 cm. Ukufunwa kwamanzi ahlanzekile, ngaphandle kwalokho kungahloniphi. Nakekela ukuhambisana nomakhelwane. Izinhlanzi ezilwayo zinolaka zibhekise kubantu abancane kakhulu, ama-cichlid, nezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye. Izingxabano ze-intraspecific phakathi kwabesilisa azijwayelekile.
I-Acanththalmus
Izinhlanzi ezinhle ngomzimba wenyoka ukuya ku-10 cm ubude. Ungowomndeni wezinkalo. Chitha isikhathi ufuna ukudla phakathi kwenhlabathi, abasizi ekuhlanzeni i-aquarium. Iyabonakala ngombala ophuzi onsundu ngendlela amasongo azungeze umzimba. Ukungabikho kwesikali kwenza i-acanthophthalmus ibe sengozini yemithi. Izinhlobo ze-kul kanye nezami ziyathandwa.
ILyalius
Isimo abanikazi abanokuthula besitho sokuphefumula esisebenza ngokubhala. Zidinga ukugcinwa njalo kwe-aquarium nomzimba omkhulu wamanzi. Ukuhlanzwa ngesikhathi kwenhlabathi nokushintshwa kwamanzi kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi amaLalius aphila kamnandi. Akhula aze afike ku-8 cm, apendwe ngemichilo eshintshayo eluhlaza okotshani nokuwolintshi.
Gourami
Okuqukethwe okuvumelekile ku-aquarium ebanzi yamalitha angama-80. IGourami idinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela kunabafowethu abaqinile abanzima. Izilwane ezifuywayo ezinombala ohlukile ziyasebenza. Imabula, i-pearl gourami, uthingo negolide zithandwa nge-gourami. Ukuhlaselwa okungenzeka kube ngabesilisa.
Neons
Uzodinga amanzi athambile futhi acwebile kancane. Izinguquko zamanzi kufanele zingabi namthungo. Izinhlanzi ze-Neon azidingi i-aquarium enkulu futhi zigcinwa ngezinhlobo ezinokuthula. Khula ufike ku-5 cm ubude. Ziphila isikhathi eside emazingeni okushisa aphansi ukusuka ku-18 degrees emhlambini wabamele izinhlobo zazo.
Cichlid
Emndenini wama-cichlid angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili. Kakhulu inyamazane futhi iyindawo, nakekela inzalo. Cichlid iyadingeka. Nakekela ukuhambisana kwabahlali nokulondolozwa kwenhlanzeko yendawo yokugcina izinto. Okumangalisa ngokwedlulele, ngokwesibonelo, amasaka namakhakhikho amnyama, ayabonakala.
I-Angelfish
Ama-cichlid akhiwe ngedayimane afinyelela ku-15 cm ubude. Zihamba kahle futhi zinomusa. Ama-Angelfish akhetha ukudla bukhoma ngokuqukethwe okunamaprotheni amaningi. Izinga lokushisa lingama-degrees angama-22- 26, kuzodinga ukukhanyiswa okukhanyayo namanzi ahlanzekile.
ICichlazoma enebhendi emnyama
Baphinde babize i-cichloma enemigqa. Elikhulu, lihlala e-aquarium kusuka kumalitha ayi-100. Umbala onemigqa udonsela ukunaka. Ukunakekelwa kwabo kufaka phakathi ukondla ngezikhathi ezithile, ukushintshwa kwamanzi nokubhekwa. Kunzima ngesikhathi sokuqhuma.
USomiki
Ukubonakala kwe-catfish kuyabonakala, abantu abaningi bathanda isimo sabo sokuthula. Ingahloniphi ekudleni nasekulondolozeni, ikatfish ikhombisa ukukhuthazela namandla. Bamba iqhaza ekuhlanzeni i-aquarium yokudla okungabonakali kanye ne-algae ephansi. Omakhelwane abafanele izinhlanzi eziningi. Ama-antcistruses amakhulu nemigwaqo emincane yamakati Izinhlobo ezithandwayo: ama-panda angamachashazi, amachashazi kanye namakati.
Imithetho yokukhetha
Izinhlanzi ezingazithobanga ze-aquarium zikhethwa kucatshangelwa izici ezilandelayo:
- Ukuhambisana temperament.
Bheka imikhuba yohlobo oluthile ukuze kuqubuke izingxabano. - Izimo ezidingekayo.
Ngokuthola indawo efanele, izidingo zezindawo ziyabhekwa. Izinga lokushisa le-comfort, acidity nobunzima bamanzi kucatshangelwa. - Ubukhulu bomuntu omdala.
Umbono ocacile wokuthi isayizi izinhlanzi uzofinyelela kuzovikela ini ngephutha elijwayelekile. - Paka okuqukethwe
Izinhlanzi eziningi ezincane endaweni yazo yemvelo zihlala emihlambini. Ukuze inhlala-kahle yezilwane ezifuywayo, abantu abaningana bayabalwa. - Imikhuba yokudla
Izakhamizi zokudla okugcina amanzi zikhiqizwa ngamazinga ahlukene: ukondla ngaphezulu kwamanzi nokukhipha ukudla ezansi. Uhlelo lokudla olungafanele oluthathwa kabi luthinta kabi impilo yezilwane ezifuywayo.
Ukuvumelana
Hlela izakhamuzi ezifanayo ze-aquarium ngohlamvu. Ungabeki izilwane ezizingelayo nezinhlanzi ezinkulu ezinolaka ngezinhlobo ezincane ezinokuthula. Ngisho nezakhamizi ezikhulu ezolile zingadla ezincane zingazi. Ukuhambisa imihlambi yokufunda esikoleni kuzoba omakhelwane ababi bezinhlobo ezolile nezihamba kancane.
Inani lezinhlanzi zokuhlala
Imithetho ye-Universal yokunquma inani:
- Isibalo se-aquarium sikhethiwe kucatshangelwa umthamo wamanzi omhlaba. I-10-15% yesikhala esisetshenziselwe umhlobiso, izitshalo nomhlabathi azinakwa.
- Izinhlanzi ezinkulu zixazululwa ku-aquarium ebanzi. Ukuze uthole amakhono amancane okuhamba nokuhamba umhlambi kusuka kumalitha angama-40 kuyadingeka.
- Ukubalwa kwenziwa kusuka ekushintshaneni kwe-oxygen. Uma kunezitshalo nemithombo eyengeziwe ye-oksijini, khona-ke isibalo sezakhamuzi ze-aquarium siyanda. Ukuqeda i-oksijini, izinga lokushisa kwamanzi liyenyuka. Ukugcwala ngokweqile kuboniswa ukuqoqwa kwezinhlanzi ebusweni ngisho nangokusiza okuhle.
- Lapho izinhlanzi zinkudlwana, kukhiqiza imfucuza eyengeziwe. Ukunquma inani elivumelekile lezakhamizi, ukukala izinga lokuhlanganiswa kwezakhi nitrogen nokungcola emanzini. Ukuhlolwa kwamanzi kuthengwa ezitolo zezilwane.
- E-aquarium ene-heterogenible, inani labesifazane likhulu ngokuphindwe kabili kunabesilisa.
Lezi zincomo azinaki izici zabamele abathile. Umuntu ngamunye wezinhlanzi zasemanzini kufanele akhethe inani lezinhlanzi uqobo, aqaphe indlela ezisebenza ngayo izigceme futhi azidalele isilinganiso esiphezulu senduduzo.
Izibonelo
- I-10 litre aquarium iqukethe ama-guppies ama-4, amakhadinali noma ama-neon.
- Kumhlambi we-zebrafish ama-4, i-gourami noma i-laliuse, ithangi lamalitha angama-20 lanele.
- Umhlambi wezithelo ezingama-Cherry noma omgwaqo omane ungaxazululwa echibini elilitha ezingama-40.
- Kwi-cockerel eyodwa - amalitha ama-2 amanzi.
- I-pairfish ye-angelfish, ama-cichlases anemibala emnyama noma i-gourami enkulu izodinga i-aquarium yamalitha ayi-100.
- Kufakwe ama-gourami amabili amancane esitsheni esingamalitha angama-20.
- Lapho kuxazululwa i-catfish, bonke omakhelwane abavame ukunakwa, ngoba indawo yokuhlala yenzeka ngamazinga ahlukene: ama-catfish asezingeni eliphansi, kanti abanye bahlala endaweni ephakathi nephezulu.
Ngisho nezinhlanzi zasemanzini ezingenakubekeka phansi zithola isilinganiso esincane sokunakekelwa nenduduzo. Izinhlanzi ezingavunyelwe - izidalwa ezibucayi nezibuthaka.
Pecilia
Pecilia - Inhlanzi enezithelo eziningi futhi e-viviparous. Imvamisa inombala wegolide obomvu-owolintshi. Yize eminyakeni yamuva nje, ama-pecilli e-aquarium ayandayo athole imibala yemibala ehlukahlukene. Inhlanzi ibubekezelela ngokuphelele ubulukhuni bamanzi (vele awukwazi ukuthulula amanzi empompini) nenani elincane le-oxygen. Izinhlanzi zidla ikakhulukazi ngokudla okukhethekile. Kwanele ukondla kanye ngosuku. Izinhlanzi zizolile ngokweqile futhi zinokuthula ngokwemvelo.
Izinzalamizi
Izinkemba - inhlanzi inombala wegolide-amakhorali (ungasho ngisho nokubomvu). Kulula ukuhlukanisa owesilisa oyinkemba futhi owesilisa. Insikazi inobukhulu obukhulu, kuthi kumuntu owesilisa amaphiko aphansi emsila atholakale. Umsila wesidoda ufana nenqaku lenkemba. Ngalesi sici, izinhlanzi zaba negama lazo. Swordsmen futhi izinhlanzi viviparous, yize kungenakubizwa ngokuthi abanobungane. Konke kungenxa yokuthi abantu abadala bayakwazi ukudla inzalo yabo ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokuzalwa. Ukuze lokhu kungenzeki, umnikazi kufanele aqaphe ngokucophelela insikazi futhi lapho inqubo yezindlela isondela isondela (lokhu kuba sobala yisisu esivele sobala esiyindilinga), hlukanisa owesimame ngokwehlukana, kuthi ngemuva kokuzalwa, ulalise uFry. Izinkemba kufanele zondliwe kanye ngosuku. Inhlanzi iminyene ngokweqile.
UDanio rerio
UDanio rerio . Noma njengoba le nhlanzi ibizwa nangokuthi - minke whale. Izinhlanzi zihola indlela yokuphila yokuthambisa. Uma uthenga, kufanelekile ukubheka umnikazi wekusasa. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uqukathe izinhlanzi ezinjalo emhlambini wezinhlanzi ezingama-7-10. Izinhlanzi zinombala wesiliva onemivimbo ekhanyayo enemibala ehlukahlukene emzimbeni. Nobunzima bamanzi nokushisa kwabo akubalulekanga nakancane. Izinhlanzi zihlukaniswa ngokusinda kanye nekhono lokugxuma. Uma umuntu engafuni ukudoba njalo, kufanele uthenge i-aquarium evalelwe yona ene-lid ngaphezulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ososayensi bakwazi ukuguqula lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi futhi balufaka ngohlobo olukhanyayo. Uthathe ngempumelelo izimpande. Namuhla ezitolo ungathenga imikhomo ekhanyayo. Isici sabo esiyinhloko ukuthi lapho inhlanzi iba mdala - iba nekhanya ngokwengeziwe futhi kukhanya ebumnyameni.
Okhadinali
Okhadinali - inhlanzi encane efinyelela amasentimitha amathathu ubude. Lokhu kungenye yezinhlanzi ezingakhathaleli futhi ezimnandi kakhulu ku-aquarium. Amakhadinali awabumbekile kobulukhuni bamanzi nokushisa, awanendaba ne-oxygen satter kanye nokufafazwa. Into esemqoka kulezi zinhlanzi ukuba khona okungenani komhlambi omncane wezihlobo. Ukuzala kubo yiqembu lezinhlanzi ezingaba ishumi. Okhadinali bahlangana kahle nezinye izakhamizi ezincane ze-aquarium. Izinhlanzi ziyizihlobo ze-carps zethu kanye ne-crucian carp. Izithombo zasendle zibekwa emanzini angajulile, zisebenzisa amashidi amakhulu e-algae njengesivikelo. Okhadinali babeka amaqanda. Umuntu angahlukanisa owesilisa nowesilisa ngesisu esiyindilinga sowesifazane bese eyisicaba ngowesilisa.
I-Marble gourami
Marble Gourami - Izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezenziwe ngobuhlakani. Kwavela ukubonga ngokuwela i-gourami enabala futhi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umbala wenhlanzi ufana nemabula ebunjiwe. Ngenxa yohlelo olukhethekile kubuhlalu, izinhlanzi zingaphefumula umoya-mpilo. Ngakho-ke, izinga layo le-oxygen emanzini alibalulekanga ngokuphelele. I-Marble gourami ingenye yezinhlanzi ezinokuthula kunazo zonke zasemanzini. Inhlanzi ihamba kancane. Ukunyakaza kwayo okuthambile nokungagudluki kungathulisa futhi kuphumule ubusuku bonke ngemuva kosuku olusebenza kanzima. Kungcono ukondla inhlanzi kanye ngosuku ngasikhathi sinye.
Isayizi yezindawo zokugcina ezincane kanye nenhloso yazo
Ngisho ne-aquarium encane kunazo zonke yezinhlanzi kufanele ifakwe ngamadivayisi adingekayo:
- hlunga,
- i-aerator
- i-heater,
- ukukhanyisa.
Izinzuzo zamathangi amancane afaka amaphuzu alandelayo:
- ukubumbana
- ukunakekelwa okulula
- izinto zokuhamba ezifinyeleleka kalula.
Kodwa-ke, ama-minuses echibini elincane ayatholakala. Okokuqala, ngenxa yamanani amancane asesikhunjini, akunakwenzeka ukugcina izakhamizi eziningi. Okwesibili, amanzi asemanzini amancane angcoliswa ngokushesha, ngakho-ke kuzodingeka ukuthi ubhekisise ukuhlanzeka nokuhleleka. Emathangini anomthamo omkhulu wokubuyiselwa kwamanzi, awabonakali kangako njengamancane, lapho kwenzeka khona noma yiluphi ushintsho emingceleni yezemvelo okuholela ekuxinekeni kwenhlanzi.
Ama-aquarium amancane ahlukaniswe izinhlobo ezine:
- Kufika ku-5 l - ulungele umhlobiso ongaphakathi nokutshala. Isibonelo, ku-aquarium enamalitha ama-2 ungabeka i-phenotype eyodwa kuphela, kepha ochwepheshe batusa ukugcina i-aquarium enjalo ngaphandle kwezinhlanzi, ngoba ukuhlala endaweni eminyene kwenza izilwane ezifuywayo zingakhululeki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akunakwenzeka ukufaka imishini kumachibi amancane anjalo, ngakho-ke i-aquarium ngaphandle kwezinhlanzi izoba yisixazululo somuntu.
- Ukusuka ku-5 l kuya ku-10 l - ithangi elinokuthuthwa okunjalo nayo ayifanelekile ekugcineni izinto eziphilayo. Kuyiqiniso, umhlambi we-zebrafish ungagcwele ethangini - i-phenotype idinga ilitha elilodwa lamanzi umuntu ngamunye, kepha kufanele ukhumbule ngokuhlanzwa njalo, ukufakwa kwemishini ngaphandle kwalokho inhlanzi ezofa ngayo, nokubhekelwa okungapheli kwamapharamitha wamanzi. Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe baphinde batusa ukugcina i-aquarium enjalo ngaphandle kwezinhlanzi.
- Ukusuka ku-10 l kuya ku-20 l - ku-10 l nangaphezulu echibini ongabeka kulo ngokuphephile amadivaysi adingekayo futhi uthenge izinhlanzi ezinhle nezikhanyayo, kanye nezitshalo eziluhlaza eziluhlaza ezingenasici.
- Ukusuka ku-20 l kuya ku-50 l - endaweni ehlala abantu ngokufuduka, unganikeza imicabango emahhala, bese uqala izinhlanzi eziphakathi nendawo, uhlele amathuluzi nemihlobiso, udale ukujula kwamanzi.
Nakekela amachibi amancane
Ukunakekela izinhlanzi e-aquarium encane kulula futhi kulula, kepha kungaba yinkinga. Iqiniso ngukuthi uma encane ithangi, kulapho kuzodingeka ushintshe kakhulu amanzi futhi uhlanze izindonga nangaphansi komkhumbi. Lapho ukhetha ukwakheka kukathangi, kungcono ukuthenga ithangi elingunxande - kungcono kakhulu ukulihlanza, ngaphezu kwalokho, emachibini amise okwejwayelekile, izinhlanzi zasemanzini zizizwa zingcono futhi zikhululekile.
Ungayinakekela kanjani imikhumbi emincane:
- ukushintshwa koketshezi masonto onke, kuvuselelwa i-15-20% yevolumu,
- Ukudla okusele kuhlanzwa njalo
- njengoba kungcola, hlanza isitsha ngesikhafu, ususe ngokucophelela ukungcola namadiphozithi ebusweni.
I-aquarium encane enezitshalo kulula ukuyigcina, ngakho-ke imifino ephilayo kumele ibe yichibi elincanyana nenhlanzi. I-Flora izosiza ukulawula inani lama-nitrate kanye ne-ammonia, futhi futhi ibe yindawo yokukhosela yezilwane ezifuywayo. Izitshalo ezinjengokuthi: zingatshalwa e-aquarium ngaphandle kwezinhlanzi noma nazo.
- I-Brazilian lileopsis,
- Marsilia Blixa
- Anubias
- ukugxeka,
- amafonti
- kladofora.
Okokusebenza - Ukuhlunga, ukukhanyisa kanye ne-compressor kuzosiza futhi nokunakekela kalula. E-aquarium encane, akunakwenzeka ukuyenza ngaphandle kwesihlungi, ngakho-ke ochwepheshe bacebisa ukukhetha ipompo nesiponji ukuze uhlanze amanzi. Ama-heater azosiza ukugcina amazinga okushisa afudumele echibini, futhi i-aerator izogcwalisa amanzi ngomoya-mpilo. Amadivayisi kumele anakekelwe - ahlanzwa ukungcola futhi ahlole ikhwalithi yomsebenzi.
Ukuzikhethela kwabahlali kuma-aquariums amancane
Ukuthola ukuthi hlobo luni lwezinhlanzi ezingagcinwa emachibini amancane, kufanele uqhathanise nosayizi wezilwane ezifuywayo ukuthunyelwa kwe-aquarium. Uma ivolumu ingu-10 l, khona-ke ama-phenotypes anobude bomzimba ongu-2-3 cm angaqanjwa. Ngomthamo ongafika ku-15 l, usayizi wabantu ngamunye angaba ngu-3-4 cm. Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi izinhlanzi ezithile zase-aquarium zidinga inani lamalitha amanzi ngenhlanzi ngayinye: ngokwesibonelo , nge-catfish kuyadingeka - 5 l.
Yikuphi izinhlanzi ezilungele ithangi elincane:
- Abesilisa bayizinhlanzi ezifanele i-aquarium encane. Abesilisa abalwayo banombala okhanyayo, omnandi, futhi abazithobi kakhulu ezimweni zokuboshwa. Abesilisa babonakala ngokuziphatha okunolaka, ngakho-ke, ethangini elincanyana ngokuvamile liqukethe owesilisa oyedwa nabesifazane abangama-3-4. Ngobude, inhlanzi ikhula ibe ngu-6 cm.
- I-Neons inhlanzi enokuthula nenobungane ekhetha ukuhlala ezikoleni. Ama-donuts awathobeki, athande amanzi athambile kanye notshani obuluhlaza. Ikhula ibe ngu-4 cm ubude.
- Ama-guppies izinhlanzi ezidumile zase-aquarium ngopende okhanyayo wemibala. Ama-guppies ngokuzalanisa ngokuzithandela, futhi ukunakekela i-phenotype kulula futhi kulula. 3-4 cm ubude - abesilisa, abesifazane - 6 cm.
- I-Zebrafish izinhlanzi ezisebenzayo nezinhle ezaneliswa umthamo omncane wamanzi: umuntu udinga okuningana kunelitha. Uncamela indlela yokuphila yokuthambisa, ikhule ibe ngu-5 cm.
- Iphakethe le-Soma - finyelela ku-5 cm womzimba. Bayakuthanda ukuhlala nohlobo lwabo, abazithobi. Kwi-catfish eyodwa, kudingeka amalitha angama-4-5 amanzi.
- Amakhadinali izinhlanzi ezincane ezinobude obungu-3-4 cm. Okhadinali bayasebenza, bathanda amanzi apholile kanye notshani obukhulu.
- I-Microassortments - inhlanzi encane ekhula ibe ngu-2 cm kuphela. Le phenotype ayizithobi ezimweni zokuboshwa, futhi inokubukeka okuhle.
- Amehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ama-phenotypes omhlambi, isici esiyingqayizivele ngamehlo aqhakazile, aqoshwe ngokukhanya kwe-neon. Amehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka akhula aze afike ku-4 cm ubude. Banomlingiswa onobungane, odlalayo futhi onamandla.
Ama-aquarists amaningi akhetha ukuvela ezindaweni ezincane zasemanzini hhayi uhlobo olulodwa lwezinhlanzi, kodwa abamele abambalwa ukudala isithombe esihle nezinhlobonhlobo.
Izinketho eziphumelela kakhulu zokugcina ama-phenotypes ahlukile ethangi elinomthamo wama-20 l:
- iqhude lokulwa nezinambuzane ezintathu,
- ama-neon amahlanu nama-guppies amahlanu,
- guppies eziyishumi nezinhlanzi ezintathu zekati,
- ama-zebrafish ayishumi kanye nemicroberting eyishumi nanhlanu,
- eziyisikhombisa eziyisisekelo se-neon nezintathu zamakholishi.
Vele, lezi akuzona zonke izindlela zokuxazulula - kungenzeka zibe ziningi. Into esemqoka ukuthi izinhlanzi ziyafanelana ngokwemibandela yezidingo, usayizi nemvelo. Kufanele wazi ukuthi ama-phenotypes anolaka futhi ayindawo yasemanzini amancane awakwazi ukugcinwa.
Amachibi amancane wokufakelwa angahlobisa indawo yegumbi futhi afeze amaphupho abantu abaningi, ngoba amathangi awadingi isikhala esiningi, futhi ukunakekela iziqukathi kulula. E-aquarium eklanywe kahle, izinhlanzi nezitshalo zizokhula zingakhuli kangako kunamachibi amakhulu.
Iyiphi i-aquarium ebizwa ngokuthi yincane?
Amathangi amancane afaka amathangi angaphansi kwama-30- 40 l; abizwa nangokuthi ama-nano-aquariums. Imvamisa bathenga imikhiqizo yengilazi kusuka kumalitha amahlanu kuya kwangama-20. Manje kukhona amakhithi we-aquarium athengiswayo, ikithi okubandakanya konke okudingayo.
Ashibhile kakhulu kunamameru amakhulu, cishe noma yimuphi umhlaba ozinzile ulungele bona, ukugcinwa kwamanani amancane anjalo kuthatha isikhathi esincane. Zithanda ukubekwa phezu kwedeski nje.
Inhlanzi encane kakhulu ye-aquarium
Izindawo zokudoba ezincane ngokuvamile ziqukethe izinhlanzi zamanzi amancane angenasici. Imvamisa inhlobo eyodwa kuphela yezinhlanzi iyabiwa, kepha ezinye izakhamizi zasemanzini zingangezwa ezinhlotsheni ezithile ezihlukaniswa imvelo yazo enokuthula. Kuliqiniso, okokuqala kwabo bonke abahlali kufanele kuhlolwe ukuthi kuyahambisana.
UDanionella dracula
Yathola igama laso ngenxa yesimo esingajwayelekile somhlathi emaduneni ngezinqubo ezibukeka njengamazinyo. Emhlathini ongezansi kunamafangs akade, anikeza inhlanzi ukubukeka okuphazamisayo. Ngobude, izinhlobonhlobo zabantu abadala zifinyelela ku-1 cm. Amathambo nezitho zangaphakathi kuyabonakala ngomzimba obonakalayo. Ngokuya kokondliwa, iDanionella dracula ayithobeki, into esemqoka ukuthi okuphakelayo kufanele futhi kube ngamamingcele amancane. Okuphakelayo kunganikezwa komile, kumagreyi, kumiswe okomisiwe, kufakwe bukhoma, isigaqa esineqhwa, i-brine shrimp ifanelwe kahle.
Lezi zinhlanzi ezinokuthula zithanda ukubhukuda emihlambini, ezibalelwa ezihlotsheni ezingama-200, ngakho-ke kudingeka uzigcine eqenjini okungenani amakhophi ayi-10.
Ngenxa yemingcele yayo emincane, iDanionella dracula igcinwa kangcono ngokwahlukana kwi-aquarium yezinhlobo noma inhlanzi encane efanayo. Ngabo, ncoma i-aquarium kusuka kumalitha angama-40. Imvelo yasemanzini kumele ihlangane nemingcele elandelayo: izinga lokushisa — 20-26 ° C, i-acidity — 6.5-7.5 pH, ubulukhuni — 2-5 dGH.
Tetra amanda
Le nhlanzi edumile ibizwa nangokuthi i-fire tetra ngombala wayo we-orange osobala. Imvamisa ifinyelela ku-1.5-2 cm, kuthi abesilisa bangahlukani nabesifazane.
Azihloniphi imibandela yokuboshwa, futhi angadla noma yikuphi ukudla kwezinhlanzi zezingxenyana ezincane. Bahlala emihlambini, kepha izingcezu ezimbalwa zingabekwa endaweni encane ye-aquarium, igcinwe ezingxenyeni eziphakathi nendawo. Banokuthula futhi bahlangana kahle nezinye izinhlanzi ezincane ezinokuthula. Lapho kuklanywa i-aquarium, kufanele kusetshenziswe i-algae bukhoma, futhi ukukhanyisa kungaba yimvelo.
I-Erythromicron microparsing
Le nhlanzi encane enemigqa ivele muva nje. Imivimbo emnyama eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kusuka emuva ingemuva ngokuluhlaza okotshani, kanti nomsila unebala elimnyama. Emadodeni, amaphiko anamathoni abomvu.
Ikhula ngokwesilinganiso ifinyelela ku-2 cm futhi inomlingisi ozolile okuvumela ukuthi igcinwe nezinye izinhlanzi ezincane ezinokuthula, kepha igcinwa ngokuhlukile. Uncamela ukubhukuda ezingxenyeni zamanzi eziphakathi.
Kwamukelekile ngokuphelele ukuyigcina e-aquarium engama-30 L nge-algae encane bese uyondla ngenhlawulo ehlukahlukene. Umndeni wenye yabesilisa nabesilisa ababili ungagcinwa ezitsheni eziyi-15 zamalitha, lapho zizalela khona ngempumelelo. Bayawathanda amanzi ahlanzekile, futhi kungathandeki ukufaka ama-Driftwood kanye namaqabunga ezihlahla ezindlini zabo zezindela. Badinga ukuhlungwa okuhle nokushintshwa kwamanzi njalo, izinga lokushisa — 20–24 ° C.
Neoheterandia Elegance
Inhlanzi encane eyaziwayo emincane enemigqa, eyeduna ikhula ibe ngu-2 cm, nezinsikazi ifinyelela ku-2,5 cm. Lokhu kuyinhlanzi enkulukazi enomdlandla ophilayo womndeni uPecilieva.
Kwi-pair ye-neoheterandria elegans, i-aquarium yamalitha ayi-12 yanele. Zidangalisa futhi zingadla noma yikuphi ukudla okuncane, kepha bukhoma noma u-ayisikhilimu kungathandeka.
Thanda amanzi ahlanzekile athambile. Badinga ukuhlunga nokushintsha kwesonto kwamanzi. Ukushisa Okunconyiwe — 24-30 ° C. Zingagcinwa kanye nezinye izakhamizi ezincane.
IForosa
Ungomunye wezinhlanzi ezincane kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ilungele ukugcinwa ezindaweni zasemanzini ezincane ezinamthamo wamalitha ayi-10 kuye kwayi-15. Ochwepheshe batusa ukugcina umhlambi we-formosis (cishe izingcezu ezingama-40-50) ku-aquarium engama-30- 40 l.
Ngokwamavolumu amancane, okungenani abantu abangu-10 kufanele balimale. Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi abesilisa kufanele babe ngaphezulu kwezikhathi ezintathu. Amafomu awanolaka, ahlanganyele nezinhlanzi eziningi kanye ne-shrimp, kepha inketho engcono kakhulu kulezi zinhlanzi i-aquarium yezinhlobo ezihlukile. Zingezezinhlanzi eziphilayo futhi zihlala ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu neziphakathi.
Amafomu abukeka ngendlela engafani nalutho: umbala ompunga onomugqa omnyama eduze nomzimba, amaphiko amancane abonakalayo. Abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa. Abesilisa cishe baba ngu-1.5 cm, kanti izinsikazi zifinyelela ku-3.5 cm.
Amafomu alusizo ekudleni kwe-planarium (izibungu ezincane ezimhlophe), kunokuba ehlanza imvelo ye-aquarium kulezi zivakashi ezingafuneki. Emvelweni, zidla izinambuzane ezincane eziwela emanzini, ngakho-ke zikhetha ukudla okubukhoma. Ama-bloodworms, ama-brine shrimp ne-tubule afanele kahle njengokudla. Okuphakelayo kunconywe ukuthatha okuncane noma okuchotshoziwe. Ngokuqukethwe kwefomula, izinga lokushisa lamanzi elilungile lingama-22- 26 ° C, kepha bavame ukubekezelela ububanzi kusuka ku-12 kuye ku-30 ° C.
E-aquarium kuyatuswa ukuba nezitshalo zasemanzini eziningi. Lezi zinhlanzi azidingi zinguquko zamanzi ezijwayelekile. Kungcono ukumboza i-aquarium kusuka phezulu, njengoba inhlanzi ingagxuma iphume kuyo.
Tetradon dwarfish
Iziduna zalezi zinhlanzi zivame ukufika ku-2 cm futhi zibe nombala ohlukile ngokuhlukile, bese izinsikazi zikhula zibe ngu-2,5 cm ngokwesilinganiso. Lapho i-tetradon isaba, ivuvukala njengebhola bese izikhala ezincane ziqala ukubonakala emzimbeni.
E-aquarium enomthamo wamalitha ayi-10, kungagcinwa abantu abangu-2-3. Umbala wazo ulawulwa ngamathoni aphuzi ngombala ophuzi anemibala emnyama.
Amehlo abo ahamba ngokuzimela komunye nomunye. Lezi izinhlanzi ezingathembeki, kepha zikhetha ukudla okubukhoma, ungakunika iqhwa. Ama-Tetradons nawo adinga ukondliwa ngeminenke, ngawo acola amazinyo awo. Lezi zinhlanzi ezisebenzayo zigcinwa kahle ngokwehlukana kwezinye izinhlobo.
I-Carnegiel Myers noma iPygmy Pinch
Yinhlanzi encane kunazo zonke emndenini onamacala okushada. Ngobude, ifinyelela ku-2,2-2,5 cm. Njengabo bonke abamele lo mndeni, inesimo somzimba esingajwayelekile, esithambile emaceleni.
Umugqa wangemuva uqondile, futhi isisu sikhishwe ngokuqinile ngendlela ye-arc. Umzimba okhanyayo, we-translucent une-tint yomnqumo, futhi endaweni yesisu kukhona izidalwa ezimnyama, umugqa omnyama udlula nomgogodla.
Lezi zinhlanzi ezinamahloni zinconyelwa ukuba zigcinwe emhlambini kusuka ezincezwaneni ezi-5. Indawo yasemanzini yokuqukethwe okuhle: izinga lokushisa — 23-26 ° C, ubunzima — pH 5.5-6.5, i-acidity — dH 10-20. Kufanele kube nokushintshwa okuhlala njalo kwamanzi, i-aeration kanye nokuhlunga. Kokubili ukudla okwomile nokuphila bukhoma kufanelekile ekudleni okunempilo. I-Carnegiel pygmy idliwa kusuka emanzini noma izingqimba eziphakathi. Ukudla okuwela phansi, abamane bakubone.
Iphaseji yedraw
Le catfish ikhula ibe ngu-2-3 cm kuphela ubude. Inomzimba owucashile owagobeka kamuva wamathoni wegolide aphuzi nawomnqumo onendawo emnyama, izintuthwane ezincane.
Izinsikazi zikhulu kancanyana kunabesilisa. Ihlala emhlambini futhi ihlangana nezinye izakhamizi ezincane ze-aquarium. Izinto eziningi zingagcinwa ezindaweni ezincane zasemanzini.
Kugcinwa ezingxenyeni zamanzi eziphakathi futhi uthanda ukungcwaba emhlabathini. Idla ezinhlamvini ezincane ezahlukahlukene zezinhlanzi. Ukuhlunga, ukusatshalaliswa kanye nokushintsha kwesonto kwamuntu kwesihlanu samanzi kuyadingeka.
UNannostomus Marginatus
Umzimba omncane walezi zinhlanzi ezingama-2 000,5 unemivimbo emide nomzimba othambile. Ebumnyameni, ishintsha umbala wayo, uphenduke uphuzi.
Balulekwa ukuthi bagcine umhlambi wezingcezu ezi-10 e-aquarium engama-30- 40 l, kodwa iqembu elincane lingagcinwa ezitsheni ezincane kakhulu. Bangakwazi ukuhlangana nezinye izinhlanzi ezincane ezinokuthula. Bayakuthanda ukuba khona kwezimila zasemanzini ezixakile nomhlabathi omnyama.
Kuyinto engathandekeli ukondla, kuvunyelwe ukondla kuphela ngokuphakelwa okuncane okuomile, kepha ungabuyisela ukudla kwabo nge-daphnia ne-artemia. Ukuhlunga kanye nokushintsha kwamanzi kwamasonto onke kuyadingeka.
Bathanda ukuba khona kokuhlobisa kwezigcobho ezigcwala amanzi ngamathaveni, ukukhanya kwesibhakabhaka, ukubhukuda ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu neziphakathi nendawo.
Ukuhlwaya
Inhlanzi encane engenakuzithoba yomndeni we-cyprinid, egcinwe kahle emhlambini. Unokuthula futhi mobile kakhulu. Ubungako bezinhlanzi zalolu hlobo luqala kusuka ku-1,3 kuye ku-10 cm. Lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zokuhlaziya zivame kakhulu kubantu basolwandle:
- UBrigitte. Inhlanzi encane kunazo zonke evela kuma-cyprinid, efinyelela ku-1,3- cm kuphela.Umzimba wakhe upendiwe ngombala okhanyayo obomvu o-orange. Imivimbo ezinhlangothini,
- Hengel. Ubude obujwayelekile buba malunga nama-3 cm. Unombala obuthuntu, kepha ngasohlangothini kunomucu we-neon, obukeka muhle kakhulu ngokukhanya okufanele,
- I-Galaxy. Lokhu kuhlaziya kubonakale muva nje, kukhula kufinyelele kuma-3-3,5 cm.Ngoba umbala obabazekayo onemibala eminingi, ubizwa nangokuthi yi-firework,
- i-cuneiform (heteromorph). Enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu zokuhlafunwa, ubude obungu-4-4,5 cm ngesikali noma ngesikali segolide kanye namabala amise okomugqa omnyama ezinhlangothini.
Imithetho yokuxazululwa kwezinhlanzi ezincane
Lapho ugcwalisa i-nano-aquarium, ochwepheshe be-aquarium batusa ukuthi ulandele imithetho elandelayo:
- izinhlanzi ezincane ukuya ku-4 cm (ukhadinali, i-neon, i-guppy nezinye) zingagcinwa ezindaweni ezinamanzi amancane ezinomthamo wamalitha ayi-10-30. Ukulinganiselwa okunjalo kuyabonakala - cishe ilitha elilodwa kufanele liwele kumuntu oyedwa,
- izimo ezingafika ku-6 cm zithathwa njengezincane. Kubo, kukhethwe umthamo okungenani wamalitha angama-20. Kulokhu, umuntu kufanele acabangele isilinganiso esinjalo - amalitha ayi-2,5 umuntu ngamunye. Uma i-aquarium inkulu kakhulu (ivolumu 400-500 l), khona-ke ilitha eli-1 kufanele libe kumuntu oyedwa,
- ngezinhlanzi ezincane, ezinobude obungafika ku-10 cm (izinkemba, izinkemba, iCongo, izinhlanzi ezingama-rainbow nezinye), udinga ukukhetha i-aquarium ende (okungenani 1 m) ukuze kube khona indawo ongahamba kuyo. Umthamo onconyiwe okungenani unamalitha ayi-150. Umuntu oyedwa onjalo udinga okungenani amalitha ama-3,
- Kuyadingeka ukubheka ubuntu bokuziphatha kwabahlali abangaphansi kwamanzi, okungukuthi - ukuthi ngabe inhlanzi iyafunda noma cha,
- izinhlanzi ezincane akufanele zidliwe yizinambuzane ezidla ezinye, uma kungenjalo ungavuma ukuthi,
- akudingekile ukugcina izinhlanzi zihlukile ekuziphatheni nasendleleni yokuphila e-aquarium efanayo. Abanye abantu abasebenzi, kanti abanye bahlala behamba, kanti abanye bathanda ukubhukuda emihlambini,
- zokuhlanganisa izinhlobo zezilwane, abantu kufanele bakhethwe ngezidingo ezifanayo zamapharamitha wamanzi nokukhanya,
- gcwalisa umzimba wamanzi ngokulinganayo. Ngakho-ke, ezinye izinhlanzi zinamathela ngokuqinile endaweni yazo futhi uma zithatha isikhala esiningi, khona-ke ezinye izinkomba ziyobe zingakhululeki. Kuyadingeka ukuthi unake izici eziqondene nabamele umhlaba wamanzi lapho uzinza endizeni ethe mpo - abanye bahlala eduze kwezansi, abanye bahlala ezingxenyeni eziphakathi zamanzi, kanti abanye bathanda ukugqobhozela ebusweni,
- ngemuva kokufaka i-aquarium futhi uyitshale ngezitshalo, musa ukujaha ukuyifaka ngokushesha. Kufanele ulinde kuze kube yilapho ama-bacterium adingekayo ephindaphindwe phakathi kweviki elilodwa kuya kwamabili,
- zinike isikhathi sakho ukwethula abahlali abasha. Okokuqala hlamba isikhwama senhlanzi ngaphansi kwamanzi empompini bese uyibeka ku-nano-aquarium isikhashana kuze kube yilapho amazinga okushisa esilingana. Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele ungeze kwiphakeji lamanzi we-aquarium bese ukhipha izinhlanzi kuphela imizuzu engu-15 ngemuva kwalokho,
- Kunconywa ukuthi abafikayo bagcinwe bodwa ngaphandle kokufakwa ku-aquarium futhi bajwayele kancane izimo ezintsha, bengeze amanzi avela ku-aquarium.
I-aquarium encane ithatha indawo encane, kepha ijabulisa amehlo njengento enkulu. Kulula ukuyinakekela, kepha izindlela zokuhlanzeka nezokuvimbela (ukufaka amanzi, ukuhlanza, ukubulala amagciwane, ukuguqula inhlabathi nezitshalo) zenziwa kaningi. Kubalulekile ukubala kahle inani lezakhamizi ngeziqukathi ezincane ezinjalo. Wabasaqalayo kufanele bakhethe izinhlanzi ezingenakudonsa kakhulu nezitshalo ezikhula kancane. Kepha futhi bazodinga ukubheka njalo umthamo omncane. Kepha ngamanani amancane anjalo ungashintsha kalula ubuhle bendawo, izitshalo bese udala design omusha.
Ukubukwa Okudumile
Izinhlanzi ezingavunyelwe ukulungela i-aquarium yabaqalayo kufanele zihlangabezane nezidingo ezilandelayo:
- ukukhetha ukudla,
- bakwazi ukubekezelela ukuguquguquka okubukhali kumapharamitha wamanzi ngaphandle kokulimaza impilo,
- bakwazi ukuzivumelanisa ngokushesha nezimo eziguqukayo,
- ikwazi ukuba khona ezimeni ezijwayelekile zedamu elishisayo futhi ingadingi ukwakhiwa nokulungiswa kwamapharamitha akhethekile (ngokwesibonelo, izinga lokushisa eliphansi, inqwaba kasawoti emanzini, njll.),
- bakwazi ukubekezelela ukuwohloka kwesikhashana kwezimo (isiteleka sendlala, ukuntuleka kwe-aeration, njll.),
- goma kahle izifo.
Uhlu lwezinhlobo ezihlangabezana nalezi zidingo lubandakanya amagama alandelayo:
Ngokwencazelo yalezi zinhlobo, umgadli angaqala ukukhetha izakhamuzi ezifanele i-aquarium yakhe.
Pecilia
I-Pecilia yinhlanzi ethanda ukuthula ye-viviparous, ehlukaniswe ngosayizi wayo omncane, umlingiswa ozolile nombala ogqamile. Ziyehla ngokunganciphisi emingceleni yezemvelo futhi zivumelaniswe nokuphila ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zedamu lokuzenzela elishisayo. I-Pecilia ayikhethi ngokudla futhi ingakudla kokubili ukudla okwomile niphile. Lezi zinhlanzi ziyahambisana nezinye izinhlobo zobukhulu obufanayo. I-Pecilia ayikubekezeleli ukushoda kwe-oxygen isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke ithangi elinayo kufanele lifakwe i-compressor.
Ama-Neons akuzona izinhlanzi zasemanzini ezihamba kancane, kepha uma uhambisana nezidingo, okuqukethwe kwawo ngeke kudale izinkinga nakubaqalayo. Lezi zinhlanzi zibonakaliswa ngosayizi omncane, umbala ogqamile kanye nesimo sokuthula. Zigcine emhlambini wabantu abayishumi noma ngaphezulu. Ama-Neons athanda amathangi atshalwe ngokudlule ngezitshalo; ezitsheni ezingenalutho ngaphandle kokuhlaza kanye nokuhlobisa, azizwa engakhululekile. Le nhlobo ithanda amanzi afudumele afudumele. I-Neon kufanele idliwe ngokudla okuntantayo emanzini: i-daphnia eqandisiwe kanye nezigcawu, izimpethu zegazi kanye nezikhuhla ezomile.
Swordsman
Umuntu oyinkemba yinhlanzi ephakathi nendawo enombala ogqamile nokubukeka okumangazayo: abesilisa abasesiceni se-caudal banokuphuma okufana nenkemba ekwakhekeni. Izinkemba azinamahloni, ziyahamba futhi zihlala zibonakala. Abakhethi ngokudla futhi bayakwazi ukubekezelela imichilo yendlala ende, phakathi nesikhathi lapho badla khona olweni. I-aquarium enamadoda asenkemba kufanele ifakwe isihlungi ne-compressor. Ithangi lingatshalwa ngezitshalo, kodwa izinhlanzi kufanele zibe nendawo eyanele yokubhukuda.
Mollinsia
AmaMolliesia izinhlanzi ezingenakubekelwa phansi ze-viviparous ezidinga ukugcinwa ngamapharamitha wamanzi ezingeni elithile.Zibonakaliswa ngosayizi ophakathi, umbala okhanyayo we-monochromatic (umnyama ovame kakhulu) noma onendawo, onesimo sokumangalisa nokuthula. E-aquarium, mollies ziyasebenza futhi zihlala zibonakala. Le nhlobo ayikubekezeleli ukweqisa kwezinga lokushisa futhi yehlise amazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-25 ° C noma ngaphansi. Umswakama uncamela kancane i-alkaline (pH 7-8), nezinye izinhlanzi ze-pecilli.
Iphaseji
Imigudu izinkungu ezihola indlela yokuphila yesikhathi esiseduze. Lezi zinhlanzi azinalo ulaka futhi zihlangana nabamele izinhlobo zazo, kanye nezinye izakhamizi zasemanzini. Bayakwazi ukuhlala emikhakheni ebanzi yamapharamitha, kepha abathandi ukuguquguquka kwabo: imvelo kumele ibe nozinzo. Imigodi noma enye indawo yokukhosela kufanele ibe khona echibini, lapho izinhlanzi zizofihla khona ngesikhathi sosuku. Ukudla kwamakhorali kufanele kucwile, njengoba lezi zinhlanzi zidla ngokuqoqa ukudla okuvela ebusweni noma emhlabathini.
Cockerel
I-cockerel ibukeka kakhulu ngokubukeka futhi ngasikhathi sinye isilwane okulula ukusinakekela. Ngenxa yekhono lokusebenzisa umoya osemkhathini ngokuphefumula, abesilisa bazizwa bemnandi ezindaweni zasemanzini ngaphandle kokuthola umoya-mpilo. Lezi zinhlanzi zizolile futhi azisebenzi, ngakho-ke zingaphila kunoma yiziphi, ngisho nezincane, amavolumu. Ubudlova be-Intra-genes bufana nabesilisa besilisa, ngakho-ke, kufanele zigcinwe zodwa, noma kunjalo, okuqukethwe okuhlangene nezinye izinhlobo ezingenalo ulaka kungenzeka.
Taracatum
ISom tarakatum yinhlanzi ekhethiwe efanelekayo nge-aquarium yezinhlobo eziningi. Lolu hlobo luqukethwe eqenjini labantu abangu-2-4, okungenani olunamalitha angama-40 amanzi enhlanzi ngayinye. ICatfish ihola indlela yokuphila ebusheni futhi iqoqe ukudla okuvela ebusweni nasemhlabathini, ngakho-ke ukudla okuilayo kuzodingeka ukondli. Uthando lweTarakatum lokumba umgodi ongaphansi, ngakho-ke, izitshalo ezitshaliwe kumele zibe nohlelo olunamandla lwezimpande. Kuyadingeka ukuhlomisa i-aquarium ngesihlungi ne-compressor. Ukukhanya kukhanye.
Ithoyili
Ameva angumhlambi wesikole onokuthula ophakathi nendawo. Isici esiyingqayizivele sezinhlobo iyi-anal enkulu yemibala emnyama. Ameva ahambelana nezinye izinhlobo ezingezona ezinolaka, kepha enhlanganisweni yezinhlanzi azophina amaphini. Kunconywa i-aquarium enalezi zinhlanzi ukuthi itshalwe ngezitshalo futhi ihlotshiswe ngemisipha nezinye izindawo zokukhosela. Ukukhanyisa kungcono kukhanya. Ukushiswa kukhetha amazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-22 ° C nendawo yokungathathi hlangothi, kepha ayakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezahlukahlukene. Abakhethi ngokudla.
Isiphetho
I-aquarist yokuqala, njengabakhileyo echibini lokuqala lokufakelwa, kufanele iqale izinhlanzi zasemanzini ezingenakudonsa. Izimo ezise-aquariums zabaqalayo azihlali zizinzile futhi zingashintsha ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu kungadala ukugula noma ukufa kwezinhlanzi ezibucayi nezifuna ngenkani. Ungakugwema izinkathazo ngokugcwalisa i-aquarium ngezinhlanzi eziqinile nezilishumi. Njengoba usufundile izici zokugcina izinhlanzi ezinhlamweni ezilula ezingatheni, ungadlulela kwezinye eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe.
Uma uthandile i-athikili noma unokuthile ongangeza, shiya imibono yakho.