Isilo esibizwa nge-ginger panda siyisilwane esihle. Ungangikholwa - bheka isithombe! Sikulungiselele konke okuthakazelisa kakhulu nge-ginger panda, qala ngokuchaza nomlando wokutholwa kwezinhlobo ...
Kuhlelo lokuhlukaniswa kwezwe lezilwane, lolu hlobo lungelomndeni we-panda, uhlobo lwePasser Panda. Imininingwane eminingi ethokozisayo ingatshelwa ngomlando wokutadishwa kwalesi silo. Okokuqala nje, kwatholakala imininingwane nge-panda ebomvu emibhalweni yesandla yesiShayina yekhulu leshumi nantathu, kodwa eYurophu bafunda ngokuba khona kwesilwane esibomvu esimangalisayo ngekhulu le-19.
Okubaluleke kakhulu ekutholakaleni okumangazayo isilwane saseYurophu esifuna ukwazi, njengethoyizi elikhulu elinobuthi, kungokwesikhulu samaNgisi uThomas Hardwick. Indoda efundile yamasosha, yahlola amakoloni angamaNgisi ngonyaka we-1821, yaqoqa izinto ezithembekile nge-red red yaze yaphakamisa igama eliyinqayizivele. “Hha” (wha) - yilokhu amaShayina asibiza isilwane, lesi sibongo sisuselwa ekulingiseni kwemisindo eyenziwe yilesi “hha”.
IPanda Elincane (i-Ailurus fulgens).
Kodwa-ke, zazikhona ezinye izindlela zokubiza amagama, amaShayina, ngokwejwayelekile, abembiza nge- "punya" (poonya) noma "han-ho" (hun-ho). Kepha le ndaba iyamangaza ngendlela eyisimanga, kanti umsunguli wesitholi waya kuFelist Cuvier wezemvelo waseFrance, owayengaphambi komkhuzi wamasosha, ngenkathi efaka izinto ngokuhlelekile kuleli koloni liphathisiwe. Imibhalo yososayensi isivele ifake igama lesayensi elisungulwe kahle, njengoba lamukelwa yisazi sezinto eziphilayo, kuLatin Ailurus fulgens, elisho ukuthi "ikati elikhanyayo".
AbaseBrithani bebezama ukubhikisha ngaleliqhinga elingalindelekanga, kodwa lolu daba lwase lwenziwe, nayo yonke imithetho ebingenakushaywa indiva. Bonke abasebenza ngemvelo kwadingeka babheke igama lesiLatini, futhi kwakunzima ukuliguqula. Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu ekutholakaleni kwezinhlobo ezintsha zezilwane kuhlala nososayensi owazisa igama elisha lesiLatini. Isikhulu samaNgisi saqhubeka nezintshisekelo zakhe.
Kunezindawo ezimbili ezingaphansi, ezincane, noma ezibomvu, ze-panda.
Isazi se-Zoologist uMiles Roberts sasingakhathazeki kakhulu ngoHardwick, futhi asiphuthelwa yithuba lokukhombisa ukuthi igama elinikezwe umcwaningi waseFrance lifanela kakhulu ubuhle be-panda ebomvu. Amagama enkondlo athi "ecwebezelayo", "aqhakazile" akhombisa ukubukeka kwesilo esihle kangako kune- “hha” engaqondakali. UFrederic Cuvier uyijabulele i-panda ebomvu futhi wabhala ngaye "njengesidalwa esihle, esinye sezinyawo ezine." Ngempela, leli gama elisha lalihambisana nokubukeka kwepara ebomvu, futhi lalizwakala lingokwesayensi ekunambithekeni kwaseYurophu, hhayi njenge-hkh ethile yaseChina, njengokungathi ihlazo lesilwane esinoboya esigqokeni lobuhle obumangalisayo.
Indawo yokuhlala kwe-panda ebomvu.
Ngisho nabalingani bakaGeneral Hardwick abazisekelanga izifiso zakhe zokudala. Bathandile elinye igama lesiShayina - "poonya", okwavela ngokushesha phakathi kwezazi zezemvelo, lwanda futhi lwaphenduka ipara. Zonke izazi zesayensi yesimanje emisebenzini yazo yesayensi zisebenzisa lona kanye leli gama.
I-panda ebomvu yatholakala engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-19.
Isithunywa sevangeli esingumFrance uPierre Armand David ngonyaka we-1869, ngenkathi sishumayela eChina futhi sibuka ngasikhathi sinye umbuso wezilwane waleli lizwe, sabhala ngesilwane esisha esidla inyama enesakhiwo esifana namazinyo futhi sihlala ezigungwini ze-bamboo. Ngokwalezi zibonakaliso, zombili lezi zilwane zaqala ukubizwa nge- panda. Isilwane esikhulu sabizwa ngokuthi "i-panda enkulu", kanti uhlobo lwesibili, oluncane ngosayizi, lwaziwa ngokuthi "panda encane noma ebomvu."
Lalela izwi le-panda encane
Isikhathi eside, ososayensi babengabaza ubuhlobo bomndeni nezinye izilwane ezidla izambane likapondo. Abanye babheka ama-panda njengamabhere, kanti abanye izazi zezinto eziphilayo bazibeka eqenjini elifanayo nelama-raccoon. Futhi ukuhlolwa kofuzo kuphela okufakazele ubuzane ngamabhere. Isihlobo esisondele kakhulu kwep panda enkulu ibhere elimangazayo, elihlala eSouth America. Futhi isihlobo sephara elibomvu sisazobonwa. Ngokubukeka, ayifani ne-panda enkulu. Ngesikhathi sokumbiwa kwemivubukulo, ososayensi bathola ubufakazi bokuthi i-panda encane iyisihlobo esikude kakhulu samagama aso amakhulu. Idlozi labo elijwayelekile lalikhona emhlabeni wonke eminyakeni eyizigidi edlule e-Eurasia.
I-panda ebomvu iyisilwane esincane.
Kutholakale izidumbu zezilwane ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, kusukela empumalanga yeChina kuye entshonalanga neNgilandi. Ngaphezu kwalokho kunobufakazi bokuthi ama-panda amancanyana ahlala eNyakatho Melika ezifundeni zesimanje zeTennessee neWashington. Kungenzeka ukuthi lokhu bekuyindlela entsha yokubhuka nge-panda ebomvu ehlala eMiocene.
Kuze kube muva nje, bekube nengxoxo eningi ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-panda kusigaba esisodwa noma kwesinye.
Kule ngxoxo mayelana nokuhlukaniswa kwamaphasikhasi ahalisiwe. Kodwa kuphakama imibuzo emisha eyajabulisa izingqondo zezazi zemvelo. Akekho owake wazama ukutadisha ngokuningiliziwe ngokuziphatha kwama-pandas endaweni yawo yemvelo. Babonwa kuphela ezindlini zokugcina izilwane, futhi muva nje kuphela abanakile i-red red. Ubude bomzimba wesilwane ngamasentimitha angama-51-64, umsila omude omfushane onemigqa emnyama ufinyelela kuma-28- 46 cm.Izinsikazi zinesisindo esingu-4,2 - 6 kg, abesilisa abango-3.7 - 6.2 kg.
Ama-panda abomvu azizwa emuhle ezihlahleni.
U-Panda fur upendiwe ngamathoni abomvu-nati, ngaphansi ngaphansi, ane-tint nsundu noma omnyama. Isifinyezo esifushane kanye nemaphethelo wezindlebe ezikhonjisiwe simhlophe, imaskhi "idonswa" eduze kwamehlo, inikeze ukufana kwangaphandle kufana ne-raccoon. Le ndlela ihlukile kune-ginger panda ngayinye. Umbala wejazi leli usiza isilwane ukuthi sizifihle ngemuva kwegxolo lesihlahla elimbozwe ngamaloyi kanye nama-mosses.
Ngosizo lwama-paws amafushane futhi aqinile anemichilo engabuyiseki, i-panda ihamba kalula eduze kweziqu zemithi ifuna indawo ecashile. Isilwane sihola indlela yokuphila efihlekile, ngesikhathi sasemini sicasha ngesikebhe, sigoqiwe bese simboza isizungwana saso ngomsila ovuthayo. Ihamba kahle emhlabathini futhi uma kwenzeka iba nengozi igibela esihlahleni. Isilwane sinakekela uboya baso ngokucophelela, ngemuva kokudla ngakunye, i-ginger panda ngesineke ikhotha uboya bayo obuhle iphonsa ikhala elicijile.
Little Panda Styana.
Isilwane sihlala eSouthwest China, eMyanmar, eNepal, eBhutan nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeNdiya. Unamathela ezindaweni zezintaba ezitholakala endaweni ephakeme ka-2000 - 4800 m ngaphezu kolwandle. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokubhalwa kwep panda encane: i-panda Encana (ebomvu) i-lulaana etholakala empumalanga noma enyakatho-mpumalanga yaseningizimu yeChina nasenyakatho neMyanmar, i-panda encane ebomvu (ebomvu) ye-panda (i-Ailurus fulgens fulgens) ihlala eNtshonalanga Nepal neBhutan.
I-Westernncane Panda.
I-panda Styana encane imbozwe ngoboya obumnyama futhi bukhulu ngosayizi, umthunzi wejazi wehluka kakhulu ngaphakathi kwezinhlobo, ngakho-ke ungathola izilwane ezinombala wazo onsundu kakhulu nsundu. Isimo sezulu ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo i-panda ebomvu sipholile impela, ngakho ijazi loboya liyasiza ukukhuthazelela izindawo ezinjalo. Ubusika nehlobo kulezi zindawo zomhlaba kuhluka ngobungako bezulu, kepha akukho ukushintshashintsha okubukhali kombuso wokushisa phakathi nonyaka. Isilinganiso sokushisa somoya siphakathi kwamadigri ayi-10-25, kwezulu kungama-3500 mm ngonyaka. Ukuntengantenga okungaguquki, inkungu nemvula kufaka isandla ekukhuleni kwezimila ezivulekile, okusebenza njengesivikelo esithembekile emehlweni ezinhliziyo zabahambi.
Ama-panda abomvu awakuthandi ukunakwa okusondele.
Amahlathi lapho kuhlala khona i-panda ebomvu kunguhlobo oluxubile, i-fir iyabakhona, kepha izinhlobo zezihlahla eziqabayo nazo ziyakhula, indawo engaphansi komhlaba yakhiwa yi-Rhododendron futhi ukudla okuthandwa yi-pandaas kungama-bamboo thickets. Yize i-panda ingeyezilwane ezidliwayo futhi inesistimu yokugaya ukudla yezilwane zalo oda, ama-95% okudla aqukethe amaqabunga e-bamboo kanye namahlumela. Ukudla okunjalo kunika amandla amancane adingekayo empilweni, ngakho-ke i-panda ebomvu idonsa amaqabunga nge-voracity enhle, phakathi nosuku idla ama-1.5-4 kg amaqabunga e-bamboo kanye namahlumela. Isisu sesilwane asigayekile kahle i-fiber coarse, ngakho-ke i-panda ikhetha izingxenye ezincane kakhulu zezitshalo.
I-panda encane ngenkathi iphumula.
Ebusika, lapho u-bamboo engewona amahlumela amasha, uhlukanisa ukudla kwawo ngamaqanda ezinyoni, izinambuzane, izinduku ezincane namajikijolo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukuntuleka kwezakhamzimba kuthinta umsebenzi nempilo yesilwane esinyamayo. Endaweni yokuhlala yemvelo, ama-panda abomvu ahlala kusuka eminyakeni engu-8 kuye kweli-15. Lapho bekhulumisana, izilwane zenza imisindo ephansi yokudonsa, zenze umsila omuhle kakhulu, zinikine amakhanda bese zihambisa imihlathi yazo. Isikhathi sokuzala singoJanuwari, ngaleso sikhathi amafomu ngababili. Ukuthuthukiswa kombungu kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-50, yize isikhathi eside sezinsuku ezingama-90- 145 sidlula phakathi kokuzala nokuzala kwengane. Ukuthuthuka nje kwesibeletho kubambezelekile kancane, futhi lesi sikhathi sibizwa ngabachwepheshe abadingayo.
Bonke abantu besifazane banakekela inzalo, abesilisa akuvamile ukuba bahlanganyele kule nqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ende. Kepha kulokhu, okungahle kwenzeke uma kukhulunywa ngomndeni onobudlelwano obuhlala njalo. Kuvela izidleke esidlekeni, lapho imigqa yesifazane enamaqabunga namagatsha ngaphambi kokuqala kokuzalwa kwengane, imvamisa ibekwa emgodini wesihlahla noma emfuleni ophakathi kwamatshe.
Ama-panda amancane azalwa engenakusiza ngokuphelele, ngamehlo abo avalekile. Isisindo sazo singama-gramu ayi-100 kuphela, nombala uphuzi kakhulu uma uqhathaniswa nombala wezilwane ezindala, i-beige. I-panda ebomvu izala izingane ezimbalwa, imvamisa ama-1-2 emndenini wayo, futhi uma ngaphezulu kuzalwa ama-3 noma ama-4, khona-ke kusinda oyedwa kuphela aze abe mdala.
Amawundlu amancane wepanda.
Kunzima ezilwaneni ezingadli ukudla okuhlukahlukene ngokweqile ukondla inani elikhulu lamawundlu. Kulokhu, ukukhetha ngokwemvelo kuqala ukwenza futhi kushiya omncane kakhulu, okwazi ukukhiqiza inzalo enempilo ende. Ama-panda amancane akhula kancane, amehlo awo avuleka kuphela ngosuku lweshumi nesishiyagalombili. Owesifazane uzikhotha ngokucophelela futhi azondle ubisi kuphela. Eminyakeni emithathu yezinyanga, umbala wejazi uthola uhlobo olubomvu lwe-hue, okufanayo nase abadala. Manje amawundlu aqala ukushiya ngokunensa isidleke esimnandi ayofuna izihlahla zoqalo. Umndeni uhola indlela yokuphila eguqukayo futhi uhamba endaweni yonke kuze kube phakathi kobusika, futhi mhlawumbe kuwo wonke unyaka.
Owesifazane unakekelwa insikazi isikhathi eside, uchitha cishe sonke isikhathi sakhe samahhala nenzalo yakhe, ngoba ama-pandas amancane kuphela awakwazi ukusinda futhi azokufa. Endaweni yemvelo yep panda ebomvu, azikho izitha eziningi kakhulu, imvamisa isilwane siba yisisulu sengwe yeqhwa, kepha lolu hlobo lwedlozi selusondele ekuqothulweni. I-panda ebomvu ifakiwe kwi-International Red Book kusukela ngoMashi 1988, njengohlobo olusengozini. Zimbalwa kakhulu lezi zilwane ezinhle endaweni yazo yemvelo, ngokwemininingwane yakamuva kunabantu abacishe babe ngama-2500 kuphela. Izindawo zokuhlala ezibomvu zisongelwa ngokuqhekeka. Ama-bamboo amaningi kakhulu asikiwe ngenxa yezinhloso zabantu.
I-panda ihlala isengozini yokubhujiswa ngenxa yoboya bayo obuhle, yize ukuzingela izilwane kuvinjelwe yonke indawo, abazingeli abaqhubeka nokudubula izilwane eNdiya nasentshonalanga eseningizimu neChina. Kuthathwe izinyathelo zokugcina izinhlobo zezilwane ezifuywayo, njengamanje ama-panda abomvu angama-350 ahlala kumapaki angama-85 omhlaba, azalela ekudingisweni. Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule, baye bakhiqiza inzalo ephindaphindwe kabili inani lamaphasi ahlala ekudingisweni.
Ngaphandle kwezinyathelo ezithathiwe ukugcina inani lezinhlobo ezingandile, i-panda izala kancane. Kunezizathu zemvelo zalokhu: inani lamawundlu enzalweni lincane, futhi avela kanye ngonyaka, afinyelela ekukhulelweni kuphela eneminyaka eyi-18, futhi adla izinhlobo ezithile zezitshalo kuphela. Emvelweni wemvelo, ama-pandas afa ngezizathu eziningi ezihambisana nezinguquko ezimweni zokuphila. Ngakho-ke, i-ginger panda ihlala iyinyama ezisengozini.
Ama-panda abomvu adla kuzo zombili izimila nokudla kwemvelaphi yezilwane.
Kepha sethemba ukuthi lesi silwane ngeke sinyamalale ebusweni bomhlaba wethu, njengezinye izilwane eziningi. ubuntu bunamandla okulungisa amaphutha awo enziwe ebudlelwaneni nabafowethu abancane. Futhi izizukulwane ezizayo zabantu zizothokozela nesilo esihle. I-panda ebomvu iluhlobo lweMozilla. Kuhunyushwe kusuka kwisi-Chinese, hunho - "fire fox" - kuzwakala ngesiNgisi njengeFirefox.
Ngendlela, imininingwane eminingi ewusizo mayelana ne-pandas ebomvu ingatholakala kwiwebhusayithi sweetpanda.ru engxenyeni ye-pandas encane.
Leli gama lamukelwa isiphequluli esijwayelekile - "Mozilla Firefox". Mhlawumbe umkhiqizo owaziwayo uzosiza isilwane, futhi isibalo sezilo ezingandile kancane kancane sizolulama.
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