Ema-invertebrates amaningi asolwandle, okuqukethwe i-fluorine kuyinto 2. 15 mg nge-1 KI yento eyomile. Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-biiogenic zitholakele ku-Antarctic krill. Inani elikhulu lama-macro- kanye nama-microelements abalwa yi-calcium ne-magnesium.
I-Krill iyinto eluhlaza ethembisayo yohlu olubanzi lwemikhiqizo. Lapho bethuthukisa ubuchwepheshe babo, kuyadingeka ukubheka izici ezithile zale nto, okokuqala, umsebenzi ophakeme we-proteinolytic wama-enzyme wezitho zangaphakathi futhi. ngenxa yalokho, kokuphangwa okusheshayo kwe-krill ngemuva kokubamba. Kwakha ubunzima obuthile ekutholeni imikhiqizo enezici ezinzile zamakhemikhali kanye ne-organoleptic kusuka ku-krill, ushintsho ezinhlobonhlobo zokwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwenyama ngokuya ngosayizi, ubudala, ubulili, inkathi nendawo yendawo yokuhlala.
I-Shrimp ibonakala ngesakhiwo somzimba we-krill-like. Ngobukhulu nokwakhiwa ngobuningi nokuqukethwe kwenyama, ziyahlukahluka ngokuya nge-Shrimp. Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-100 ze-shrimp zinenani lentengiso. Iningi lazo libanjwa emanzini asezindaweni ezishisayo nasendaweni eshisayo. Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-65 ezentengiselwano futhi ezingaba ezentengiso emanzini athambile asempumalanga ye-hemisphere, kodwa phakathi kwazo izinhlobo ezi-2 ziqhakaze kakhulu ngokubaluleka: i-shrimp sand sand kanye ne-shrimp yasenyakatho ejulile yolwandle (Fig. 2.22).
U-fig. 2.22. Isihlahla sasenyakatho. 1 - rostrums 2 - antenna wokuqala: 3 - cprapactsnma: 4 - umhlathi, 5 - umlenze ophelele wesibili, 6 - isisindo somzimba wabhangqiwe, 7 - abafazi be-yogi, "S - umlenze wesisu, 9 - uropoy, 10 - teleson
izinhlobo zezentengiso. Ku-shrimp, inyama edliwayo itholakala emsileni (esiswini), embozwe izixhumanisi zegobolondo. Ku-cephalothorax, izitho zangaphakathi zawa hydrobionts zixhunyiwe.
Ubungako kanye nesisindo se-shrimp kuncike ohlotsheni, iminyaka nasezingeni lokuzala lesilwane. Ubude bomzimba wes shrimp busuka ku-6 kuye ku-20 cm, isisindo sohlobo olulodwa lusukela ku-5 kuye ku-50 g, okuqukethwe yinyama kusuka ku-30 kuye ku-40% wesisindo somzimba. Ngakho-ke, isisindo se-herbal shrimp isuka ku-4 iye ku-35 g (eyokuqala yi-I0. I2 g), i-shrimp ye-bear isuka ku-25 iye ku-80 g, i-shrimp shrbed isuka ku-50 iye ku-60 g, i-shrimp yesihlabathi isuka ku-6 kuye ku-8 g, i-rose shrimp isuka ku-6 kuye ku-8 g, i-shrimp ebomvu iphuma 5 kuya ku-12 g.
Shrimp ushintsha igobolondo (molt) kaninginingi. Ngesikhathi sokuncibilikisa, inyama eshisayo yehla ngevolumu futhi iba namanzi, ngenxa yalokho inani elingavuthiwe lehla kakhulu. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwenyama yezinhlobo ezithile ze-shrimp kuyafana futhi kuqukethe amanzi angama-71.5. I-79.6%, izinto ze-nitrogenous 16. 22%, lipids 0.7. I-2.3%, amaminerali afinyelela ku-2.0%. Amagobolondo eShimpi aqukethe amanzi (65%), lipids (3.4%), amaminerali (22%), i-nitrogen ephelele (6.7%) ne-Chitin (5%).
Amaprotheni enyama e-Shrimp aqedile. Ama-nitrojeni akhipha inyama eshisayo enza ama-22.25% we-nitrogen ephelele futhi amelelwa kakhulu ama-amino acid nama-polypeptides. Inyama ye-Shrimp iqukethe kusuka ku-1.0 kuye ku-120 mg / 100 g ye-indole.
Bangaphezulu kwama-40 fatty acids abonwe kuma-shrimp inyama lipids. Phakathi kwazo, amafutha e-asidi anama-asidi amaningi afinyelela ku-25%, futhi inani lama-acid angenakugcwala anenqwaba yamazibopho eziphindwe kabili ukusuka ku-1 kuye ku-6 angafinyelela ku-73% wokuqukethwe okuphelele kwama-asidi.
Ukudoba
Ingumthombo wokudla obalulekile. Ukudoba ngokubanzi kusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1900 eNorway, nakwamanye amazwe. Kuthengisiwe, kuphekwe noma kufrithwe ezikhwameni. Isidlakela esidumile sobhiya.
Kusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-alkaline phosphatase (SAP), i-enzyme esetshenziswe kwi-biology yamangqamuzana. I-carapace isebenza njengomthombo we-chitosan.
Habitat yasenyakatho pink shrimp.
Ama-shrimp asenyakatho aphuma ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-20 kuye kwangama-1330. Zigcinwa enhlabathini ethambile futhi eyisilika, emanzini olwandle okushisa oku ngu-0 ° C kuya ku-+14 ° C nosawoti ongu-33-34. Ekujuleni okufika kumamitha angamakhulu amathathu, amaqoqo amafomu eshidi.
I-Northern shrimp (i-Pandalus borealis)
Ukhathele ukuthenga i-shrimp etshalwe emanzini angcolile emapulazini amaShayina nawo?
Ikakhulu kuwe, indaba yethu yanamuhla mayelana nenye yezinhlobo ze-shrimp ethanda ukuthandwa phakathi kwabathengi baseRussia obekunganakwa ngokungafanele ngokungafanele yi-gourmets yangempela iminyaka eminingi. Kumayelana i-shrimp esenyakatho ejulile.
I-shrimp yasenyakatho: thatha noma ungathathi
Okokuqala, amanye amaqiniso esayensi. I-shrimp eseNyakatho (i-Pandalus borealis), ngaphandle kwalokho, i-shrimp ejulile yolwandle, i-shrimp yasendle noma epinki yasenyakatho. Igama elivame kakhulu yi-chillim yasenyakatho. Kusatshalaliswa kakhulu emanzini afudumele olwandle oluseFar East. Incane kunabalingani bayo bamanzi afudumele, futhi ihlala ekujuleni okungathi ngemithombo ehlukahlukene ingasukela kumamitha angama-20 kuye kwangama-1150. Mhlawumbe, esikhathini esedlule, inzalo encane kulolu hlobo lwe-shrimp kubadobi baseRussia ihlotshaniswa naleli qiniso. Muva nje, ekuqaleni kweminyaka engama-90s, lolu hlobo lwenhlwathi ekugcineni lwayinakwa, futhi muva nje kwaba ngenye yezindawo zokudoba ezinkulu emanzini aseMpumalanga Ekude.
Khuluma nge-shrimp yasendle
Ngikholwe, zintokazi abathandekayo kanye namanenekazi, lo omele amanzi amancane abandayo uyakufanela lokhu. Inani lomsoco we-shrimp yasenyakatho liphezulu kakhulu. Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo, amanzi abandayo, inethonya elihle ekunambithekeni nasekuqukethwe kubantu abadala bezinto ezimbalwa eziwusizo. Lawa ngamavithamini eqembu B (nakho konke.), A, C, D, E, PP, ama-macroelements anjenge-calcium, potassium, i-sodium, i-magnesium ne-phosphorus ngamanani amakhulu, kanye nezinto zokulandela: i-iron, i-zinc, yethusi, i-manganese ne-selenium . Kuyamangaza, akunjalo! Kepha ngaphandle kwalokhu, ngaphezu kwama-40 acid acid atholakala kuma-lipid ama-shrimps asenyakatho, phakathi kwawo lapho ama-polyunsaturated acids angafinyelela ku-73% wokuqukethwe okuphelele.
Siphetha: thatha ngokungathandeki
Izivakashi eziwusizo etafuleni lethu azivamile. Kepha uma udla ama-shrimp asenyakatho okungenani amahlandla ambalwa ngeviki, uzozivikela kunani lezifo ezinkulu, uvikele izinwele ezicijile nezinzipho, uzobukeka umncane futhi uzizwe umkhulu. Ukuba khona njalo kwe-shrimp yasenyakatho ekudleni kwakho kusiza ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwegazi nokulinganisela kwe-hormonal. Futhi ukunambitheka okuhlukile kuzoqinisekisa isimo esihle.
I-shrimp yangempela yasenyakatho nolwandle olujulile ingathengwa namuhla ngendlela ebilisiwe eqandisiwe, noma ngabe kuhanjiswa ekhaya. Futhi ungaqiniseka ukuthi lokhu akuyona i-shrimp ethunyelwe ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ebuyela eRussia ivela eRussia kusuka komakhelwane bethu abahle baseJapan ngentengo ephindwe kabili. Manje i-Northern shrimp ivunwa yizinkampani zokudoba zaseRussia olwandle oluseMpumalanga Ekude ngemifula ekhethekile. Ithemu engaqondakali, akunjalo? Ake sichaze, lezi akuyona izingibe ezijwayelekile zezimbongolo, kepha amasu wokuqamba wangempela okuvumela ukuthi uthole abantu besayizi ethile ngaphandle kokulimaza inani labantu. Yebo, yebo, futhi siyakwazi ukucabanga ngekusasa futhi sinakekele imvelo!
Iqiniso elithandekayo lesayensi: shintsha ushintsho ngocansi!
Ekhuluma ngokwesayensi, i-shrimp yasenyakatho iyi-protmandic hermaphrodite. Okusho ukuthi, iminyaka embalwa ehlala emhlabeni futhi uyindoda yangempela, kepha ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila kwakhe uguqula ubulili futhi abe ngowesifazane. Nali iqiniso elinjalo. Kuyamangaza futhi ukuthi abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa.
Mayelana nokunambitheka namakhalori
Ngokuvamile, i-shrimp yasenyakatho inokunambitheka okucebile okukhanyayo futhi okugqamile, inyama yayo ihlukaniswa ukuthungwa kwayo okuminyene. Okuqukethwe kilojoule akubalulekile kangako ukuthi abantu abanokudla kanye nabathandi bokuphila nje abanempilo bayakujabulela. Isixwayiso esibalulekile: Akukho ukupheka okudingekayo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, inyama ebabayo enoshukela izoba yirabha. Mane uthele i-shrimp ngamanzi abilayo. I-shrimp yasenyakatho isetshenziselwa ukwenza isobho, isaladi, ukudla okulula, izitsha ezihlukile, yidla njengesitsha esizimele. Izingane zibathanda ngempela. Abathandi besiphuzo esinamagwebu nabo bayabazisa.
Siyethemba ukuthi wena nomndeni wakho niyothanda isivakashi esisenyakatho. Ungathenga i-shrimp esenyakatho eMoscow ngentengo ephansi ngaphandle kwezindleko eziningi kanye nesiqinisekiso sekhwalithi enhle lapha.
Ukusakazeka kwe-pink shrimp yasenyakatho.
Ama-shrimp asenyakatho asatshalaliswa olwandle i-Atlantic Ocean kusuka ogwini lwaseNew England, eCanada, ugu olusempumalanga (kusuka eNewfoundland naseLabrador) kuya eningizimu nasempumalanga yeGreenland, e-Iceland. Bahlala emanzini aseSvalbard naseNorway. Kutholakale eNorth Sea oluya ku-English Channel. Sisatshalaliswa emanzini aseJapan, oLwandle i-Okhotsk, ngeBering Strait kude naseningizimu yeNyakatho Melika. Kutholakale eNyakatho nePacific Ocean oLwandle iBering.
Izimpawu zangaphandle ze-pink shrimp enyakatho.
I-Northern pink shrimp ikuvumelanise ukubhukuda kukholamu yamanzi. Inomzimba omude, ocindezelwe ezinhlangothini, ohlanganisa iminyango emibili - i-cephalothorax nesisu. I-cephalothoracic carapace yinde; ubude bayo bucishe bulingane nohhafu wobude bomzimba. Ebuthweni benkambiso yangaphakathi yamazinyo iso elilodwa lamehlo. Amehlo ayinkimbinkimbi futhi anezici eziningi ezilula, inani lazo likhuphuka njengoba i-shrimp ikhula. Umbono kaShrimp ungumbhalo ogqamile, kuyilapho isithombe sento sakhiwe ngezithombe eziningi ezihlukile ezivela kugceke ngalinye. Umbono onjalo womhlaba awucacile kakhulu futhi unenkungu.
Igobolondo le-dense chitin liyisivikelo esinokwethenjelwa sama-gill; liba mncane ngezansi.
Ama-shrimp asenyakatho anezimbambo eziyi-19 zemilenze. Imisebenzi yabo ihlukahlukene: izimpondo ziyizitho ezibucayi zokuthinta. Ama-mandibles asika ukudla, imihlathi ibambe inyamazane. Imilenze emide, ifakwe ubuhlalu obuncane, iguqulwa ukuze ihlanzise umzimba nezinsimbi ezingcolisweni yizihlalo zobumba. Izingalo ezisele zenza umsebenzi we-motor, mude kakhulu futhi zinamandla amakhulu. Imilenze yesisu isiza ukubhukuda, kepha kwezinye izimfanzi ziye zaphenduka isitho esikhulukazi (emadodeni), kwabesifazane zisebenza zithwala amaqanda.
Izici zokuziphatha kwe-pink shrimp yasenyakatho.
Ama-shrimp aseNyakatho asemanzini ahlelwe kancane kancane ngamalungu awo, ukunyakaza okunjalo akufani nokubhukuda. Ama-crustaceans ethukile agobile ngokugoba okubukhali kwe-caudal fin eqinile enza gxuma ngokushesha. Ukujikisa okunjalo kuyindlela ebalulekile yokuzivikela ekuhlaselweni umhlaseli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-shrimps enza ukugxuma abuyele emuva kuphela, ngakho-ke kulula ukubamba uma uletha inetha ngemuva, bese uzama ukubamba ngaphambili. Kulesi simo, i-shrimp igxumela inetha ngokwayo, ngaphandle kokulimaza umzimba.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-pink shrimp yasenyakatho.
Amapharagari apinki asenyakatho ayizidalwa ezihlukanayo. Bangabantu be-proterandric hermaphrodites futhi bashintsha ubulili beneminyaka engaba mine. Ngemuva kokuphothula ukukhula kwesibungu, lapho iswidi ishintsha iminyaka engu-1.5, iyabesilisa. Bese kuthi kube nokushintshwa kwezocansi nezinhlobo zemfashini njengabesifazane. Anamathisela amaqanda abekwe emilenzeni esiswini esiswini.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pink shrimp yasenyakatho kwenzeka ngokuqondile noma ngokuguqulwa, esimweni lapho kuvela khona izibungu.
Ifomu lokuqala le-larval libizwa ngokuthi i-nauplius, lihlukaniswa ubukhona bezimbambo ezintathu zemilenze nehlo elilodwa elakhiwe ngama-lobes amathathu. Ifomu lesibili - i-protozoa inomsila nezinqubo ezimbili (enye ifana nomlomo, eyesibili isesikhathini). Ngokuthuthuka okuqondile, i-crustacean encane iphuma ngokushesha emaqanda. Abesifazane bazala izinyanga ezine kuya kwezingu-4. Izibungu zibhukuda isikhashana ekujuleni okungashoni. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-1-2, zingena ezansi, lezi ngamahlumela amancane, futhi zikhula ngokushesha. Ngezikhathi ezithile, ukumunyanisa kwenzeka kuma-crustaceans. Ngalesi sikhathi, isembozo esidala se-chitinous sithathelwa indawo ungqimba oluthambile oluvikelayo, olunwebeka kalula nje ngemuva kokuncibilika.
Ngemuva kwalokho iba lukhuni futhi ivikele umzimba othambile wesimbali. Njengoba i-crustacean ikhula, kancane kancane i-carapace iba yincane, futhi futhi nesembozo se-chitinous sishintsha. Ngesikhathi sokuncibilika, i-pink shrimp yasenyakatho iba sengozini enkulu, futhi inyamazela izilwane eziningi zasemanzini. I-shrimp yasenyakatho yasolwandle ihlala cishe iminyaka eyi-8, ifinyelela ubude bomzimba obuyi-12,0 -16,5 cm.
Ukubaluleka kwezentengiselwano zasenyakatho pink.
I-Northern pink shrimp izingelwa ngamanani amakhulu; ukubanjwa minyaka yonke kufinyelela kumathani ayisigidi. Ukudoba kakhulu kuyenzeka oLwandle iBarents. Amaqoqo amakhulu asentabeni ka-shrimp atholakala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho-mpumalanga yeVictoria Island.
Ukulondolozwa kwamaCrustacean oLwandle iBarents kufinyelela cishe kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-400-500.
INyakatho pink shrimp nayo ithengiswa entshonalanga ye-Atlantic naseNyakatho ye-Atlantic, izindawo zokudoba eziphambili zigxiliwe eduze kwaseGreenland, futhi manje ama-shrimp abanjwe eningizimu eSt Lawrence Bay, Fundy Bay naseMaine Bay. Ukudoba kakhulu kuyenzeka esifundeni sase-Iceland naphaya ogwini lwaseNorway. Ama-shrimp aseNyakatho aphuzi enza ama-80 kuya kwangama-90% okubanjwayo ogwini olusentshonalanga lweKamchatka, eBering Sea nase-Alaska Bay. Lolu hlobo lwe-shrimp luthengiswa eKorea, e-USA, eCanada.
Usongo enyakatho ne-pink shrimp.
Ukudoba kwesisekelo sombala opinki wasenyakatho kudinga indawo yokuhlala yomhlaba. Ukubanjwa kwe-Shrimp eminyakeni yamuva kwehle izikhathi ezi-5. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amacala okubanjiswa ngokubekezelela ngokweqile kwe-cod yezinsana ayebekezelelwa kakhulu lapho kudotshwa.
Njengamanje, imikhumbi yaseRussia neyaseNorway ibamba endaweni yaseSpitsbergen ngaphansi kwelayisense ekhethekile elawula inani lezinsuku ezisebenzayo nenani lemikhumbi.
Ubungako obukhulu be-mesh be-35 mm buye babekwa. Ukuze ubeke umkhawulo wokubanjiswa, kuvalwa okwesikhashana izindawo zokudoba, lapho kudotshwa khona kakhulu i-fry of haddock, cod, black halibut kanye ne-bass sea.
Ukudotshwa kwe-Shrimp endaweni evikela izinhlanzi ezungeze iSvalbard kuhlolwe njalo, njengoba kukhona ukukhathazeka ngokuthi ukunikezwa kwe-shrimp yasenyakatho kungancishiswa. Izwe ngalinye labiwa inani elithile lezinsuku zokudoba. Isibalo esikhulu sezinsuku zokudotshwa kwehle ngo-30%.
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