ulwazi oluvamile
UVaranus becarri waziwa ngeBlack Wood Varan noma i-Aran ye-Aru Islands. Njengoba igama lisho, bavela eziqhingini zase-Aru, ezisogwini olusentshonalanga nePapua New Guinea. Lezi yizibungu ezincane ezihlala isikhathi esiningi sezimpilo zazo eziqongweni zezihlahla emahlathini aminyene esiqhingi, kanye nakuma-mangroves nezinye izimila. Akukho okuningi okwaziwayo ngemvelo yabo nokuziphatha endaweni yabo yemvelo, ikakhulu ngenxa yendlela yabo yokuphila yasendulo nobukhulu obuncane.
Uma nje lezi zibankwa zokuqapha zithathwe njengeziyingxenye yeVaranus prasinus noma i-morph yazo. Namuhla bahlukaniswa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Iqoqo lonke lezingodo zemithi zihlanganisa izibankwa ezahlukahlukene ezingabacacisi kahle amatekisi abo: isibonelo, Varanus prasinus, Varanus prasinus kordensis, Varanus bogerti, Varanus teriae, Varanus telenesetes, Varanus keithhornei. Kulokhu, sibheka ukudingiswa kwesilokotho sokuqapha esimnyama, noma kunjalo, kungenzeka kakhulu, izimo zokuyigcina kanye nezinhlobo ezifakwe kuhlu ziyafana kakhulu.
Iningi elikhulu, uma kungenjalo, lonke lezikhala ezimnyama ezingabonakala ngokuthengiswa zingabantu bemvelo. Izimo zokufuthwa kuthunjwa azivamile kakhulu - ikakhulukazi ama-zoo athile kanye nama-amateurs azimele athole impumelelo kulo mkhakha, ngakho-ke ukuthola i-lizon ye-Black track ekudingisweni ngeke kube ngumsebenzi olula.
Ngokomzimba, ziyefana kakhulu ne-Emerald qapha izimbokodo, kodwa ziyakwazi ukukhula ngobukhulu obuncane. Ukuma kwabo kukhombisa umnyombo wendlela yabo yokuphila. Lezi izibungu zikanokusho, zinentamo ende, inhloko encane. Amazinyo amade futhi abukhali, okubuye futhi kube yisici esibonakalayo sabasebenza ngamapulangwe - amazinyo amade uwavumela ukuba abambe kangcono futhi abambe inyamazane eziliminyeni eziminyene. Imilenze mide futhi mncane, kungashiwo ukuthi mncane, kanti iminwe ifakwe ngokubukhali njengezinzipho zenaliti ezikuvumela ukuba ubambe ngokuthembekile futhi ugibele amagatsha. Umsila onesisindo esiphindwe kabili ubude uma uqhathanisa okokuqapha kusuka ekhaleni kuya esisekelweni somsila, futhi uvumelana ngokuphelele nokubamba amagatsha, empeleni yi-paw yesihlanu.
Umbala ngesikhathi sokuzalwa unombala omncane olula, ompunga omnyama, onamabala aluhlaza obude emzimbeni (iBennett, 1998), kepha uma iminyaka yobudala, izibungu ziyaqhakaza futhi zibe umbala ofanayo wamalahle omnyama. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi imibala yabantu abadala u-Beccari iyisidina futhi iyabukeka, kepha eqinisweni ukubukeka kwalezi zibankwa kuyamangaza, zibukeka zihehe kakhulu kumaphethelo ahlotshiswe kahle.
Izidingo zokukhanyisa nokushisa ku-terrarium
IVaranus becarri ivela esimweni sezulu esishisayo lapho amazinga okushisa esikhathi sasemini ephakeme impela. Emvelweni, i-Black Lizard thermoregulation yenzeka ngenxa yokugcotshwa yilanga, ukungena phakathi kwezimila eziqongweni zezihlahla, noma ezindaweni ezikhanyiswe kahle ngaphandle kwamagatsha namaqabunga (angikwazi lokhu, kodwa ngandlela thile le nguqulo iyona enengqondo kakhulu). Kunoma yikuphi, ukuze abantu balesi silwane bahlinzekele ukuchuma ku-terrarium, kubalulekile ukunikeza ukushisa nokukhanya.
Ekuthunjweni Izithambo zokuqapha ezimnyama zigcinwa ngempumelelo kuma-terrariums, lapho izinga lokushisa endaweni yokushisa lisuka ku-38-43 ° C. Izinga lokushisa langemuva kufanele ligcinwe esifundeni sama-29-30 ° C.
Ngokuya ngosayizi nokwakheka kwale ndawo yokuhlala, uzodinga ukuthola inhlanganisela efanelekile yamalambu adingekayo ukufudumeza ivolumu etholakalayo. Kukhona izibani zokushisa ezikhethekile ezenzelwe izirhubuluzi, kepha ungasebenzisa izibani ezijwayelekile ze-incandescent, kepha uma uthola ukuthi isibani asinikezi ukushisa okwanele, kuzodingeka usebenzise ukulungiswa okwengeziwe kokukhanyisa. Ngale njongo, uma udinga ukushisa okuningi kunokukhanya, ungasebenzisa i-ceramic hita - ayinikezeli ukukhanya, kepha ifudumala kahle. Qiniseka ukuthi uqinisekisa ukuthi kunokuhlukahluka kwezinga lokushisa ku-terrarium, hhayi ukubanda okungafani nokushisa njalo noma ukushisa, ngoba lokhu kuzodala izingcindezi nezinkinga zempilo esilwaneni. Izibazi kufanele zikwazi ukubanda noma, kunalokho, zifudumale lapho zifuna. Okubalulekile: noma kunjalo ungavumeli ukuthintana ngokuqondile kwezibuko zokuqapha ngamadivayisi wokukhanya nokushisa lokhu kungadala ukushiswa okukhulu. Imizwa yabo enobuhlakani maqondana nokushisa ayifani neyethu, bangashisa isikhumba ngokushesha okukhulu, benganakile masinyane. Vala izinto ezisetshenziswayo noma uzibeke kude lapho izikhala zokuqapha zingakwazi ukuzithinta.
Uma ukukhanya kungakhanyi ngokwanele, ungafaka isibani se-fluorescent sokukhanya okwengeziwe. Amahora wemini kufanele ahlale amahora ayi-12, ukuze kube lula, ungasebenzisa isibali sikhathi esisetshenziswayo. Ungesabi ukuzama ubude besikhathi sasemini - ungahle ubone ukuthi kunesilinganiso esifanelekile, futhi mhlawumbe ungaqiniseka ukuthi ayidlali indima enkulu. Ngeke ngigxile kakhulu esicini sokuqukethwe maqondana nezidingo zemisebe ye-UV ethangini, ngizothi nje asikho isiqinisekiso se-100% noma sokuthi badinga ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, noma ukuthi bahlupheka ukungabikho kwayo. Abantu abaningi bagcine ngokuphumelelayo ukuqapha izinyoka ngamalambu e-UV nangaphandle kwawo. Lo mbuzo uhlala uvulekile futhi udinga ucwaningo olwengeziwe.
Ebusuku, izinga lokushisa langemuva kwi-terrarium akufanele lehle ngaphansi kuka-24 ° C. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokugcina izinga lokushisa oyifunayo wukusebenzisa ama-heater akho e-ceramic ku-terrarium yakho, noma ukufaka i-heaters yegumbi. Uma izinga lokushisa efulethini lakho lingawi ngaphansi komkhawulo ovumelekile noma kunjalo, khona-ke akufanele ukhathazeke ngokushisa okwengeziwe.
Ukuthenga noma ukwakha i-terrarium ye-lizrate yokuqapha emnyama ngezandla zakho, kufanele unake kakhulu ukuphakama kunobude. Khumbula ukuthi ukuqapha izibankwa kuzokhululeka kakhudlwana kuhlobo lwethala elime mpo, okuzobavumela ukuthi benze umsebenzi wabo wemvelo, okungukuthi ukugibela nokugibela amagatsha. Lokhu, ngokweqiniso, akusho ukuthi ngeke bathande indawo enhle ephansi, ngoba nabo ngeke badelele ukwehla emagatsheni besiya emhlabathini. Ubukhulu obuvumelekile bobukhulu bethrafikhi yezibankwakazi zokuqapha eziMnyama buyi-150 cm X X ukuphakama okungama-X 75 cm okujulile. Vele, lokhu kungumbono nje, kunoma yikuphi, ungazama ukusebenzisa amanye ama-terrariums, amancane, kepha amakhulu angcono.
Izibungu ezimnyama zingaba novalo impela futhi zithanda ukuhlala ezindlini zokukhosela, ngaphandle kokubona umuntu, okungenani kuze kube yilapho ekugcineni zizijwayeza emakhaya abo, ngakho-ke i-terrarium kumele igcwale zonke izinhlobo zezimila. Ungasebenzisa izimbali zokufakelwa, amaqabunga kanye nezikhwanyana, ezithengiswa ezitolo eziningi zensimu yasekhaya ngenani eliphansi kakhulu. Ku-terrarium, kuyadingeka nokuthi kubekwe amagatsha lapho kuqapha izinyoka khona ngokukhululeka. Amagatsha abaluleke kakhulu ukuze abambelele ngokuqinile ezindongeni zethala ukuze angawi futhi akwazi ukumelana nesisindo sezikhala zokubheka. Abanye abantu beVaranus becarri bangahlala beyimfihlo futhi benovalo, kanti abanye bayazithoba futhi bajwayele imvelo entsha. Kuzo zombili lezi zimo, noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka izimbongi zokuqapha ngezindawo zokukhosela eziningi endaweni ethile ye-terarium, kufudumele futhi kupholile. Kubalulekile ukubeka izindawo zokukhosela engxenyeni engenhla ye-terrarium, phakathi kwamagatsha. Ukungena endaweni yokukhosela enjalo kufanele kube nje ngokwanele ukuze i-lizard yokuqapha ikhuphuke ngaphakathi. Ungazenza indawo yokuhlala, kepha futhi ungathola ezenzelwe wena. Isibonelo, ezinye izindawo zokukhosela nezidleke zezinyoni ezivalekile zidlala le ndima ngokuphelele. Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi izindawo zokukhosela zivikelekile ngokuqinile phakathi kwamagatsha. Ukuzenzela wena noma ukuthola indawo yokukhosela eyenziwe ngomumo, kubalulekile ukuthi umgcini aqale acabange ngokutholakala kwale ndawo yokuhlala - kuzofanele ayithole ngezikhathi ezithile zokugeza nokuhlanza, noma ukuthola iqhude lomqaphi, futhi uma unenhlanhla, bese uyikhipha amaqanda. Kukholakala ukuthi emvelweni, u-Varanus becarri usebenzisa iziqu zembobo neziyingi njengezindawo zokukhosela, ngakho-ke kukhona ukucabanga okuncane futhi ungaphinda wenze into enjengale ku-terrarium.
I-mulch ye-Concherous ilungile njengendawo eyisisekelo yama-lizon qapha ama-lizard. Ungasebenzisa futhi inhlabathi yezimbali, i-sphagnum, amaqabunga noma inhlanganisela yayo. Ingane ye-coniferous ibukeka kahle futhi ikuvumela ukuthi ugcine umswakama kahle. Izikhala ezimnyama zithanda umswakama ophezulu ngokwanele, ngakho-ke i-terrarium kufanele ifafazwe njalo.
Ukondla
Abantu abasha weVaranus becarri kufanele badle ukudla okulinganayo. Kukholelwa ukuthi lezi zibankwa zokuqapha azikwazi ukugaya inyamazane enoboya (ngokwesibonelo, amagundane), kodwa empeleni, lezo zinkinga zingavela lapho izinga lokushisa endaweni yokushisa lingaphakeme ngokwanele, kepha akunakuqinisekwa okuqondile kwalokhu noma lokho. Njengoba bachitha iningi lempilo yabo emagatsheni ezihlahla, emvelweni yezilwane ezincelisayo kungaba yinto engeyona eyedlule ekudleni kwabo kwemvelo, ngoba bahlala kakhulu emhlabathini, okusho ukuthi isisu sabo asishintshashintshwa kakhulu ukugaya lolu hlobo lokudla, kepha lokhu, futhi, kumcabango nje.
Kubalulekile ukunikeza izinyoni ukudla okuhlukahlukene. Izinto zokudla ezikulungele ukondla zifaka amakhethini, amaqhude, izikelemu zikafulawa, nezinye izinambuzane (ezingambozwa yimithi yokubulala izinambuzane), amaqanda, amagundane angenazintwala kanye namagundane nenyama yenkukhu ethambile (isb. Turkey). Abanye abagcini ngezikhathi ezithile banezela ukudla kwenyama okuphezulu kwamakati ekudleni futhi, ngendlela, bayaphumelela ukuzalanisa izibankwa ezimnyama. Okubalulekile: Amanzi ahlanzekile kufanele abe khona ngaso sonke isikhathi ku-terrarium.
Usayizi nokuziphatha
UVaranus becarri ungowezikhala ezincane zokuqapha. Abamele lezi zinhlobo bayamamatheka, banemilenze emide emincane, babhekisise izibankwa, yingakho zingabizwa ngokuthi ama-lanky. Azinkulu njengabanye abamele amaqhude aqapha, ngakho-ke, noma zingafinyelela ku-90 cm ubude ngomsila, ngeke zibukeke zinkulu njengezibankwa zeSavannah. Ngakho-ke, ngibabiza bancane ngosayizi. Noma zingakhula ngaphezu kwama-90 cm ubude, umsila uzokwakha ama-60-70% alo ubude.
Okusanda kulethwa ama-Black Lizards kungaba yimfihlo kakhulu futhi kunamahloni. Kuzothatha isikhathi futhi ukuba khona kwezindawo zokukhosela eziningi e-terrarium, kanye nokunakekelwa ngokucophelela nangokuthembekile, ukuze izibungu zijwayele lesi simo esisha. Kunconywa ukuthi ubheke ama-lizons aqapha nge-hepatologist ukuthola ukutholakala kwamagciwane ayingozi namabhaktheriya maduze nje ngemuva kokuhlala ku-terrarium. Uhambo olude nokuhamba kuthinta kabi izibankwa futhi kuzifaka ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu, ngakho-ke zivame ukufika zingabi sesimweni esihle. Nikeza izilwane ukufinyelela kumanzi ahlanzekile futhi zifafaze njalo i-terrarium ukuze izilwane ziphinde zigcwalise umswakama wazo. Ekuqaleni, bazofihla okuningi, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi bazoqala ukubonakala kaningi kusuka emashalofini.
Ukusabela okuvikelekile uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi kwizibankwakazi kufaka ukuluma, ukuklabaza owonile ngezihlakala nokuwohloka. Izibani zinezimbotshana ezinamazinyo abukhali kakhulu, futhi, okubaluleke, ziyisebenzisa ngekhono. Umsila, nokho, awusetshenziswa njengendlela yokuzivikela, yize izikhala zezinye izinhlobo ziphumelela kakhulu ekulweni nazo. Kunezimo eziningi lapho izibankwakazi ezimnyama zijwayela ngokuphelele ukuhleleka kwethrastium, umgcini azenzele insimbi futhi athathe ukudla ezandleni. Kufanele uthathe izikelemu zokuqapha ngokucophelela, ngoba zihlala kahle futhi zigugile, futhi ziyakwazi ukukushintsha masinyane indawo yezandla zakho kukuwe, ngombono wazo, owamukelekayo ngokwengeziwe.
Ukuzala
Lesi sigaba silotshwe nguMichael Stephanie.
Izindlela ezichazwe lapha zingisize ngempumelelo ekuzaleni ama-Black Lizards. Ngiqukethe iqembu le-1,2 elihlala lihlangana. Amazinga okushisa e-terrarium yawo angama-29- 32 °,, futhi izinga lokushisa endaweni eshisayo ingaphezulu kwama-38 ° С. Umswakama uphakeme, phakathi kuka-70 no-100%. Ukuze ngilondoloze umswakama onjalo, angasebenzisi i-substrate e-terrarium - esikhundleni sayo yonke indawo ephansi ihlalwa yindawo yokugcina amanzi, kanye nesitshalo sokufafaza esifutha i-30% yesikhala se-terarium. Ngenkathi yesikhathi sonyaka owomile eyenziwe ngokwezifiso ku-terrarium (cishe izinyanga ezi-3), i-terrarium ifafazwa izikhathi ezi-2-3 ngesonto. Ngenkathi yemvula (cishe izinyanga ezi-2), i-terrarium ifafazwa nsuku zonke futhi inala kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, okungenzeka kakhulu, ukuqapha izibankwa kuyothambekela kakhulu ekuzaleni.
Ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi ukuzalanisa kudinga ukudla okuhlukahlukene. Ngokuyisisekelo, ngondla izinambuzane (amakhethini, amaqhude, njll.) Kwizibuko zokuqapha, futhi ngizinikeze ze. Njengamavithamini, ngisebenzisa okungeziwe okungu-MINER-WONKE (okwenziwe ngamaPulazi oLimi LwamaStick). Imikhuba yokuqukethelwa kwami iholele ekuzalweni okuphindaphindiwe okuphumelelayo.
Isihloko sokuqala sikhona lapha. Zonke izithombe zithathwa emithonjeni ehlukahlukene ukuze kubhekiselwe kuzo kuphela.
Abamele izikebhe zokuqapha ekhaya
Kuyaziwa ukuthi lezi zilava zivame ukujwayela abantu kahle, okuba yingxabano enkulu yokuba nabo endlini yakho. Abathandi bezingulube banethemba lokuthi bazothatha isikhwanyana esincane, babambe inyamazane futhi basenze silwe, sisetshenziswe ngokuphelele kubantu futhi singaziboni njengento yokuhlukumeza. Ngokwengxenye kungenzeka. Ezinye izinhlobo zamazibuko okuqapha azidluli ngesisindo esingu-5 kg, futhi ubude bomzimba wazo zivame ukuhluka ngaphakathi kwamamitha ayi-1. Ubungako obunjalo bezilwane ezifuywayo buhambisana nabantu abafuna ukuyigcina ekhaya labo. Ukuvela kwalezi zibankwa zokuqapha nakho kuyakhanga: umzimba omuhle ocwazimulayo wombala woqobo, ongajwayelekile wezingwe. Ngokuqondene nomoya, kungavinjelwa: kanye nesibindi, izilwane zinamahloni impela.
Tegu ezejwayelekile
Ummeleli walezi ziqophamlando ufinyelela kumamitha ayi-1,2 ubude ngesisindo somzimba esingadluli ku-5 kg. Umbala ojwayelekile kubo ngombala onsundu ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (yingakho igama lesibili - i-blue tagu). Ngasemuva komdlwane kukhona imivimbo eguqukayo engu-9-10 ngesimo samabala aphuzi. Zingabekwa futhi emsileni noma ngemuva kwekhanda lesigcwala.
ISteppe (Cape) siqaphe isililo
Ubukhulu bomzimba wesilwane esifuywayo ngamasentimitha ayi-110 (ngaphandle komsila), kepha uma ulinganisa owokugcina, khona-ke ubude obugcwele besigcilikisha esijwayelekile sesivele sigcwele amamitha ayi-2. Umbala wazo ungahluka kusuka kumpunga kuya nsundu, unamabala afiphuzi afanayo, kepha futhi kube mnyama omnyama. Emsileni, izindandatho ezinsundu nezimphuzi ziyashintsha. Lolu hlobo lokubeka amaqanda ezihuquzelayo ku-clutch eyodwa lungaletha amaqanda ayi-15 kuye kwangama-30.
Umqaphi omnyama nokuphila kwakhe e-terrarium
Izikeleza ezimnyama noma izibankwa ezivela e-Aru Island yizidalwa ezincane ezichitha iningi lazo izimpilo zazo eziqongweni zezihlahla. Izwe lezilokotho ezimnyama zokuqapha liyisiqhingi sase-Aru, zihlala emahlathini aminyene alesi siqhingi nasezihlahleni zem mangango.
Phambilini, izibankwakazi ezimnyama zazibhekwa njengezincanyana ze-Varanus prasinus, kepha namuhla zabelwe ezinhlotsheni ezihlukile. Okutholakala kakhulu ekuthengisweni ngabantu abangokwemvelo. Ekudingisweni, azalwa kakhulu. Impumelelo kulokhu kulula ibonwa ikakhulu phakathi kwe-zoos.
Ukubukeka kwamazibuko aqapha amnyama
Ngaphandle, izibankwa ezimnyama ziyafana nezibungu ze-emerald, kepha zikhulu kakhulu. Imizimba minene, izitho zinciphile, ngakho-ke lezi zibankwakazi zokubheka ukubukeka ziyinhle.
Ubude obunomsila bungafinyelela amasentimitha angama-90. Ukwakheka kwalezi zigodi zokuqapha kubonisa indlela yazo yokuphila: zinomzimba omncane, intamo ende, nekhanda elincane. Amazinyo amazibuko amnyama abukhali futhi mide, ngosizo lwawo izibambo zibamba inyamazane phakathi kwezimila eziminyene.
Izilokotho ezimnyama zokuqapha (Varanus beccari).
Iminwe incane futhi yinde, igcina ngezinaliti ezibukhali, ezinjengezinaliti, izigqoko, zisiza ukuqapha izimbungulu ukuze ziqhubeke emagatsheni ezihlahla. Umsila we-lizard wokuqapha uphinda kabili kunomzimba, unamandla ayishumi futhi uyakwazi ukubopha amagatsha, okungukuthi, yi-paw eyengeziwe.
Ebantwaneni abasha, umbala ulula, unamamaki emzimbeni wonke, kepha uma iminyaka yobudala, umbala uba mnyama namalahle. Izikhala zomgibeli omnyama zibukeka zizinhle kakhulu kuma-terrariums akhanyayo.
Izici zokuziphatha kwamazibuko amnyama
Izinyoka ezintsha ezisanda kutholwa zingaba namahloni. Ukuguqulwa kufanele kuthathe isikhathi. Kunconywa ukuhlola izilwane ezifuywayo nge-hepatologist ukuthola ukutholakala kwamagciwane namagciwane.
Uhambo olude kunomthelela ongemuhle kwisimo sezibankwakazi eziqapha, ziba nengcindezi. Imvamisa bafike bengekho esimeni esibi.
UVaranus becarri waziwa ngeBlack Wood Varan noma i-Aran ye-Aru Islands.
Isilwane kumele sibe nokufinyelela emanzini ahlanzekile. I-terrarium ihlala ifafazwa ukuze umswakama uphinda ugcwaliswe emzimbeni wezibankwa zokuqapha.
Ngesikhathi sokuvikelwa, ukuqapha ama-lizs ukuluma, ukuqala, nokulimala nakho kuyindlela yokuzivikela kulezi zilwane. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi amazinyo nezihlakala zamazibuko okuqapha abukhali. Azisebenzisi umsila, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zezinto, njengendlela yokuvikela, yize abafowabo bengakwazi ukulwa nomsila ngempumelelo.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izibankwakazi ezimnyama zijwayela ukuhlelwa kwethrafikhi, zize zivumele ziklanywe futhi zithathwe.
Emvelweni, umthetho we-thermo kuZimnyama ukuqapha izikelezi kwenzeka ngenxa yokugcotshwa yilanga.
Ukukhanyiswa kweTerrarium nokufudumeza kokuqapha izibankwa ezivela e-Aru Island
Emvelweni, lezi zibungu zokuqapha zihlala endaweni eshisayo, lapho amazinga okushisa enyukela emikhawulweni ephezulu. Ema-terrariums adinga ukuhlinzeka ngokushisa nokukhanya.
Ephuzwini lokufudumala, izinga lokushisa akufanele libe ngaphansi kwama-38-43 degrees, izinga lokushisa ingemuva ligcinwa lingama-29-30 degrees. Ebusuku, izinga lokushisa langemuva lehliselwa kuma-24 degrees.
Izimo zokufuthwa kuthunjwa azivamile kakhulu - ikakhulukazi ama-zoo athile nabathandi abazimele bathole impumelelo kulo mkhakha.
Ukufudumeza kwenziwa kusetshenziswa izibani ezikhethekile zokufudumeza ezihuquzelayo. Kumele kube nomehluko wokushisa, uma kugcinwa amazinga okushisa eyodwa ku-terrarium, khona-ke umqaphi angahlangabezana nengcindezi, ezodala izinkinga zempilo.
Uma isibani singakhanyi ngokwanele, kufakwa isibani esingeziwe se-fluorescent. Isikhathi sasemini kufanele sibe amahora ayi-12.
Kuhlelwa ithala lezinyoni ezimnyama
Ukunakwa okuningi kukhokhelwa ekuphakameni nasebangeni le-terrarium. Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-terrarium yohlobo lwe mpo ukuze izibankwa zikwazi ukugibela amagatsha. Izimbotshana zamazibuko amnyama zigcinwa kudoti ongamamitha ayi-150 ngamasentimitha angama-75 ukuphakama kwamasentimitha angama-75.
Izikebhe ezimnyama zinovalo ngokwemvelo, zivame ukukhetha ukuhlala ezindlini zokukhosela, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi zivunyelwe. Ngakho-ke, i-terrarium igcwele imifino. Amahlamvu okwakha nawo angasetshenziswa.
Imigodi namagatsha lapho angakhuphuka khona kufanele kubekwe ekhaya lamazizi aqapha amnyama. Ukuguqulwa kungalingani, abanye abantu baqala ukuhamba ngenkuthalo bezungeza i-terrarium, kanti abanye bahlala benovalo. Ama-Shelter akhiwa hhayi ngaphansi kuphela, kodwa futhi phakathi kwamagatsha, engxenyeni engenhla yokuhlala.
Khumbula ukuthi ukuqapha izibankwakazi kuzozizwa zikhululekile kakhudlwana ku-tertium yohlobo olume mpo.
Amakhemikhali kufanele aqiniswe kahle, kepha uma kunesidingo kalula ukukhipha, njengoba kwesinye isikhathi kuyodingeka asuswe futhi ahlanze. Noma khipha amaqanda kuzo uma unenhlanhla, futhi izibankwa zizolala.
Kuhle ukusebenzisa i-mulif ye-coniferous njenge-substrate; inhlabathi yezimbali, amaqabunga, i-sphagnum noma inhlabathi exubile nayo iyafaneleka. Inketho enhle ingaba yizicucu ezihlanganayo zokubamba umswakama kahle. Ngokuvamile, umswakama e-terrarium kufanele ube phezulu impela, ngakho-ke udinga ukuwufafaza njalo.
Yondla izikhala ezimnyama
Izilokazana ezincane zomqaphi omnyama zondliwa ngokulinganayo. Kukholelwa ukuthi lezi zibankwa ezinobunzima bokugaya inyamazane ngoboya, ngokwesibonelo, amagundane. Kodwa empeleni, lezi zinkinga ziqhamuka emazingeni okushisa aphansi ku-terrarium endaweni yokushisa.
Ngokuvamile, izilwane ezincelisayo akuvame ukunikezwa izibankwakazi ezimnyama, ngoba izibungu zihlala emvelweni ikakhulukazi ezihlahleni, kanti izilwane ezincelisayo azivame ukungena esiswini sazo.
Izikhala ezimnyama zingaba novalo futhi zithanda ukuhlala ezindlini zokukhosela, emehlweni abantu.
Ukudla kwama-lizons amnyama kumele kwehluka, kungaqukatha: amaqhude, amakhethini, izinambuzane, ummbila, amagundane anqunu, amaqanda, inyama yenkukhu ethambile. Kwesinye isikhathi izibankwakazi ezimnyama zondliwa ngokudla inyama yekati esezingeni eliphezulu, kukholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuyasiza ngokuzalanisa.
Izikhala ezimnyama kufanele zibe namanzi ahlanzekile.
Ukuzala izinyosi ezimnyama
Ukuze izikhala zokuqapha zizale, iqembu ligcinwa ndawonye ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinga lokushisa ku-terrarium ligcinwa endaweni yokufudumeza engenhla kwama-degrees angama-38, futhi nasendaweni epholile - ama-29- degrees.
Umswakama kufanele ube phezulu kakhulu - ukusuka ku-70 kuye ku-100%. Ukufeza lokhu kuswakama, isifafaza sifakwa ku-terrarium, esizofafaza i-30% yesikhala.
Abanye abantu beVaranus becarri bangahlala beyimfihlo futhi benovalo, kanti abanye bayazithoba futhi bajwayele imvelo entsha.
Kwezinyanga ezintathu balingisa isikhathi esomile, lapho i-terrarium ifafazwa kancane - izikhathi ezi-2-3 ngesonto. Isikhathi semvula sihlelelwe izinyanga ezimbili, ngaleso sikhathi sifafazwa nsuku zonke, futhi siningi. Ngalesi sikhathi, izibungu ezimnyama zivame ukukhombisa umsebenzi wokuzala.
Ukuzalanisa ngempumelelo izibankwa ezimnyama, kuyadingeka ukuthi uzinikeze ngokudla okuhlukahlukene. Ngokuyisisekelo bondliwe ngamakhaza kanye namakhethini, ungapha futhi nqunu. Izithako zokumbiwa phansi zisetshenziswa njengamavithamini. Izindlela ezinjalo zokuhlanza ziholele emiphumeleni ephindaphindekile yokuphumelela.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
20.02.2019
I-lizard black monitor lizard (lat. Varanus beccari) ingeyomndeni wakwaVaranidae. Lesi esinye sezilokotho ezimbalwa zokuqapha eziye zajwayela ukuhlala ezihlahleni. Umsila wayo usuphenduke isitho esithembekile sokubamba esikuvumela ukuba ubambe amagatsha ngomusa futhi uwagcine ungaweli phansi. Ngosizo lwayo, ibhungane lafunda ukuhamba ngesibindi emihlathini ephezulu yehlathi.
Kuze kube ngu-1991, lesi silwane sasibhekwa njengengaphansi kwesikhonkwane esiluhlaza okotshani (Varanus prasinus). Zombili lezi zinhlobo zihlala ama-biotopes afanayo futhi zinemikhuba efanayo. Umehluko phakathi kwabo wasungulwa ngocwaningo lwezakhi zofuzo olwenziwa ngumbhali wezamachilo waseJalimane uThomas Ziegler ngonyaka we-2007.
Izilokazana ezimnyama zokuqapha ziyisiphetho seziqhingi zase-Aru, eziseLwandle i-Arafura nengxenye ye-Indonesia.
Yatholwa okokuqala ngo-1872 ngusosayensi wemvelo wase-Italy u-Odoardo Beccari ngesikhathi sokuhamba uhambo lwesayensi eNew Guinea. Ukuchazwa kwezinhlobo ezintsha kwenziwa ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa nguMarquis Giacomo Doria.
Ukuziphatha
Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zihlala emvuleni ezishisayo nasezihlathini zamaMangrove eziqhingini zaseVokam, Cobroor, Maykor naseTrangan. Zitholakala kuphela ezindaweni eziphansi, zigwema indawo enezintaba. Izibungu zihlala emiqheleni yezihlahla, zehlela ebusweni benhlabathi kuphela ukuze zibekele amaqanda.
Izikebhe ezimnyama ezinamapulangwe ziyasebenza phakathi nesikhathi semini.
Cishe usuku lonke bamatasa bafuna ukudla. Ekuseni ngemuva kokuvuka, bafika endaweni ekhanyiswe yilanga futhi bageza ilanga ukuze bazifudumise futhi babuyisele imetabolism emuva kokujwayelekile. Abazi ukuthi bakulawula kanjani izinga lokushisa komzimba ngokuzimela.
Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zigijima ngokushesha, ngakho lapho kuvela izinyamazane zizama ukubaleka. Badlula ekuphikiseni okusebenzayo kuphela lapho zonke izindlela zokubuyela emuva zinqanyuliwe. Ukuluma okugcwele intukuthelo kunokuluma, ukukhahlela, kanye nokuzikhulula. Esimweni esiphazamisekile, uyakhuphuka futhi enze imisindo yokukhala ngokuxhuma.
Izilokazana ezimnyama zokuqapha zinombono othuthuke kahle kakhulu. Banokuzwa okuhle kakhulu. Lapho bezingela, ngaphezu kwalokho bathola isisulu besebenzisa isitho esonakele, abanaso ekugcineni kolimi olubiyelwe.
Izitha eziyinhloko zemvelo izinyoka nezimpungushe ezilethwa eziqhingini. Zibhubhisa ikakhulukazi izingane ezincane kanye nokubeka amaqanda ezinsikazi.
Amanzi okuqapha amanzi
Isibankwa esinjalo sokuqapha sihlala endaweni yasemanzini - ngakho-ke, ukuze simnikeze indawo yokuhlala enethezekile, umnikazi kufanele athenge hhayi i-terrarium, kodwa i-aquarium. Ngokwemvelo, izibankwa zamanzi zizolile futhi zilingana. Banesifiso kuphela kwezidingo ezimbili empilweni: ukutholakala njalo kokudla namanzi ahlanzekile e-aquarium. Ngokuqondene nokudla, bona, njengomhlaba, abathobeki ekukhetheni kokudla (ukudla kuyinto ejwayelekile).
Umsoco
Isisekelo sokudla izinambuzane nezinhlobonhlobo zama-orthoptera Izikhonkwane ezimnyama nazo zidla iminenke nogebhezi. Lapho kuvela ithuba, baphanga izidleke zenyoni bese bedla amathole aqanjiwe.
Ngokwezinga elincane, imenyu yansuku zonke ihambisana nezinyoka ezincane, izibankwa namagundane. Ukudla kutholakala kuphela ezihlahleni. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezihlala ema mangroves zihlala zidla imifantu.
Lapho kufaneleka, zibulala izilwane ezincelisayo ezinesisindo esingama-40 g ngokuluma ngemuva kwekhanda. Bese behlwitha isisulu ngezihlakala zabo bese bemgwinya emakhanda abo.
ITerrarium yezwe lokuqapha umhlaba
Ukuhlinzeka isilwane sakho ngezimo zokuhlala ezintofontofo, kuzofanele umthengele i-terrarium. Kungcono ukukhetha amamodeli avundlile anobukhulu okungenani be-120x60x50 cm.
Zifakwe kahle ngokushisa, zisebenzisa zona izitshe ezikhethekile ezishisayo, izintambo ezishisayo noma izibani zokushisa. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesilwane esifuywayo, kuyadingeka ukusishisa ngale ndlela phakathi nosuku, cishe amahora ayi-12. Kubalulekile ukufaka izibani ze-ultraviolet okufanele zisebenze usuku lonke (noma ngabe kubonakala kuwe ukuthi i-lizard inokukhanya okwanele kwemvelo). Ebusuku, izinga lokushisa lomoya e-terrarium akumele lidlule ama-degree angama-20, kanti phakathi nosuku - 28.
Ukushisa kanye nomswakama
Labo abanokuhlangenwe nakho kokugcina umqaphi nakanjani banaka ukugcinwa okuqinile kokubusa kokushisa ku-terrarium. Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile hhayi kuphela ukugcina izinga lokushisa elingapheli, kodwa futhi nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ekhoneni elifudumele kakhulu lendlu yezilwane ezifuywayo izinga lokushisa lingama-30 degrees, futhi ngaphansi kwesibani - bonke abangama-40 ntambama no-25 ebusuku. Ukuhlukahluka okunjalo kokuhlukahluka endaweni eyodwa kuzovumela i-lizard ngokwayo ukuba ikhethe umbuso ophelele ngokuya ngesimo nesimo sawo. Ngaphansi kwesibani, ukuze i-lizard yokuqapha ikwazi ukuhamba, ungafaka i-snag, itshe lemvelo noma ishalofu elikhethekile. Ukuthola umswakama okhululekile, kwanele ukufafaza ngaphansi kwethalaji ngamanzi afudumele kancane izikhathi ezingama-1-2 ngosuku kusuka kusibhamu sokufafaza (kungcono ukugoqa phansi ngezendlalelo zamatshe noma ngesihlabathi).
Ukudla kokuqapha izibankwa
Ukudla kwalezi ezihubhayo kufana nesethi yemikhiqizo yezikhonkwane ezijwayelekile. Azikhathaleli ekudleni futhi, kanye nenyama entsha, zingadla futhi zidle ngomshini (ngokwemvelo zivame ukudla isidumbu - yingakho uhlelo lokugaya ukudla lwe-enzymatic, oluguqulwa ngokuphelele ukuze kugaywe ukudla okubolile). Ekhaya, vele, izibankwa azondliwe i-carrion, kepha abanikazi balezi zilwane ezixakile bayazi ukuthi izilwane ezifuywayo zidla konke futhi njalo.
Ukuze ucwenge isidleke esinezitsha ezahlukahlukene, ungasinikeza amagundane, izinkukhu, amasele, ama-vertebrates amancane, izinambuzane (kufaka amaqhude namakhethini), izinhlwathi zomhlaba, inhlanzi, izingcezu zenyama eluhlaza kanye namaqanda enkukhu.
Kuyiqiniso, isilondolozi esisebenza kahle futhi esisebenza ngokuqinile siyohlala sibonisa isifiso sokudla, kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi udinga ukusinqoba ngokweqile: izinyamazane ezinjengalezi zivame ukukhuluphala, okungaholela ezifweni ezifinyeza impilo yesilwane. Uhlobo lokwamukelwa okwamukelekayo kakhulu yisikhathi esisodwa ngosuku noma izinsuku ezimbili. Kepha amanzi okuphuza adinga ukushintshwa njalo futhi aqiniseke ukuthi awapheli. Ngezikhathi ezithile ungadonsa umgodi wokuqapha nge-Borjomi amaminerali amanzi.
Uma ufaka umanyolo wevithamini namaminerali ekudleni, lokhu kuzothuthukisa kuphela impilo yesilokotho esidonsayo.
Ukuvivinya Varanas
Kakade lapho uthenga izibankwa zokuqapha, kufanele wazi ukuthi abesilisa bazo banolaka ekuziphatheni kunezinsikazi. Lezi zokugcina zinomlingiswa opholile. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, ukukhetha ubulili kuzothinta ngqo izinga lokudalwa kwezilwane ezifuywayo. Kodwa-ke, bobabili bayakuthanda kakhulu ukuxhumana, abanalutho olubhekene nokuthinta, ukubanga, ukugwedla, noma ngisho nokuthatha "ukubamba".
Uma ngabe ufundisa futhi unakekela ukuqapha ikhaya lakho usakhula, ungakholelwa ukuthi kuzokujwayela. Kepha ukucabanga ukuthi inyamazane iyekile ukuba yiyona ayifaneleki: uma isilwane sakho singathandi okuthile, noma kukucasukela, khona manjalo siyakhohlwa konke okuhle nokuhle esikuthola kuwe nsuku zonke, futhi kuzokhombisa ukuthi uyisilwane sasendle, ekufanele ukuba uziphathe ngokucophelela nangokucophelela ngangokunokwenzeka. Akukho ndawo yezilwane ezifuywayo eziyingozi emindenini lapho kunezingane ezincane, abesifazane abakhulelwe noma asebekhulile.
Izinkinga Zezempilo zeVaran
Umgogodla womlomo wesibaya esiqapha uvame ukuthinta i-stomatitis. Imbangela yale nqubo yokuvuvukala ayikwazi nje kuphela ukuthi kukhethwe ukudla okungafanele, kodwa futhi nokungahambisani nomnikazi wesilwane isilonda sokushisa ku-terrarium. Ngenxa yalesi sifo esikuwo emlonyeni, izicubu ziyafa, zihambisana nephunga elimnandi le-purulent. Ukwelashwa komqaphi kuzoba ukuthola ukudla okulinganiselayo nokwakha izimo zokuphila ezinhle ekhaya lakhe. Amanxeba ngokwawo aphathwa ngo-ayisikhilimu okhethekile, futhi lapho kukhona izilonda ezibanzi, ukungenelela kwezokwelashwa ngudokotela ohlinzayo wezilwane kuyadingeka.
Ngenqubo yokukhuluphala, amafutha angafakwa kwizilwane ezidla izisu esiswini nasesifundeni somsila - lokhu kuyaphazamisa ukwenziwa kwezilwane ezihuqayo futhi kube imbangela yezifo eziningi. Ngokukhuphuka kwezinga le-uric acid egazini lezilwane ezifuywayo, ikhefu le-gout, ngokumelene nesizinda sokuhlangana kwaso nokuhlangana kwezinso ngezinso. Ziphatha izifo ezinjalo ngokuphuza kakhulu nokusebenzisa okhilimu abakhethekile. Uma kukhulunywa nge-arthritis, kuzodingeka ususe amakristalu e-asidi emajoyintini ngokuhlinzwa.
Ukuzalela i-Varan
Uma ungenaso isipiliyoni kule ndawo, ngeke nje. Lapho izilwane sezivukile ekuqothulweni, zidinga ukubekwa endaweni eyodwa enkulu, lapho kuzothulela khona.
Ngemuva kwenqubo ephumelelayo, ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1-2, insikazi ibeka amaqanda. Abanikazi bezilwane ezifuywayo kufanele bazi ukuthi umama okhulelwe angakwenqaba ukudla ngokuphelele ngenyanga ngaphambi kokugcotshwa. Ukuze ubambe amabhungu amancanyana ekhaya, kuyadingeka ukugxilisa amaqanda ekushiseni kwama-degree angama-28-32 kanye nomswakama wama-80-90%. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-70-220, kuzalwa amawundlu. Kuyamangaza ukuthi izinga lokushisa eliphansi ngalesi sikhathi, maningi amathuba okuthi amadoda azalwe. Qaphela ukuthi ukwenza konke lokhu efulethini elincane kumane kungenangqondo.
Ngakho-ke, ukugcina umqaphi ekhaya, udinga ukwazi ngama-nuances amaningi empilo yakhe, indlela yokuziphatha kanye nobuntu bakhe. Lesi silwane esiyingqayizivele akulula kangako futhi siyohlala siyisidlakudla esikhulu. Futhi uma usuvele unqume ukuyiqala, qiniseka ukuyakha izimo ezintofontofo kuyo: ukusuka ekhaya elinethezekile kuya kokudla okufanele.
Ukuzala
Ukuthomba kwenzeka eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu. Isikhathi sokukhwelana kwesinye isikhathi senzeka ngesikhathi semvula. Abesilisa baba nolaka futhi bahlele izimpi ezesabekayo zokulwela ukuqhubeka kwesizwe.
Izinsikazi ezivundile, cishe inyanga ngemuva kokuzala, zibeka amaqanda azo emigodini emincane enhlabathini enomswakama.
E-clutch kukhona amaqanda ama-5 kuya kwangama-20 angamaqanda angama-60x20 mm ngosayizi. Ngemuva kokumiswa kwayo, insikazi ilahlekelwa isasasa ngengozi yenzalo yayo bese ibuyela esihlahleni.
Ngokuya ngokushisa okukhona, ukufukelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-180-210. Izinyosi ezincane zibopha ngomzimba ubude obungama-20-25 cm nesisindo esingu-10-15 g. Azama ukucasha ngomqhele omnyama ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, lapho engasongelwa khona ngokuhlaselwa kwezilwane ezizingelayo.
Ekuqaleni, izingane zidla izinambuzane nezibungu. Njengoba bekhula, kancane kancane badlulela ezilwaneni ezinkulu.
Abantu bendawo badla izikhala zezihlahla. Inyama yabo iyadliwa futhi idliwa ngabantu bomdabu besiqhingi.
Kwisilwane esisodwa esidala, i-terrarium ephezulu enesembozo esikhiyekayo kanye nomthamo omncane ka-120x60x120 cm. Isembozo kufanele sibe nokuvuleka okuncane komoya omncane.
Ngemuva kokuthenga isilwane, kungakuhle ukuthi uhlolwe ngodokotela wezilwane.
Ekuthunjweni, abamele le nhlobo bayakuqabukela, futhi abantu ababanjwe endle, njengomthetho, bahlushwa izifo ezinambuzane eziningi.
E-terrarium, kufakwa izigaxa namagatsha okukhuphuka. Izikeleza ezimnyama zinezimpondo ezibukhali, ngakho-ke izitshalo eziphilayo kwesinye isikhathi kuzodingeka zishintshwe. Ezansi walala ungqimba we coconut substrate, i-coniferous mulch noma i-moss sphagnum.
Kunconywa ukugcina umswakama ebangeni lama-60-90%. Izindonga zeTaurarium zifafazwa ngamanzi afudumele kabili ngosuku ekuseni nakusihlwa. Emini, izinga lokushisa ligcinwa lingakapheli u-26 ° -28 ° C, kanti ebusuku lehla laya ku-24 ° C. Kufanele kube nendawo yokushisa, lapho umoya ufudumala kuze kufike ku-35 ° -40 ° C.
Izitsha zokuphuza nezindawo zokukhosela zifakwe engxenyeni engenhla ye-terrarium.
Isikhathi sasemini singamahora ayi-12. Kanye ngesonto, ukukhanya kwe-UV kufanele kuvulwe.
Ungondla noma yiziphi izinambuzane ezifuywayo, izibungu, amagundane asanda kuzalwa nezinkukhu zosuku olulodwa. Amavithamini kanye namavithamini kanye nezithako zemaminerali ezihuquzelayo kufanele kufakwe kokuphakelayo
Incazelo
Ubude bezilazi ezindala zingu-85-95 cm, kuze kube ngu-60 cm ngomsila ngamunye.Izinsikazi zincane futhi zilula kunezabesilisa. Kwabesifazane, umsila unesimo esiyindilinga, kuthi emadodeni uthotshiswe kancane.
Umbala umnyama, ngaphandle kwephethini. Amajaha anemibala ngokuhlukahluka, imvamisa ngombala omncane ophuzi. Ekupheleni konyaka wokuqala, uyanyamalala. Ikhanda lide futhi lincane, ukwahlukaniswa kwentamo kuvezwa buthaka. Amakhala asendaweni engaphambi kwesiqalo, cishe phakathi nendawo phakathi kwamehlo nesiqu sokushaywa.
Ikhanda limbozwe ngezikali ezinkulu. Esiswini, izikali ezincane.
Imihlathi enamandla inamandla okuchoboza noma iyiphi indondo yokuzingela. Izinyawo zigcina ngamawashi ngeminwe eguqukayo futhi emide. Bahlome ngezihlakala eziqinile ezibukhali.
Isikhathi sokuphila sezilokishi esimnyama sokhuni kuyinto yeminyaka eyi-10 kuya kwengu-14.
