Bambalwa kithi ebuntwaneni ababengathandi amanoveli e-Main Reed noma uFenimore Cooper. AmaNdiya, amakhosi, ama-savannah, amadevu kanye nama-coyotes. Izilwane eziyingozi, ngobuqili, ezihlakaniphile. Emasikweni amaNdiya aseNyakatho Melika, anesikhundla esibaluleke kakhulu.
Kwakuvame ukuthiwa ngezimpawu zobuntu: ubuhlakani, ubuhlakani, ubuqili, ubuqili. Azikho izakhiwo zamaqhawe, izwe elinjalo lezilwane ezingamaLoki. Izinhlamvu ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi "ama-tricksters" - ubuqili nabakhohlisi. Futhi hhayi ngeze.
UCoyote uthatha isikhundla esiphakathi phakathi kwempisi ne-fox. Owesibili, njengoba wazi, ubuqili nobuwula. AmaNdiya asihlonipha lesi silo, futhi ngasikhathi sinye awasethembi. Ezinye izizwe zazimbheka njengobubi bokubi. Futhi nakwabanye, wayeyisilwane esingcwele. Isibonelo, eNavajo, ungunkulunkulu wokuphila okulandelayo nothando, umsunguli wempi nokudansa. Isikhundla esiphakathi kokuhle nokubi.
I-Coyote, noma impisi ye-meadow, ingeyomndeni wama-canines (izinja). Izihlobo zakhe eziseduzane ziyimpisi ejwayelekile, inja ye-raccoon, impungushe ye-arctic, impungushe ne-jackal. Kusuka olimini lwesiLatini igama layo yiCanis latrans - "inja ekhonkotha". Ngakho-ke wabizwa ama-Aztec - "coyotle - inja yaphezulu." Phakathi kwama-Aztec, uyisilwane esiyi-totem, werewolf, iqhawe kanye nomsindisi.
Kuholela kude nengozi, noma kunjalo, inomlingiswa ophikisayo wenyanga, ithumela izikhukhula. Umoya wobusuku nobuqili. UZimu Quetzalcoatl, ongomunye wonkulunkulu abaphambili be-Aztec, umenzi womhlaba, wehlula inkosi ye-Miktlantekutli engaphansi komhlaba, futhi ngaleso sikhathi waba ngumuntu ophindwe kabili yi-coyote.
Isilo sinomsebenzi ophakeme wezinzwa. Uye wakwazi ukujwayela ukwanda kwempucuko ungene ezimhumeni nasezintabeni zoqobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akazange asinde nje kuphela, kodwa futhi wakwazi ukusabalalisa kulo lonke elaseNyakatho Melika, yize wazama ukubhujiswa ngokuphelele ngabantu. Ngendlela, umuntu uye waba nesandla kukho isilwane se-coyote Manje uhlala kulo lonke izwekazi.
Manje kukhona cishe isigidi sabo eNyakatho Melika. Bangasondela ezindaweni zokuhlala zabantu, bamesabise ukuhlaba umkhosi ebusuku. Zithi zizwa ngisho nabalingisi befilimu baseHollywood, izivakashi esifundeni saseNew Hampshire. Futhi ngaphambi kokuba bangekho. Ukusinda okumangalisayo, amandla okuzivumelanisa nawo aqinisekisa ukuthi lesi silo siguge kakhulu futhi sihlakaniphile.
Isithombe se-coyote sisetshenziswe njengophawu lwe-Olimpiki kuma-Olimpiki Wasebusika ka-2002 eSalt Lake City. Kwakunguye owebile umlilo konkulunkulu, wakhwela intaba. Njenganoma iyiphi impisi, uthanda inkululeko futhi unesibindi. UCoyote, ukuphuma ogibeni, uyakwazi ukuluma i-paw yakhe.
Imininingwane ethokozisayo. Ngo-2000, kwakhululwa ifilimu lenkolo ethi "The Ugly Coyote Bar", eyaba yihhovisi lamabhokisi ngokushesha. Izingoma nomculo ovela kuwo zisathandwa. Kwakunomfanekiso wale filimu - i-saloon yangempela "Coyote Ugly", Yavula eNew York ngonyaka ka-1993. Manje sekunezindawo eziningi zokuphuza ezinegama elifanayo emhlabeni wonke. Kubandakanya, naseMoscow, eSt. Petersburg nakwamanye amadolobha.
Incazelo Nezici
ICoyote inomzimba onamasheya kusuka ku-70 kuye ku-100 cm ubude. Futhi lokhu ngaphandle komsila, okufinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha angama-40. Lapho ibuna, ukuphakama kwesilo kufinyelela ku-50-60 cm. Yonke imbozwe ngoboya obude obukhulu obunombala ophuzi, kwesinye isikhathi iphenduka ibe mnyama. Ijazi lide kakhulu phakathi kwamahlombe ehlombe; le ndawo ibizwa nge- “mane” noma “isibazi”.
Lesi silwane sicishe siphindwe kathathu kunempisi, isisindo sisuka ku-9 siye ku-18 kg. Imilenze yakhe mncane, imilenze yakhe ihle kakhulu, nekhala lakhe libukhali, eduze ne fox. Amehlo aphuzi egolide, umsila mude futhi ubushelelezi. Izindlebe ziqondile. Igebhezi libukeka njengempisi, lincane nje ngosayizi.
I-coyote yasendle mhlawumbe akuyona enhle kakhulu phakathi kokudonswa kwabaphangi, nomndeni we-canine, ikakhulukazi. Inamagama amaningi - impisi ye-meadow, wolf shrub, impisi encane, futhi ngisho ne-jackical meadow.
Manje akasongelwa ngokuqothulwa, isilo sinobungcweti obuyingqayizivele kanye nebhizinisi. Lesi ngesinye sezimpawu zayo eziphambili. Ibekezelela ngokulinganayo ukushisa nokubanda, i-omnivorous, ingahlala ehlathini nasethafeni, ngisho nasezintabeni. Unobuhlakani njengempisi, kepha ushesha ukuzivumelanisa nanoma yiziphi izimo. Akukho ukuzingela - ukudla i-carrion, akukho ukudla kwesilwane - ukudla imifino. Babone ukuthi i-coyote idla amajikijolo nezimpande.
Izitho zakhe zomqondo nokuqonda kukhule kahle. Ungumpetha kakhulu, ushesha aze afike ku-55-70 km. I-jumper enkulu, iyakwazi ukubhukuda, ingesabi amanzi abandayo, futhi ingahlasela i-beaver. Futhi akayena amazinyo wonke umuntu. Ubuye abe nemihlathi, njengesihlakala. UCoyote akayona ubugwala, kodwa uyaqaphela. Uyakwazi ukuzingela yedwa, ngababili, futhi nangamaqembu amancane.
Ugijima kahle kakhulu, kungathi ukuntanta phansi. Ngezikhathi ezithile uphenduka intamo yakhe ngezindlela ezihlukile, ezinhlangothini nasemuva, elalele futhi ehlola. Kungabanjiswa kakhulu ngephunga elingaziwa, kube sengathi wethukile. Ukujaha ngokungakhathali, okwazi ukugijima amakhilomitha amaningi. UCoyote osesithombeni - Isilo esimagqabhagqabha, esiziqhenyayo nesizethembayo, esazi okungokwaso.
Manje sesingakhuluma ngezinhlobo ezingama-19 zempisi ye-meadow. Bekungama-20, kepha oyedwa ushonile - I-Eurasian coyote. Izinhlobo zakhe prehistoric zazihlala endaweni ye-Eurasia yanamuhla. Ngakho-ke, sijwayelana nezinhlobo eziphambili zesilwane esibhekwayo: iMexico, iSan Pedro Martira (eCalifornia), i-El Salvador, (Kansas, Texas, Oklahoma), Belize, Honduras, Durango (Mexico), enyakatho (i-Alaskan), ithafa, intaba (Canadian), IMearns (iColorado neUtah), iRio Grande, iCalifornia ende, amaphenathi, iTexas ithafa, enyakatho-mpumalanga (i-Ontario, i-Indiana), ngasogwini olusentshonalanga (Oregon neWashington), Colimian (Mexico).
Okudume kakhulu kubo i-mexican coyote, ngenxa yamazwi athandwayo ngaye. Uma kwesinye isikhathi sizwa inkhulumomphendvulwano: "Sawubona, makoti!" - "Impisi yaseTambov ngumngani wakho!", Kujwayelekile kakhulu ukuthi umuntu waseMelika ezwe into enje: "Hei, amigo!" - "I-coyote yaseMexico kuwe amigo!"
Imikhuba, indlela yokuphila, ukondleka, imigomo yokuguqulwa kwezimo zenhlalo nokukhiqizwa cishe kuyafana kukho konke lokhu okubhalwe phansi. Noma ngokubukeka, umehluko kwesinye isikhathi ungatholakala kuphela ngochwepheshe. Emaqenjini ahlukene abelwa okuningi ngokwesifunda.
Izinhlobo ezihlangene ze-coyote zithathwa njengempisi ejwayelekile, enamadoda, ebomvu, ebomvu, i-dingo, i-jackal nenja. I-Coyote yizinhlobo zezilwane ezinenkathi yezikhathi zangaphambi kokuzala. Ekubukekeni kwayo kwamanje kwavela eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezi-2,5 edlule.
Idlozi lakhe ngu-coyote kaJohnson, osweleke eminyakeni engaba yizigidi eziyi-1,8 edlule. Igama lesiLatini lalesi sakhi, uCanis lepophagus, lihunyushwa ngokuthi “Hare Eater”. Kwakuvela kuye ukuthi kuvela inzalo yesimanje yesimanje, emincane kakhulu kunokhokho, kanti ugebhezi lwakudala lukhulu kakhulu. Ngokusho kwe-paleontologists, isisindo esilinganisene se-prehistoric coyote Johnson sasingama-30- 40 kg.
Ukubukeka
Ubukhulu bomzimba wama-coyotes bungaphansi kwezimpisi ezejwayelekile. Ubude bomphangi obudala bungama-75-100 cm kuphela, kanti nomsila ungamamitha ayinkulungwane. Ukuphakama kwesilwane lapho kubuna akudluli ku-45-50 cm.Umaphakathi wesisindo somhlaseli uhluka phakathi kuka-7-16 kg. Kanye nezinye izinja zasendle, izimpisi zasemadlelweni zinamadlebe amile nomsila omude we-fluffy.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-coyotes ahlala ezintabeni anoboya obumnyama, futhi kwabadla izitha zasogwadule uboya obumnyama obunsundu bukhona.
Ama-coyotes abonakala ngoboya obude obudaka obunamabala amnyama namnyama. Esiswini, uboya bukhanya kakhulu, futhi endaweni yensila - emnyama emsulwa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezimpisi ezejwayelekile, ama-coyotes ahlukaniswa yisifumbu eside futhi esibukhali, esesimweni esifana nesimpungushe.
Isimilo nendlela yokuphila
Ama-coyotes angcono kakhulu kunokuthi izimpisi zizivumelanise nokuhlala eduze kwezindlu zabantu futhi zithuthukise insimu ecishe ifane nabantu. Izimpisi ezedlula zonke, njengomthetho, zinamahloni kude nezindawo ezisehlathini futhi zithanda izindawo ezibucayi - izindawo zokuhlala kanye nogwadule. Kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala emaphethelweni e-megacities nasezindaweni ezinkulu ezakheke kahle. Okwabamele yonke imininingwane engaphansi, ukubonakaliswa komsebenzi ophelele ngokuqala kosuku kuhlobene.
Ama-coyotes abantu abadala angabumba izimbobo kahle, kepha futhi ayakwazi ukuhlala ezindlini zabantu ezingenalutho. Indawo ejwayelekile yomhlaseli ingamakhilomitha ayishumi nesishiyagalolunye, futhi izindlela ezisetshenziswe ngomchamo zisetshenziselwa ukuhamba kwezilwane. Ezindaweni lapho izimpisi ezijwayelekile zingekho ngokuphelele noma izinombolo zazo ezingenakubalwa ziphawulwa, ama-coyotes angakwazi ukuzala ngokushesha futhi ngenkuthalo.
Naphezu kosayizi wayo omncane, isilwane esidla izinyamazane singagxuma ngamamitha amathathu kuya kwamane futhi sithuthukise ijubane lokufika ku-40-65 km / h. Abameli abambalwa bomndeni wakwaPsov kudala baqhubeka nomkhondo wabawatholayo futhi basinda ngaphandle komgwaqo cishe kunoma iyiphi indawo entsha. Ekuqaleni, indawo okwakuhlala kuyo ama-coyotes yayihlala kuphela ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu nasenkabeni yeNyakatho Melika, kepha manje cishe lonke izwekazi kuhlala abantu abangamakhosi.
Izinhlobo zamaCoyotes
Njengamanje, izingcaphuno eziyishumi nesishiyagalolunye zezimpisi zemihlambi ezihlala namuhla ziyaziwa:
- C. latráns látráns,
- C. litrans sagottis,
- C. latrans slerticus,
- C. lаtrаns diсkеyi,
- C. latrans ukukhungatheka,
- C. lаtrаns gоldmаni,
- C. latrans hondurensis,
- C. latrans imravidus,
- C. latrins insolatus,
- C.latrans jamesi,
- C.lаtrаns lеstеs,
- C. lаtrаns meаrnsi,
- C. latrans miсródon,
- C. latrans oshorus,
- C. latrans reinsulae,
- C. latrans technisis,
- C. latráns thámnós,
- C. litrans umpquensis,
- C. latrans vigilis.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
Indawo enkulu yokusatshalaliswa kwempisi ye-meadow imelelwa yiNtshonalanga kanye nengxenye ephakathi neNyakatho Melika. Ukuncishiswa okukhulu kwezindawo ezisehlathini kanye nokuqothulwa kwabaqhudelana okuyinhloko ngokwemvelo yokudla, okufanekiselwa izimpisi ezejwayelekile nezibomvu, kwavumela ama-coyote ukusakazeka ezindaweni ezinkulu ngokuqhathaniswa nobubanzi bangempela bomlando.
Kuyathakazelisa! AmaCoyotes avumelanisa kalula nesimo se-anthropogenic, nasezintabeni izindawo ezidla ezinye lezi zitholakala ngisho nangamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili kuya kwamathathu ngaphezu kolwandle.
Eminyakeni eyikhulu eyedlule, izimpisi zangemuva kwakungabahlali bokuqala bendawo, kepha manje ama-coyotes atholakala cishe kuyo yonke indawo, ukusuka eMelika Ephakathi kuya e-Alaska.
Ukudla kweCoyote
Ama-coyotes aphakathi kwezilwane ezidla ezinye futhi ezingazethembi kakhulu ekudleni, kepha ingxenye ebalulekile yokudla imelelwa ngokudla kwezilwane, kufaka phakathi ama-hares kanye nonogwaja, izinja ezidonswayo, izimashi kanye nama-squirrel omhlaba, izinduku ezincane. Ama-Raccoon, ama-ferrets kanye nezinsikazi, ama-beaver, izinyoni kanye nezinye izinambuzane zivame ukuba yizisulu zecoyotes. Izimpisi ze-Meadow zibhukuda kahle kakhulu futhi ziyakwazi ukuzingela ngempumelelo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane zasemanzini, ezimelelwa yizinhlanzi, amasele nama-newts.
Eshumini sokugcina sehlobo nasekwindla yokuqala, izimpisi zemifino zijabulela ukudla amajikijolo nazo zonke izinhlobo zezithelo, kanye namantongomane kanye nembewu enamafutha elanga. Ngokuqala kobusika, ama-coyotes ahlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho aguqukela ekudleni okwamukeleka ngokwengeziwe futhi adle ku-carrion nezilwane ezibuthakathaka, ezindala noma ezigulayo. Izilokazana ezihlala kumapaki esizwe zijwayela abantu, ngakho-ke ziyakwazi ukuthatha ukudla ngisho nasezandleni zabantu.
Ngokusho kokuhlaziywa kokuqukethwe kwesisu kwama-coyotes, kudliwe ukudla okujwayelekile komphangi:
- i-carrion - 25%,
- namagundane kasayizi omncane - 18%,
- imfuyo - 13.5%,
- inyamazane yasendle - 3.5%,
- enezinwele - 3.0%,
- izinambuzane - 1.0%,
- ezinye izilwane - 1.0%,
- imikhiqizo ye-herbal - 2.0%.
Izimpisi ezingumhlambi azivamile ukuhlasela abantu abadala nemfuyo enkulu nezinyamazane zasendle, kodwa ziyakwazi ukuzingela amawundlu noma amathole asanda kuzalwa.
Ukuzalela inzalo
Imibhangqwana kuma-coyotes, ngokusobala, yakheka kanye empilweni. Izimpisi ezingumhlambi zinabazali abanomthwalo wemfanelo futhi abanaka kakhulu, benakekela izingane zabo ngendlela ethinta inhliziyo. Isikhathi sokuzalela okusebenzayo senzeka ngoJanuwari noma ngoFebhuwari. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga ezimbalwa. Ngemuva kokuvela kwezinsana, ama-coyotes amadala azingela ngokuzinikela nangokuthembekile agada lair, emelelwa umsele ongashisi noma idwala. Umndeni ngamunye wempisi edla izindwani empeleni unezindawo ezimbalwa zokuphumula, lapho inzalo idluliselwa ngabazali ngokusola okuncane kwengozi.
Izimpisi ze-Meadow zifinyelela esikhathini sokuthomba eneminyaka ecishe ibe unyaka, kepha, njengomthetho, imibhangqwana yakha kuphela lapho ifinyelela iminyaka emibili. Imvamisa, kusuka ezinganeni ezine kuya kweziyishumi nambili zizalelwa udoti, obonakala kuphela lapho unezinsuku eziyishumi. Ngenyanga yokuqala, ama-coyotes adla ubisi lukamama, emva kwalokho amathole aqala ukushiya umgoqo wawo kancane kancane, bese imidlwane izimela ngokuphelele ekwindla. Abesilisa bavame ukushiya umgodi wabazali, futhi abesifazane abavuthiwe ngokobulili, kunalokho, bakhetha ukuhlala emhlambini wabazali. Isibalo esikhulu sentsha siyafa ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila.
Bobabili abazali bahlanganyela ukukhathazeka ngezingane ezikhulayo.. Ezinsukwini zokuqala emva kokuzalwa kwemidlwane, umgodi awushiyi owesimame nhlobo, ngakho-ke zonke izinkinga zokuthola ukudla zixazululwa ngokuphelele ngowesilisa, oshiya izinduku emnyango wegodi, kodwa futhi angakhipha ukudla okugaywe ngci. Lapho nje imidlwane isencane, bobabili abazali baqala ukubamba iqhaza ekuzingeleni. Ngokuvamile, imidlwane evela kuzintokazi ezimbili noma ezintathu izalwa masinyane futhi ikhulele emgodini onenqwaba ndawonye. Futhi, amacala okweqa ama-coyotes nezimpisi noma izinja ezifuywayo nezasendle ayaziwa kahle, ngenxa yalokho kuzalwa abantu aba-hybrid.
Izitha zemvelo
Izitha eziyinhloko zemvelo yama-coyotes amadala ziyi-cougar nezimpisi. Izinyamazane ezincane futhi ezingavuthiwe ngokuphelele zingaba inyamazane elula yokhozi ne-hawk, isikhova, isigaxa, izinja ezinkulu noma amanye ama-coyotes amadala. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, ngaphansi kwengxenye yabantu abasha bayakwazi ukuphila kuze kufike eminyakeni yokuthomba.
Kuyathakazelisa! Njengomncintiswano wokudla ophambili, ongakhipha i-coyote endaweni etholakalayo, ungacabanga nge-fox ebomvu.
Imbangela yokufa okuphezulu phakathi kwezimpisi ezidla izindwani ibangelwa izifo eziningi ezimbi, kufaka phakathi amarabi kanye nematode, kepha abantu babhekwa njengezitha eziphambili ze-coyote. Ukudla izinja nezicupho, ama-strychnine kanye ne-arsenic, kanye nokushisa izindawo zonke, kwakusetshenziswa njengezindlela zokulwa nesibalo sabantu abakhula ngokushesha kwe-coyote. I-Pesticide "1080" yayithandwa kakhulu, ingabeki ama-coyotes kuphela, kepha nezinye izilwane eziningi ngempumelelo ngokusemandleni. Ithola inhlabathi namanzi, ubuthi “1080” bubangele ukulimala okungalinganiswanga emvelweni, ngenxa yalokho kwavinjelwa ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Izimpisi zemvelo zidlangile futhi zivamile.. AmaCoyotes, njengezinhlobo, ahlukaniswe ngokucacile ngesikhathi seLate Pliocene, cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-2.3 edlule. Kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho ama-coyotes ekwazi ukuzihlukanisa nokhokho ojwayelekile ekukhuleni kwawo. Njengamanje, izimpisi zedlelo zibalwa phakathi kwezinhlobo ezinabantu bakhona abangela ukungakhathalelwa okuncane.
Isilwane seCoyote. Indlela yokuphila yeCoyote nendawo yokuhlala
Isilwane saseNyakatho Melika Coyote - Enye yezimo ezivumelana nezimo kakhulu emhlabeni, lesi silwane singashintsha indlela yokuzala, imikhuba, ukondleka kanye nezindlela zokuguquguquka kwezenhlalo ukuze siphile ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ezahlukahlukene.
Kuhlanganiswe nohlobo lwama-chordates, isigaba sezilwane ezincelisayo, umndeni wama-canid, izihlobo zezimpisi, izinja, izimpungushe nezimpungushe, kunezinhlobo ezingama-19 ezingaphansi kwe-coyote. UCoyote ngosayizi, njengenja ephakathi, ingahle ifane nomelusi omncane, yize incane kunezimpisi ezisebenza nayo. Ubude bomzimba ukusuka ekhanda kuye kwi-oblium ngamasentimitha angama-80-95. Umsila unezela amanye amasentimitha angama-41 ubude kuwo, isisindo imvamisa sisuka kumakhilogremu ayi-9 kuye kwangama-23.
Izici zeCoyote neHabitat
Igama lesayensi elithi Canis latrans lisho ukukhonkotha kwenja.Zinezizungqa eziphakeme eziphakeme ezinamehlo aphuzi noma amber, izindlebe eziqondile, imizimba emincane, embozwe uboya obukhulu nemisila emide e-fluffy.
Izilwane zinoboya obumpunga, obomvu, obumhlophe noma obunsundu. Umbala wabo wejazi uncike lapho bahlala khona. Isilwane seCoyote uhlala eNyakatho Melika futhi uzulazula amathafa nezintaba, akuvamile ukuba uhlale emahlathini.
Izindawo ezithandayo zokuhlala - ogwadule baseCanada, e-United States, eMexico naseMelika Ephakathi. Njengoba abantu banda emaphandleni, ama-coyotes kufanele azivumelanise nempilo yasemadolobheni ukuthola ukudla.
Namuhla, izakhamizi zaseNew York, eFlorida naseLos Angeles azisamangali ngokubonakala kwe-coyote emgwaqweni. Ama-coyotes ayizidalwa ezisheshayo. Kodwa-ke, ama-coyotes amaningi awakaze abone abantu. Bangakwazi ukuthuthukisa amakhilomitha angama-64 ngehora, ukubhukuda okumangalisayo nama-jumpers.
Ukudla kweCoyote
Ama-coyotes akhethekile ngokudla. Kukholelwa ukuthi badla inyama empeleni bangama-omnivores futhi badla nemifino. Zithanda ukuzingela umdlalo omncane onjengamagundane, onogwaja, inhlanzi, amasele, zingadla i-carrion noma zidle ziqede ngemuva kwezinye izinyamazane ezidla ezinye.
Ukudla okulula, izinambuzane, izithelo namakhambi. Uma umhlambi wama-coyotes uqoqene, khona-ke kungaqhutshwa ukuzingela okukhulu, ngokwesibonelo, kwenyamazane. Imvamisa balanda inyamazane yabo, basebenzise umuzwa wabo omuhle wephunga, futhi namandla abo asetshenziselwa futhi ukuxosha inyamazana ibanga elide ngamabanga amade futhi lapho isisulu siphelile, kuthunyelwa isiteleka.
Ngesikhathi esomile, bangazama ukumba ithangi lamanzi noma bathole abaphuza izinkomo. Uhlaza oludliwa yizilwane lunokugcina okukhona komswakama.
Ama-coyotes ase-Urban asebenzisa amachibi, izitsha zezinja zamanzi, amachibi nezithiyo zamanzi ezifundweni zegalofu kanye neminye imithombo yabantu yasemanzini enomswakama.
Phakathi kwabantu ngobuqili kubhekwe inkathazo engabulala imfuyo nezilwane ezifuywayo. Emadolobheni, i-coyote isebenzisa izilwane ezifuywayo - amakati, izinja ezincane futhi ithatha udoti emigqonyeni. AmaCoyotes angagxuma kalula kocingo noma odongeni amamitha amathathu ukuphakama.
Ukuzala futhi isikhathi sokuphila kwe-coyote
Uyabona izithandani coyotes esithombeni, abesilisa bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane. Kwezinye izimo, ama-coyotes akha ukuhlangana okuhlala isikhathi eside, akhule ngaphezu kwenzalo eyodwa ndawonye, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ahlala ndawonye uma nje esaphila. Isizini yokuzalela iqala ngoFebhuwari kuya kuMashi.
Ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokuzalela, abesilisa abesilisa abangashadile baqoqana nensikazi ukuze bayinakekele, kepha yena uzoba nobudlelwano nomuntu wabo oyedwa kuphela. Lo mbhangqwana uzohlinzeka isikhathi esithile ndawonye ngaphambi kokushada.
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa kuvame ukuba ngo-Ephreli - Meyi, lapho kunokudla okuningi. Ukuthinta kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-63, izingane zitholakala kubantu abathathu kuya kwabayishumi nambili. Ukuthi izingane zizokhula zingakanani kuya ngokuthi zihlala kuphi coyote.
Ezindaweni lapho kukhona ama-coyotes amaningi, kuzoba nesibalo esincane. Ezindaweni ezinama-coyotes ambalwa, usayizi we-brood uzoba mkhulu. Bobabili abalingani bayabandakanyeka ekunakekelweni kwezilwane ezisencane.
Umama usuthisa amasi ubisi amasonto amahlanu kuya kwayisikhombisa, ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu aqala ukudla ukudla okune-ketshezi okulethwa yilowesilisa kukhale kuye. Ubaba okhathalelayo uphatha insikazi nokudla nezingane ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi uyamsiza ekuvikeleni izitha zakhe.
Insikazi ihlala ne-brood kuze kube yilapho amehlo abo evuleka, okulinganiselwa ezinsukwini eziyi-11-12. Lapho sezinezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala, ama-coyotes asemancane avuthiwe ngokwanele futhi anamazinyo angapheli. Kusukela kulesi sikhathi, insikazi iqeqesha inzalo yayo ukubheka ukudla.
Umndeni ubalekela kancane kancane, futhi ngemidlwane yasekwindla, njengomthetho, hamba uzingele wedwa. Ungakapheli unyaka zihamba ezazo izindlela, zimaka umchamo wazo ngomchamo wazo. Izilwane sezikulungele ukuzalaniswa ngezinyanga ezingama-22. Isilwane seCoyote futhi ikwazi ukuganana nezinja.
Inzalo yabo ibizwa koidogami. Bambalwa ngesibalo, njengoba abesilisa bengasizi abesifazane ukuba banakekele inzalo nokuzala kwenzeka phakathi nobusika, okuholela ekusindeni okuphansi.
Esihlokweni se-kaydog
AmaCoyotes ahlala ekucindezelekeni okuhlala njalo kusuka kwabazingeli, izimpi zokudla, izifo kanye nama-parasites. Imvamisa ifa ezandleni zabantu, izingwekazi, amabhere, izinkozi, ukuzingela izinja, kanti ama-coyote amadala ahlala ebulala izilwane ezincane zomunye umuntu. AmaCoyotes athunjiwe aphila iminyaka eyi-18. Endle, cishe iminyaka emine, ama-coyotes amaningi amancanyana afa ngonyaka wokuqala.
Ukubhebhetheka
Kuthunyelwe eNyakatho Melika, kusuka e-Alaska kuya ePanama. Kunezindlela ezingaphansi kwezingu-19.
Kuze kube yi-50s I-coyote yangekhulu le-19 yatholakala kuphela kusukela eMississippi kuya ezintabeni zaseSierra Nevada, futhi isuka esifundazweni sase-Alberta (Canada) iya eMexico. Kwakungaziwa emazweni aseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-USA. Kepha ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi okukhulu kanye nokuqothulwa kwabaqhudelana kokudla okuyinhloko - impisi ejwayelekile nebomvu - i-coyote isabalale endaweni yayo yamanje enkulu. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi se-coyotes "yegolide", elandela ababukeli begolide, bangena eCanada nase-Alaska, eGeorgia naseFlorida kwethulwa ngokukhethekile njengomdlalo. Namuhla, i-coyote itholakala kwizifunda ezingama-49 kwezingu-50 zase-US (ngaphandle kweHawaii).
Indlela Yokuphila Nempilo
I-Coyote iyisimo samathafa avulekile ahlala ezindaweni ezinamawele nodoti. Akuvamile ukubalekela ehlathini. Kwenzeka ngazo zombili ezindaweni ezilahliwe nasemaphethelweni amadolobha amakhulu njengeLos Angeles. Ivumelanisa kalula nezindawo ezenziwe umuntu. Indlela yokuphila iningi ngakusasa. Ku-biocenoses ye-prairie coyote ithatha indawo efana naleyo ye-jackal ku-biocenoses of the Old World. ICoyote imnandi futhi ayinakudla kakhulu ekudleni. Kodwa-ke, ama-90% okudla kwayo akhiwa ngokudla kwezilwane: ama-hares, onogwaja, izinja zemihlambi, izinkuni nama-squirrel omhlaba (eCanada), izinduku ezincane. Ihlasela ama-skunks, ama-raccoon, ama-ferrets, ama-phenam kanye nama-beavers, idla izinyoni (ama-pheasants), izinambuzane. Kubhukuda futhi kubambe izilwane zasemanzini - izinhlanzi, amasele nezinhlwathi ezintsha. Izimvu ezifuywayo, izimbuzi, inyamazane zasendle kanye ne-pronghorn akuhlaselwa kakhulu. Ekupheleni kwehlobo nasekwindla, idla amajikijolo, izithelo namantongomane ngentokozo. Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ebusika, ishintsha ukondla i-carrion, ilandela imihlambi yezilwane ezinkulu ezingenamuntu, zidla eziwile futhi zihlabe izilwane ezibuthakathaka. Abantu bavame ukungathinti, emadolobheni angaphansi kwesinye isikhathi kuyawa ngokusebenzisa udoti. Kodwa-ke, muva nje kuye kwaba nezigameko eziningana zokuhlasela kwabantu ama-coyotes. Mibili kuphela imicimbi yokuhlaselwa kwe-coyote kubantu ababulalayo eye yabhalwa emlandweni. Ama-Coyotes avame ukuhlasela izilwane ezifuywayo ezinganakekelwa; i-coyote eyodwa ingabulala kalula futhi idle ikati noma inja encane, ilimaze inkukhu ibambe noma ilume imvu. E-United States, kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angama-60 wezimvu ezibulewe izinyamazane izisulu ze-coyote. Eduze kwamadolobha amakhulu, amakati afuywayo angabiza kuze kufike ku-10% wokudla kwe-coyote.
AmaCoyotes azingela yedwa, ngababili, kwesinye isikhathi ngomdlalo omkhulu (inyamazane enomsila omnyama, i-caribou encane ne-wapiti) - emaphaketheni. Ukwehlukaniswa kwezindima kwiphakethe lokuzingela kuyafana nokwezimpisi: abashayayo bathatha ukuqamekelana ukuze badlale noma bayijahe. Kwesinye isikhathi i-coyote izingela kanye nebheji laseMelika, eleqa indlela yokungena emgodini bese idonsa abahlala kulo ngqo ku-coyote. I-coyote ngayinye, umbhangqwana noma iqembu lomndeni linensimu yalo, enkabeni yalo kukhona umhume noma umgodi. Amalungu okupakisha njalo amaka imingcele yendawo yawo ngomchamo.
ICoyote “iyimidlalo” enhle kunazo zonke i-canines zasendle; kuzo zonke izinja, ama-greyhound kuphela angabamba i-coyote. I-coyote iyakwazi ukugxuma ku-2-5 m ubude futhi igijime ngesivinini esingama-40-50 km / h; kumabanga amafushane ingafinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-65 km / h. Ingahambela amabanga amakhulu ngokulingana: ngenkathi izingela, inqoba amakhilomitha angama-5-16. Mhlawumbe i-coyote inezitho zomzimba ezithuthuke kakhulu phakathi kwazo zonke izinzwa ze-canine, ibona ibanga elingafika kumamitha angama-200, ngokulinganayo ubusuku nemini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-coyote “iyisilokotho” kunazo zonke phakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo zaseNyakatho Melika: ukukhamuluka kwaso ngokuzwakalayo kuyisici esibalulekile sezindawo ezincelisayo.
Izitha eziyinhloko i-cougar kanye ne-wolf. Impisi endaweni evulekile ayiyona ingozi i-coyote, ngoba i-coyote igijima ngokushesha kakhulu futhi ingahlala ibaleka. I-Coyote ayikubekezeleli ukuba khona kwe-fox ebomvu, isincintisana nayo ngokudla, endaweni yayo. Ngezinye izikhathi amaCoyotes ahlangana nezinja ezifuywayo, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile nezimpisi.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isikhungo esiphambili sezenhlalo kuma-coyotes abesilisa nabesifazane, nakuba izilwane zodwa kanye nemihlambi zivame ukutholakala. Ama-Flocks akhiwa lapho kunenqwaba yama-coyotes, futhi ukudla kuningi, kuwo ama-5-6 abantu, abazali nezilwane ezisencane zangonyaka owedlule. Amahlosi avela kuma-coyotes noma ngabe inani lamagundane amancane liyancipha, futhi ama-coyotes aphoqwa ukuba ahlangane ekuzingeleni izilwane ezinkulu. AmaCoyotes akaxabani kakhulu, ngisho nokuhlasela kwabantu ongabazi engxenyeni yomhlambi ngokuvamile akuholeli empini.
Ifomu likaCoyote iminyaka emibili. Ukumatanisa - ngoJanuwari - uFebhuwari. Ukukhulelwa - izinsuku ezingama-60-65, ku-brood ngo-5 - 10, kwesinye isikhathi kuze kufike kumawundlu angama-19. Kuzalelwa ingane emgodini - emhumeni, emfudlaneni phakathi kwamadwala, emgodini wesihlahla esiwile noma emgodini, kwesinye isikhathi ibheji elidala noma impungushe. AmaCoyotes ajwayele ukuba nezindawo zokuhlala lapho abazali bawo bephethe khona amathole uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi. Bobabili abazali bayabandakanyeka ekunakekelweni komndeni. Izinsuku zokuqala insikazi ayishiyi imbobo, owesilisa uthola ukudla. Izinkomo ziyondliwa, zigcinwa ukudla okugaywewe okwe-semi. Ekwindla, iba ngokuzimela, izinsikazi zishiya, futhi izinsikazi zivame ukuhlala ephaketheni.
AmaCoyotes aphila iminyaka eyi-10 enkululekweni kanye neminyaka eyi-16-18 ekudingisweni.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
UCoyote yisidlamlilo esihlobene ngqo nomndeni wama-canine. Kuhunyushwe kusuka esiLatini, igama lalesi silwane lisho "inja ekhonkotha." UCoyote ubizwa hhayi inja kuphela, kodwa futhi eyimpisi, kuphela eyindathane, yize i-coyote incane kakhulu ngosayizi wezimpisi ojwayelekile. Ubude bomzimba wakhe bufinyelela kumitha eyodwa, hhayi ukubala umsila, obude bawo buba cishe ngamasentimitha angama-30. Ukuphakama kwe-coyote lapho ebuna kuyingxenye yemitha, futhi isisindo sayo siyehluka kusuka ku-7 kuya ku-21 kg. Impisi inkulu kakhulu futhi inkulu kune-coyote, isisindo sayo isuka ku-32 iye ku-60 kg.
Ividiyo: UCoyote
Kuningi okubhalwe phansi kwe-coyote, manje kuneshumi nesishiyagalolunye kuyo. Izinhlobo ziyahlukahluka ngosayizi nombala wesembozo soboya. Kuya ngendawo yokuhlala yaphakade yohlobo oluthile lwama-coyotes. Ngaphandle, i-coyote ifana hhayi impisi kuphela, ibukeka njengempungushe nenja ejwayelekile. AmaCoyotes avele njengezinhlobo ezihlukile ngesikhathi sekwephuzile kwePliocene (iminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili edlule).
Iqiniso elihehayo: ama-coyotes angashada nazo zombili izinja nezimpisi (zibomvu nezinwevu), ngaleyo ndlela zakha inzalo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi i-hybrid ye-coyote nenja inesimo sokuphanga kakhulu, ihlasela imfuyo kaningi kakhulu kune-coyote ejwayelekile.
Indawo ehlala njalo ye-coyote iyakhula kancane kancane, le nqubo yaqala kusukela ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, lapho inani lezimpisi ezibomvu nezimpunga lancishiswa kakhulu ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwabo ngabantu. I-coyote yeza izongena esikhundleni sezimpisi endaweni yazo, yasakazeka kabanzi ezwenikazi laseNyakatho Melika.
Ihlala kuphi i-coyote?
Photo: Wild Coyote
Njengoba sekushiwo, indawo yokuhlala ama-coyotes manje inabile kakhulu, yize ngaphambili lo mbangi wayengabhebhetheki kangako. AmaCoyotes manje asezinzile kulo lonke elaseNyakatho naseMelika Ephakathi, futhi indawo ahlala kuyo isuka e-Alaska iya eCosta Rica. Ngaphansi kweminyaka eyikhulu edlule, i-coyote yayinokuhlala unomphela ezindaweni ezihlala amakhosi, ihlala izindawo ezisuka eMississippi ziye ezintabeni zaseSierra Nevada, futhi isuka esifundazweni saseCanada sase-Alberta iye esifundeni saseMexico. Eningizimu nasempumalanga ye-United States, lesi silo sasingaziwa.
Manje isimo sesishintshe kakhulu, lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu eziningana:
- Ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi okukhulu,
- Ukubhujiswa ngabantu bezimpisi ezibomvu nezimpunga, ezazingabancintisana abaphambili bama-coyotes.
Konke lokhu kwavumela ama-coyotes ukuba asabalale kulezo zindawo lesi silo esingazange sibonwe kuso ngaphambili. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa “kwegolide ngejubane” abalandela abathole insimbi eyigugu ngaleyo ndlela bafika endaweni yase-Alaska naseCanada, lapho bahlala khona ngokuphepha. Emazweni aseMelika anjengeFlorida neGeorgia, abantu uqobo baletha lezi zilwane njengomdlalo. Njengamanje, ama-coyotes ahlala kuzo zonke izifundazwe zase-US, ngaphandle kweyodwa, lezi zidlova azikho eHawaii.
Lesi silo sithanda amathafa avulekile, sihlala ezindaweni ezisesifundeni, emameleni, ogwadule nasogwaduleni, akusizanga ngalutho ukuthi balibiza ngokuthi "impisi yodlelo". Ngesinye isikhathi, ama-coyotes angangena ezindaweni zamahlathi, kodwa hhayi isikhathi eside, ama-coyotes ahlala ezindaweni zama-tundra. Lezi zilwane ezimangalisayo zingabizwa ngokuthi yibo bodwa, ngoba zijwayela kalula futhi zivumelane ngokuphelele nemvelo. AmaCoyotes angahlala ezindaweni ezikude zasendle, nangaphandle kwamadolobha amakhulu (ngokwesibonelo, iLos Angeles).
Iqiniso elihehayo: ama-coyotes anekhono lokuzivumelanisa ngokushesha nanoma yikuphi ukubukeka komhlaba we-anthropogenic, futhi ezindaweni ezihlukaniswa izintaba zingahlangatshezwa ekuphakameni kwe-2 - 3 km.
Ngabe udlani i-coyote?
Photo: North Coyote
Ama-coyotes angabizwa ngama-omnivores; imenyu yawo iqukethe ukudla kwezilwane nezitshalo. Vele, iphesenti lokudla kwemvelaphi yezilwane ekudleni likhulu kaningi. Ekudla, lezi zidla zodwa azithobeki. Ama-coyotes azo zonke izinhlobo zamagundane amancane, onogwaja, ama-marmots, izinja zasemadlelweni, ama-squirrel omhlaba adla, angahlasela ama-skunks, ama-uwezekano, ama-beaver, ama-rikeons, ama-raccoons. Impisi edlekayo nezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene ayideleli, idla izinyoni (ama-pheasants).
Akuyona into evamile ukuzingela izinkomo ezifuywayo, izinyamazane zasendle, kanye nezinyamazane ezifuywayo, kodwa izimvu ezifuywayo zivame ukubanjwa yilesi silwane esidla inyama. E-United States, kwenziwa izibalo zokuthi, ngokwesilinganiso, zibonisa ukuthi cishe amaphesenti ayisithupha azo zonke izimvu ezibulewe ayizisulu ze-coyote. Ngaphezu kwezilwane ezifuywayo, kunezimvu zasendle ezisezintabeni kwimenyu ye-coyote. Umhlaseli ngeke enqabe izinyoka, izimfudu.
Iqiniso elithokozisayo: i-coyote ingumbhukudi omuhle kakhulu, othi uma usemanzini, ungabamba izakhamizi ezinjengama-newts, izinhlanzi ezahlukahlukene namasele.
Ngokuvamile ngenkathi yehlobo nokwindla, ukudla kwezitshalo kuvela ekudleni kwe-coyote:
- Izithelo ezahlukahlukene
- Amajikijolo
- Izithelo,
- Amantongomane
- Imbewu yelanga.
Ama-coyotes ahlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho avame ukudla ama-carrion ngezikhathi ezinzima zobusika. Imvamisa bajaha umhlambi we -ululates, bafuna abantu abagulayo nababuthakathaka kuwo, futhi badle nabawileyo. Ukuhlaselwa kukaCoyote kubantu akuvamile kakhulu, yize kwenzeka, ngisho nokuhlaselwa okubili lapho umuntu efela khona. AmaCoyotes awawesabi amadolobha amakhulu futhi phakathi neminyaka yendlala ajwayele ukuvakashela ukuthathwa komhlaba kwawo futhi abambe ngodoti wokudla kwabantu.
Uma ukuhlaselwa komuntu kungenzeka kakhulu ngaphandle komthetho, khona-ke i-coyote idla ngentokozo enkulu yezilwane ezifuywayo njengamakati nezinja ezincane. Ngokuvamile, njengoba ubona, imenyu yempisi ye-meadow icebile futhi ihlukahlukene, kunenqwaba yezitsha zokudla konke ukunambitheka. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ophikisana naye oyisidlakudla ngokuqondene nokudla uyimpungushe ebomvu.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-coyote yaseMelika
Kuze kube muva nje, ama-coyotes ayethathwa njengabodwa, kepha ucwaningo lwakamuva olwenziwe ososayensi luveze ukuthi akunjalo. Ngokwemvelo, lezi zilwane ziyindida eyodwa, ama-coyotes akha umbhangqwana oqinile. Ezindaweni lapho ukudla kunensada khona, izilwane zivame ukuhlala ezikoleni zonke, ezibandakanya ikakhulu abazali bazo nokukhula kwazo okuncane kusuka kubantwana abedlule. Amawele ama-coyotes nawo akha uma izilwane ezincane endaweni lapho zihlala khona zimbalwa, kanti nezilwane ezinkulu azikwazi ukuzingela zodwa, ngakho-ke, izinyamazane zihlangana ukuthola umdlalo omkhulu.
I-coyote ivame ukuyozingela kusihlwa. On namagundane amancane nezinye izilwane ezincane isilwane ukuzingela yedwa. Okokuqala, i-coyote ibheka isisulu sayo esizayo, futhi lapho isibona, isinakekela ngokukhulu ukucophelela, bese igijimisa ngesibani esisodwa esisheshayo, icindezele phansi inyamazane yayo phansi iququde umphimbo wayo ngemisipha yayo ebukhali.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umbono, ukuhogela nokuzwa kwama-coyotes kumane nje kungcono kakhulu, okubasiza kakhulu lapho bezingela. Lezi zidlakela zingabagijimi abakhulu, abakwazi isivinini esifinyelela kumakhilomitha angama-64 ngehora. Ekuzingeleni izilwane ezinkulu, ama-coyotes ajoyina emaqenjini ukuzungeza nokushayela inyamazane.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: ekuzingeleni okuhlanganyelayo okukhiqizayo, ama-coyotes angena ekusebenzisaneni namabheji, esabalalisa ngokusobala izibopho zawo zokuzingela. Ngemuva kokuthola umgodi, ibheji liqala ukumba ngaphandle kwalo, lixoshe izakhamuzi zalo, kanti ne-coyote iqapha lokhu ukuze lingaphuthelwa muntu. Umhlomulo kulenhlanganiso engafani nalokhu ukuthi ibheji lihlala livikela impisi ye-meadow ngenkathi bemba izimbobo, lithola inyamazane ukuthi likwazile ukubamba khona lapho emgodini, kanti ubuhlakani bokubamba ngobuqili labo abazame ukuqaqa.
Ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-coyotes kwenzeka ngosizo lwemisindo ehlukahlukene, ngayinye inencazelo yayo. Lapho zibika ukuthi zikuphi, izilwane zikhipha ukukhala okude. Umsindo ofana nokukhonkotha kwenja umemezela usongo. Ukuphimisa okuncane kuthiwa ngumkhonzo. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-coyotes ayakhala lapho ethola inyamazane enobukhulu obukhulu ukuze abize wonke umhlambi kuleyo ndawo. Ukusuka ezinhlafunweni ezincane ngesikhathi semidlalo evusa inkanuko ungezwa isikali esikhulu kanye nokuncwina.
AmaCoyotes ahlala, imvamisa emihosheni, evame ukumba yodwa, yize kwesinye isikhathi ingahlala izimpungushe ezingenalutho nemikhoselo ebheji. Umgodi onjalo utholakala enkabeni yempahla yawo ehlukile, lapho umbhangqwana oshadile noma umhlambi omncane wama-coyotes uhlala khona, imvamisa indawo yendawo enjalo ingamakhilomitha-skwele angama-20. Imvamisa, ama-coyotes nawo athola izindawo zokukhosela zesikhashana ezihlelwe emahlathini aminyene wezihlahla, imigodi yamadwala nasemigodini ephansi. Bazisebenzisela ukuphumula okufushane noma indawo yokukhosela kunoma yikuphi ukusongela.
Habitat
Isilwane sezinhlobo Canis latrans (lat. "Inja ekhonkotha") isatshalaliswa isuka e-Alaska iye e-Central America, kepha ikakhulukazi emaThafeni Amakhulu. Ngokomlando, iziNtaba ze-Appalachian zaziwumngcele osempumalanga wobubanzi bawo, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi indawo leyo yanda yaya e-United States naseCanada.
I-Coyote: incazelo yezilwane
Ukuphakama kwamaCanis latrans ezindongeni cishe nge-60 cm, ubude - 1-1.3 m, kufaka nomsila ongu-30- 40 cm, isisindo esingu-9-23 kg. Uboya bude futhi bulukhuni, buvame ukuba mpunga phezulu bese bumhlophe phansi, bube bomvu emilenzeni bese bushibilika emsileni ngensipho emnyama. Indlela i-coyote ebukeka ngayo ingahluka kakhulu ngokuya ngendawo yayo yokuhlala. Kunokwehluka okubalulekile kwesifunda ngosayizi nombala wezinhlobo ezahlukene. Izindlwana ezinkulu kunazo zonke zihlala enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-United States nasempumalanga yeCanada. Ama-coyotes avame ukuba mancane kunezimpunga ezimpunga, kepha anezindlebe ezinde kanye nogebhezi olukhulu.
Ukudla Okondlayo Nokuzingela
Ama-coyotes ayaziwa ngokuhlaselwa kwawo ebusuku nobusuku. Lezi ikakhulukazi yizilwane ezihamba ebusuku. Ama-Coyotes (isithombe sinikezwa esihlokweni) lapho egijima, umsila wehliswa ((ngokungafani nezimpisi ezibamba ngokuqondile) futhi ziyakwazi ukushesha zifinyelele ku-64 km / h. Amathrekhi abo amade kakhulu futhi ayindilinga engaphansi kunawezinja.
Ama-Coyotes angabazingeli abanamakhono, imizwa yabo ibukhali. Ezindaweni ezivulekile, zisebenzisa ukubona kwamehlo, kepha zithembela ekuhogelweni nasezindlebeni ukuze zithole inyamazane emifino eminyene noma ehlathini. Enyakatho yebanga, i-coyote idla umhlanganiso nogwinta olumbala omhlophe. Umuntu oyedwa angabulala inyamazane endala, ikakhulukazi eqhweni elijulile. UCoyote umjikijela phansi, alume imilenze yakhe yangemuva kaningi, futhi amklinye, anciphise umphimbo wakhe.
Ekwindla nasekuqaleni kobusika, bavame ukuzingela ngababili noma ngamaphakethe. Impumelelo incike kwinani lababambe iqhaza. Imihlambi emikhulu ivame ukuxhapha izilwane ezinkulu, yize ibamba futhi idle noma iliphi inyamazane elihlangana nayo. Ukudla kwe-coyote kuqukethe izinambuzane, izinyoka, utshani kanye ne-carrion. Ezikhathini lapho inyamazane ingatholakali, noma ezindaweni lapho kunzima ukuthola, zidla amajikijolo asendle nezithelo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ama-coyotes angakwazi ukunciphisa umzimba. Enyakatho-mpumalanga, bondleke kahle ebusika, lapho izinyamazane zilula ukubamba.
Inkundla
Ama-coyotes anomqondo othuthukisiwe kakhulu wokuvikela isiza sawo. Ugadiwe womabili amalungu omshado. Le ndawo imakwe umchamo nezindunduma, kanti kusolakala ukuthi inkomba yokuqashwa kwayo nayo iyabubula. Usayizi wesakhiwo uhluka ngokuya ngokuthi i-coyote ihlala kuphi. Indawo yayo inqunywa ubukhona bokudla. Ezimweni eziningi, ngamamitha-skwele angama-10- 40. km Izilwane zidlula ku-5-16 km ngosuku, kufaka phakathi kufika ku-0,8 km ngamanzi.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Ekuthunjweni, i-coyote ingafinyelela iminyaka engama-21, kepha endle ihlala iminyaka engama-6-8. Isilinganiso sobudala esidumile siyiminyaka eyi-14,5. Imbangela yokufa okuningi ngabantu. Babulala ngenxa yoboya kanye nokuvikela izilwane ezifuywayo noma zasendle. AmaCoyotes ajwayele ukushayisana nezimoto.
Izifo ezithathelanayo ezifana nesibazi, inhlupho yezinja namarabi ziyimbangela yemvelo evamile yokufa kwabo endle. Ama-scabies kulula ukuwabona, njengoba abagulayo beqala ukulahlekelwa izinwele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, imvamisa emsileni nasezinhlangothini. Ekugcineni, zingafa ngemuva kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo.
Ukusebenzisana kwabantu
ICoyote isilwane esihlakaniphile, esidume ngobuqili bayo nangejubane laso. Kudala ashushiswa ngokuhlaselwa kwemfuyo kanye nomdlalo. Kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu lamashumi amabili. izifundazwe eziningi zazikhokha imali ngokhokho abafile. Abantu abahlala eduze kwamapulazi bavame ukuhlasela imfuyo, ikakhulukazi izimvu. Kungalimaza futhi izilimo zamakhabe, amakhabe nezinye izilimo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi eduze kwamadolobha, ama-coyotes abulala futhi adle izilwane ezifuywayo ezishiywe ubusuku bonke ngaphandle. Kunobufakazi obuthile bokuhlaselwa kwabantu, kubandakanya okungenani isigameko esisodwa esibulalayo. Kodwa-ke, izehlakalo ezinjalo azivamile kakhulu futhi, njengomthetho, zenzeka lapho ama-coyotes eyekile ukwesaba abantu (ngokwesibonelo, eduze nedolobha elingaphansi). Imvamisa bayasaba futhi babagweme abantu, kepha bayabekezelela ukuba khona kwabantu emapaki, bangatholakala njalo emadolobheni anjengeChicago neLos Angeles.
Vocalization
UCoyote ubizwa ngokuthi owokuchuma kakhulu kunazo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo zaseNyakatho Melika. Abantu abadala bayakwazi ukuzala okungenani izinhlobo eziyi-11 zokuphinyiswa kwamagama. Le misindo ihlukaniswe izigaba: agonistic nokukhathazeka, ukubingelela nokuxhumana.
Ukukhonkotha okuqina kakhulu kusetshenziswa njengosongo noma i-alamu futhi kuvame ukuzwakala ezindaweni eziseduzane, okudala ukuthi imidlwane ibuyele emuva emabeleni ayo. I-growl isetshenziswa njengophawu lokusongela emabangeni amafushane, kepha izwakala zombili ngokudlala imidlwane nakubabili bokulingisa. Ukukhonjwa kungabhekwa njengezindlela zokuxhumana ngezwi kude, naku-alamu. Ukukhonkotha okukhonkotha kwenza umsebenzi ofanayo.
Isibonakaliso sokuthumela siyakhala. Abantu abazizimbelayo bazwakalisa ukwamukela kwabo lesi sikhundla ngokukhala okukhulu kakhulu. Amagama okwamukela afaka i-wh-frequency whising ekhutshwa ngama-coyotes azithobayo, imvamisa ilandelwa ngumsila wokugoqa. Iqembu elikhonkotha liyakhala lapho amalungu amabili noma ngaphezulu wepakethe ehlangana futhi kungaba yisenzo sokugcina somkhosi wokubingelela oyinkimbinkimbi. Ukubhanqa okukodwa kanye neqembu kusetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuxhumana namanye ama-coyotes. Esokuqala sikhomba indawo yomuntu, silwa nepakethe. Ukukhala kweqembu kunikezwa ngenxa yodwa, iqembu nokukhonkotha.
Ukusinda
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21, inani lama-coyote lalilikhulu kunanini ngaphambili eNyakatho Melika, okuwubufakazi bamandla abo wokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezweni eliguqulwe ngabantu. Naphezu kokuzingela okuhlala njalo, ukujaha kanye nezinye izindlela zokulawula, inani labantu liyagcinwa, futhi ikusasa lalolu hlobo lwe-canine libonakala liphephile. Ngempela, izazi zezinto eziphilayo zikhathazekile ngokwengeziwe ngokweqile, hhayi ukuntuleka kwalezi zilwane.
AmaCoyotes ahlangana kalula nezinja ezifuywayo. Inzalo yabo ibizwa nge- koidogami.
Hlela
- Iningi labantu lihlakazekile eCanada, eNyakatho Melika, e-United States of America naseMexico. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane ezincelisayo zitholakala e-Eurasia, kepha ezindaweni zazo zingaphansi kwesilinganiso. Uzothola imininingwane enemininingwane mayelana nokusatshalaliswa ngezansi, kepha okwamanje, sinikeza izici zangaphandle zabantu abamele.
- Ngokuya ngezimpawu eziphelele, izinkomba zezilwane zingaphansi kwezimpisi. Umzimba udlulisela inani elikhulu le-1 metres ubude, okungeziwe okungama-25 cm kunikezwa umsila. Ngokusho kokubuna, izilwane ezincelisayo zikhula zibe yingxenye yemitha, kodwa-ke, abamele umndeni bavame ukutholakala bencane kakhulu. Ngokuqondene nesisindo, kuncike ngqo emafutheni nasisekelo sokudla komuntu othize. Kungaba isilinganiso esingu-8-20 kg.
- Isici esiyingqayizivele sezilwane okuxoxwe ngazo yizindlebe zendlela yokuma, lesi sici somuntu esikhundleni sokufana nezinja zasendle. Umsila uphakathi nendawo, kepha ngasikhathi sinye uyathambile futhi. Abantu abahlala ezintabeni banombala omncane omnyama kunabalingani babo, okungcono bahlala ezindaweni eziwugwadule. Isithoni sokuqala sombala we-beige brown omnyama, onsundu, wesibili.
- Uboya bukhulu futhi buphakeme. Izimbotshana ezibomvu zivame ukutholakala kuwo, kepha iningi labantu lifakwe imibala ngombala omnyama-ompunga. Isigaba sesisu sikhanyisiwe, siseduze ne-beige noma simhlophe. Umsila wase-Ukraine unodoti omnyama. Uma siqhathanisa idatha yezilwane ezincelisayo nezimpisi, okokuqala i-muzzle ilolwa kakhudlwana.
Ukondla
- Abamele lo mndeni bayamangaza. Akuzona okunamafutha kuzoba kokukhethayo ngokuya ngezinqumo zokudla. Ukudla okuningi okuyisisekelo kudliwa imvelaphi yezilwane. Ikakhulu kuvame ukuzingela ama-gophers, onogwaja, izinduku ezincane njengokungathi. Futhi yidla ama-raccoon, ama -amu, ama-beaver, izinyoni ezinethemba elikhulu, izinambuzane.
- Izilwane ezincelisayo zizizwa zizinhle endaweni yasemanzini. Bazingela kusuka ngaphezulu kwezinhlanzi namasele, bamunca izidalwa nezinye izilwane zalolu hlobo. Ngezikhathi ezithile, kuyenzeka ukuthi ujabulele izithelo, imenyu igqanyiswa ngokudla okusekwe ezitshalweni. I-Panegyric imayelana namajikijolo nezithelo, abanye ngokukhethekile badla amantongomane nojongilanga.
- Imenyu yehlukahlukene, kuye ngesizini. Lapho kungekho okudliwayo, izilwane zidonsa u-carrion, zizingele izilwane ezilimele ukuze zonge amandla. Ezinye zifuna ngqo izilwane ezigulayo, emva kwalokho zibulawa futhi zidliwe njengokudla. Uma ama-coyotes ehlala emapaki ezwe, ajwayela izivakashi futhi azijabulise.
- Ucwaningo lwenziwe lapho kwaba nenhlanhla yokuthola ukuthi lezi zilwane zidla malini nokuthi zingakanani. Ikota yemenyu yabo yansuku zonke i-carrion, okuncane okuncane kunikezwa ngamagundane nemfuyo.
- Abantu bangempela bazingela inyamazane zasendle, badle izinyoni nezinambuzane. Isakhi sezitshalo siyivelakancane, sinikezwe ngaphansi kwamaphesenti amabili. Kepha imfuyo, ama-coyotes ayihlasela kuphela lapho kungadli lutho. Ama-Sims angazingela amathole namawundlu ngasikhathi sinye.
Izitha
- Ngokuqondene nezitha zemvelo, empeleni, izilwane ezimelelwa kakhulu zizingelwa yizimpisi nama-cougars. Kungukukhula kwentsha okubuthaka kuphela okwaziyo ukuhlupheka. Imidlwane engavikelekile ihlaselwa futhi izimpaphe zasendle, izinja ezinkulu, izikhova, kanye nama-coyotes amadala. Ngaphansi kwengxenye yentsha ihlala ebudaleni.
- Futhi, izilwane okukhulunywa ngazo zinoncintisana nemvelo yemvelo. Imvamisa yethulwe ngendlela ye-fox ebomvu. Yilokho nje, futhi izilwane ezinjalo zingaphoqa ama-coyotes ukuphuma kwensimu yawo. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ukufa okuphezulu kwezilwane okumelwe kungenxa yokuthi kusengcupheni yezifo eziningi ezibulalayo.
- Ama-coyotes ashesha futhi ngamanani amakhulu aqothulwa ngabantu. Phambilini bekuba nenkinga ngenani labantu abahlonishwayo bezilwane. Le ndoda imane yaphoqwa ukuba izingele futhi ichithe ama-coyotes. Ngisho nezindawo zonke zashiswa.
Isimo
Abantu ababhekwayo bangabezinhlobo zezilwane ezivamile nezesinambuzane. AmaCoyotes asephenduke izidalwa ezihlukile, enye noma enye yahlukaniswa iminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili edlule. Kukulesi sinyathelo lapho izilwane ezethulwe khona zikwazile ukuthuthukisa futhi zihlukane nokhokho abajwayelekile. Namuhla (usuku), izilwane ezinjalo azisongelwa ngokuqothulwa.
Ku-athikili yanamuhla, yebo, mina nawe sihlole abameli abathandekayo bomndeni wama-canine, ahlukile kudatha yabo yangaphandle kanye nezici zobukhona babo. Abantu abethulwe banikezwe amazinga aphezulu obuhlakani; bangakwazi ukujwayela abantu uma behlala kumapaki kazwelonke nasezindaweni zokuhlala zabantu. Isixa esikhulu sabantu sihlakazeka kuyo yonke iNyakatho Melika.
I-Coyote emasikweni nasezinganekwaneni
Ezinganekwaneni zamaNdiya aseNyakatho Melika, i-coyote ivela njengesithixo - okhohlisayo, ubuqili, obukhali futhi onobuqili. Kepha ezinganekwaneni eziningi, futhi ugcwalisa ezinye izindima ezinganekwane, ngokwesibonelo, kuCoyote Navajo mythology, ngenkathi eqhubeka eyisidina, "kanyekanye" ungunkulunkulu wokuzingela, impi nothando, umsunguli wobuthakathi. Ezinganekwaneni zokudala, uCoyote kwesinye isikhathi udala umhlaba wabantu bokuqala, akhahle inqwaba yokungcola, indle noma ingubo yegazi. Ezizweni eziningi zomdabu zaseNyakatho Melika, i-coyote ibhekwa njengesilwane esingcwele, esinemizimba eminingi, ukuzingela kwayo okuvunyelwe ngezizathu ezingokwenkolo.
Igama elithi Coyote cishe lithola igama elithi Coyoacan.
Ukulandela okulandelayo
Izindlela eziphansi ezi-19 eziphilayo zihlukaniswa:
- I-Canis latrans latrans - I-nominotypic taxon yohlobo lwayo. Ihlala e-Alberta, Manitoba naseSaskecivan enyakatho iya eNew Mexico naseTexas eningizimu.
- Canis latrans cagottis - uhlala engxenyeni ethile yensimu yaseMexico.
- Canis latrans clepticus - Uhla lukhawulelwe eCalifornia.
- Canis latrans dickeyi - uhlala endaweni ye-El Salvador
- I-Canis latrans ukukhungatheka - Uhlala eningizimu mpumalanga neKansas empumalanga, ubuye atholakale ezifundeni zase-Arkansas, eTexas, e-Oklahoma naseMissouri.
- I-Canis latrans goldmani - uhlala eBelize.
- Canis latrans hondurensis - uhlala endaweni yaseHonduras.
- I-Canis latrans impavidus - uhlala engxenyeni ethile yensimu yaseMexico.
- I-Canis latrans incolatus - uhlala e-Alaska nasezingxenyeni ezithile zeCanada.
- Canis latrans jamesi - uhlala esiqhingini saseTiburon.
- I-Canis latrans mayes -Uhlala eBritish Columbia nase-Alberta enyakatho ukuya e-Utah naseNevada eningizimu.
- Canis latrans mearnsi - uhlala eColorado nase-Utah, kanye nasezingxenyeni ezithile ezisenyakatho neMexico.
- I-Canis latrans microdon - uhlala endaweni yaseningizimu yeTexas kanye nezindawo ezisemngceleni weTexas neMexico.
- Canis latrans ochropus - uhlala eCalifornia
- Canis latrans peninsulae - uhlala eCalifornia
- I-Canis latrans Texensis - uhlala eTexas, empumalanga New Mexico nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeMexico
- Canis latrans thamnos - uhlala eSaskatchewan, Ontario, Indiana naseMissouri
- Canis latrans umpquensis - Uhlala ogwini lwezifundazwe zaseWashington nase-Oregon
- Canis latrans vigilis - uhlala ogwini lwePacific lwaseMexico ezifundeni zaseJalisco, Michoacana naseGuerrero.