Izimbali nezilwane zase-Afrika kugadla ngokuhlukahluka kwazo, kunezilwane eziningi ezixakile, izinyoni ongeke uzithole kwamanye amazwekazi, umqhele onomqhele ummeleli wabo okhanyayo. Abantu abaningi base-Afrika bayihlonipha le nyoni engajwayelekile ephethe "umqhele wegolide" emakhanda abo, bayithathe njengendondo yekhaya, kuboniswa ngisho nasejokeni lengalo yase-Uganda, okuwuphawu lwalo lonke izwe.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Photo: Crowned Crane
ICrowned Crane yinkosi yomusa womndeni we-crane weqiniso. Isici esiyingqayizivele salolu hlobo luhlobo lomqhele ekhanda, oluqukethe izimpaphe eziningi zegolide ezacile.
Yonke imiqhele ethweswe umqhele ihlukaniswe ngombuso okungenani ngokulandela isifunda sendawo yokuhlala yendawo yezwekazi lase-Afrika:
- entshonalanga yezwekazi kuphila umqhele osentshonalanga ophila ngomqhele
- empumalanga - ama-subspecies asempumalanga.
Umehluko wabo oyinhloko ukuhlelela okuhlukile kwezindawo ezibomvu namhlophe ezihlathini, ngaphandle kwalokho ziyefana ngokuphelele.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Photo: Ngabe ubukeka kanjani umqhele onomqhele?
Umqhele onomqhele inyoni enkulu eqinile, ukuphakama kwawo kungafinyelela ku-90-100 cm noma ngaphezulu, amaphiko ayo acishe abe amamitha amabili, isisindo sisuka ku-4 kuye ku-5, 5 kg. I-dimorphism yezocansi kulezi zidalwa ayikhulunywa, kepha izintokazi zibukeka zincane kunabesilisa.
Cishe wonke umzimba wama-cranes unombala onsomi omnyama noma omnyama, futhi i-elytra kanye nezangaphansi ezikhipha izimpaphe ezimboza ezimhlophe. Ikhanda elincane lihlotshiswe ngobuhle obumangazayo bezimpaphe zegolide eziphuzi - ngenxa yalesi sici, inyoni ithole igama lobukhosi. Ebantwini abasha, iplamu likhaphukhaphu kunakuvuthiwe: iziphetho zezimpaphe ezingxenyeni engenhla yomzimba ziyindlela yejinja, nangaphansi kwesihlabathi. Intamo yezinsana in nsundu, ibunxa liphuzi.
Uqhwayi lwenyoni emnyama, encane, ethambile. Ngaphansi kwesilevu, bonke abantu, kungakhathalekile ubulili, bane-sac ebomvu yomphimbo, efana naleyo yama-turkeys nama-roosters, kepha i-crane ingayifaka.
Amachashazi abomvu namhlophe akhanyayo ohlangothini ngalunye ahlobisa izihlathi zezinyoni.:
- ku-subspecies asempumalanga, ubomvu butholakala mhlophe ngaphezulu,
- eNtshonalanga Afrika, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ibala elimhlophe lingaphezulu kokubomvu.
Imilenze imnyama, iqinile ngokwanele. Umqhele onomqhele unenye futhi into ewuhlukanisa ezihlotsheni zawo - ezinyaweni zenyoni kukhona uzwane olude olungemuva.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Izinyoni ezinomqhele zingandiza zifike kumamitha ayi-10,000.
Ukubonakala komqhele onomqhele
Umqhele onomqhele uyinyoni enkulu impela futhi unamaphiko amasentimitha angama-183 kuya ku-188 ukuphakama okufinyelela amasentimitha angama-104 nesisindo samakhilogremu amane kuya kwezinhlanu.
Iningi lamapayipi lipendiwe ngombala ompunga omnyama noma omnyama, kepha izimpaphe ezimbozayo zephiko ne-elytra zipendwe zimhlophe.
Isici esibonisa kakhulu umqhele onomqhele yi-crest enkulu, ebekwe ekhanda. Lokhu kukholwa kunombala wegolide wezimpaphe ezilukhuni kakhulu, eqinisweni kwaba yisizathu sokuthi lolu hlobo lwamakhreyidi luqale ukubizwa ngokuthi umqhele. Kunezindawo ezimbili ezimhlophe nezibomvu esihlathini ngasinye.
ICrowned Crane (Balearica pavonina).
Umqhele onomqhele unezindawo ezimbili ezingaphansi. Le yiBalearica pavonina pavonina pavonina, ehlala engxenyeni esentshonalanga yezwekazi lase-Afrika kanye neBalearica pavonina ceciliae, esivame e-Ethiopia naseSudan. Lezi zindawo ezimbili ezingaphansi ziyehluka ngokuthi amabala asesihlathini anenqubo ehlukile. EBalearica pavonina ceciliae, ibala elimhlophe lingaphansi kokubomvu, kuyilapho ehlukahlukene eNtshonalanga ne-Afrika indawo lapho amabala aphambana ngokuphelele (ibala elimhlophe lingaphezulu kokubomvu).
Ngaphansi kwesigaxa somqhele onomqhele kukhona isigaxa somphimbo obomvu wosayizi omncane ofana nama-sacs womphimbo wama-turkeys nama-roosters. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi isikhwama sentamo se-crane enomqhele singavuvukala. Umlomo walezi zinyoni umncane, umnyama ngombala futhi uthambile kancane ukusuka ezinhlangothini. Imilenze imnyama. Ukusuka kwamanye amakhreyithi, umqhele onomqhele ubuye uhlukaniswe neqiniso lokuthi unalo olude olungemuva, olubavumela ukuba balondoloze ngokungaguquki isikhundla esimile ngenkathi behleli emagatsheni ezihlahla nezihlahla.
Inani lale nyoni liselikhulu impela futhi lifinyelela kubantu abangaba ngu-40,000.
Umehluko wangaphandle phakathi kwabesifazane nabesilisa uvezwa buthakathaka, yize abesilisa bekhudlwana. Abantu abancane bahlukaniswa ngamapayipi akhanyayo, ngaphezu kwalokho, iplamu lomzimba ophezulu linemiphetho ebomvu, kuyilapho izeluleko zezimpaphe ezingezansi zinombala wesihlabathi. Ubuso bomqhele onomqhele buphuzi, futhi emuva kwentamo kube nsundu.
Uhlala kuphi umqhele onomqhele?
Photo: Crowned Crane bird
Lolu hlobo lwemikhuhlane luhlala:
- ohlangothini oluseningizimu ogwadule lwaseSahara,
- I-Ethiopia, iBurundi, iSudan, i-Uganda,
- zande empumalanga ye-Afrika.
Ithatha izimpande kahle ezindaweni ezomile, kepha imvamisa itholakala eduzane namachibi, ezixhaphozini ezinamanzi amasha, nasezimfundeni ezimanzi. Imikhumbi emiqhele ihlala futhi emasimini enerayisi nezinye izilimo, ezidinga umswakama omkhulu. Zitholakala ezindaweni ezishiywe duzane nemifula emincane.
Umqhele othweswe umqhele awubesabi nhlobo abantu, uvame ukuhlala eduze kwamapulazi nokuhlala abantu. Ngokuphumula kobusuku ukhetha amathayi e-acacia. Impilo yabo yonke, imiqhele emiqhele iboshelwe endaweni eyodwa, abangayishiya kwesinye isikhathi, behamba amabanga amade, kepha babuye futhi. Ngesikhathi sesomiso esinzima, lapho kufuna ukudla, bafuna eduze kwamadlelo, amapulazi nezindlu zabantu. I-crane isinda kahle ezimweni zokufakelwa, ezenza kube yinyoni eyamukelekile kuzo zonke i-zoo, kufaka neyangasese.
Isiza esidlekwa yile mihubhe sisuka kumahektha ayi-10 kuye kwangama-40, okuyinto ebhekwa njengendawo encane kakhulu yalolu hlobo, kepha ivikelwe ngentshiseko kwezinye izinyoni. Izinyoni zabo zibeka izidleke zazo eduze kwamanzi, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nasemanzini phakathi kwamathangi aminyene.
Manje uyazi lapho kutholakala khona umqhele onomqhele. Masibone ukuthi udlani.
Incazelo Nezici
Ama-cranes awumndeni wonke, oyingxenye yeqembu elinjenge-crane. Lesi sakamuva sifaka inani elikhulu lezinto ezihlukile ngesakhiwo, indlela yokuziphatha kanye nokubukeka kwabamele iziloba ezinamakhanda, zinomsuka wakudala kakhulu, ezinye zazo ezingamanyala namuhla.
Umqhele – inyoni endeUkuba nentamo ende nemilenze. Ngaphandle, izidalwa ezinjalo ziyafana nalezo ezihlobene nazo, noma zikude kakhulu, izingwamza namakhaza. Kepha ngokungafani neyokuqala, ojantshi abanawo umkhuba wokudlela ezihlahleni, ngaphezu kwalokho, zinhle kakhulu.
Futhi ohlotsheni lwesibili lwezinyoni zingahlukaniswa ngendlela ezindizayo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukuhamba emoyeni, banomkhuba wokwelula intamo nemilenze yabo, ebonakalayo ukuthi yinde ukwedlula imifino. Ikhanda lezinyoni ezinje lincane kakhulu, uqhwaku luqondile futhi lubukhali, kodwa ngokulingana lincane kunalolo lwezinsikazi.
Lapho zisemhlabathini ngamaphiko azo asongelwe, umsila wazo unikeza umbono wesimangaliso futhi eside ngenxa yezimpaphe eziningana ezindizayo eziphapha. Umbala walezi zidalwa ezinamaphiko uvame ukuba mhlophe noma mpunga.
Izinhlobo eziningi zemikhunta zinesici esithandekayo. Zinezimpaphe ezingenasikhumba ezinemibala ekhanyayo emakhanda abo. Yonke eminye imininingwane yokubukeka ingabhekwa. ku-crane yesithombe.
Kukholakala ukuthi ikhaya lokhokho balolu hlobo lwezinyoni yiMelika, ukusuka lapho bathuthela e-Asia ezikhathini zangaphambi kokubusa, futhi kamuva baphinde basakazekela nakwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Noma namuhla engxenyeni eseningizimu yezwekazi laseMelika lezi zinyoni azenzeki nje, njengase-Antarctica. Kepha kuzinze kahle kuwo wonke amanye amazwekazi omhlaba.
Ukukhala Kwekhwele entwasahlobo kuvame ukuzwakala kude, kukhale ngokuzwakalayo ezizungeze indawo ezungezile. Ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka, izinyoni zivame ukushaya indle. Bakhiqiza into efana ne-multiple: "Skoko-o-rum." Kwezinye izikhathi, izwi le-crane lizwakala lihluke ngokuphelele.
Ukukhala okufanayo kufana nokubizwa ngokuthi i-kurlyanem. Imvamisa, amavoti amabili nawo ahlanganyela kule kholi ye-roll.
Ngenxa yobuhle bayo nomusa wayo, imifula kusiko labantu abahlukahlukene kakhulu emhlabeni ishiye uphawu oluphilayo futhi kukhulunywa ngalo ezinganekwaneni nasezinganekwaneni. Baphenduka amaqhawe amasiko nezindaba zemilingo zamaNdiya aseNyakatho Melika.
Izinganekwane ngabo zitholakala emisebenzini yomlomo yabantu base-Middle Kingdom, eSaudi Arabia nasogwini loLwandle i-Aegean.
Ukuthi okhokho bethu basendle bebejwayelene nabo kufakazelwa yimidwebo yomhume nokunye okujabulisa kakhulu okwatholwa abavubukuli. Kepha manje inani labantu abasebenza nge-crane lihlupheke kakhulu, futhi isibalo saso siyanda njalo. Futhi ikakhulukazi lokhu kusebenza ezinhlotsheni ezizokhulunywa futhi zimakwe njengezinqabile, ngezansi.
Izinhlobo zemikhumbi
Njengengxenye yomndeni we-crane, owabonakala eMhlabeni ngesikhathi lapho ama-dinosaurs azulazula kuwo (ngokusho kweminye imibiko engaba yizigidi ezingama-60 edlule), kukhona izinhlobo zofuzo ezine, ezihlukaniswe yizinhlobo eziyi-15.
Eziyisikhombisa zazo zitholakala endaweni yaseRussia. Amalungu alo naluphi uhlobo anezimpawu zawo futhi ayathandeka ngendlela yawo. Cabanga ngezinye zazo.
1. Umqhele obomvu. Abamele lolu hlobo lwezilwane babhekwa phakathi kwezinde kakhulu. Ubude bawo buba malunga nama-176 cm. Izimpiko zalezi zidalwa zinamaphiko angama-240 cm.Izinyoni ezinjalo zineplamu elimpunga onsundu, imilenze ebomvu obomvu, umlomo wazo uluhlaza okotshani, mude. Bahlala eNdiya, futhi batholakala nakwezinye izindawo eziseduzane nase-Asia. Ngobukhulu obuncane, izinyoni ezifanayo ziyabonakala e-Australia.
2. I-crane ejwayelekile. Ngaphandle kufana ne-crane echazwe ngaphambilini, kakhulu kangangokuba esikhathini esithile esedlule, izazi zesayensi yezokwelapha zithi laba abamele izilwane ezinamaphiko ezinhlotsheni ezifanayo. Kodwa-ke, isembozo sezimpaphe zezinyoni ezinjalo sisaqala ukuba mnyama.
Ubungako bezinhlobo zase-Australia bungaphansi kancanyana kwabalingani baseNdiya. Ukukhula kwezinhlobo zalolu hlobo cishe kungama-161 cm.
3. Umqhele obomvu yezihlobo kubhekwa njengobunzima kakhulu. Isisindo sabantu abathile sifinyelela ku-11 kg. Abamele le nhlobo bahlala hhayi eJapan kuphela, kodwa futhi batholakala naseMpumalanga Ekude. Ingxenye ebalulekile yeplamu labo imhlophe.
Kuphela intamo nangemuva lamaphiko kuphela umahluko phakathi kwazo (mnyama), kanti imilenze yezinyoni ezinjalo inombala onsomi omnyama. Lolu hlobo lomndeni omelwe lincane kakhulu. Kuze kube manje, imifula enjalo ayidluli abantu abayizinkulungwane ezimbili, futhi ngenxa yalokho inhlobo isongelwa ngokuqothulwa ngokuphelele.
4. I-Demoiselle Crane. Le nhlobo iyaphawuleka ngenxa yokuthi abamele abancane kakhulu emndenini wama-cranes. Zinezisindo ezibalelwa ku-2 kg noma ngaphezulu, futhi ukuphakama kwazo ngokuvamile akudluli ku-89 cm. Igama lale nyoni alikhohlisi, muhle impela.
Isizinda esikhulu sepeni lalezi zidalwa ngombala onsomi. Ingxenye yezimpaphe zephiko i-grey-ash. Imilenze imnyama, ehamba kahle ngezimpaphe zekhanda, okuthi, njengentamo, inephunga elimnyama. Njengebuhlalu obomawolintshi asemakhanda abo, amehlo kanye nomphuzi ophuzi, umlomo omfishane uyabonakala.
Kodwa ukubukeka kwalezi zinyoni kubukeka kahle kakhulu ngezimpaphe ezinde ezimhlophe ezilengiswe kusukela emakhanda kuya ezintanjeni zisesimweni senyanga eyi-crescent. Abamele le nhlobo bayasakazeka futhi batholakala ezifundeni eziningi ze-Eurasia, kanye nasendaweni yezwekazi lase-Afrika.
Imisindo eyenziwe yilezi zidalwa ezinhle iyisidumbu esiphakeme sendodana ephakeme.
5. I-White Crane (ISyerian Crane) - yindawo ezifika enyakatho yezwe lethu. Kepha ngisho naseRussia, izinhlobo zithathwa njengezincane ngokugxeka. Le nyoni inkulu impela, inamaphiko angamamitha amabili noma ngaphezulu, futhi izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo zingafinyelela isisindo esingaphezu kwama-8 kg.
Izinyoni zinomlomo omude obomvu cishe nomthunzi ofanayo wemilenze. Ingxenye eyinhloko yeplamu, njengoba negama lisho, imhlophe, ngaphandle kwezinye izimpaphe.
6. I-Whooping Crane - kude nommeli omncane womndeni. Izinyoni ezinjalo zitholakala eCanada kuphela, futhi endaweni enomkhawulo kakhulu, ngoba, ngeshwa, inhlobo encane incane ngokwenzekile. I-plumage eyinhloko yezinyoni ezinjalo ine-hue emhlophe qhwa, ngaphandle kokungezelwa okuthile okumnyama.
7. Isigaxa esimnyama. Futhi nezinhlobonhlobo ezincane kakhulu, eziphawulwe eNcwadini ebomvu. Isigaqa esinjalo sihlala eMpumalanga Russia nase China. Kuze kube muva nje, izinhlobo lezi azifundiswanga kangako. Abamele bayo bancane ngosayizi futhi banesisindo isilinganiso esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu amathathu. Ipent tint yalezi zidalwa imnyama kakhulu, ngaphandle kwentamo nengxenye yekhanda, emhlophe.
8. I-belladonna yase-Afrika - umhlali waseNingizimu Afrika. Le nyoni incane futhi inesisindo esingama-5 kg. I-hue eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngumbala oyinhloko wepeni lezidalwa ezinjalo. Izimpaphe ezinde kuphela ezisekupheleni kwephiko ziba mpunga noma zimnyama. Futhi, lezi zinyoni zibizwa ngokuthi ama-cranes epharadesi.
9. Umqhele Oshisiwe - futhi futhi ongumhlali wase-Afrika, kepha usatshalaliswa kuphela ezifundeni ezisempumalanga nasentshonalanga ezwekazini. Lesi sidalwa, ngokuqhathaniswa nezihlobo, siphakathi ngosayizi, futhi sinokubukeka okungajwayelekile. Izimpaphe zakhona zimnyama kakhulu ngokungezwa okukhanyayo nokubomvu. Umqhele ubizwa ngokuthi umqhele ngenxa yesigaxa esikhulu segolide esihlobisa ikhanda.
10. Igrey crane. Lo mmeleli omkhulu womndeni ungowokuhlala kuma-expanses e-Eurasia. Ingxenye eyinhloko yeplamu yayo ine-tint eblue. I-nuhvoste emnyama emnyama futhi emuva, futhi iziphetho ezimnyama zamaphiko ziqhamile ngombala. Lolu hlobo ngenani nokusatshalaliswa lusendaweni yesibili ngemuva komqhele.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala yomqhele onomqhele
Lezi zinyoni zihlukaniswe ngokwemibandela ezinhlotsheni ezimbili - empumalanga nentshonalanga. Umqhele oMqhele waseMpumalanga uhlala eKenya, Zambia naseningizimu ye-Afrika. I-crane yasentshonalanga ihlala endaweni evela eSudan iya eSenegal.
ICrowned Crane - inyoni engamakhilogremu amahlanu, efinyelela ubude obufika kumitha eyodwa nephiko lamamitha amabili. Kumpunga omnyama noma omnyama, izixhumi zezimpaphe ezimhlophe.
Imqhele yasempumalanga, evela eNtshonalanga Afrika, ihlukaniswa amabala esihlathini sayo. Esokuqala sinendawo ebomvu etholakala ngaphezu kokumhlophe, elesibili likhulu ngosayizi. Njengama-turkeys, anesikhwama somphimbo obomvu okwazi ukudumba, futhi amehlo awo adonsela ukunaka ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Uqhwaku lumnyama, alukho olukhulu futhi lubunjiwe kancane ezinhlangothini. Umehluko omkhulu umqhele onomqhelengenxa yokuthi laqanjwa ngalo, isixha sezimpaphe ezilukhuni zegolide ekhanda, esikhumbuza kakhulu umqhele.
Esithombeni kukhona umqhele onomqhele
Izinzwani zesifuba zinde, ngosizo lwazo ungahlala isikhathi eside ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni ebusuku. Babuye balale emanzini uqobo, bezisindisa ezilwaneni ezidla yodwa. Izinsikazi zalezi zinyoni, ngaphandle, cishe azifani nabesilisa, ukukhula okuncane kulula kakhulu, kube nesihlephu esiphuzi.
Isimilo nokuphila kwendlela yomqhele
ICrown Crowned, ikhetha izikhala ezivulekile, izindawo ezimanzi. Kutholakala nezindima zerayisi, izindawo zezolimo ezishiywe dengwane, osebeni lwamachibi, emasimini.
Baphila impilo yokuhlala isikhathi eside, kepha bangahamba amashumi amakhilomitha ngosuku. Esikhathini sasemini, lezi zinyoni ziyasebenza impela, zihlala emhlambini omkhulu, zivame ukuhlangana nabanye abantu.
Empeleni abesabi abantu, ngakho-ke akhiwe eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala. Kepha lokhu kuphela ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi yemvula.Lapho-ke imiqhele ethweswe umqhele ihlukaniswe ngababili, izindawo abahlala kuzo zihlukaniswe, bavikela ngenkuthalo insimu yabo nenzalo yesikhathi esizayo kumadada, goose nakweminye imijondolo.
Esithombeni kukhona umqhele onamakhanda
Ukuphiswa Komqhele Osetshenzisiwe
I-crane enomqhele iyamangaza; ukudla kwayo kufaka phakathi ukudla kwezitshalo nezilwane. Zidla ngotshani, imbewu ehlukahlukene, izimpande, izinambuzane, zijabulela ukujabulela amasele, izibungu nezinhlanzi.
Uzulazula emasimini, ufuna ukudla, ojantshi badla amagundane kanye okusanhlamvu, ngakho abalimi abaxoshi. Ngesikhathi sesomiso, izinyoni ziya eduze nemihlambi yezilwane ezinophondo olukhulu, lapho kutholakala khona ama-invertebrates amaningi. Kungakho nje abalambanga futhi bahlala bondla inzalo yabo.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwekhreyithi enomqhele
Ukuthomba kwabantu abadala kwenzeka eneminyaka emithathu. Lapho kuqala inkathi yokuzalela, imiqhele emiqhele iqala ukunakekelana kahle. Umdanso luhlobo lokudlala ngothando.
Emdansweni wesithombe womqhele onomqhele
Ukuheha ukunaka bona, izinyoni ziphonsa imichilo yotshani, zishaye amaphiko azo kakhulu, zinikine amakhanda, futhi zigxume zikhuphuke. Enye indlela yokwenza lokhu ukwenza imisindo ehlukahlukene yamacilongo ngokufaka imali esikhwameni sakho somphimbo. Ngenkathi kuculwa, amakhilogremu agobela amakhanda awo phambili, bese aziphonsa emuva ngejubane.
Njengoba sebekhethe umngane womshado, abazali besikhathi esizayo baqala ukusonta besuka emithini, amahlumela ahlukahlukene ahlanganiswe notshani, isidleke esimnandi senzalo yabo. Imvamisa iyindilinga ngesimo. Bayibeka endaweni yokugcina amanzi uqobo, lapho kukhona khona izimila eziningi, noma eduze nolwandle futhi bavikelekile kahle. Owesifazane, njengomthetho, ubekela amaqanda amabili kuya kwayisihlanu, ubude bawo amasentimitha amabili kuya kwayishumi nambili, anombala ofanayo opinki noma onsomi ngombala.
Ama-cranes womabili amaqanda aqandayo; insikazi ivame kakhulu esidlekeni. Ngemuva kwenyanga bazala. Amathoyizi amancane ambozwe ngombala onsundu omnyama, angashiya isidleke kungakapheli usuku futhi angabuyi izinsuku eziningana.
Esikhathini esizayo, umndeni we-crane udinga ukuthuthela endaweni ephakeme, ezindaweni ezinotshani obuningi, lapho ufuna izinambuzane namahlumela aluhlaza. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinyoni ziyaxoxa, zitshela lapho kunokudla okwengeziwe, futhi lapho zenelisekile, zibuyela endaweni yazo yokuhlala. Uma unyaka ungathandeki kakhulu, khona-ke lo mbhangqwana awushiyi umhlambi wawo nhlobo. Amachwane amancane angandiza ngokuzimela kuphela emva kwezinyanga ezimbili, ezintathu.
Esithombeni kukhona iphuphu le-crane enomqhele
Ama-cranes aqokiwe ahlala endle okweminyaka engamatshumi amabili, kuthi e-zoo, reservation kanye nawo wonke amashumi amathathu, ngawo abizwa ngawo ngokuba ngamakhulu eminyaka. Kepha, ngaphandle kwalokhu, banezitha eziningi, ngaphezu kwezilwane nezinyoni ezinkulu, into esemqoka umuntu. Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule kube khona ukubanjwa okukhulu kwama-cranes, lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu amanani abo futhi kubenza babe sengozini enkulu.
Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat
Izinhlobo eziningi zemijondolo ziyizinyoni zokubhukuda noma zihlala eduze kwanoma iyiphi imithombo, futhi ngamanzi, amasha futhi anosawoti. Izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo zithanda izinto ezinosawoti zibe zintsha ebusika, zithuthele ogwini lolwandle nasezigungwini ezinamanzi anosawoti angenawo u-ice kuphela ngezikhathi zezulu elibandayo.
Kepha i-belladonna (lokhu kusebenza ezinhlotsheni zase-Afrika) ezazijwayeza ukuthula ukuze zihlale kude nazo zonke izinhlobo zamanzi, zichitha izinsuku zokuphila kwakhe zisemaphethelweni nasendaweni eyomile.
Ngokuvamile, abamele umndeni ochaziwe basakazekela ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zezulu zesimo sezulu. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhuluma ngezitha zemvelo zojantshi, indawo yabo kufanele ibhekwe.
Isibonelo, ezindaweni ezifudumele amaqanda abo awagxili ekudleni ama-raccoon, izimpungushe, amabhere. Ukudla okumnandi kwezimpisi ngamachwane asanda kuzalwa. Yebo, abantu abadala basatshiswa ikakhulukazi ngabazidlayo abanamehlo, ngokwesibonelo, izinkozi zegolide.
Ebusika, bafuna ukuthuthela ezindaweni ezifudumele futhi imifula indizela eningizimu izifunda ezisenyakatho zeplanethi. Futhi izinyoni ezihlala ezindaweni ezithinta isimo sezulu ngokujwayelekile azihambi kuhambo olude kangako, zikhetha impilo ehleliwe ekuphazamiseni ukunyakaza okunjalo.
Izilwane ezincane ekuqaleni kobusika bazo (okuyisici, kusobala, ngemikhuba yokufuduka kuphela) ziya ezifundeni eziseningizimu nabazali bazo, abazama ukunakekela nokuvikela inzalo engenalwazi. Kodwa-ke, ukufuduka kwentwasahlobo ukuya kuzindawo zokuzalela kwenziwa yisizukulwane esivuthiwe ngokwazo (njengomthetho, basuka kancane ngaphambi kwesizukulwane esidala).
Imizila emide ayinqobi ngesikhathi. Futhi ngezikhathi zokuhamba, izinyoni ezinjalo zenza eyodwa noma ngisho nezimbalwa, zenziwe ngendlela ejwayelekile, izindawo ezikhethiwe ngaphambili, ukupaka. Futhi isikhathi sabo sokuphumula cishe singamaviki amabili.
Ama-Cranes ayindiza imvamisa yinhle, ikhuphuka ngaphezu komhlaba ifinyelele kumakhilomitha nanguhhafu, ngenkathi ihamba emoyeni, ibanjwa yimisinga efudumele ekhuphukayo. Uma indlela yomoya ingalungile kubo, bahlangana nge-arc noma wedge.
Le ndlela yokwakha inciphisa ukumelana komoya futhi isiza laba bahambi abanamaphiko ukonga amandla abo.
Ukufika ezingosini zezidleke, izinyoni ezinjalo zihlala kuphela kumasayithi wazo (leyo nsimu ivame ukuhlala endaweni engamakhilomitha-skwele ambalwa) futhi izivikele ngenkuthalo ekungeneni kwezimbangi zazo. Isikhathi sokuvuka kwezinyoni ezinjalo usuku. Ekuseni bayondla, njengasemini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo yansuku zonke yalezi zidalwa ezihlanzekile, njengomthetho, ifaka ukunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside kwesembozo sazo sezimpaphe.
Yini epha umqhele umqhele?
Photo: Crowned Crane from the Red Book
Ama-cranes aqhekekile adla cishe yonke into, wona ngesifiso esifanayo sokudla adla ukudla kwemvelaphi yezilwane nemifino.
Isisekelo samamenyu abo kungaba:
- imbewu, amahlumela ezitshalo, izimpande, kwesinye isikhathi okusanhlamvu okuvela emasimini ezolimo,
- izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, inhlanzi, amasele, izibankwa, amagundane, nezinye izilwanyana ezincane ezingenamsoco kanye nama-vertebrates.
Ngesikhathi sesomiso, izinyoni zithutheleka emihlambini yezilwane ezinophondo olukhulu, lapho ungathola khona ubuningi bama-invertebrates aphazamiseka ngemfuyo. Ngenxa yobuntu babo obumangalisayo, akuvamile ukuba bafumane indlala futhi bahlala bondla izingane.
Ezimweni zokuvalelwa, abukho ubunzima ngokudla kwabo. Ukudla okuvela e-zoo, njengasemvelweni, kuxubekile. Ukudla kwezitshalo kufaka ukolweni, amabele, ibhali nakho konke okusobala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyoni zithola imifino eminingi ehlukahlukene. Inyama, inhlanzi, i-hamarus crustaceans, ukhokho ushizi kanye namagundane bakha ukudla kwesilwane. Ngokwesilinganiso, umuntu oyedwa omdala udinga kufike ku-1 kilogalamu yezinhlobo ezimbili zokuphakelwa nsuku zonke.
Iqiniso elihehayot: Lolu hlobo lwenyoni luyilo kuphela oluqhamuka emndenini omkhulu we-crane ukuthi, ngenxa yenzwane ende ende, luhlala ezihlahleni - lusebenza emagatsheni alo ubusuku. Imvamisa, lokhu bakhetha amathokheni aminyene ama-acacias, ezinye izinhlobo zezihlahla ezingatheni.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Photo: Crowned Cranes
Inyoni enomqhele ikhetha indlela yokuphila exazululiwe. Noma kunjalo, ingazulazula kuya ngesikhathi sonyaka ngaphandle kokweqa imingcele yendawo yayo yemvelo. Ukufuduka kwesizini nokwansuku zonke ngobude bawo kungafinyelela amashumi amakhilomitha ambalwa. Iyasebenza ngesikhathi sasemini, ebusuku ithanda ukuphumula umqhele wezihlahla.
Ama-cranes aphambuka abe mhlambi omkhulu, esebenzisana nomunye. Noma ngesikhathi sokufuduka, abantu abadala baxhumana ngemisindo ethile yomphimbo, esiza ekuxhumaniseni kangcono izenzo zelungu ngalinye lephakethe. Kuqala kwenkathi yemvula kuphela lapho bahlukana khona ngababili ukuzitholela nokuvikela insimu yabo kwezinye izihlobo zabo, kanye namahansi kanye namadada. Uma unyaka uphela ungathandeki ngenxa yezimo zezulu, khona-ke umbhangqwana ongamaqhele onomqhele kungenzeka ungawushiyeki umhlambi bese ulindela izimo ezinhle zokufaka amaqanda.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Endle, imifula ethwele umqhele ihlala ngokwesilinganiso esifinyelela eminyakeni engama-20 kuye kwengama-30, endaweni ebiyelwe ngokudla okunempilo nokunakekelwa okufanele, abanye abantu bawela umngcele weminyaka engamashumi amahlanu, okuyiwona esivame ukubizwa ngawo ngamakhulu eminyaka uma kuqhathaniswa nabanye abahlali bezilwane zasolwandle.
Ukusakazeka Komqhele
Umqhele othweswe umqhele uhlala eziwombeni ezisendaweni eseningizimu yehlane laseSahara, esifundeni saseSahel. Kujwayelekile nase-Ethiopia, eSudan, eBurundi, eRwanda, e-Uganda naseMpumalanga Afrika. Ikhetha izikhala ezivulekile, ezingaba yixhaphozi noma enye eyomile. Kodwa-ke, preference inikezwa ogwini lwamachibi, izimfunda ezikhukhulayo kanye nezimbumbulu zamanzi amasha.
Ama-cranes ama crowner nawo angatholakala emasimini erayisi, kanye nasemasimini agcinelwe ezinye izilimo ezithanda umswakama. Ipulazi elilahliwe eliseduze namachibi nalo liyathandwa.
ICrane ingatholakala futhi emikhakheni yelayisi noma kwezinye izilimo ezithanda umswakama.
Imvamisa ezindaweni lapho kuhlala khona umqhele onomqhele ungathola i-acacia nezinye izihlahla lapho le misebe ithanda ukuhlala khona ubusuku. Umqhele othweswe umqhele awuzizwa wesaba abantu futhi uvame ukuhlala endaweni yokuhlala kwabantu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Crowned Crane Chick
Ukuthwalwa kwemikhumbi ethweswe umqhele kwenzeka eneminyaka emithathu. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, futhi kuba yisikhathi semvula, abantu abadala baqala ukunakekelana kahle futhi umdanso oyingqayizivele ungenye indlela yokudlala ngothando. Ngesikhathi somdanso, izinyoni zizama ukuheha ukunakwa okuphezulu komlingani wazo ezingaba khona. Ama-cranes aphonsa utshani phezulu, akhwehle futhi acwebe amaphiko awo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesilisa bayakwazi ukucula, ngoba bathobela isikhwama somphimbo bese benza umsindo wecilongo. Ngesikhathi sokudlala, umculi ubeka ikhanda lakhe ngomqhele wegolide phambili, bese awuphonsa masinyane.
Ukuzikhethela i-pair, izinyoni ziqala ukusonta isidleke. Imvamisa basebenzisa i-sedge noma obunye utshani ngale njongo. Bathola izidleke zabo ikakhulukazi osebeni lwedamu, phakathi kwamathanga ngqo emanzini, lapho insikazi ibekela amaqanda ama-2 kuye kwangama-5, kuya ngeminyaka yobudala benyoni. Usayizi weqanda ungafinyelela ku-12 cm, ube nombala opinki noma onsomi.
Ama-cranes aqhakaza amaqanda inyanga, kuyilapho owesilisa nawo ebamba iqhaza kule nqubo. Ngemuva kosuku lokuzalwa kwamachwane, umzimba wawo ombozwe ngotshani onsundu, ungashiya isidleke, kepha emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa uphinde ubuye. Ngalesi sikhathi, umndeni we-crane uthutha egqumeni uyofuna ukudla, futhi lapho usuthisiwe, ziphinda zigijimele endaweni yezihambi. Ojantshi abadala bafundisa amaphuphu abo ukuthola ukudla, benza imisindo ehlukene, "chaza" imithetho yokuziphatha. Ukukhula okusha kuqala ukundiza ezinyangeni ezingama-2-3.
Ukuphinda uzalwe nendlela yokuphila yomqhele onomqhele
Umqhele onomqhele ukhetha indlela yokuphila exazululiwe, kepha kuya ngesizini ingazulazula ngaphakathi kobubanzi bayo bemvelo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukufuduka kwansuku zonke nangokwezikhathi kungaba kukhulu impela ebangeni labo futhi kufinyelela amashumi ngamakhilomitha. I-crane esebenzayo yomqhele ngesikhathi sasemini.
Ithanda ukuntywila, futhi inkulu ngokwanele, noma kunjalo, lokhu akusebenzi esikhathini sokuzalela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kuqala imvula, lezi zinyoni zihlukaniswe ngababili abavikela indawo okuhlalwa kuyo, kusukela kwabanye abamele izinhlobo zazo, nakwezinye izinyoni, njengamahansi namadada.
I-dimorphism yezocansi (umehluko obonakalayo phakathi kowesilisa nowesifazane) awubizwa ngomqhele onomqhele.
Isikhathi sokuzala sisenkathini yemvula. Ukuthandana kuyakhonjiswa phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Enye yezinto ezivame kakhulu ukwenziwa kwemisindo yokushaya izandla, etholakala ngokufiphaza ishezi lomphimbo ngokukhishwa komoya okulandelayo. Kulokhu, ama-cranes athela ikhanda phambili, bese eyiphonsa emuva ngokunyakaza okubukhali.
Eminye imidlalo ehlukahlukene yokuzalelisa imisindo ekhethekile yamacilongo engahlukaniswa kalula kuleyo misindo eyenziwe ezinye izinhlobo zamakhreyidi anama-tracheas amade. Ngasikhathi sinye, imidlalo yokuphephisa ingahambisana nemidanso ehlanganyelwe, okubandakanya ukunikina ikhanda lakho, ukuphonsa izigaxa zotshani, amaphiko okundiza, ukugxuma nokushaywa ngamandla.
Indawo okuhlalwa kuyo ukuthola izidleke incane impela futhi isukela kumahektare ayishumi kuya kwamashumi amane, kepha le ndawo incane ivikelwe ngokucophelela ekungeneni kwezinye izinyoni. Isidleke sinomumo oyindilinga futhi sakhiwe, njengomthetho, kusuka ku-sedge, kepha uma kungekho obunye utshani bungasetshenziswa. Itholakala eduze namanzi, kwezinye izikhathi ngisho ngqo emanzini, phakathi kwezimila eziminyene.
Okuphawuleka kwemikhondo ethweswe umqhele kuyinto ebonakalisayo ebunzini.
Amaqanda adonswa insikazi apinki noma aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka angenabala. Inani labo lisukela kwababili kuya kwabayisihlanu, kepha ngokwesilinganiso - okubili nesigamu. Isikhathi nesikhathi sokufakwa sisuka ezinsukwini ezingama-28 kuye kwezingama-31. Bobabili abazali babamba iqhaza ekungenisweni kwamaqanda, yize insikazi ibandakanyeka kulokhu.
Izinkukhu ezidonsa kusuka emaqanda zimbozwe phansi futhi zingashiya isidleke ngosuku, kepha, njengomthetho, zibuyela lapho kungakapheli izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu. Kungekudala ngemuva kokuvela kwamachwane, umndeni uguqula indawo ahlala kuyo, uthuthela ezindaweni ezinotshani eziphakeme lapho angadlela khona amathiphu wokudubula nezinambuzane. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-60-100, amaphuphu aba namaphiko.
Ezikhathini ezomile, imifula egcotshwe umqhele indizela ezindaweni eziphakeme futhi imvamisa ingatholakala eduze kwemihlambi emikhulu yezilwane, lapho ungathola khona isibalo esikhulu sezilwane ezi-invertebrate eziphazanyiswe ukuhamba komhlambi. Uma unyaka wonke, umbhangqwana ongemuhle ungahle uwushiye umhlambi wazo futhi uwushiye.
Ukuqomisana kungahambisana nemidanso ehambisanayo, efaka ukushaya amakhala, ukudansa, amaphiko okushayela, njll.
Izitha Zemvelo Zama-Crowned Cranes
Photo: Crowned Cranes
Endle, izinyoni zasendle ezahlukahlukene, izinyamazane zase-Afrika zingangena empilweni yazo. Intsha ihlaselwa kaningi, kwesinye isikhathi inzalo iyafa iqanda ngaphambi kokuba izalwe, ngoba baningi abafuna ukudla idlozi futhi nabazali abanamandla okuvikela. Kwezinye izimo, ukuvikela izisulu ezidla izinyoni, izinyoni zingachitha ubusuku ngqo emanzini.
Ukucacisa izitha zalezi zinyoni ezinhle, umuntu ngeke ehluleke ukuqaphela ukuthi umonakalo omkhulu wabantu bazo awubangelwa yizinyoni zasendle nezilwane, kodwa ngumuntu nemisebenzi yakhe. Imigudu ekhonjiwe ibanjwa ngamanani amakhulu ukuze kufakwe ezinye izinyoni ezihlala kwamanye amazwe ezindizeni zezilwane zasekhaya.
Kwezinye izizwe zase-Afrika, lesi sidalwa sithathwa njengophawu lokuchuma nenhlanhla, ngakho-ke ikakhulukazi imindeni ecebile iyakuthola ukusondelana kwabo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kudonswe amabhlogo amaningi, endaweni yawo abantu bazibandakanya kwezolimo. Ama-cranes ayanyamalala ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwendawo yazo yokuhlala yemvelo, ukwephulwa kwezimo ezivumayo zezimpilo zawo.
Ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwezolimo kwamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene ekwelapheni amasimu ezinambuzaneni nakho kunomthelela kulezi zinyoni, ngoba ukudla kwazo kufaka okusanhlamvu okuningi namagundane ahlala eduze kwamasimu.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Photo: Ngabe ubukeka kanjani umqhele onomqhele?
Emvelweni wemvelo, kunabantu abangaphezulu kuka-40,000 abantu abasebenza umqhele, okwanele ukukhiqizwa ngokwemvelo, kepha noma kunjalo, isimo salezi zinhlobo zemikhuhlu sithathwa njengobuthaka futhi sibhalwe ku-Red Book yamanye amazwe. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, usongo olukhulu enanini lezidalwa ezinomqhele ongaziwa ukubanjwa okusebenzayo nokuhweba kwezinyoni.
Ziswele kakhulu eMali nakwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika, lapho kusekhona isiko lokugcina lezi zinyoni ezihlala ekhaya. Ama-zoo amaningi azimele wase-Europe nase-Asia afuna ukuthola isidalwa esihle kakhulu ngomqhele wegolide. Ukuhweba ngemikhuba emihle enomqhele kuye kwaqina emashumini amathathu eminyaka edlule.
Ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwabo ngokungemthetho ngaphandle kwezwekazi, bangaphezu kwengxenye yabantu abafayo. Kunomzabalazo oqhubekayo wokulwa nokubanjwa kwezinyoni okungekho emthethweni, amakhonkolo abo okusatshalaliswa ayakhonjwa, kepha ngenxa yezinga eliphansi lokuphila kwabantu emazweni amaningi ase-Afrika kanye nezindleko eziphakeme zojantshi abaqhele emakethe emnyama, umsebenzi ongekho emthethweni umane ukhula ngamandla. Lezi zidalwa azesabi nhlobo abantu, ngakho-ke kulula kakhulu ukumbamba, okuqinisa isimo kanye nokwehla kancane kancane kwenani labantu baso.
Ukuvikelwa Kwemiqhele Yomqhele
Photo: Crowned Crane from the Red Book
Ukuhlotshwa ngemvelo yezinhlobo zemiqhele kungaphansi kokuvikelwa komhlaba wonke. Yize kunesibalo esikhulu sabantu, kunenkambiso eqinile yokwehla, kanti izinga lokuncipha lihlala likhula njalo.
Kunezindawo ezimbili lapho umsebenzi wenziwa khona ukuze kulondolozwe umqhele wokugcotshwa komqhele ezizukulwaneni ezilandelayo:
- ukucindezelwa kokuhweba okungekho emthethweni ezinyangeni ezihlukile, izinhlawulo ezinzima zalolu hlobo lomsebenzi wobulelesi. Iziphathimandla ezinekhono kuwo wonke amazwe zisebenza ngokubambisana, ngoba kungale ndlela kuphela esingathembela ngayo kumphumela obalulekile,
- ukulondolozwa kwendawo yokuhlala yendawo yemijondolo, okungukuthi, ukubhukuda okunamanzi amnandi, izikhukhula zamanzi ezikhukhula, okuthi eminyakeni edlule kube nokukhishwa, amadolobha akhiwe endaweni yawo, kulinywe izindawo zezolimo.
Uma ushiya umqhele onomqhele wodwa, uvikele emisebenzini eyonakalisayo yabantu, khona-ke uyakwazi ukushesha ukubuyisa inani labantu bawo bese udlulisela isimo sezinhlobo zawo esigabeni salokho okusimeme. Ngeshwa, esimeni sezulu ngenzuzo elula, abantu abacabangi ngekusasa labazukulu babo kanye nabazukulu, okuthi, ngezinga elinjalo lokwehla kwenqubekela phambili yabantu abangama-crane, bakwazi ukubancoma ema-zoo noma ezithombeni ezincwadini zezincwadi zezilwane.
Umqhele Oshisiwe - Lokhu kuyinyoni enhle kakhulu, ibeka kancane futhi inhle kakhulu. Ungabizwa njengenkosi yawo wonke umndeni wama crane. Ukunyakaza kwabo okubushelelezi nemidanso engafani yomshado, engabukwa kuphela endaweni yemvelo, kuyathakazelisa. Ngenxa yokuthi zingaphansi kokuvikelwa kwamazwe omhlaba, kunethemba lokuthi izizukulwane zethu ezikude zizowubona umdanso ongajwayelekile wale makhreyithi.
Indlela Yokuphila Nokuzala
Kuholela ekuhlaleni kokuhlala phansi, kepha kuya ngesizini, iyakwazi ukuzulazula ebangeni layo lemvelo. Ukufuduka kwesizini noma kwansuku zonke kungabonakala kubaluleke kakhulu futhi kufinyelele kumashumi amakhilomitha. Iyasebenza ngesikhathi sasemini. Ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokuzalela, ithela imihlambi, imvamisa inkulu, kodwa, ngenkathi kuqala imvula, izinyoni ziyahlangana futhi zihlukane, zivikele indawo yazo hhayi kuphela kwamanye amakhreyithi, kepha nezinye izinyoni ezinjengamadada namakati.
Isikhathi sokufuya sigcina isikhathi semvula. Ukuthandana kwabantu besilisa phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane kungavezwa ngezindlela eziningi, enye yazo ukwenza umsindo ngokushaya ngamandla nangokukhipha umoya esinqeni somphimbo. Okwamanje, imijikelezo ikhothamisa amakhanda abo phambili, bese, ngokunyakaza okubukhali, iphonse emuva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyoni ziyakwazi ukwenza imisindo yophondo ezinobuntu ezihlukile ngokuhlukile kwezinye izinhlobo zomqhele onama-tracheas amade. Ukuqomisana kungalandelwa imidanso ehambisanayo, efaka ukushaya amakhala, ukudonswa kwamaphiko, ukushaya amaphiko, ukuphonsa izigaxa zotshani noma ukunikina ikhanda.
Indawo yezidleke incane futhi ifinyelela kumahektare ayi-10- 40, nokho, ivikelwe ngokucophelela ekuhlaselweni kwezinye izinyoni. Kwakhiwa isidleke esiyindilinga kusuka edgege noma obunye utshani obuseduze namanzi noma phakathi kwawo phakathi kwezimila eziminyene. Insikazi ibeka ama-2-5 (ngokwesilinganiso ama-2,5) amaqanda aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma apinki ngaphandle kwamabala. Isikhathi sokufakwa sigcina izinsuku ezingama-28-31. Bobabili abazali babamba iqhaza ekufukameni, yize isikhathi esiningi sowesifazane sichitha esidlekeni.
Amachwane aminyene ambozwe nge-fluff futhi ayakwazi ukuphuma esidlekeni ngosuku, yize ebuyela lapho kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-2-3. Kungekudala umndeni uthuthela ezindaweni ezinotshani eziphakeme lapho zidlela khona izinambuzane noma amathiphu wokudubula. Ama-tickouts abe ephikweni ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-60-100.
Esikhathini esomile, imifula ihamba phezulu futhi ngokuvamile itholakala eduze nemihlambi yezilwane ezinkulu, lapho kunenqwaba yezilwane eziphazamisekile ezingenakunyakaziswa. Ngonyaka ongathandeki, lo mbhangqwana ungahlala ephaketheni.
Izinsongo
Usongo olukhulu kubantu balezinhlobo lubizwa ngokuthi ukubanjwa nokuhweba kwalezi zinyoni. Kwamanye amazwe aseNtshonalanga Afrika, njengeMali, kunesiko lokugcina lezi zinyoni ekhaya. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni engama-30 eyedlule, ukuhwebelana kwamazwe omhlaba kuloluhlobo kukhule kakhulu, okuthinte inani lezinyoni zonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi kwezici ezibhubhisayo kubizwa njengokuncipha kwendawo yamamabhu ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu.
Ukuzala futhi isikhathi sokuphila semikhuba
Ama-cranes afudukayo, abuyela ezindaweni lapho enzela khona izidleke zesikhathi esizayo, enze umdanso okhethekile, ohambisana nokuhlabelela kwezinyoni. Lezi zidalwa ezinomusa zihamba nge-gait prancing, zishaye amaphiko azo kanye nokugoba.
Imidanso enjalo ngobusuku benkathi yokuzalela ihlaba umxhwele kangangokuba yamukelwa ngumuntu. Isibonelo, eJapan naseKareya kwakukhona umdanso okhethekile wehlelo, abadlali bawo ababulingisa ukuhamba kwezinyoni ezinjalo.
Emakhreyini, kuyisiko ukulonda ukwethembeka kumlingani kuze kube sekufeni kwakhe, futhi ngenxa yalokho ngazimbili zalezi zidalwa ezinamaphiko azihlukani ngaphandle kwesizathu esihle. Abamele izinhlobo zezinto ezifudukayo bavame ukukhetha abalingani babo ngisho nasezindaweni zobusika.
Ama-cranes ahleliwe ahlala ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esihle, njengomthetho, azalaniswa esikhathini esimanzi, ngoba akukho ukushoda kokudla ngalesi sikhathi, okubalulekile ekuzalweni nasekukhuliseni amaphuphu.
Ama-cranes afihla izidleke zawo ezinkulu (zinobubanzi obungafika kumamitha amaningana) otshanini obukhulu obukhula emakhoneni acashile osebeni lwamachibi noma ezigungwini. Ukuze uzakhe, zisebenzisa amathuluzi okwakha izinto ezilula zokwakha, izinti, ukwenza ngcono - utshani obomile.
Imvamisa, i-clutch yezinhlobo eziningi iqukethe amaqanda amabili, kwezinye izinhlobo kuphela kuze kube ezinhlanu. Amaqanda atholakala ngemibala ehlukahlukene. Zingaba, ngokwesibonelo, zimhlophe noma ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kepha imvamisa ebusweni beqanda bumbozwa ngamabala eminyaka.
Ukubamba kuthatha isikhathi esingangenyanga, bese ama-cranes adonsa phansi. Kepha lezi zimpaphe zimbozwe izimpaphe zangempela ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva. Isizukulwane esincane sikhula ngokushesha. Kepha abamele ukufinyelela ebuntwaneni babo kungakapheli iminyaka emine kamuva (kumaStranes waseSiberia kungakapheli iminyaka eyisithupha kamuva).
Umqhele esizweni esinemibala sinezimpilo ezithandekayo. Iminyaka yezinyoni ezinjalo ezimweni zemvelo ilinganiselwa eminyakeni engama-20 noma ngaphezulu, kanti izidalwa ezinamaphiko ezifanayo ezigcinwe ekudingisweni, kwezinye izikhathi, ziphila iminyaka eyi-80.
I-Ara parrot
Igama lesi Latin: | IGruidae |
Umbuso: | Izilwane |
Uhlobo: | Chordate |
Ibanga: | Izinyoni |
Isigcawu: | Njenge-crane |
Umndeni: | Umqhele |
Ubulili: | Ama-Bustards |
Ukuphakama: | 90-180 cm |
Ubude bephiko: | 75-115 cm |
I-Wingspan | 150-230 cm |
Isisindo: | 2-8 kg |
Isimo Sabantu Abasebenza eCrown
Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, lolu hlobo lwama-cranes lunesimo sezinhlobo ezisengozini. Ukusongelwa kwabahlali abanomqhele onomqhele ikakhulukazi kuhlobene nokubanjwa nokuhweba kwalezi zinyoni. Emazweni amaningi asentshonalanga yezwekazi lase-Afrika, anjengeMali, kunenkambiso yokugcina amakhreyithi agcotshwe ekhaya.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngokumpunga iminyaka engamashumi amathathu, ukuhwebelana kwamazwe omhlaba emiqheleni egcwele umqhele kuye kwaqina kakhulu, okwakungaze kuthinte inani eliphelele lalezi zinyoni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isici esonakalisayo ukuncishiswa kwamaxhaphozi, ahambisana nomsebenzi wezomnotho wabantu.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
Kubukeka kanjani
ICrane isizothatha uhambo
Ama-cranes amahle, izinyoni ezinhle. Bahlukaniswa ngemilenze emide emincane, intamo ephakeme egobile, nekhanda elincane nomlomo obukhali obude. Isidumbu sitholakala ngokulingene emhlabathini. Umsila uvame ukude, ube namabala abanzi. Izindawo ezizungeze amehlo azinalutho. Izimpiko zo crane zibanzi, zinde, zimfushane ekugcineni.
UCrane washaya amaphiko akhe
Ku-plumage yezinyoni kunemibala emnyama namhlophe. Kwezinye izinhlobo, zihlanganiswa ngamathoni ansundu, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ophuzi. Ekhanda kuvame ukuba namamaki aphuzi nabomvu.
Imikhondo emibili yokuhamba
Lawo makhreyithi adla izilwane zasemanzini anezinzwane ezibanzi, futhi uqhwaku lwazo nentamo zinde kunezinyoni ezihlala esitebhisini futhi zidla umdlalo wezwe. Ikhanda lezinye izinhlobo zemiqhele (i-crane enomqhele kanye nomqhele osempumalanga) ihlotshiswe ngombala wokunamathela izimpaphe ezingcolile zegolide.
Owesifazane nowesilisa: ukufana nokuhluka
Isikebhe sowesifazane nowesilisa
I-dimorphism yezocansi kuma-cranes ivezwa buthaka. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kobulili ubonwa ngosayizi bekhreyithi. Ikholaji yowesifazane ihlala incane kunowesilisa. Umzimba wakhe awukho mnene kangako, futhi uqhwaku lube mfushane kakhulu. Izidladla zabesilisa zinde futhi zinamandla ngokwengeziwe, intamo ikhulu.
Habitat
Photo of crane eduzane nedamu
Ama-cranes ahlala ezindaweni ezivulekile eduze nezidumbu zamanzi amasha. Ukuze izidleke zikhethwe, kukhethwa izimfunda nezikhukhula zezikhukhula. Indawo yokuhlala kwemigwaqo yase-Australia ngamachibi kasawoti. I-Belladonna kanye nezinyoni ezinomqhele zihlala emaqeleni. Umuthi omnyama uhlala eduze kwamaxhaphozi ama-taiga futhi uhlala ezindaweni ezinezimila ezinamahlahla aminyene. Imikhumbi eminingi ihlala eduze komuntu, ihlale eduze kwamasimu atshaliwe.
Inyoni efudukayo noma cha
Indiza ye-Crane
Izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye kweziyishumi nanhlanu zojantshi - izinyoni ezifudukayo. Ekwindla, ikakhulukazi maphakathi no-Septhemba, izinyoni ziya emhlambini ziyandiza ziye ebusika ezindaweni eziseningizimu. Ama-Cranes nesting engxenyeni yaseYurophu ebusika baseRussia eningizimu yeYurophu (Spain) kanye nasenyakatho ne-Afrika (Algeria, Morocco). Izinyoni ezihlala ngasentshonalanga yeSiberia ebusika eNdiya. Imikhumbi yaseMpumalanga ifuduka phakathi nenkathi ebandayo iye eningizimu yeChina. Imindeni yezinyoni zaseMpumalanga Ekude indiza iya eSoutheast Asia.
Izithombe zemiqhele esibhakabhakeni
Izinhlobo eziyisithupha kweziyishumi nanhlanu zihlala phansi. Amanye ama-cranes enza ukufuduka kwesizini ngaphakathi kobubanzi bawo. Ngokuya ngesimo sezulu, izinyoni zithutha nsuku zonke noma ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka. Ngenkathi yemvula, imifantu ihamba amakhilomitha angama-500-600 iye lapho kungekho khona imvula, bese ibuyela ezindaweni ezinamadleke.
Ukudla k Crane
ICrane ihamba insimu
Ama-cranes ayizinyoni ezinhle kakhulu. Ukudla kwabo kufaka phakathi amahlumela, nezilimo eziyizigaxa, imbewu yezitshalo. Umuthi okhethekile wezinyoni izimpande zezitshalo. Imikhuhlane yezinambuzane, izidalwa eziphilayo zasemanzini, izibankwa, ubuhlalu, izimbaza kanye nama-crustaceans kuyadla.
I-Crane Voice
UCrane ubhukuda echibini
Imisindo eyenziwe ngumbethe ifana nokububula komsuka wentaba noma umsindo wensimbi yomculo. Ngezikhathi ezahlukile zonyaka, izinyoni zimemeza kakhulu zithi "Kur-ly - Kur-ly." AmaCranes ahlala njalo ecula i-duet - inyoni eyodwa iqala ukuhlabelela ngo-“hens” wesilabhasi, bese eyesibili ithatha “ly”. Lapho izinyoni zicula nge-tandem, kutholakala ingoma eqhubekayo, lapho igama elithi "kurly" lizwakala kahle khona. Uma inyoni ivota yodwa, kusho ukuthi yenza kuphela umsindo “wezinkukhu”.
Ngenkathi yokuzalela, izinsikazi nabesilisa bacula izingoma ezi-melodic ezihlangene ngokuhlanganiswa kwamagama athi "skoko-kosko-skosko-koko". Ingoma iculwa ngokuphuma kwelanga futhi yehlise umoya ngokusondela kobusuku.
I-Nest
Amaqanda omqhele esidlekeni
Womabili la maqabane abandakanyeka ekwakheni isidleke. I-Nesting ihlelwe emhlabathini, ezinhlwini zezitshalo. Isidleke senziwa ngamagatsha awomile awomile kanye namahlumela, awaxhumanisa namahlamvu otshani. Indlu eqediwe isitsha esibanzi esingajulile. Izinyoni zihlala esidlekeni esisodwa iminyaka eminingana. Njalo ngonyaka ngemuva kobusika, izinyoni zilungisa indawo yokuhlala futhi ziphinde zakhiwe kabusha kuyo.
Amachwane omqhele
Inkukhu yomqhele isanda kuqandusela iqanda
Ku-clutch, amaqanda amabili. Ezinye izinhlobo zinamaqanda ama-4-5. Ama-cranes ahlala enyakatho anama-egghells aphuzi angcolile. Izinyoni zaseningizimu zithwala amaqanda amhlophe futhi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Emaqanda azo zonke izinhlobo zojantshi, indawo emnyama enombala onsundu iba khona njalo.
Izithombe zekhukhu le-crane ezandleni zomuntu
Inzalo ihlaselwa ngabazali bobabili. Isikhathi sokufakwa sigcina izinsuku ezingama-28-31. Imikhaza ivele isivele isivele, lapho izinsuku ezingama-28 sezingumthamo. Umbala we-feather wezilwane ezincane ubomvu, kuphela ngeminyaka emibili yokuphila umbala usufana ncamashi nokhokho abadala. Abancane babona kahle, bayasebenza impela futhi bathatha izinyathelo zokuqala ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-7-10. Imvelo ihlelwe kahle kangangokuba amakhreyithi aqhekekile ngokushesha aba izimbangi. Inkukhu enamandla futhi evuthiwe izama ukukhipha umfowabo noma udadewabo esidlekeni noma ayibulale. Kumaviki amabili, imvelo yokuncintisana inyamalala.
Umama namachwane
Izinyoni ezindala zondla imifula izinyanga ezintathu. Ngezinsuku ezingama-30 zokuphila, amaphuphu angena ephikweni. Umzali osemusha ushiya isidleke somzali eneminyaka eyi-2-2,5 izinyanga.
Umndeni we-crane ufaka i-genera ezine nezinhlobo eziyi-15. Abanye ososayensi bafaka emndenini we-crane namanje ama-crherled ama-crows kanye namaxilongo. Kodwa-ke, ngokwezigaba zamazwe omhlaba, lezi zinhlobo zingeminye imindeni.
I-crane ejwayelekile (i-Grus rubicunda)
Izikebhe zase-Australia zihambahamba eduze kwamanzi
Ukubukeka: ukuphakama komuntu wesilisa okhulile kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5-1.8. Ama-cranes ase-Australia anemilenze emide e-brown-brown, umlomo omude omncane onombala oluhlaza grey. Ubuningi bomzimba bumpunga, bunwebekile ngamaphiko. Esihlakaleni sentamo kukhona umucu obomvu, umnyama obomvu, amehlo ansundu. Ukuhanjiswa: umqhele wase-Australia uhlala empumalanga ye-hemisphere eningizimu yeikhweyitha - e-Australia, e-Indonesia, eNew Guinea.
Izici: Imikhondo yalolu hlobo ithanda ukudla nezilimo eziyizigaxa zezitshalo ezitshaliwe.
I-Japanese crane (i-Grus japonensis)
Ukudansa ama-Cranes
Ukubukeka: Ama-cranes aseJapan anesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-9, ukukhula - aze afike kumasentimitha ayi-130. Umbala wojantshi baseJapan umnyama nomhlophe. Umzimba umhlophe ngokuphelele, umsila kanye ngaphambili kwentamo kumnyama. Kukhona ibala elibomvu emuva kwekhanda. Imilenze namehlo amnyama grey; umlomo wakhe uluhlaza onsundu.
Ukusatshalaliswa: Imijikelezo yaseJapan ingeyeqembu lezinyoni ezifudukayo. I-Nest ezindaweni ezinamanzi eMpumalanga Asia (iMpumalanga Ekude naseJapan). Ubusika eChina, Korea.
Isikhathi sokumatanisa kojantshi baseJapan
Izici: I-crane yaseJapan - inhlobo eyivelakancane ebhalwe kwi-Red Book. Amanye amagama: Ussuri crane noma cranc Manchurian.
I-Indian crane (i-Grus antigone)
Ama-Crane amabili
Ukubukeka: ukuphakama kwemikhumbi yamaNdiya kufinyelela amasentimitha angama-180, nesisindo somzimba samakhilogremu ayi-7-12. Ubuningi bezinyoni zaseNdiya ezinempunga. Intamo iluhlaza grey, kukhona amabala aphuzi emaphikweni, umsila ubhemile. Ingxenye engenhla yentamo, i-nape nezinhlangothi zekhanda zibomvu, umqhele ungwevu ompunga, uqhwaku limpunga, imilenze ipinki.
Ukuhanjiswa: Imikhumbi ebukeka njengeNdiya ihlala eNyakatho India, ENingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Inani elincane lihlala enyakatho ye-Australia.
I-Indian crane ifuna ukudla
Izici: hlukanisa ama-subspecies amathathu wezinyoni zamaNdiya nge-morphology ehlukile
- a.i-antigone - ebonakala ngokuba khona kwekhola yezimpaphe ezimhlophe entanyeni nezimpaphe ezimhlophe zindiza.
- a. Sharpii - iplamu lezinyoni nsundu.
- a. gilli is a subspecies Australia.
Ukubhaliswa okungekho emthethweni: G. a. I-luzonica iyi-subspecies yasePhilippines.
I-Whooping Crane (I-Grus americana)
Isikhohlakali sendoda nowesifazane
Ukubukeka: izinyoni eziyimitha eyodwa nesigamu zipendwe mhlophe. Imilenze iluhlaza grey. Ubuso nomqhele obomvu-mnyama, uqhwaku olude olukhombe ngombala ompunga omnyama.
Ukusabalalisa: Izinhlobo lezi zihlala eNyakatho Melika. Iphila impilo yokuhlala. Kuhlala izimvula ezivulekile nezimila eziningi.
Ukuqothuka Kwenziwe Inhlanzi
Izici: Izinhlobo ezingasoze zahlangana zikakhokho, ezifakwe ku-Red Book. Isakhamuzi sihlala ezindaweni ezivikelwe eMelika.
I-Crowned Crane (Bugeranus carunculatus)
Isithombe se-Earring Crane
Ukubukeka: imijikelezo enezintambo inokubukeka okungafani nenye - ngaphansi komlomo kukhona izimbali ezimbili ezinde ezinemibala ebomvu ngombala obomvu - “amacici”. Izimpaphe emsileni, ngaphansi nangaphansi emuva zimnyama, umzimba ongaphezulu umhlophe ngemivimbo emnyama. Imilenze impunga, amehlo abomvu.
Ukusatshalaliswa: ukubukeka kokuhlala phansi. Ihlala eNtshonalanga naseNingizimu Afrika.
Izici: okuwukuphela kwezinhlobo eziyisithupha zojantshi base-Afrika, okuncike kakhulu ebukhoneni bendawo enam marshy.
I-Grey Crane (I-Grus grus, noma i-Grus communis)
Grey crane endizeni
Ukubukeka: umzimba upendiwe grey, kumsila we-fluffy kunezithunzi ezinsundu nezimnyama. Ingaphambili lentamo limnyama grey. Kukhona ibala elibomvu emuva kwekhanda. Amehlo abomvu. "Amapaneli" - imilenze engenhla enezinwele - grey ukukhanya. Imilenze imnyama futhi uqhwaku lukhanya. Indawo yempunga yabesifazane ipendiwe ngombala onsomi onsomi.
Ukuhanjiswa: umqhele ompunga uhlala e-Eurasia, ubusika eningizimu nezwekazi, eNyakatho ye-Afrika, eNdiya naseSaudi Arabia.
Ubusika bokuqala kanye ne-grey crane
Izici: Enye yezinhlobo zemvelo ezivamile, kepha-ke, inani lezinyoni ezimpunga liyancipha ngokungenakuphikiswa. Isizathu salokhu wukwehla kwezindawo ezilungele izidleke, ukomiswa kwemifula kanye nokubhukuda.
I-Siberian Crane noma i-White Crane (i-Grus leucogeranus)
Ama-Cranes amabili aseSiberia eMeadow
Ukubukeka: inyoni yobukhulu obuphakathi (ukuphakama kufika kumasentimitha ayi-140, isisindo - ama-5-8 kg), onomzimba omncane, imilenze emifushane nentamo emfushane. I-plumage yomzimba imhlophe, ubuso bubomvu, imilenze iphuzi, uqhwaku lubomvu obumnyama.
Ukusatshalaliswa: Imigwaqo emhlophe ihlala engxenyeni esenyakatho yeRussia. Ama-cranes asongelwa ngokuqothulwa futhi abhalwe ku-Red Red International.
Sterkh endaweni yokubhukuda
Izici: Imigwaqo yaseSiberia inobuqhwaga obungandile - amazinyo amaningi abekwe eceleni kwangaphakathi, lapho inyoni ikwazi ukubamba izinhlanzi ezishelelayo futhi idwengule izimpande ezingaphansi komhlaba.
I-Daurian Crane (I-Grus vipio)
Izithombe ze-Daurian Crane
Ukubukeka: Isiqu, umsila kanye ngaphambili kwentamo kudwetshwe ngwempunga emnyama. Ngemuva kwentamo nekhanda kumhlophe. Eduze kwamehlo kuvulwe iziqhekeza ezibomvu. Imilenze ipinki, uqhwaku luhlaza okotshani.
Ukuhanjiswa: Imigwaqo yaseDaurian ihlala eMongolia, China, South Korea.
Izici: Izinhlobo ezinqabile, inani liyizinyoni ezingama-4900-5300.
ISandhill Crane (IGrus canadensis)
Imisele yaseCanada phakathi kotshani obude
Ukubukeka: imijikelezo yaseCanada inomzimba omise umgqomo nemilenze emide emincane, intamo ifushane. Uqhwaku lubanzi ngobude obuphakathi. Umbala womzimba onsundu. Intamo iluhlaza grey, imilenze imnyama. Izindawo ezizungeze amehlo zibomvu mnyama. Isisindo esinyoni senyoni singamakhilogremu amane, ukuphakama - amasentimitha ayi-120.
Ukusatshalaliswa: Ama-cranes eqembu laseCanada ahlala enyakatho Melika naseChukotka.
Izici: Uhlobo oluningi kakhulu lokwenza amakhreyithi. Isibalo sezimbali zezinyoni siyizinyoni eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-650.
I-Crane-neched Crane (i-Grus nigricollis)
Isikhuni esinezimpiko ezimnyama sishaye amaphiko aso
Ukubukeka: izinyoni ezinomzimba omude, oqonde ngokuqondile nendawo enentambo egobile. Umzimba upendiwe grey, inhloko ngentamo nomsila omuhle kakhulu umnyama. Ngaphezulu kwamehlo kukhona amabala maroon. Imilenze namehlo amnyama.
Ukuhanjiswa: izinyoni zihlala eTibet, China naseNdiya. Phila impilo yokuhlala phansi. Akuvamile ukutholakala kuma-Alps.
Izithombe zojantshi omnyama omiswe ekuqaleni kobusika
Izici: Imijikelezo emincane emnyama ayesabi abantu, ngakho-ke imvamisa ihlala eduze kwezindlu zabantu.
I-Demoiselle Crane, i-Demoiselle noma i-Crane Encane (i-Anthropoides virgo)
Photo belladonna eduze
Ukubukeka: ilungu elincane kunazo zonke lomndeni we-crane. Isisindo sale nyoni asidluli amakhilogremu amathathu, futhi ukuphakama komqhele kungamasentimitha angama-85-90. I-plumage yomzimba iyabhema. Izimpaphe ngaphansi komsila, entanyeni nasekhanda zimnyama. Esifubeni kukhona isixhaxha sezimpaphe ezinde ezimnyama.
Ukusatshalaliswa: kunabantu abayisithupha bezinyoni abahlala emazweni angama-47 omhlaba. Inani elikhulu kunawo wonke ama-cranes amancane abonwa eRussia, e-Asia Ephakathi nase-Afrika. Amabili amabhangqa esidleke se-belladonna eTurkey.
I-Belladonna echibini
Izici: umqhele omncane, ngokungafani namalungu omndeni wakubo, uncamela ukuhlala emathafeni avulekile anotshani obukhulu.
I-Crane of Paradise, i-Demoiselle noma iStanley Crane (Anthropoides Paradiseus)
I-crane of Paradise izifunela ukudla
Ukubukeka: inyoni emide ebiza amamitha angama-2-2,5. Unekhanda elikhulu, umlomo omfishane omfishane, umzimba ophakeme nomsila omude wokugunda. Umbala we-Plumage - onke ama-grey grey.
Ukusatshalaliswa: umqhele wasepharadesi ohlala ezifundeni eziseningizimu ye-Afrika, ikakhulukazi ama-99% wezinyoni ahlala eNingizimu Afrika, izidleke zabantu abancane eNamibia.
I-Crane of Paradise Ensimini Engapheli
Izici: Ubusika be-belladonna base-Afrika ezintabeni. Ehlobo, izidleke epulazini.
I-Eastern Crowned Crane (i-Balearica regorum)
ICrown Crowned Crane Endizeni
Ukubukeka: izinyoni ezikhuphuka ngamasentimitha angama-120 ukuphakama, isisindo somzimba - ama-3-4 kilos. I-plumage yangemuva nesisu iyimpunga-eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngentamo ekhanyayo. Iziphetho zamaphiko zimhlophe. Izimpaphe ezingensundu nokubomvu zikhula emsileni. Umqhele we-orange utholakala ngemuva kwekhanda. Imilenze emide ingwevu, umlomo omfishanyana omfishane omnyama.
Ukusatshalaliswa: umqhele osempumalanga onomqhele uhlala ikakhulukazi empumalanga ye-Afrika. Ukubukeka kwesedentary.
I-Pair of Crowned Cranes
Izici: imijikelezo eminingi ihola indlela yokuphila yama-nomadic. Izinyoni zenza ukufuduka kwesizini kuphela endaweni yazo yokuhlala, zindiza eduze nemizimba yamanzi ngesikhathi sesomiso.
I-Black Crane (Grusmonacha)
Umuthi omnyama uphuza amanzi echibini
Ukubukeka: ukuphakama kwezinyoni okuphakathi kwemitha 1, isisindo somzimba - amakhilogremu 2.8-3,5. Umzimba umnyama, intamo nekhanda kumhlophe. Ebunzini kumnyama; umlomo omude, awugqinsi onsundu. Imilenze impunga.
Ukuhanjiswa: inani elincane labantu abansundu (emhlabeni kukhona izinyoni eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-9.5) izidleke ikakhulukazi eRussia. Amaqembu amancane atholakala eChina naseNingizimu Korea.
Photo of crane emnyama kubhukudi
Izici: lezi zinyoni zihola indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo, isidleke ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezikude zama-sphagnum bogs aphezulu we-taiga. Isidleke sombala omnyama saqala ukutholwa ngo-1974. Izinhlobo ezingandile, ezibhalwe ku-Red Book.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngojantshi
Izithombe z crane emnyama eduze
- I-crane ingenye yezinyoni ezindala emhlabeni. Ngokusho kwabavubukuli, lezi zinyoni zineminyaka engaba yizigidi ezingama-60.
- EChina nase-Afrika, i-crane iyinyoni yesizwe.
- Empumalanga, ama-cranes ahlonishwa njengophawu lokuphila isikhathi eside, inhlala-kahle yomshado, ukuthembeka nothando.
- I-crane inyoni ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni engandiza.
- Izwe lasemakhosikazini yiNyakatho Melika.
- Futhi eRussia, i-crane iwuphawu lokuthembeka komshado.
- Izitha eziyinhloko zemvelo yomqhele yizimpisi, izimpungushe, ama-raccoon, amabhere, izinkozi zegolide.
- Ngo-1973, izinhlangano zezenhlalakahle yezilwane zaseMelika zasungula isikhwama sokuvikela izikelesi zomhlaba jikelele.