I ikhombe-lukhuni Otter (ikhombe-lukhuni Otter - Lutra maculicollis) lethiwa sibonga izindawo ehlukile noma streaks esisogwini entanyeni nasesifubeni engenhla. A Spotted-lukhuni Otter izimpilo e-Afrika eseningizimu degrees 10 enyakatho nenkabazwe, lapho ingxenye enkulu senhlobo itholakala engxenyeni ye-Afrika. ENtshonalanga Afrika, kanye naseningizimu mpumalanga, empumalanga nasempumalanga, lezi zilwane azinjalo. Sitholakala Angola, Benin, enyakatho-ntshonalanga Botswana, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, eTopiya, Gabon, Kenya, eMalawi, eMozambique, Namibia, eRwanda, eTanzania, e-Uganda, Zaire, entshonalanga yeZambia, Burundi, South Africa neSwaziland. Ukuba khona kungenzeka eGhana, e-Ivory Coast, eLesotho, eLiberia, eTogo naseSierra Leone.

A Otter nezimanakanaka itholakala emachibini Victoria Tanganyika, kanye namaxhaphozi elise eningizimu yeSahara ehlane. Spotted Otter luhlala eduze unomphela noma liyafa imithombo yamanzi ngesikhathi sesomiso. Ukhetha amanzi azolile nasogwini olunamadwala, olutholakala emachibini, ezixhaphozini, emifuleni, nasezigodini zezintaba ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu. Akukona ufake emifuleni nge amachibi eqinile amanje nawesikhathi engajulile nge angajulile.

Umzimba mncane futhi mncane, ijazi kuyinto bushelelezi futhi shiny. Izinwele zomzimba zikhulu futhi zigqamile. Izinwele zawo zangaphandle yizingubo 13-16 mm ubude, futhi undercoat yabo 7 mm. Ngemuva kuyinto brown tan noma ushokoledi. Wonke umzimba umbozwe izinwele kusuka obomvu ngokubomvu kuya koshokolethi onsundu. Ezinye izilwane zihlale zinokudla namabala amhlophe esifundeni inguinal. Umbala sejazi kuyinto ziyahlukahluka kakhulu phakathi kwabantu, ngokuvamile ngisho albino noma ama-albino ngokwengxenye sebetholiwe.

Umsila mude, uphokophela ngasekupheleni. Ngezidladla babe ulwelwesi kahle isakhula, iminwe behlome ngemibese abukhali, eqinile 10 mm izimpiko, okuyinto ukudlala indima ebalulekile lokudoba. I izimpiko phezu imilenze indluzelekazi kukhona esimfushane.

Ikhanda likhulu futhi libanzi, liphetha ngesigaxa esikhulu. Umcamelo acinene sinqunu, isesimweni ufana trapezoid nge diving encane ezinhlangothini: emakhaleni zitholakala khona. I kwesilevu ne lip engenhla asemhlophe. Izindlebe zimfishane futhi ziyindilinga. Lonke ifomu Sakhiwo sangaphandle le Otter khombisa nezimo kakhulu kwezinhlobo ukuba izindawo yasemanzini.

Isilinganiso obuphelele umzimba 575 mm, umsila - kusuka 330 kuya 445 mm ubude. Ama-otter angabesilisa anesisindo esingama-4 - 5 kg (ekuthunjweni - aze afike ku-9 kg), izinsikazi zilingana ne-3.5 - 4 kg, kanti izinsikazi zincane kakhulu, zilula futhi azinamathambo amancane kunabesilisa. Ubude Ugebhezi abesilisa kusukela eNingizimu Afrika kwaba 107,1 mm (105-108.5), nabesifazane - 95,9 mm (94.2-97.5). Zamazinyo ifomula - i 3/3, c 1/1, p 4/3, m 1/2, namazinyo 36 isiyonke. Umthamo we-cranial we-9 otters afinyelela kuma-49 ml, kanye ne-encephalization coeffnty (isilinganiso somthamo wobuchopho isisindo somzimba) ngu-1.28.

Lezilamabala-lukhuni Otter imikhondo indlela yokuphila wodwa kanjani, ngaphandle ngesikhathi lapho kuvela khona insikazi amawundlu. kuhlukanise amaqembu imindeni okunjalo, ababebalelwa kufika ku 3-4 abantu, kungabonwa kuphela ngesikhathi ekhula inzalo.

Abesilisa banendawo enkulu yokuhlala ekhaya lapho abantu besifazane abangaphezu koyedwa bengahlala khona. Ngamunye uthola Otter insimu kuze kufinyelele 3.5 km ugu. Abanaso kakhulu ukuvikela insimu yabo, bavumele abanye imithini yokuzingela ngaphakathi ke, ikakhulukazi uma kukhona inhlanzi ngokwanele noma nezinye izilwane lapha.

Ubuntu nobuntu bama-otter kubukeka kuncike endaweni abahlala kuyo. Ngakho, ngo-emachibini amakhulu ase-Afrika, amaqembu social imithini zingase zimiswe ehlanganisa abantu 5 kuya ku-20 abahlala ndawonye ensimini eyodwa.

I imithini basekelane wokumemeza ahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, i-meow hoarse isebenza ukugcina ukuxhumana, kanye nokukhonkotha okuncane, okuxhaswa yimisindo yokukhala, kusebenza njengesixwayiso ngengozi. Le misindo esachazwa besifazane bachazwa, okuyinto azifane uchungechunge inyoni "metal" Tweets ukuthi isebenzisa ku Oxhumene naye intsha.

Zizalela we Otter nezimanakanaka-lukhuni zonyaka futhi libhalwe yenkathi ephakathi September no-December, ukuzalwa mass izingane senzeka ngo-September. Amalayini eSouth Africa otter avame ukutholakala ogwini lomfula (40%) kanye namadamu aseduze (45%); emabhumeni angatholakala kuphela ngamathuba (3%), nasemachibini (2%).

Ngemuva kwezinsuku 60-65 yokukhulelwa, insikazi sizala amawundlu amabili noma amathathu (insikazi has 2 kuphela namabhuzu izingono besisu), embozwe uboya olubucayi. Puppies uqale ukubhukuda amaviki angu-8 ubudala, bese beyeka ukudla ubisi lwebele eneminyaka engu-amasonto 12 kuya 16.

Ama-otter asemancane adlala kakhulu. Ngakho kwakunabantu abangu-kokuma lapho imithini waphonsa into abanye emanzini bese wagxuma ngemva emanzini, uzama ukubamba ke ngaphambi kokuba afinyelele phansi. Lokhu babekholelwa ukubasiza amakhono master ukuzingela kusukela esemncane.

Owesifazane unakekela amazinyane akhe, awondle nonogada isikhathi esingangonyaka, kanti wona ahlala nonina. Khona-ke izilwane ezisencane axazulule phila ukuphila ezimele. Ukuthomba kwenzeka eneminyaka emibili. Njengoba abesilisa babe endaweni enkulu lapho abesifazane eziningana siphile, iduna ongabamba iqhaza ekukhuliseni izingane.

I-Spotot otter ingasebenza nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku, kokubili ubusuku nobusuku. Isikhathi umsebenzi kakhulu Otter kuyinto amahora 2-3 ngaphambi kwelanga noma ngemva kokuphuma kwelanga, lapho ukuzingela, nakuba zingadla nganoma isiphi isikhathi sosuku. I Otter uyalala avame kwimbobo yayo, lapho Spotted-lukhuni Otter lihlela eduze ngokushesha yamanzi umhosha nezinye voids e lomfula, noma ematsheni aqhekekile.

Ungomunye wababhukudi abanamakhono kakhulu kuzo zonke i-otter zamanzi ahlanzekile. Lezilamabala entanyeni imithini ziyizilwane ezithanda ukudlala futhi bachithe isikhathi esiningi ukudlala kanye nabanye imithini, kodwa ungakwazi ukudlala wedwa. I Otter ingenye izinhlobo ezimbalwa ukuthi play ngenjabulo futhi udlale eziningi ngisho umuntu omdala.

Nomaphi lapho zihlala khona, ama-otter akhetha amanzi angajulile kunamanzi ajulile, ngoba ubuningi bezinyamazane zawo eziyinhloko, ama-cichlids amancane, ahlotshaniswa namanzi angajulile. Ngokuvamile, cishe bonke abadobi Kwenziwa ubhekisise 10 m ukusuka ogwini, ne impumelelo enkulu ngaphakathi 2 m Ngezinye izikhathi imithini uqhubeke ukudoba ngisho nangemva agcwele:. Bamane adlale ngalo. izinselo zazo abukhali kukhona esisemqoka yokubamba izinhlanzi ukuthi adle kusukela umsila, ngezinye izikhathi ekubunjweni amakhanda. Zikujabulela nokudla imifantu namaxoxo, kepha ngokungafani ne-bezkotny otter, izinhlanzi zakha iningi lokudla kwazo.

Ukuqaphelwa wabonisa ukuthi Otter ngokuvamile ongumdobi imizuzu 10-20, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kuze ku-3 amahora. Phakathi nemizuzu engu-468 ukudoba (e ozithola eziningana), izinhlanzi kanye imithini wenza 412 iqopha kwezinyoni ezidla inyama, ikakhulukazi inhlanzi encane, ezingafinyelela 1 bamba ezidla inyama imizuzu 1.1. Inani eliyisilinganiso lokudotshwa kwezinhlanzi ngakunye kwakungu-2.0 (ukusuka ku-1 kuye ku-11). Uma inhlanzi ngayinye wabanjwa ukala isilinganiso sama-5.7 g ke Otter ngamunye kumelwe ukudoba nsuku zonke imizuzu engu-97 ukuzingela (Isikhathi esimaphakathi) mayelana 500 g izinhlanzi.

Ukudla kwabo kusiqinisa izinhlanzi (Barbus, Clarias, Haplochromis, Micropterus salmoides, Salmo trutta, futhi tilapia eyayitholakala), ezingenamgogodla futhi ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo: amasele (ikakhulukazi Xenopus laevis futhi Rana), izinkalankala (Potomonautes), ama-mollusk izinambuzane zasemanzini izibungu - zabo ukwakheka kuya ngesizini.

Ngokuthi iLake Victoria (Tanzania), 61% impango kwaba Haplochromis, 46% tilapia eyayitholakala, 14% eyikati ezimthende (Bagrus noma Clarias), futhi 1% izinkalankala (Potamon niloticusв). On Muhazi Lake, eRwanda, analysis umsoco wabonisa ukuthi ukwakheka izinhlanzi up 80%, izinambuzane 10%, ama-mollusk 3% no-2% izinyoni namaxoxo. ENingizimu Afrika, ukudla okwenziwe ngama-otter kwakuyizinhlanzi (47%) kuphela, izinkizi zibalwa ngama-38% namaxoxo - 8%.

I Otter akuvamile uya kude amanzi, kumhlaba kubukeka engeyinhle kakhulu, ngaphezu, lapha ke uhlushwa okweqile. Ngakho-ke, uyahamba amanzi kuphela ukuba ngilulame yokuthamela ilanga kancane noma ukuhlanza noboya wakhe elingenamikhono emadwaleni aseduze.

Uboya obukhulu be-otter bugcina imizimba yabo ifudumele futhi yomile emanzini, sibonga ukugcinwa kwenqwaba yamabhamuza omoya oboyeni babo, ngenxa yalokhu isikhumba sabo asize simanzi.

Ubude bempilo nemvelo, ngokusobala, sifinyelela eminyakeni 8, ekuthunjweni baphila ngokuvumelana iminyaka engu-20. imiphakathi nezimanakanaka-Otter kuncipha ngenxa zimbi izimo kwendawo zokungcoliswa kwawo, futhi Ukungenela komuntu. Emanzini, isitha se-otter siyingwenya, emhlabeni izitha zayo eziyinhloko yi-python nomuntu, ngenxa yesidingo esandayo soboya obukhulu, obuthambile be-otter.

Emanzi, emazweni amanzi nazo likhanyelwe ngenxa ukwanda kanye nokuthuthukiswa umkhakha, ekunciphiseni endaweni ngenxa Otter nezinhlobo zayo ezihlukahlukene ukuze kuhlale. Ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi kanye lomfula liwusongo. Ukuqothuka kwamahlathi endaweni yama-otter kubangela ukuvalwa kwamafu nokugcwala kwamanzi emizimbeni yamanzi, okunciphisa ukubonakala emanzini. Konke lokhu Uphatha kabi impumelelo ukuzingela Otter. Sewer amanzi futhi amanzi angcolile ushevu kokubili imithini futhi inyamazane yawo.

Uboya be-otter bubaluleke kakhulu inani lendawo, ngoba lisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwezifo zamehlo kanye / noma ezikhaleni. Ngo-1997, nezilwane ezisohlwini Isithasiselo II CITES Convention. Nakuba imithini zivikelwe umthetho emazweni amaningi, they nzonzobala wabulala hhayi kuphela ngenxa noboya eyigugu, kodwa futhi njengoba izinambuzane lapho basuke ukhathazwa emanetheni okudoba, futhi noma ngoba kubhekwa esincintisana abadobi.

Incazelo ye-Spotted Otter

Ingaphakathi lale Otter kuyinto ukwenzela ukungena okuncane kakhulu futhi mncane. Ubude umzimba ifinyelela 57,5 ​​amasentimitha, kodwa ikhumbula umsila kuyinto 95-117 ngamasentimitha. Abesifazane bancane ngokuqhathaniswa nabesilisa. Abesifazane nesisindo 3.5-4 khilogremu, kanye nabesilisa nesisindo 4-5 khilogremu. Inhloko mkhulu futhi wenziwa endaweni ebanzi. Isibalo sibanzi futhi, nesihloko sekhala alunalutho. Izindlebe babanjwa, yayincane.

Ubude umsila kuyinto 33-44.5 amasentimitha, ekufezeni ukuqeda unciphise umsila. Iminwe yentamo ebunjiwe ye-otter ifakiwe ebhloka, ihlome ngezihlakala eziqinile futhi ezibukhali, ubude bazo bufika kumamilimitha ayi-10. On imilenze indluzelekazi, le izimpiko kukhona esimfushane kuka phezu forepaws.

I elingenamikhono le Otter nezimanakanaka kuyinto acwebezelayo futhi bushelelezi. Izinwele zivevetha futhi ziwugqinsi. Ubude izinwele ongaphandle siyisifiso 13-16 amamilimitha angu, futhi ubude undercoat kuyinto 7 kwangu. Umbala emuva kuyinto ushokoledi onsundu ngokuphaphathekile noma abe nsundu abomvu. Kukhona amabala amhlophe namdaka esifubeni nasemphinjeni. Abanye abantu namabala amhlophe e imbilapho. I kwesilevu ne lip engenhla asemhlophe. Imvamisa phakathi kwama-albinos amabala abonakalayo.

Nezimanakanaka Otter (Hydrictis maculicollis).

Nezimanakanaka Otter Habitat

La ma-otter ahlala echibini laseTanganyika naseVictoria, futhi ajwayelekile ezindaweni ezinamaxhaphozi ezitholakala eningizimu yehlane laseSahara.

Imithini umusa amachibi unomphela noma iziphethu ukuthi zome lapho lomisile. Bona bahlala ogwini olunamadwala namanzi ezolile. Ama-otter ayizigaxa ahlala emifuleni, emachibini, ezixhaphozini nasemifuleni yezintaba ngasendaweni ephakeme. amachibi Namandla nemifula nge zamanje eqinile, bagwema. Lezi imithini umusa emanzini angajulile kunokuba emanzini ajulile.

Indlela Yokuphila YeSterter

I Otter nezimanakanaka-lukhuni iyasebenza nganoma isiphi isikhathi sosuku, kodwa isiqongo womsebenzi siyenzeka ngemva kokuphuma kwelanga, 2-3 amahora ngaphambi kokuba lishone. Imithini aphumule ezidlekeni zawo siqu, okuyinto benza eduze kwamanzi.

Umbala woboya obumhlophe be-chin-i-otter uhlukahluka kusuka kukashokholethi ube nsundu.

A Spotted-lukhuni Otter aphinde abhukude abuyele kangcono kunamanye bazalwane angenasawoti. Lezi yizilwane beshesha ukuthi ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi ukudlala nge zazo siqu, kodwa futhi kungaba ukudlala yedwa.

Lapho ama-otter efika emhlabeni, ahlala elangeni futhi ahlanze ijazi lawo loboya. Ngo amanzi, umzimba kwezinsalela Otter ome ngenxa uboya bayo obukhulu, elibamba inqwaba air Bubbles. Ngenxa yalokhu emoyeni, isikhumba i Otter Kawusoze ezimanzi.

Izitha zama-otter ezinamabala zingwenya, ama-pythons nabantu. Ukuphila kwabo sokuphila kubalulekile mayelana iminyaka 8 emvelweni, futhi ekuthunjweni bangakwazi aphila iminyaka engaba ngu-20.

Nezimanakanaka Ukudla Otter

Ukudla okuyinhloko kwalawa ma-otter izinhlanzi: ama-clariasis, ama-barbs, ama-tilapia, ama-perches amakhulu-ama-mouthed, i-haplochromis, i-trout. Futhi zidla amaselesele, ezingenamgogodla, izinkalankala, ama-mollusk izinambuzane zasemanzini izibungu zabo.

Ngokuthi iLake Victoria, eTanzania, kokuzalela senzeka ngoJulayi, futhi amawundlu bazalwa ngo-September.

Ama-otter wokuzingela akhethwa emanzini angajulile, ngoba inani elikhulu lama-cichlid abhukuda lapho, okuyizisulu eziyinhloko. Imithini catch izinhlanzi ubhekisise 10 metres kusukela ogwini. Phakathi ukuzingela, izimpiko abukhali ukubasiza. I-otter idla izinhlanzi emsileni, futhi imvamisa ikhanda layo. Ngokusho ngekucaphelisisa, omunye Otter kuthatha imizuzu 10-20 ukubamba inhlanzi eyodwa.

I komphakathi Otter nezimanakanaka

Lawa ma-otter aphila impilo eyedwa, abesifazane kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhulisa inzalo abatholakala emaqenjini emindeni enabantu abangama-3-4.

Abesilisa bahlala ahamba ingxenye enkulu yensimu ngaphakathi okuyinto izinsikazi eziningana angaphila. Umuntu ngamunye has a obuphelele ugu amakhilomitha mayelana 3.5. Ama-otter asakazekile awavikele izindawo zawo ngenkuthalo futhi avumele abanye abantu ukuba bazingele kumasayithi abo.

Owesilisa imithini elimhlophe-axoshwe awahlanganyeli ekukhuliseni imidlwane.

Imithini uhlale uthintana nomunye ngosizo Screams sifana Meow hoshozela. Uma besengozini, bakhipha umsindo wokuhlaba umkhosi, ohambisana nemisindo yokukhala.

Ngokuzalanisa imithini ikhombe

Isizini yokuzalanisa ihlala-September kuya ku-December. Abesifazane benza izimbobo osebeni lwemifula, ezixhotsheni, eduze kwamadamu nasemachibini. Ukukhulelwa ihlala izinsuku 60-65, ngemva kwalokho amawundlu ijazi ithenda ukuvela. Insikazi uwondla ubisi amasonto 12-16. Ngeviki lesi-8 sebeqalile ukubhukuda.

Izinkathazo zesifazane izinsana unyaka wonke. Njengoba iduna endaweni enkulu lapho abesifazane eziningana siphile, angakusiza izinsikazi kuphakamisa inzalo.

Ama-otter asemancane adlala kakhulu, ngakho-ke akwazi kahle ukuthambekela kokuzingela. Njengoba zikhula, ezinza futhi baqala uphile ezimele. Ukuthomba azalela kwenzeka eminyakeni 2.

Endle, otter angaba yisisulu sezingwenya.

Nezimanakanaka Otter Nabantu

I Otter nezimanakanaka-lukhuni wawumatasa ngizoqothulwa kuze 1973, lokhu kwakubangelwa zibiza obuyimvukumvuku. Ngokwesikhumba se-otter bakhokha cishe ama- $ 40. Abadobi ngokuvamile wabulala imithini njengoba izinambuzane amanetha okudoba.

Ngo-1997, laba imithini yabalwa Isithasiselo II CITES Convention. Inkinga enkulu yalezi zilwane ukusetshenziswa kwamanetha we-nylon, lapho ama-otter abanjwa aze afe.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

Ukubhebhetheka

White-lukhuni Otter okujwayelekile sub-Saharan Afrika. Le ndawo ukusatshalaliswa elisukela Guinea-Bissau eNtshonalanga Afrika eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Ethiopia, kanye eningizimu-ntshonalanga, emngceleni osenyakatho Namibia, ntshonalanga Botswana kanye Zimbabwe nasempumalanga ngokusebenzisa eKenya naseTanzania, Malawi futhi izingxenye Mozambique iya empumalanga ye South Africa.

Umsoco

I-otter idla izinhlanzi (Barbus, Clarias, I-Haplochromis, Micropterus salmoides, Salmo trutta, I-Tilapia) Namaselesele (ikakhulukazi Xenopus laevis, URana) Endle, otter angaba yisisulu sezingwenya. eagles Screaming Ungase futhi azingele amawundlu.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

I-otter isilwane esidliwayo esiqhamuka emndenini wobulawe. Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo eziyi-12 ezahlukahlukene kuhlobo lwama-otter, yize ziyaziwa eziyi-13. Izinhlobo zaseJapan zalezi zilwane ezithokozelayo sezinyamalele ngokuphelele emhlabeni wethu.

Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, kepha ezaziwa kakhulu yilezi:

• i-otter yomfula (evamile),
• I-otter yaseBrazil (umdondoshiya),
• i-otter yolwandle (i-sea otter),
• ISumatran otter,
• I-Asiatic otter (akukho bhungane)

I-otter yomfula isabalele kakhulu, sizokuqonda izici zayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kepha sizofunda ezinye zezimpawu mayelana nohlobo ngalunye lwenhla.I-otter enkulu yahlala e-Amazon, imane ithanda izindawo ezishisayo. Kanye nomsila, ubukhulu bawo bungamamitha amabili, kanti umhlaseli onjalo unesisindo esingama-20 kg. Amaphawundi anamandla, ahlanganile, uboya besithunzi esimnyama. Ngenxa yalokho, inani lama-otters lehlile kakhulu.

Ama-sea otter, noma ama-sea otter, abizwa nangokuthi ama-beaver olwandle. Ama-sea otter ahlala eKamchatka, eNyakatho Melika, eziQhingini zase-Aleutian. Mikhulu kakhulu, isisindo sabesilisa sifinyelela kuma-35 kg. Lezi zilwane zihlakaniphe kakhulu futhi zinomsebenzi omuhle. Bafaka ukudla kwabo ephaketheni elikhethekile elingaphansi kwesihlahla sangaphambi kwesokunxele. Ukudla ama-mollusks, ahlukanisa amagobolondo awo ngamatshe. I-otter yolwandle nayo ivikelwe, manje inani layo lenyuke kancane, kepha ukuyizingela kuhlala kuvinjelwe ngokuphelele.

Ividiyo: Otter

Sumatran Otter kuyinto owakhileyo eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Uhlala emahlathini umango, emaxhaphozini, ngasogwini lomfula yetintsaba. Isici esahlukile salesi sigaxa ekhaleni laso, simile njengawo wonke umzimba. Kungenjalo, kubukeka sengathi i-Otter abavamile. Ubukhulu balo kukhona ngokwesilinganiso. Isisindo cishe ngamakhilogremu ayi-7, udayi - okungaphezu kwemitha eyodwa.

Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo: Asiatic Otter uhlala Indonesia futhi Indochina. Yena uthanda ukuba ezitholakala Ugcwalise elayisi amasimu. Kuhlukile kunezinye izinhlobo zokubumbana. Sikhula kuphela kuze kube 45 cm ubude.

I izimpiko ezinyathela ngezidladla zalo kabi kwakhiwa, lincane kakhulu kanye nolwelwesi kungukuthi athuthukile. Ukwehlukahluka kwesimo phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-otter kuncike kwimvelo lapho zihlala khona. Naphezu kwezingqinamba umehluko, nokho, wonke imithini abe ukufana ezithile e imingcele eminingi, esizokucabangela usebenzisa isibonelo ezivamile emfuleni Otter.

Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Photo: Animal Otter

Isidumbu Otter mfula side futhi izinto zihambe kahle. Ubude ngaphandle komsila buyehluka ukusuka kwengxenye yemitha kuya kumamitha. Umsila ngokwayo kungaba kusuka 25 kuya 50 cm Isisindo esivamile kuyinto 6 -. 13 kg. I cutie ezihlekisayo Otter has a kancane isicaba, ububanzi, nomlomo moustached. Izindlebe namehlo mancane futhi ayindilinga. Imilenze Otter, efana umbhukudi ezihloniphekayo, zinamandla, okufutshane futhi ube izimpiko eside nemisipha. Umsila lide, oyindilinga. Udinga konke lokhu ukubhukuda. Umhlaseli ngokwawo ngempela ngomusa futhi nivumelane nezimo.

I noboya Otter kuyinto Chic, yingakho ngokuvamile uhlushwa abazingeli. Umbala wangemuva onsundu, kanti isisu sikhanya kakhulu futhi sinobucwebe besiliva. Kumi esiqongweni sezindawo elingenamikhono kuyinto ezimaholoholo, nangaphansi kukhona soft, ezinabantu phama kanye undercoat efudumele engayivumeli pass amanzi emzimbeni we Otter, njalo ukufudumala ke. I imithini kukhona cleanlings futhi coquets, bahlalele unakekele isimo uboya elingenamikhono, zakhipha wokuhlanza ukuze noboya soft futhi Fluffy, lokhu kuvumela yini ukumisa emakhazeni, ngoba imithini kwemisipha abanaso nhlobo fat emzimbeni yabo. Bancibilika entwasahlobo nasehlobo.

Abesifazane kanye nabesilisa zifana kakhulu imithini, bona zihlukaniswa kuphela ubukhulu. Iduna inkudlwana kuka insikazi. Ngeso elinqunu ngokushesha akunakwenzeka ukubona ukuthi ngubani ophambi kwakho - owesilisa noma owesimame? Kuvele isici esithakazelisayo lezi zilwane kuba phambi valve akhethekile ezindlebeni futhi ekhaleni, okuyinto ukuvimba ingress amanzi lapho diving. Umbono we-Otter kuyinto enhle kakhulu, ngisho ngaphansi kwamanzi, it is ngamakhasimende kahle. Ngokuvamile, lezi zidla zizwa zimangalisa, emanzini nasemhlabeni.

Incazelo Sumatran Otter

Ngaphandle, abaprofethi bamanga Sumatran imithini zifane nezinye imithini angenasawoti. Kepha isici esibonakalayo se-Sumatran otter ikhala eli-furry, isici esingatholakali kwezinye izinhlobo.

imithini Sumatran kukhona naphakathi ngobukhulu: zibe obuphelele umzimba kusuka ngamasentimitha 50 kuya 82, ubude umsila nayo ukungezwa kule value - 35-50 amasentimitha. isisindo umzimba uyahluka 5-8 khilogremu. Amachaphaza agxishwe webhu, iminwe iphele ngozipho obuqinile nobukhali. Imilenze phambi zincane kunohlamvu imilenze yangemuva.

Sumatran Otter (Lutra sumatrana).

Uboya obuhle futhi bucwengekile. Izinwele asele sinokuhlasela encane, ubude zifinyelele 12-14 amamilimitha angu, kanye undercoat - 7-8 amamilimitha angu. Umbala ziyahlukahluka kusuka amnyama ushokoledi ukuba onsundu abomvu.

Umphimbo nom nemihlathi imhlophe. Ikhala embozwe iDemo amnyama noboya.

Sumatran Otter izindawo

Abamele le nhlobo bahlala emahlathini anezinhlanga nezinhlanga, anezindawo ezinamanzi angamanzi kanye nemisele. Futhi ezivamile ku angajulile angasogwini.

Ngokwesibonelo, e-Vietnam, Sumatran imithini bukhoma e izinhlobo ezine izindawo. Ngezilimi kukhuliswa umhlanga ogcwele, okufika kumamitha amathathu ukuphakama. Kule ndawo ye imithini yesibili emaxhaphozini evulekile.

Kukhona okuningi ukudla emaxhaphozini, kodwa kukhona izindawo zokukhosela kungekho esithekile, ngakho imithini ukuzisebenzisa kuphela ukuzingela. Ezindalini ezinezihlahla ezivuthiwe, ama-otter athola inani elanele lezinhlanzi nezindawo zokuphumula lapho kuhlangana khona izimpande.

Ngo amanzi ngaphansi mhlanga kukhona ukudla okuningi efanelekayo imithini: mollusk, izinkalankala nezinhlanzi. Indawo eyinhloko Sumatran imithini iyona emiseleni, ngoba ukunikeza ngokugcwele izidingo okuphakelayo yalezi zilwane, futhi osebeni embozwe izimila obukhulu kukhona izindawo zokuhlala eziningi lapho ungakwazi ukufihla.

Indlela yokuphila yeSumatran otter

Ngokuqondene izici umsoco Sumatran imithini, akukho ulwazi abaqinisekisiwe, kodwa kukholakala ukuthi ukudla kwabo kufana ekudleni nezinye imithini angenasawoti. Ngo-2000, imiphumela yocwaningo olwenziwe indle ka Sumatran imithini yokungcebeleka eseningizimu yeThailand, ngemva kwalokho kwatholakala ukuthi cishe 78% yokudla siqukethe izinhlanzi, kanye nesihlungu akhona yesibili. Futhi ezindlini zokuthambisa kwatholakala izinsalela zama-invertebrates: izinambuzane kanye nemifantu, kepha zitholakala ngobuncane.

Imiphumela cwaningo abonisa ukuthi inhlanzi iyona izakhi eziyinhloko we Sumatran imithini, futhi zikhiqiza nezinye izilwane kuphela izinto eziningi ezincane. I imithini ushiye droppings ezindaweni kuyabonakala ku ezinkangala: ku iziphunzi, izindunduma zenhlabathi, izihlahla kanye nokunye okufana nalokho. La maphuzu e-otter asetshenziswa njalo, kwesinye isikhathi iminyaka eminingana.

imithini Sumatran kucatshangwa komphakathi kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo. Akukho ulwazi kabusha lezi imithini ngokwemvelo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ekudingisweni ama-Sumatran otters aletha imidlwane emithathu. Ukuqaphelwa basekuthunjweni show ukuthi abesilisa ngezinye izikhathi usizo nabesifazane ukondla izingane zabo.

Nge ukuntuleka kokudla, Sumatran imithini Ungahambisa komunye olwenzeka endaweni komunye, ngenkathi behamba amabanga amade.

Ama-Sumatran otters nabantu

imithini Sumatran kuthiwa cishe eningawugcinanga eziqiwini kanye ekuthunjweni. Futhi, abadobi musa yokulawula lezi imithini, ngenxa ukuthambekela kwawo okuzingela libizwa. Ama-Sumatran otters awakwazi ukuhlala evaliwe, adinga inani elikhulu lendawo yamahhala ukuze akwazi ukuzulazula kakhulu futhi ahlole insimu.

Sumatran imithini uthande ukuhambisa okuningi, futhi noma ngabe bahlala yezinyoni, bahlalele azame ukuqeda mngcele nothango phuma lokuthunjwa.

Ingozi embi kunazo zonke kuya khona zilwane indoda. Abantu baletha izilwane ukukhathazeka okuningi ngezenzo zabo. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho kubhujiswa imizi, nokungcoliswa izindawo zemvelo, ukuzingela ngokungemthetho, ukuzingela, ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo, ukuncishiswa izinsiza ukudla, ukusetshenziswa ubuthi futhi kwenze izibulala-zinambuzane, zonke lokhu kubukela zilwane.

Sumatran imithini abahlala emahlathini ixhaphozi, sifinyelela engezansi emifuleni, amaxhaphozi, imihlume, entabeni nokusakazwa ngenhla 300 m ngaphezu kolwandle. Ukuzingela kungenye yezinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu zama-Sumatran otter, ngakho-ke kusuka ngo-1995 kuya ku-1996 ama-otter angamakhulu ambalwa abhujiswa ngenxa yoboya bawo obuhle. I abazingeli ke wathola 50-60 zamarandi Babulala, ngulowo lalowo Otter.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela u-Ctrl + Enter.

Ihlala kuphi i-otter?

Isithombe: UMfula Otter

I-otter itholakala kunoma yiliphi izwekazi ngaphandle kwelase-Australia. Ziyizilwane zasemanzini ezinamanzi, ngakho-ke zikhetha ukuhlala kwazo eduze namachibi, imifula nezixhaphozi. Amachibi angahluka, kepha into eyodwa ihlala ingashintshiwe - kungukuhlanzeka kwamanzi nokugeleza kwawo. I-otter ngeke ihlale emanzini angcolile. Ezweni lethu, i-otter isakazeke yonke indawo; ihlala ngisho naseFar North, eChukotka.

Indawo ethathwa yi-otter inganweba amakhilomitha ambalwa (ifinyelela ku-20). Izindawo ezincane kunazo zonke zivame ukuhlangana nemifula futhi zihlala cishe amakhilomitha amabili. Izindawo eziningi ezibanzi zitholakala eduze kwemifudlana yezintaba. Kwabesilisa yinde kakhulu kunabesifazane, ukuhlangana kwabo kuvame ukubonwa.

Iqiniso elikhangayo: I-otter efanayo engxenyeni yayo ivame ukuba nezindlu eziningana lapho ichitha khona isikhathi. Lezi zidlova azakhi izindlu zazo. Ama-Otter ahlala emifantweni ehlukahlukene phakathi kwamatshe, ngaphansi kwama-rhizomes ezitshalo eceleni kwekhola.

Izindawo zokukhosela ezinjalo zivame ukuba nezindawo zokuphepha eziningana. Futhi, ama-otter ajwayele ukusebenzisa izindlu ezishiywe ngotshwala, ezihlala kuzo ngokuphepha. I-otter ihlakaniphile kakhulu futhi ihlala inekhaya eliyigcinayo. Kuzoba wusizo uma ngabe indawo yokukhosela yayo eyinhloko isendaweni yezzikhukhula.

I-otter idlani?

Photo: Little Otter

Umthombo oyinhloko wokudla kwe-otter, yiqiniso, izinhlanzi. Lezi izilwane ezidla ezinye mustachioed uthande shellfish, zonke izinhlobo ezinamagobolondo. Imithini kungukuthi ukubukelwa phansi nge amaqanda inyoni, izinyoni ezincane, futhi yokuzingela amagundane amancane. Ngisho ne-muskrat ne-beaver, i-otter idla ngentokozo, uma inenhlanhla eyanele yokuyibamba. Kuvele Otter ungakwazi ukudla Waterfowl, ngokuvamile abalimala.

Isikhathi elikhulu isikhathi ekuphileni is lesisetjentiswe Otter ukuze uthole ukudla uqobo. Ungumzingeli ongazethembi, ongathi emanzini asheshe axoshe inyamazane, anqobe amamitha angama-300. Uma esegugile, i-otter ingakwenza ngaphandle komoya imizuzu emi-2. Lapho Otter ugcwele, kungaba namanje uqhubeke ukuzingela yayo, futhi izinhlanzi esiveza ngeke nje ukudlala futhi ujabule.

Kwezokudoba, imisebenzi imithini kakhulu baziswa ngoba kudle izinhlanzi okungezona zokuhweba, okungase udle amaqanda gazinga kwezohwebo. I-otter idla cishe ikhilogremu yenhlanzi ngosuku. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi esidla izinhlanzi ezincane kwesokudla emanzini, ngokubeka phezu kwakhe esiswini, njengoba etafuleni, bese idonsa out umuntu omkhulu ogwini, lapho yena ujabulela udla.

Njengoba lokhu mustachioed izinhlanzi lover uhlanzekile kakhulu, bese ngemva Whirls bite yena emanzini, ukuhlanza izinhlanzi wakhe kusukela doti izinhlanzi. Lapho ubusika bufika esiphelweni, ungqimba lomoya luvame ukwakha phakathi kweqhwa namanzi, bese i-otter ilusebenzisa, ihamba ngokuphumelelayo ngaphansi kweqhwa ibheke inhlanzi isidlo sasemini.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umzimba imithini ungawusebenzisa nje ayefisa ukufana nabo. Kuyinto ngokushesha kangangokuba ukugaya kanye nokwenziwa ukudla kudliwa kwenzeka ngokushesha kakhulu, yonke le nqubo ithatha kuphela ngehora. Lokhu kuchazwa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwesilwane okukhulu, okuthi isikhathi eside sizingele futhi sichithe emanzini apholile (ajwayele ukubanda), lapho ukushisa kungahlali emzimbeni wesilwane isikhathi eside.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Indlela yokuphila yama-otter yasemanzini ye-otter iyilolonge kakhulu indlela yayo yokuphila nomlingiswa. I-otter inaka kakhulu futhi iyaqaphela. Unokuzwa okukhulu, umuzwa wokuhogela nokubona okuhle. Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-otter luphila ngendlela yalo. I-otter yomfula ojwayelekile ithanda indlela yokuphila ebambekile, umhlaseli onjalo onamalebe uthanda ukuhlala yedwa, ehlala endaweni yakhe, lapho ahlala khona ngempumelelo.

Lezi zilwane zisebenza kakhulu futhi ziyadlala, zibhukuda njalo, zingahamba amabanga amade ngezinyawo, ukuzingela nakho kuyasendlini. Ngaphandle kokuqapha kwakhe, otter unesimo esijabulisayo kakhulu, unesasasa nomsizi. Ehlobo, ngemuva kokubhukuda, azihambi ngokushisa imithambo yazo elangeni, zibambe imifudlana yemisebe efudumele. Futhi ebusika, ukujabulisa izingane okwandayo njengokushushuluza intaba akuyona into ehlukile kubo. Ama-Otter athanda ukuzulazula ngale ndlela, eshiya umkhondo omude eqhweni.

Uhlala esiswini sabo, abasisebenzisa njenge-ice floe. Zigibela zisuka emaphethelweni ehlobo ehlobo, ngemuva kwazo zonke izindlela zokuzijabulisa ezishayelela phezulu emanzini. Ngenkathi ugibela ezikhangisweni ezinjalo, ama-otter ukuncenceza okuhlekisayo nokushaya ikhwela. Kunombono wokuthi lokhu abakwenzi hhayi ukuzijabulisa nje kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuhlanza ijazi labo loboya. Ubuningi bezinhlanzi, amanzi ahlanzekile futhi agelezayo, izindawo ezingenakutheleka ezingenalutho - lokhu kuyisihluthulelo sendawo yokuhlala ejabulisayo yanoma iyiphi i-otter.

Uma kunokudla okwanele endaweni ethandiwe ye-otter, khona-ke ingahlala ngempumelelo lapho isikhathi eside. Isilwane sithanda ukuhamba ezindleleni ezifanayo. I-otter ayixhunyiwe ngokuqinile endaweni ethile yokufakwa kwayo. Uma ukudla kutholakala ukuthi kuyindlala, leso silwane siqhubeka nohambo ukuze sithole indawo efanelekile yokuhlala lapho kungeke kube nezinkinga ngokudla. Ngakho-ke, i-otter ingahamba amabanga amade. Noma kuqhwa eqhweni naseqhweni elijulile ngosuku, lingashintsha 18 km 20 km.

Qiniseka ukuthi wengeza ukuthi ama-otter ajwayele ukuthunyelwa ukuyozingela ebusuku, kepha hhayi njalo. Uma i-otter izizwa iphephe ngokuphelele, ingaboni noma yiziphi izinsongo, khona-ke iyasebenza futhi inamandla cishe ubusuku nemini - umthombo onjalo opholile futhi o-mustachioed, ongapheli wobungqabavu namandla!

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Photo: Animal Otter

Ukuxhumana kanye nokuxhumana kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-otter kunezimpawu zawo nokwehluka. Isibonelo, ama-sea otter, ahlala emaqenjini lapho kukhona owesilisa nowesifazane. Futhi i-otter yaseCanada ithanda ukwakha amaqembu kuphela abesilisa, amaqembu abalekelelayo, angena ezilwaneni eziyishumi kuya kweziyi-12.

Iqiniso elikhangayo: Ama-otter omfula awashadile. Izinsikazi, kanye nezinsana zazo, zihlala endaweni efanayo, kepha owesilisa ngamunye uzama ukwehlukanisa indawo yakhe ehlukile kuyo. Ezimpahla zowesilisa kukhona izindawo zendawo enkudlwana lapho ahlala khona yedwa kuze kube kuqala inkathi yokuzalela.

Imibhangqwana yakheka isikhathi esifushane sokuzala, bese eyeduna ibuyela empilweni yayo ejwayelekile yamahhala, ingathathi ingxenye ngokuphelele ekuxhumaneni nezingane zayo. Isikhathi sokufuya ngokuvamile senzeka entwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo. Owesilisa wahlulela ukulungela kowesifazane ukuba aqalwe kabusha, ngamamaki akhe athile anukayo ashiywe. Umzimba wama-otter ulungele ukuzalaniswa ngeminyaka emibili (kwabesifazane), iminyaka emithathu (emadodeni) yempilo. Ukuwina intokazi yenhliziyo, ama-ottera we-cavalier avame ukwenza izimpi ezingakhathali

Owesifazane uphethe amathole izinyanga ezimbili. Kuze kuzalwe izingane ezi-4, kepha kuvamisile ukuthi kube ezi-2 kuphela zazo. Umama we-otter unakekela kakhulu futhi ukhulisa izingane zakhe kuze kube unyaka. Izingane zizalwa zivele ngejazi loboya, kepha aziboni ngalutho, zinesisindo esingama-100 g. Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, ziqala ukubona kahle futhi ukuqala kwazo kuqala.

Eduze nezinyanga ezimbili, asevele aqala ukuqeqeshwa kokubhukuda. Esikhathini esifanayo, amazinyo abo ayakhula, okusho ukuthi baqala ukudla ukudla kwabo. Ngokufanayo, zincane kakhulu futhi zingaphansi kwezingozi ezahlukahlukene, noma zinezinyanga eziyisithupha zihlala eduze konina. Umama ufundisa inzalo yakhe ukudoba, ngoba impilo yazo incike kulokhu. Kuphela lapho izingane ziba nonyaka owodwa ubudala lapho zivuthwa ngokuphelele futhi zibe ngabantu abadala, zilungele ukubhukuda mahhala.

Izitha Zemvelo Zase-Otter

Isithombe: UMfula Otter

Ama-Otter aphila impilo eyimfihlo, azama ukuhlala ezindaweni ezingenakutheleka kude nezindawo zokuhlala zabantu. Noma kunjalo, lezi zilwane zinezitha ezanele.

Ngokuya ngohlobo lwesilwane kanye nenkundla yokuhlala yayo, kungaba:

Imvamisa bonke laba abangahambi kahle bahlasela izilwane ezincane nezingenalwazi. Ngisho ne-fox ingafaka ingozi kuma-otter, yize ivame ukunaka i-otter elimele noma ebanjwe ugibe. I-otter iyakwazi ukuzivikela ngesibindi, ikakhulukazi lapho impilo yamawundlu ayo isengozini.Kunezimo lapho engena empini ne-alligator futhi ephuma kuyo ephumelela. Umuntu otter othukuthele unamandla kakhulu, unesibindi, agile futhi uyisimungulu.

Noma kunjalo, ingozi enkulu kune-otter abantu. Futhi iphuzu lapha alikhona kuphela ekuzingeleni nasekuphishekeleni uboya be-chic, kodwa futhi nasemisebenzini yabantu. Ebamba kakhulu izinhlanzi, angcolisa indawo ezungezile, wenza kanjalo aqothule i-otter, esengozini yokuqothulwa.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Photo: Animal Otter

Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi isibalo sama-otters sehle ngokudabukisayo, inani labo manje selisengozini. Yize lezi zilwane zihlala cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwelase-Australia, yonke indawo i-otter ingaphansi kwesimo sokuvikela futhi ibhalwe ku-Red Book. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinhlobo zaseJapan zalezi zilwane ezimangazayo zanyamalala ngokuphelele ebusweni boMhlaba emuva ngonyaka ka-2012. Isizathu esiyinhloko salesi simo esidabukisayo sabantu ngumuntu. Imisebenzi yakhe yokuzingela nezomnotho ibeka engcupheni laba bantu abahlaseli bezinja. Izikhumba zabo ezibalulekile ziheha abazingeli eziholele ekubhujisweni kwenani elikhulu lezilwane. Ikakhulu ebusika, abazingeli bezimpukane.

Izimo ezingezinhle zemvelo nazo zithinta ama-otter. Uma izidumbu zamanzi zingcoliswa, kusho ukuthi inhlanzi iyanyamalala, kanti otter akanakho ukudla, okuholela izilwane ekufeni. Ama-otter amaningi awela enetheni lokudoba futhi afe, afakwe kuwo. Muva nje, abadobi baye baqothula i-otter ngesihluku ngoba idla izinhlanzi. Emazweni amaningi, i-otter ejwayelekile manje ayikaze itholakale, yize ngaphambili yayigcwele lapho. Lokhu kufaka iBelgium, iNetherlands neSwitzerland.

I-Otter Guard

Photo: Otter ebusika

Zonke izinhlobo zama-otter okwamanje zikuNcwadi Yomhlaba Wonke Ezibomvu. Ezindaweni ezithile, inani labantu lenyuka kancane (ulwandle), kepha ngokuvamile isimo siyadabukisa. Ukuzingela, vele, akuqhutshwa njengakuqala, kepha imizimba eminingi yamanzi lapho i-otter ibihlala khona ingcoliswa kakhulu.

Ukuthandwa kwe-otter, okubangelwa idatha yayo yangaphandle ekhangayo kanye nesimilo sayo sokwethaba, kwenza abantu abaningi bacabange ngokwengeziwe ngosongo abantu abalubeka kulesi silwane esithandekayo. Mhlawumbe ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, isimo sizoshintsha sibe ngcono, futhi nenani lama-otter lizoqala ukukhula kancane kancane.

I-Otter ayigcini ngokusikhokhisa ngokuqiniseka nangomdlandla, kodwa futhi ifeza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu wokuhlanza imizimba yamanzi, isebenze ngokuhleleka kwayo kwemvelo, Okokuqala, badla izinhlanzi ezigulayo nezingenamandla.