I-Aha ithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabathandi be-terrarium. I-Aga njengenhlobo idlangile kakhulu eMelika Ephakathi naseNingizimu Melika futhi, ngenxa yosizo lwabantu, ikhuphule kakhulu uhla lwayo, ikakhulukazi ngekhulu lama-20.

Yebo Yangeniswa eFlorida (e-USA), yabe isithunyelwa ezweni lonke cishe kuwo wonke amazwe otshala umoba ukuze kulawulwe izinambuzane (izinambuzane namagundane) (D. Conran, 1965).

Yenza i-Toad aga njengesigaxa esinophondo, sinokubukeka okuhlaba umxhwele kakhulu. Ifinyelela ku-250 mm ubude no-80-120 mm ububanzi (W. Klingelhdffer, 1956). Imvamisa upendiwe ngombala onsundu omnyama, ingxenye engezansi yomzimba ilula, kube namabala, ukukhula kwentsha kukhanya kunabantu abadala.

Kuwo wonke ama-amphibians, i-aga inesikhumba esikhudlwana kunazo zonke. Ngakho-ke, lesi silwane siyakwazi ukuhlala eduze kwamanzi angenamkhawulo (bese sikhahlazeka kuwo), sihlala niche yemvelo engafinyeleleki kwamanye ama-amphibians.
Yebo kuholela indlela yokuphila yesikhathi sobunxele, ecashe phakathi nosuku emashalofini.

Ukuphinda kwenziwe ubuhlalu kufundwe kahle. Ngokwemvelo, ubudala bakhetha izindawo zokugcina ezinkulu zesikhashana abangena kuzo lapho kuqala imvula imvula. Njengomthetho, ukuqhakaza kwenzeka phakathi kwamasonto amane okuqala kokuqala kwemvula yasezindaweni ezishisayo (M. Hoogmoed, S. Gorzula, 1979) - ikakhulukazi ngoFebhuwari-Juni. Phakathi nonyaka, insikazi enkulu iyakwazi ukukhipha amaqanda afinyelela ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-35 (W. Klingelhdffer, 1956) - Ngesikhathi sokuzala, abesilisa bakhipha ukukhala, ukukhala okujerky okubukeka njengokukhonkotha kwenja.

Izithombe Zama-Aga

Okokuqukethwe yebo dinga i-terrarium enkulu. Ngaphansi kufanele kumbozwe inhlabathi engamasentimitha ayi-10, okuyinhlanganisela yesihlabathi nge-peat ne-moss (ungasebenzisa amaqabunga avuthiwe). Lokhu kulala kumele kuguqulwe kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukukhanyisa akukho mpofu, kepha ukufudumeza kuyadingeka, izinga lokushisa elifanele kakhulu lingama-25-28 "C. E-terrarium, kudingeka indawo yokukhosela nendawo yokukhosela.

Ukondla i-aga akunzima. Udla ngokuzithandela noma yiziphi izinambuzane ezinkulu, amagundane asanda kuzalwa namagundane, awenqabeli ama-slugs namaxoxo. Njengoba kubikwe nguJ. UMatz (1978), yebo, udla izithelo ezivuthiwe nerayisi ebilisiwe ngentokozo.

Ngo-1977, kwathuthwa izimbambo ezimbili zobuhlalu eMosco zivela eziQhingini zaseFiji, ezabekwa ngokushesha endaweni evamile yokufuya enkulukazi eyenziwe ngu-O. Shubravy. Ubungako bethrasarium buyi-500 X 500 X 500 mm. Inepulazi elisicaba elenziwe ngeplastiki, awukho umhlabathi.

Izilwane zazigcinwa emini kumazinga okushisa angama-23-25 ​​° C, ebusuku ngo-20 ° C. Zondliwe izimpukane, ama-slugs nama-Earthworms. Owesifazane wayekhule kakhulu kunowesilisa (9 - 18 cm, 6 - 12 cm).

NgoMashi 1979, ubuhlalu buqale ukukhombisa ubulili babo, kepha ukwanda akwenzekanga.
Ebusika bonyaka ka-1980, saqala ukulungiselela izilwane ukubhula.

Kwaphela izinyanga ezimbili, ubuhlalu bondliwa kakhulu (ikakhulukazi izimpukane - i-Musca domestica). Ukuvuselela ukusebenza kokuya mating, silingisa izinkathi zokushisa ezishisayo, kwathi lapho amashivu esetshenziswa, sawafaka nge-choriogonic gonadotropin. Isigamu sehora ngemuva komjovo, kube nokwanda okukhulu kwezenzo zocansi kwabesilisa. Ukulwa kaningi kwenzeka phakathi kwabo, kuhambisana nokukhala okuzwakalayo. Azange banikeze noma yikuphi ukukhetha kulokhu noma kulokho ozakwabo.

Izithombe Zama-Aga

Ezinsukwini ezimbili ngemuva komjovo we-gonadotropin, i-agam yafakwa injunjana ne-pituitary gland ye-toad eluhlaza (Bufo viridis). Womabili la mazwe abakhiqizi afakwa ku-400-litre plexiglass aquarium. Izinga lamanzi e-aquarium lingama-20 cm, izinga lokushisa lamanzi liyi-24 ° C, pH 8.5. Kwakungekho-mhlaba. Kwezitshalo ezisetshenziswa i-vallisneria. Ngo-Ephreli 6, umbhangqwana wokuqala ukhubazekile; insikazi yagwinya amaqanda acishe abe ziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2-3 ngendlela yezintambo ezimnyama.

Ezinsukwini ezintathu kamuva, lo mbhangqwana wesibili wahluma, kodwa i-caviar ayizange ivundiswe. Ngo-Ephreli 8, izibungu zahlungwa kumaqanda avundisiwe, kwathi ezinsukwini ezintathu kamuva zagwinya. Ama-Tadpoles akhula ngokushesha. Babedliswa izimbabazane, banikezwe iMicro Min, bese bayashintshwa baphake ukudla okunamaphrotheni (isikwati esidumbile, inyama esikiwe). Amanzi atholwa ngamandla.

Ngemuva kwenyanga, izilwane zahamba nge-metamorphosis. Amajaha ayemincane ngosayizi omncane ngokuqhathaniswa nabakhiqizi (isilinganiso esilingana nobude obuyi-10 mm). Ngemuva kwe-metamorphosis, ubuhlalu buhlinzekwe nguDrosophila.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, imibuzo eminingi esibuyile yitholile kunokuba sakwazi ukuyixazulula ngesikhathi sokuqalisa kwayo. Yini edale ukufa kwezingane ngemuva kwe-metamorphosis? Kungani, ngaphandle kokusaphaza, kwakungekho ndlela yokuziphatha okumsulwa kokuhlanzeka, ikakhulukazi, “ukucula” kwabesilisa? Kungani ubuhlalu besibili, yebo, bavela?
Asikwazi ukuphendula le mibuzo okwamanje. Ukuhlola kwethu kufanele kubhekwe kuphela njengesinyathelo sokuqala.

O. SHUBRAVY, A. GOLOVANOV eMosto Zoo

Incazelo

I-Aha ingokwesibili kubuhlalu obukhulu (omkhulu kunayo yonke ubuhlalu beBlomberg): umzimba wayo ufinyelela ku-24 cm (imvamisa 15-17 cm), kanti isisindo sayo singaphezu kwekhilogremu. Abesilisa bancane kakhulu kunabesifazane. Isikhumba se-aga sakhiwe ngokuqinile keratinized, warty. Umbala awukhanyi: ingaphezulu inombala onsundu noma mpunga enamabala amakhulu amnyama, isisu siphuzi, sinamabala ansundu avamile. Ifaniswa nezindlala ezinkulu ze-parotid ezinhlangothini zekhanda, ezikhiqiza imfihlo enobuthi, kanye nama-crests we-bone infraorbital. Ulwelwesi lwesikhumba lukhona kuphela emilenzeni yangasemuva. Njengezinye izinhlobo zasebusuku, i-toad aga inezingane ezivundlile.

Ama-Toads-aga atholakala kusuka ezinkulwini zesihlabathi ezisogwini kuya emaphethelweni amahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo nasezihlahleni zemango. Ngokungafani namanye ama-amphibians, atholakala njalo emanzini angenamikhawulo wezifufula zemifula ngasogwini naseziqhingini. Kulokhu, yebo, futhi ngaba negama layo lesayensi - Bufo marinus, "Ulwandle isithungo." Isikhumba esomile, esenziwe nge-keratinized of the aga asikufanele kahle ukushintshanisa ngegesi, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, amaphaphu aso angenye eyakheka kakhulu phakathi kwama-amphibians. I-Aha ingasinda ekulahlekelweni kokugcinwa kwamanzi emzimbeni kuze kufike ku-50%. Njengazo zonke izinto zobuhlalu, ukhetha ukuchitha usuku emashalofini, eyokuzingela kusihlwa. Indlela yokuphila ihlala yodwa. U-Aha uhamba ngamafushane okusheshayo okusheshayo. Ukuthatha isikhundla sokuvikela, inflate.

Ama-Crocodiles, ama-spiny lobsters angena emanzini amhlophe, amagundane amanzi, amakhaza, amakhambi nezinye izilwane ezingathintelwa ubuthi bazo kubantu abadala. Ama-watpoles adliwa ama-nymphs ka-dragonflies, izimbungulu zamanzi, ezinye izimfudu kanye nezinyoka. Izilwane eziningi ezidla ezinye zidla kuphela ulimi lwesifino, noma zidle isisu, esinezitho zangaphakathi ezinobuthi ezingatheni.

Ukubhebhetheka

Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo ye-toad aga isuka eMfuleni iRio Grande eTexas iye enkabeni ye-Amazonia nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yePeru. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iminyaka yokulawulwa kwezinambuzane ezinambuzane ilethelwa ogwini olusempumalanga ye-Australia (ikakhulukazi empumalanga yeQueensland kanye nogu lweNew South Wales), eningizimu Florida, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, iziqhingi zaseJapan i-Ogasawara neRyukyu, kanye nezaseCaribbean eziningi neziqhingi zasePacific, kufaka phakathi iHawaii (ngonyaka we-1935) neFiji. I-Aha ingaphila ebangeni lokushisa lika-5-40 ° C.

Habitat

Lolu hlobo luphawulwa ngamanani ahlukahlukene wemvelo wama-biotopes. Ama-Aga akhetha ukusebenzisa iningi lesikhathi sawo ezindaweni ezinomhlabathi owomile, noma kunjalo, ngesikhathi sokuncibilika, avame ukuthuthela kuma-biotopes anomswakama ophezulu.

Iningi lalawa ama-amphibians angatholakala eMelika eseNingizimu, kanye nangaphandle kweNingizimu Melika.

I-Frog aga ithanda ukuhlala emahlathini emvula ahlala eqabile futhi enamaqabunga, emahlathini akhanyayo nasezindaweni ezinamahlathi, amahlathi alukhuni angena ngaphansi komhlaba, izihlahla zemihlume kanye nogu lolwandle, amasimu, amabhuloho okunisela nemisele, ogwini lwamachibi, imifula nemifudlana, kanye nasezintabeni.

Umsoco

Abantu abadala bayamangaza, okungeyona eyejwayelekile ukwenza ubuhlalu: abadli kuphela ama-arthropods namanye ama-invertebrates (izinyosi, amabhungane, iminyuzi, amasoso, izinkumbi, izintuthwane, iminenke), kodwa nezinye izilwane zasemanzini, izibankwa ezincane, amaphuphu nezilwane ezinobukhulu begundane. Musa ukudelela ukugcwala kanye nodoti. Ogwini lolwandle yidla imifino kanye ne-jellyfish. Uma kungekho cannibalism yokudla kungathathwa.

Incazelo

I-Toad aga (isuka esiLatini. "Ulwandle i-toad") - i-amphibian, okuyi-oda engenamisipha futhi enkulu kunazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto zobuhlalu ezihlala eMelika. Usayizi I-Aga toad isukela kumasentimitha ayi-15 kuye kwangama-30, futhi kuya ngobulili, ukudla, indawo yokuhlala nezimo zezemvelo.

Isisindo abantu abakhulu kuleli cala bavame ukwedlula i-1 kilos. Abesilisa bancane kunabesifazane.

Lawa ma-amphibians ahlala, ngokuvamile awekho ngaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi, kepha uma ebekwe ezimweni ezifanele, angahlala isikhathi eside kakhulu.

Kunezimo lapho i-aga ikwazile khona ukuthi icishe ifinyelele eminyakeni engama-40, kodwa ungazami ukuphinda futhi idlule leli rekhodi, ngoba ngenxa yezimo zalo zokwenza umsebenzi ngempumelelo kwelebhu kanye nezinto eziningi ezibizayo zizodingeka. Imibala, ubuhlalu, imvamisa, grey noma nsundu emnyama, izithunzi ezimnyama zamabala, ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, ziyabonakala ngemuva. Isisu sipendwe ophuzi, kubekwa inani elikhulu lamabala ansundu kuso.

Imilenze yangaphambili ayinalo ulwelwesi ngokuphelele, futhi emilenzeni engemuva ivezwa buthaka.

Ngemuva kwezimbobo zezindlebe kukhona izindlala ezigcwala ubuthi obuningi.

Kunenkinga kunalokho ukugcina lezi zilwane njengezilwane ezifuywayo, ngoba zidinga indlela ebucayi kakhulu neqondile yokwenziwa nokwakhiwa kwezimo ezifanele.

Ngezansi kunawo wonke amapharamitha okufanele uwabone uma uhlose ukukhulisa ngempumelelo i-toad agu ekhaya lakho isikhathi eside.

Imifino

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ngokushesha ukuthi lezi zinhlavu zithanda kakhulu ukumba umhlabathi ukuze zimbele kuwo. Ezimweni zemvelo, lokhu kuyabavumela ukuba baphile nezikhathi ezomile kakhulu, balinde isikhathi sasemini futhi bazingele kahle.

Ngakho-ke, ukutshala noma yiziphi izitshalo enhlabathini ngaphakathi kwe-terarium kuwumsebenzi ongenakubonga, ngoba ama-amphibians maduze azokubmba.

Kunconywa ukubeka emhlabathini, ukudala izimo ezinomthunzi kanye nokwakha ukufana nendawo yokuhlala yemvelo, yokufakelwa noma okutshalwe emabhodweni izitshalo ezikhulayo, isibonelo: ivy, izinhlobo ezincane zefiks, philodendrons, orchid, tradescans, philodendrons, orchid noma bromeliads.

Khumbula ukuthi kunoma iyiphi imithambo efuywayo yezitshalo ezifuywayo ku-terrarium ayibalulekile ukuze usinde, futhi uma unobunzima bokuthola nokugcina izitshalo ezingaphakathi e-aquarium zisesimweni esihle, zinganakwa.

Izidingo zeTerrarium

Kulezi zilwane, uhlobo lwe-aquaterrarium oluvundlile lufanelwe kangcono, inani eliphansi lazo okufanele libe okungenani amalitha angama-40 umuntu ngamunye.

Imfuneko i-terrarium esebenza njalo ejwayelekile ukuba khona kokushisa kwelanga lesikhathi ngendlela yesibani sesibuko, irobhothi eshisayo, intambo eshisayo noma isibani se-incandescent esiqondiswe phansi.

Kusendaweni efudumele kakhulu, imini lokushisa akumele idlule ku-+32 ° C, futhi ebusuku +25 ° C, izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile e-terrarium phakathi nosuku kufanele lehluke kusuka ku-+23 ° C kuya ku +29 ° C, futhi ebusuku lisuka ku +22 ° C liye ku +24 ° C.

Ukuze i-toad ikhethe kahle indawo yokukhosela ngokwayo, kunconywa ukubeka amagatsha ahlukahlukene, i-driftwood ngaphakathi; ungathenga izakhiwo ezikhethekile esitolo sezilwane zasekhaya ngendlela yezinqaba noma ezinye izakhiwo.

Kuyinto efiselekayo ukusebenzisa ukhukhunathi crumb noma ihhashi Peat ngaphandle kokungcola okunjalo udoti. Kungenzeka usebenzise le njongo ingxube yamahlamvu we-opal, isihlabathi kanye ne-peat (1: 1: 1).

Ungase futhi ubeke ungqimba lodrako amasentimitha angu-5 ngaphansi kwe-aquarium, bese uyimboza ngomhlaba omusha ngaphezulu ngesendlalelo okungenani samasentimitha ayi-8-10.

Isitsha sokuphuza kufanele sibe semthunzini, kungcono ekhoneni elikude ukusuka kumthombo wokukhanya.

Lezi zilwane azinciphisi kakhulu ukwakheka kwamanzi, zingaphuza futhi zibhukuda kunoma yikuphi, kepha amanzi amancane angenakubalwa azilungele. Ukulungiselela kwayo, ungasebenzisa usawoti wasolwandle (1 tsp usawoti nge-2 amalitha amanzi).

Ukukhanyiselwa ukugcinwa kwe-aga kungakhethwa, ngoba isikhathi esikhulu somsebenzi wabo siwela kusihlwa nesikhathi sobusuku.

Kodwa-ke, ukuze uthuthukise ukufakwa kwe-calcium yezilwane ezifuywayo futhi ukhulise ithoni yomzimba ejwayelekile, kunconyelwa ukufaka isibani se-UV endaweni yokudla ngezikhathi zasemini.

Ngokwabo, ubuhlalu kufanele buthathwe kancane ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba bunobuthi impela. Ngemuva kokuxhumana nabo ngakunye, kungakuhle ukuthi ugeze izandla zakho kahle ngaphansi kwamanzi agezayo ngensipho.

I-terrarium kumele ihlanzwe ngokuphelele udoti okungenani izikhathi eziningana ngenyanga, isuse konke okuqukethwe kuyo futhi ikuhlanze nge-disinfectants ehlukahlukene, okudingekayo ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zokukhunta kanye namagciwane ezilwaneni ezifuywayo.

Ukondla

Ekhaya, ubuhlalu obudala budla kancane ngokwejwayelekile - kube kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukudla kwabo kuhluka kakhulu ngobudala.

Ama-watpoles adinga ukunikezwa i-detritus, izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-algae, ama-crustaceans amancane, ama-protozoa, ama-invertebrates amancane, ukumiswa kwezitshalo kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-aquarium for tadpoles.

Lapho abamele abancane bezinhlobo bekhiwa kusuka kuma-tadpoles, kuyadingeka ukuyidlulisela kwenye i-feed, kuvame ukunconywa ukunika izimpukane zikaDrosophila, izimpungushe ezincane zegazi kanye namakhethini amancane. Njengoba ukhula, ungangeza amaphela, izibungu, imollusks, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kufanele ufake amagundane, uphinde ukalwe amathoyizi, nezinkukhu ezisanda kubanjwa. Ama-toads asemasha kanye namadadiphu kufanele aphathwe nsuku zonke.

Lezi zilwane zibuye ziguqulwe zibe ukudla okungaphili ngoba lokhu, izingcezu zenkukhu noma enye inyama ebunjiwe noma inhlanzi ifaneleka kakhulu.

Amagundane namagundane kungalimaza i-toad lapho iqala ukuhlasela, ngakho-ke kunconyelwa ukubaphuca amandla abo okuhamba, kulimaze umgogodla wabo ngaphambi kokudla.

Ekudleni kwezilwane ezifuywayo udinga ukufaka inani elikhulu lamavithamini ne-calcium. Ukugcizelelwa ikakhulukazi kufanele kubekwe kuma-vithamini B12, B6, B1, phytin kanye ne-calcium glycerophosphate. Kulokhu, ukuphakelwa kwamathoyizi amancane kufanele kwenziwe kaningana ngesonto, futhi kubantu abadala, ukondla okukodwa ngesonto kuzokwanela.

Ubuntu

Njengoba sekushiwo, isibalo esikhulu sobuthi sitholakala emithanjeni engemuva kwendlebe, kepha-ke, uma ubhekene nalesi sifo, kubalulekile futhi ukuthi iqiniso lokuthi ubuthi butholakala nasezindongeni ezitholakala emzimbeni wawo wonke, yize kuncane kakhulu.

Ezinganeni, isigameko esinje singabulala. Kuyadingeka futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi hhayi nje kuphela amathoyizi amadala anobuthi, kodwa futhi nabantu abancane kakhulu noma ama-tadpoles.

Kuyafaneleka ukukhawulela ukusebenzisana kwezinye izilwane ezifuywayo ngalezi ezifuywayo, ngoba azikho izehlakalo ezimbalwa lapho inja noma ikati elidlala nge-aga libulawa y ubuthi.

Isimilo nendlela yokuphila

Lezi zambatho zithanda ukuhola i-nightlife esebenzayo, zivame ukulala phakathi nosuku, zingcwatshwe kudoti noma endaweni yokukhosela.

Akunconyelwe ukubaphazamisa ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokulala sasemini, ngoba lokhu kungaholela ekuphazamisweni kwemigqi yemvelo ejikelezayo yemvelo, okuzoholela ekuphazamisekeni okunye empilweni yezilwane ezifuywayo. Ngakho-ke, ukondla kwenziwa kangcono kakhulu ebusuku noma ntambama. Ama-Agi awakuthandi lapho ethathwa, emiswe ngemichilo futhi ehlolwa eduze, kodwa-ke, uma ujwayela isilwane sakho ekusebenzisaneni okunjalo kwasekuzalweni, ngeke simdalele kangako.

Bonke abameleli balezi zinhlobo basabela ngendlela efanayo ekubukekeni ngokuphelele kwelungu lomndeni, noma kunalokho, akukho lutho.

Lezi amphibians phila impilo enamandla amakhulu: hambisa kancane uzungeze i-terrarium, ukhiqize imisindo embalwa futhi ngeke ikunikeze ukungakhululeki okubonakalayo ngisho nasekusebenzeni kwakho, okungukuthi, ebusuku, isikhathi.

Kwesinye isikhathi okuwukuphela kwendlela yokubenza baphilele ukubakhombisa ukudla kwabo.

Ukuzala

Ungaqala ukukhiqiza ubuhlalu obuchaziwe uma sebefinyelele unyaka owodwa ubudala. Isikhathi semidlalo yomshado esebenzayo Kuqala ekuqaleni kukaMeyi kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Okthoba. Ngokuzalelwa kweTerrarium, isikhathi sikaMeyi sibhekwa njengesikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuzalelanisa.

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale le nqubo, kuzodingeka ulungiselele i-terarium yohlobo oluvundlile enendawo yokugcina evaliwe.

Amathuluzi, ngemuva kokushiya isimo sawo sasebusika, abekwa endaweni yokudlala elungiselelwe, lapho alingisela khona ngamandla inkathi yemvula, ngokuyifafaza kakhulu ngamanzi (amahlandla amaningana ngosuku) noma ngokusebenzisa okokufudumala komoya okuzenzakalelayo.

Ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umswakama ose-aquarium awawi ngaphansi kwama-60%. Ngemuva kokugcina lo mbuso isonto lonke, kuvulwa i-aquarium futhi igcwele idamu. Bese kuthi inyanga eyodwa baqhubeke nokugcina umswakama ophezulu e-terrarium.

Amanzi echibini kufanele ngaphansi kokuhlunga okungapheli kanye no-aeration. Ngale njongo, kuyadingeka ukufaka iphampu, i-aquarium compressor noma isihlungi sangaphandle.

Ngemuva kokukhwelana, okuvame ukuhlala amahora amaningi, insikazi ibeka amaqanda amaningi echibini echibini, kaningi ukusuka ku-8 kuye ku-7000, okuzobukeka njengembambo ende, eshelelayo.

Ngemuva kwalokhu okwenzekile, ubuhlalu obudala kufanele bufakwe ku-aquarium ehlukile.

Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, ama-tadpoles azoqala ukuvela ku-caviar, ukuthuthukiswa kwawo okuzothatha inyanga eyi-1 kubamele abasha bezinhlobo. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi, elilungele kahle ama-tadpoles akhulayo, kufanele ahluke kusuka kuma-2323 kuya ku-+25 degrees. Ukuze ugweme ukulahla udoti ngokudla ama-tadpoles ababuthakathaka anawo asethuthukile, kunconyelwa ukuwahlela ngosayizi bese uwatshala ezindaweni zokugcina ezahlukahlukene.

Kungcono ukuthi izindawo zokugcina amanzi asemanzini afakwe ngamabhuloho akhethekile okuphuma kwabantu abaphothule i-metamorphosis baye ogwini.

Ngakho-ke, sethemba ukuthi le ndatshana iphendule yonke imibuzo yakho ngalolu buhlakani obuhlukahlukene.

Sincoma ukuthi uqaphe ngokucophelela ukuthi isilwane sakho asibaleki, siyondla njalo nangokuningi, siyiqaphe impilo yayo futhi ivikele abanye abantu nezilwane ukuthi bayihlukumeze, khona-ke lo mlwelwe uzojabulisa amehlo akho iminyaka eminingi ngobukhona bayo.

Ubuthi

Yebo, unobuthi kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila. Lapho i-toad endala iphazamisekile, izindlala zayo zithola imfihlo emhlophe emhlophe equkethe ama-bufotoxins, iyakwazi nokuba “nokudubula” kumuntu ohlaselayo. Ubuhlungu be-Aga buyindlela enamandla, buthinta ikakhulukazi inhliziyo nenqubo yezinzwa, bubangele ukuqubuka kwesibindi, ukuquleka, ukugabha, ukuqina komzimba, ukukhuphuka kwengcindezi yegazi, kwesinye isikhathi ukukhubazeka kwesikhashana nokufa ngokuboshwa kwenhliziyo. Ngobuthi, ukuthintana okulula nezindlala ezinobuthi kwanele. Ubuthi obungene ngaphakathi kolwelwesi lwe-mucous lwamehlo, ekhaleni, nasemlonyeni kubangela ubuhlungu obukhulu, ukuvuvukala, nokungaboni okwesikhashana. Izicucu zesikhumba se-aga ngokwesiko ezisetshenziswa ngabantu baseNingizimu Melika ukumanzisa izihloko zemicibisholo. AmaNdiya angama-Choco asentshonalanga neColombia asenga ubuthi ubuthi ngokuwafaka kumashubhu we-bamboo alengiswe phezu komlilo, abese eqoqa ubuthi obuphuzi obukhanyisiwe ezitsheni zodaka. Igwababa lase-Australia lafunda ukushintshela ubuhlalu futhi, lapho selishayile ngomlomo, lidle, laphonsela eceleni izingxenye ezithile zezinhlungu ezinobuthi.

Inani lomuntu

Bazama ukufuya ubuhlalu ukuqeda izinambuzane ezilinywe emasimini omoba namazambane amnandi, ngenxa yalokho basabalalisa kabanzi ngaphandle kwendawo yabo yemvelo baba izinambuzane ngokwabo, befaka ubuthi bezilwane zasendle ezingavikelekile kubuthi bazo, futhi bancintisana nazo ukudla nama-amphibians wendawo.

Toad-aga e-Australia

Ama-toads ayi-102 alethwa ngoJuni 1935 e-Australia asuka eHawaii ukulawula izinambuzane zikamoba. Ekudingisweni, akwazile ukuzalela, kwathi ngo-Agasti 1935 akhululwa ngaphezulu kwama-3,000 ubuhlalu obuncane emasimini asenyakatho neQueensland. Ngokumelene nezinambuzane, iminyaka yaphenduka ukungasebenzi (ngoba bathola enye inyamazana), kepha ngokushesha baqala ukwandisa amanani abo futhi basakazeka, bafika emngceleni weNew South Wales ngo-1978 neNorthern Territory ngo-1984. Njengamanje, umngcele wokusabalalisa walezi zinhlobo e-Australia udluliselwa eningizimu nasentshonalanga ngamakhilomitha angama-25 unyaka ngamunye.

Ama-amphibians anda ngokweqile asongela kakhulu ukwahlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo e-Australia.

Njengamanje, yebo, kunomthelela omubi kwizilwane zase-Australia, ukudla, ukukhukhumala nokubangela ubuthi bezilwane zomdabu. Izisulu zayo yizinhlobo zasendaweni zabase-amphibians kanye nezikhala zezilwane zasolwandle, kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezingandile. Ukusakazeka kwe-aga kuhlotshaniswa nokwehla kwenani lezindawo zokuhlala ezinamabala, kanye nezikhala ezinkulu nezinyoka (izinyoka ezibulalayo nezinezinyoka, i-echidna emnyama). Zibuye zonakalise nezidleke zezinyosi, zichithe izinyosi zezinyosi. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zizingela ngempumelelo lezi zitha, kubandakanya negwababa lase-Australia kanye namakati amnyama. Izindlela zokubhekana ne-aga azikakhiwa, yize kunesiphakamiso sokusebenzisa izintuthwane zenyama ngale njongo ( Iridomyrmex aimureus ) .

Amaqiniso athakazelayo nge-toad aga

Lezi zingxobo zatholakala eziqhingini zaseHawaii, kwathi ngeminyaka engama-30 zathuthwa zivela eziqhingini zayiswa e-Australia ngenhloso yokuqeda izinambuzane zezolimo. Namuhla zibangela ukulimala okukhulu kwezilwane zase-Australia, ngoba zinika ubuthi ezilwaneni ezingakwazi ukuzivikela ebuthini bazo futhi zidonsa ezinye ubuhlalu.

I-Toad aga ingelinye lamaphaphu akhula kakhulu e-amphibian.

Ezikhumbeni zaseNingizimu Melika iBufo marinus, kukhipha i-enzyme yesikhumba esikhunjeni. Empeleni, kufana ne-LSD yezidakamizwa. Isimo esidakisayo sicaphukisa i-bufotenin, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwesikhashana. Ngesikhathi kuvubukulwa idolobha lasendulo likaMeyi eMexico, inqwaba yezinsalela zalezi zandla zatholakala eduze kwezindonga zethempeli.

Kukholakala ukuthi iMayans ithole ubuthi obuvela ezinqwini hhayi ngenhloso yokuwabulala, kodwa ukuze ithole umphumela we-hallucinogenic. Babesebenzisa le nto eyi-narcotic emicikilweni yenkolo lapho benza imihlatshelo yabantu. Ngasikhathi sinye, isisulu uqobo kanye nayo yonke eminye amasiko bebengaphansi kwethonya lomuthi.

AmaNdiya asuka entshonalanga neColombia agcobhoze amakhanda kulobuthi. AmaShayina asebenzisa lobu buthi njengomuthi kwezokwelapha.

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