Ngaphandle, zingahluka kakhulu komunye nomunye ngobukhulu nangokwakheka komzimba, nangombala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo eziningi zokuhlobisa ezingatholakali endle, ezinjengefomu le-albino noma izinhlobo eziguquliwe zofuzo (izinhlanzi ezikhanyayo), ziye zalungiswa. Umehluko phakathi kowesilisa nowesifazane awubalulekile, ngakho-ke, kunzima kakhulu ukuhlukanisa komunye nomunye.

Ukuziphatha

Zingezomhlambi nezinhlobo zamaselula kakhulu, zisebenzisana ngentshiseko nomakhelwane e-aquarium. Ukuziphatha okunjalo kude kakhulu kubo bonke abangathanda, ngakho-ke, kufanelekile ukugwema ukwaba izinhlanzi ezihamba kancane nezincane. Engcupheni kukhona nalabo abanamaphiko amade - AmaBarbus ajwayele ukubaluma noma ukubalimaza. Ukuhambisana okuhle kubhekwa nezinye izinhlobo zeselula neze nonya.

Iminyaka eminingi, lezi zinhlanzi zigcinwe ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini futhi ziye zajwayela ngempumelelo indawo yokufakelwa. Abafuni ekudleni, bayemukela okuphakelayo okuthandwa kakhulu ngobumnandi, bangaphila kuphela ekudleni kokudla okwomile (okusanhlamvu, okugayiwe). Idizayini nayo ayinandaba kangako, into esemqoka ukuthi kufanele kube nesikhala esanele sokubhukuda kwikholamu yamanzi. Ama-barbs akhetha ukuthambisa, ukuthambisa namanzi acwebile kanye nokukhanya okukhanyayo.

Ukuzala

Ukuzala kabusha kwenzeka njalo uma amaBarbus agcinwa ezimweni ezifanele futhi abesilisa nabesifazane abaningi abavuthiwe ngokobulili kanyekanye e-aquarium. Ngesikhathi sokuhluma, amaqanda asakazeka ngokungenasisekelo emgodini ongaphansi komhlaba futhi kusukela kulowo mzuzu kuqhubeke baba ngamadivaysi abo. Imvelo yomzali ayakhiwa, ngakho-ke izinhlanzi ezindala kwesinye isikhathi zidla ngokwazo imbiza.

Izici zokugcina emanzini

• Ukushisa - 19-25C.
• I-Acidity - 6.5-7.5 pH.
• Ubulukhuni - 4-10 dH.

Amabhaluni izinhlanzi ezithanda ukugeleza, ngakho-ke kufanele zifake isihlungi ne-aerator e-aquarium. Ukuvuselelwa kwamanzi kwenziwa njalo ngeviki, kufaka ivolumu ¼.
Ukuze uthole ukuzola nokuzethemba kwenhlanzi e-aquarium etshalwe izihlahla zezimila. Akufanele sikhathazeke ngezimpande zezimbali ezingaphansi kwamanzi - izinhlanzi azinandaba nenhlabathi, kepha zingawunca amahlamvu aluhlaza. Izitshalo ezingatheneki zamabha:

• I-Anubias ne-cryptocoryne.
• IVallisneria ne-echinodorus.
• I-Arrowsman ne-Elodea.
• Amaphutha

Ngaphansi kwe-aquarium kufakwe umhlabathi - ungathatha amatshe amatshe, udwala noma isihlabathi somfula coarse. Ukukhanyiselwa kusetshenziselwe ukulinganisela, ngoba ama-barbs ayizinhlanzi ezingathandi ukukhanya okukhanyayo. Ukuze wenze mnyama i-aquarium, kusetshenziswa izitshalo ezintantayo.

Ukondla

Kungakhathalekile ukuthi zinhloboni, bonke abamele lolu hlobo bahlukaniswa wukudla kwabo okuhle, futhi bayakujabulela ukudla lokho okunikezwa ngumnikazi. Imenyu ifaka:

• Ukudla okwenziwe ngegiya kukaKarlpov.
• Uhlobo lokudla olubukhoma nolweqhwa: i-bloodworm, daphnia, ishubhu.
• Ukudla okuyimifino - okunikezwe njengesengezo sokudla.

Izilwane ezifuywayo zondliwa ngezingxenye ezincane, ngoba ama-phenotypes athambekele ekudambeni kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi ukudla kudliwayo kuyahlukahluka, kanye kanye emavikini angama-1-2 ukuhlela usuku lokuzila ukudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo. Ngemuva kokudla, izinsalela zokuphakelayo zisuswa masinyane ukuze zingacasuki zibolile futhi kukhishwe izinto eziyingozi emanzini.

Ukuvumelana

Amalungu amaningi ohlobo lwezinhlobo ezinobungane futhi agile, kwesinye isikhathi okuluhlaza. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ama-barbs awalwi ukulwa okuxakile, njengokulwa kwabesilisa, kwesinye isikhathi izilwane ezifuywayo zithola omakhelwane bazo ngaphandle kokuhlupheka, zibaxoshe bazungeze i-aquarium. Awukwazi ukuvela ngamabibi enhlanzi enamaphini amade, ngaphandle kwalokho izokhiwa, kanye nabamele abanamahloni nabancane. Omakhelwane abahle yile:

• I-Botsi ne-tetras.
• ULabeo noDanio.
• I-Pecilia ne-cichlomas.
• Ama-Gurams nezinkemba - kwesinye isikhathi ubunzima kungenzeka.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izinhlanzi azithathwa njengezilwane ezidla inyama, ngokubukeka kukaFry echibini lokufakelwa, izilwane ezifuywayo ziyajabula ngokuthola isidlo ngezingane. Lapho ukhetha omakhelwane, umuntu kufanele acabangele ukuhlangana kwe-barbus kolunye noma kolunye uhlobo.

Ama-Barbs

Phakathi kwezinhlanzi ze-aquarium, abamele uhlobo i-barbus (IBarbus noma Ubaba) bacebile ngokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo. Okungenani izinhlobo eziyi-15 zama-barbs ayizakhamizi ezivamile zasemanzini. Ngokwemvelo, ahlala ezindlini zaseNingizimu naseNingizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia, e-Afrika naseYurophu.

Izinhlobo ziyahlukahluka ngosayizi, umbala, nezinye izici eziningi, okuyinto ngokungangabazeki ezinegalelo ekuthandweni kwazo phakathi kwezazi zasemanzini. Okunye futhi ukuthi ukungathobeki kwabo, basheshe bazivumelanise nezimo zokuboshwa. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, empeleni abaguli (ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukwelashwa akubeki izinkinga ezikhethekile).

Ibar striped (Puntius fasciatus) endaweni yayo yemvelo

Ngokuziphatha, bakhuthele kakhulu, bafunda izinhlanzi. Noma iyiphi i-aquarium lapho kuvela khona umhlambi wamakhambi ngokushesha ugcwala impilo namandla.

Emanzini, ungathola kaningi i-sumatran barbus (Puntius tetrazona), emazweni akhuluma isiNgisi aziwa njenge-brindle (Isigaxa se-Tiger).

Lezi yizikole ezikhanyayo zemihlambi, bonke ubukhazikhazi bawo obungabongwa uma bugcinwe ezikoleni ezinkulu ezindaweni ezinamanzi amaningi. Ezikoleni ezincane (ngabantu abangaphansi kwama-7-8 abantu) bathambekele ebuketheni futhi bangalimaza iminjunju yezinhlanzi ezihamba kancane.

Upende womzimba okhanyayo nge-tint ebomvu ngokubomvu. Imivimbo emine emnyama edlulayo idlula emzimbeni, okuvezwa igama lesiLatini P. tetrazona (kusuka ku-lat. i-tetra - abane futhi izas - Imivimbo). I-dorsal fin imnyama ngomngcele obomvu, amaphiko asele abomvu. Abesilisa bagqamile kunabesifazane futhi bancanyana ngosayizi.

Ngo-1967, kwavezwa ifomu le-albino leSumatran barbus embukisweni eMoscow.

Ngo-1977, ukuhluka kombala okuthakazelisayo kweSumatran barbus - i-mossy barbus, noma i-mutant barbus.

Kulezi zinhlanzi, ngenxa yokushintshwa kwezakhi zofuzo, ububanzi bamabhande amnyama banda kakhulu ekuhlanganiseni kwabo ngokugcwele.

Ezindongeni zaseBorneo, iSingapore ihlala ngokufana ngombala ne-Sumatran barbus - i-barbusukushaya umoya (UBarbus everetti), imivimbo emnyama eyethulwa ngendlela yamabala achazwe kahle.

Umzimba wenhlanzi ubude bawo, ungafinyelela ku-10 cm. Kuqukethe imicu emihlanjini yabantu abayisithupha enezinhlanzi ezilinganayo. Njengama-barb amaningi, ayasebenza futhi ayagxuma.

Kutholakala emachibini asehlathini aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia barbus ezinemigqa emihlanu (Barbus pentazona),, njengoba negama lisho, inemivimbo emihlanu emnyama edlulayo.

Kubukeka ngathi ushaka - ibhola loshaka (Balantiocheilus melanopterus), ngenani eliphakeme le-dorsal kanye nomzimba omude owenziwe isishubhu.

Umbala womzimba uyisiliva, amaphiko amhlophe qwa ngombala omnyama. Ngokwemvelo, bahlala emifuleni nasemachibini aseningizimu ye-Southeast Asia, iSumatra, iBorneo futhi angakhula afike kuma-35 cm. Okwamanje, abhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu njengohlobo olusengozini. Kuyathengiswa kuvela ukulima kwezinhlanzi eThailand nase-Indonesia.

Yize ifana nomhlaseli, ihlukaniswa isimo sayo sokuthula nokuzesaba. Lapho zigcinwa e-aquariums zidinga indawo enkulu yamahhala yokubhukuda. Bangakwazi ukuphuma emanzini, ngakho-ke i-aquarium kumele imbozwe. E-aquarium ejwayelekile, asondelene nenhlanzi, incane kakhulu ngosayizi.

Cherry barbus (Barbus titteya), njengoba negama lisho, ihlukaniswa ngombala obomvu omnyama, ukuthola umfutho omkhulu kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuqhuma.

Ngokwemvelo kutholakala emifuleni ebomvu, ehamba kancane nemifudlana eSri Lanka. Afinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha ayi-5. Emanzini ase-Europe, ama-barb ama-cherry avela maphakathi nawo-1930s, eRussia ngawo-1950s. Ngokwemvelo, kuyinhlanzi ethanda ukuthula, ukusebenzelana kahle nezinye izakhamizi zasemanzini.

Oqanjwe ukuhlonipha umbusi wedolobha laseMadras (India) uW. T. Denison - uqhakazile futhi emibalabala - i-denison barbus (Puntius denisonii),, uvele kuma-aquariums kuphela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1990s, okubangelwa ubukhulu bunzima bokuzala kwezithunjwa, futhi ngenxa yalokho, inani eliphakeme kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ikhula ibe ngu-15 cm, etholakala emifuleni esheshayo nasemifudlaneni eseningizimu yeNdiya.

Umzimba weDenison barbus unombala wesiliva-wegolide, umucu omnyama welula umugqa we-lateral, lapho kudlula khona umucu obomvu, uphenduka umucu ophuzi ophuzi. Emgqonyeni we-caudal, imivimbo emnyama nphuzi. Lapho igcinwa e-aquarium, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi lezi zinhlanzi zithanda imizimba yamanzi enomoya-mpilo, ngakho-ke kudingeka i-aeration. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunconywa ukudala wamanje omncane ku-aquarium.

ENingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, emifuleni ecacile enamatshe angaphansi, kwatholakala isiphambano se-barbus (IBarbuskamvaistriga).

Le yinhlanzi ende ne-arched emuva encane. Emvelweni akhula aze afike ku-17 cm (kuma-aquariums - aze afike ku-15 cm), ngakho-ke adinga ama-aquarium amakhulu ukusuka kumalitha ayi-150 ukuze anakekelwe. Ngokubukeka, isici esibonakalayo yimivimbo emnyama: ubude obude kanye nokudlula okumbili, bakha iphethini efana nesiphambano. Lapho zigcinwa emanzini okwabiwe kuwo, angaxosha izinhlanzi ezincane. Uma kunengozi, bazama ukumba bangene emhlabathini, okufanele kukhunjulwe lapho betshala izitshalo ze-aquarium.

Ibarbus enjenge-bar (Puntius schwanenfeldii) kungenye into emele ama-barbs, akhula afike kuma-35 cm. Ahluka emzimbeni obunjwe ngamadayimane ngenhlawulo ephakeme ye-dorsal. Umbala wemvelo uyisiliva nge-tint yegolide.

Njengamanje sekwenziwe ukwehluka kwemibala eminingana, isibonelo: igolide, ama-albino. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imibala yemvelo nayo ingahluka ngombala wesikali namapheya.

Emvelweni, amabha abunjwe ngotshani atholakala emifuleni nasemifudlaneni eseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia nase-Indonesia; angena ezindaweni ezinwebekile ukuze ahlume.

Lapho ukhetha i-aquarium okufanele igcinwe, umuntu kufanele acabangele usayizi wezinhlanzi, kanye nokufunda kwazo - lapho zigcinwa zodwa, ama-barbs aba nolaka noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, abe namahloni. Ama-cichlid amakhulu kanye ne-catfish kufanelekile komakhelwane bomhlambi wamabha abunjwe ngotshani.

ENdiya kunenhlanzi encane (efinyelela ku-5 cm) enhle - I-barbus yelanga (UBarbus gelius).

Emifuleni ethambile, phakathi kwamathanga aminyene, lezi zinhlanzi zihlangana emihlambini emikhulu. Ngaphandle kombala wegolide eliqhakazile, lolu hlobo lwe-barbus lwalungathandwa ekuqaleni phakathi kwabezasekhaya, kodwa eminyakeni yamuva beluvuselelwa ngenkuthalo kubafuyi abazimele.

Omunye omelele amaNdiya ama-barbs - i-barbel filamentosus (I-Barbus filamentosus) - inhlanzi eshukumisayo, ethanda ukuthula, efunda isikole, enendawo emnyama enesici eduze nomsila.

Emajukeni, amabhende anqobayo ayabonakala, anyamalala ngobudala.

Esiqhingini saseSri Lanka emifuleni yehlathi esheshayo kune-barbus enombala omnyama omnyama - umgqomo omnyama (I-Puntius nigrofasciatus).

Izici ezinemibala zenza lezi zinhlanzi zithandwe kakhulu phakathi kwezazi zasemanzini. Kwethulwa eRussia ngonyaka we-1954. Ngokufaka umthunzi, izinhlanzi ziyaqhakaza kukho konke ukusebenza kwazo, futhi umhlambi omnyama obomvu ohambayo ngokuqinisekile uyohlobisa noma iyiphi i-aquarium.

Ngokuhlala eChina naseVietnam, kwatholakala i-barbus encane futhi yachazwa nguThomas Schubert. Umbala wemvelo une-tint eluhlaza okotshani. Ngesikhathi sokukhethwa, uT. Schubert wakwazi ukuthola umbala wegolide omuhle kakhulu, owaletha ukuthandwa kwale nhlanzi phakathi kwabezasemanzini. Emanzini aseRussia avele engxenyeni yesibili yama-1950s.

Yindlela yegolide I-Schubert barbus (I-Barbus semifasciolatus) isiyatholakala ezindaweni zasemanzini emhlabeni wonke.

Imifula emikhulu esheshayo yaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ihlalwa yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi yibarbus yomfula, ushaka wegolide, noma Haveney Leptobarbus (Leptobarbus hoevenii ).

Le yinhlanzi enkulu, ezimweni zemvelo ifinyelela ku-100 cm (kuze kufike ku-50 cm kuma-aquariums). Lapho igcinwa e-aquarium, ihlukaniswa ngokukhuthazela, futhi uma kunendawo eyanele yokubhukuda, ayenzi ubunzima obukhethekile ekunakekelweni.

Ezinye izinhlobo zama-barbs: ezejwayelekile, amakhanda amafushane futhi Umgabeli wecala lobugebenguzitholakala endaweni yaseRussia.

Kodwa ngokungazihlukanisi ngokubukeka okukhethekile, abanasithakazelo ekugcinweni kwe-aquarium.

Izinhlanzi ze-Aquarium - ama-barbs ngo-assortment ebanzi afakwa ku-zoo yethu eyinkimbinkimbi.

Izidingo zamanzi

Izinga lokushisa elifanele lokuba khona kwalezi zinhlanzi liphephile kusuka kuma-20 kuye kwangama-25 degrees.

I-aquarium igcwele amanzi ompompi axazululiwe. Amanzi empompo amasha awalungile ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwe-chlorine ehamba ngemuva kokuzinza ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Indawo ephakathi nendawo enemanzi ivuselelwa ngezikhathi ezithile futhi igcwala umoya-mpilo kusetshenziswa i-aerator.

Izidingo zenhlabathi

Inhlabathi enombala omnyama ibekwe ngaphansi kwe-aquarium ngamabha. Isizinda esinjalo sizogqamisa ngempumelelo imibala ekhanyayo yezinhlanzi, ezihlukile kuhlobo ngalunye. Akufanele kube nezitshalo eziningi e-aquarium: kwinkampani yamaselula ne-nimble yamabarb, isikhala kubalulekile. Akudingekile ukusebenzisa inhlabathi egcwele udayi wamakhemikhali, kungcono ukuthatha imvelo (amatshe amatshe, i-basalt, amatshe) osayizi omncane kusuka 3 kuya ku-7 mm. Izinhlayiya zenhlabathi akufanele zibe nemiphetho ebukhali ukuze izinhlanzi zingalimali. Ekhoneni le-aquarium ungahlela ekhoneni le-algae - kule ndawo, ngezinye izikhathi izinhlanzi zithanda ukucasha.

Yini ukondla barbus

Ama-barbs awakhethi ngokudla; ​​lezi zidalwa zingabizwa nge-omnivorous ngokuzethemba. Amamenyu abo angafaka i-Daphnia ebukhoma, ama-cyclops, abenzi bamapayipi kanye nama-gerworms. Lezi zokugcina zinikezwa ngisho nangefomu eqandisiwe. Okondla izinhlanzi, kuhlanganiswa izingxube nge-daphnia eyomile, bese kusetshenziswa okuphakelayo okwenziwe ngomshini wefekthri. AmaBarbus athande ukwenza inzuzo ezitshalweni futhi uma ukudla kwezitshalo kunganele kubo, khona-ke baqala ukudla okuluhlaza okwenziwe emanzini.

Izinkinga zokugaya

Ama-barbs ahlala ehlupheka ngokweqile - angadla okuningi njengoba ubanikeza. Imvamisa izinhlanzi ezingazazi izinyathelo zokudla, ziba ngaphezulu komzimba bese zifa. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi uma umuntu eba nenhlanzi endala, kwanele ukudla inani elinjalo lokudla, okuyi-2-3% yesisindo salo. Kanye ngesonto, kuhlelwa “usuku lokuthumela umthwalo” kubantu base-aquarium, okungukuthi, abondli nhlobo.

Izifo ze-ectoparasitic

AmaBarbas asabela ngokushesha ezintweni ezinobuthi ezivezwa yizilwanyane ezincane eziluhlaza ezihlaselayo. Kulokhu, izifo ze-ectoparasitic zenzeka. Kulesi sifo, kusetshenziswa i-bicillin-5 powder, encibilikiswa emanzini e-aquarium ngesilinganiso samayunithi angama-500,000 ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Inkambo yokwelashwa izinsuku eziyi-6. Ungasebenzisa i-biomycin. Ukwelashwa kwe-1,3- 1.5 g yesidakamizwa kuyoncibilika emanzini ayi-100 njalo ezinsukwini ezi-6 kuye kweziyi-7 ngenyanga.

Gill bola

Ukubola kwe-gill kubhekwa njengesifo esibuhlungu kakhulu samakhambi. Ukutheleleka kuthinta imithambo ye-gill nemithambo yegazi, kubenze babole futhi bacekele phansi. Inhlanzi egulayo iyenqaba ukudla futhi ihlala ihlala esicongweni se-aquarium, ngezikhathi ezithile ihle iye ezansi. Ekuqaleni kwesifo, kusetshenziswa i-rivanol ne-griseofulvin. Imithi ihlanjululwe endaweni yemvelo ye-aquarium ngokwemiyalo.

Ukubukeka kwezinhlanzi nezinhlobonhlobo

Isilinganiso esilinganiselwe samabha abantu abadala singamasentimitha angama-6-7. Umzimba omncane ophuzi ophuzi-wesiliva uhlotshiswe ngemivimbo emnyama eqonde ngqo. Owesilisa ubonakala ngomngcele obomvu ogqamile eceleni komphetho we-dorsal, caudal kanye ne-anal fin.

Kancane ukuveza okuncane, futhi okubomvu (kwesinye isikhathi umbala onjalo ungahle ungabikho ngokuphelele), amaphiko owesifazane anombala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-barbus yowesifazane mkhulu kakhulu kunowesilisa.

Uma sikhuluma ngokukhethwa, kuvumela ama-aquarists ukuthola imibala ehlukahlukene yale nhlanzi. Isibonelo, kwibarbus eguqukayo etholwe ngale ndlela, umbala wengxenye enkulu yomzimba uluhlaza okotshani we-emerald.

Lapho uvakashela izitolo zezilwane nezimakethe emadolobheni aseRussia, uvame ukuthola izinhlobo ezilandelayo ze-barbus:

Izici ezijwayelekile zezinhlanzi

Igama leSumatran barbus (i-Puntius tetrazona, iBarbus tetrazona) lihlotshaniswa nendawo yendawo yayo yemvelo - isiqhingi saseSumatra. Lezi cyprinid zesikole zinombala obukhumbulekayo kakhulu: ukubukeka komzimba wazo kungombala ophuzi wegolide noma isiliva ngombala, onama-gill afanelekile aqine ahlukanisa imigwaqo emnyama emile mpo. I-sumatranus encane, njengoba ibizwa njalo ngesinye isikhathi, ifinyelela usayizi lapho igcinwa endaweni engamanzi amasentimitha ayi-6,5-7, ifana namawundlu amancanyana amancane. Ngokulungiswa okufanele nokudla okunempilo, izilwane ezifuywayo ezinjalo zizophila iminyaka emine, yize kwesinye isikhathi kunezethenjwa zamanani aphezulu. Umthamo omncane ovunyelwe we-aquarium wokugcina iqembu lezinhlanzi ngamalitha angama-30.

Amarabha weSumatran adume ngemibala yomzimba, ehluke kakhulu komunye nomunye. Phakathi kwazo, kunezindlela ezingama-albino nezama-mutant (eziluhlaza). Okuthakazelisa okwesibili kulezi zinhlobo: umzimba wezinhlanzi awunemivimbo emnyama ejwayelekile, kodwa ubukeka ucishe ube monotonous futhi une-tint eluhlaza okotshani.

I-demorphism yezocansi ivezwa njengobuthakathaka, ngakho-ke kunzima kakhulu ukusho ukuthi ungahlukanisa kanjani owesilisa nowesilisa ngaphambi kokufika eminyakeni yobudala. Ngonyaka, izinguquko ekubukekeni zibonakala zinamandla ngokwengeziwe, futhi kuba lula ukwahlukanisa. Abesilisa bancanyana ngosayizi futhi bomile ngokomthethosisekelo; ngesikhathi sokuhlanza, ekhaleni labo liphenduka ubomvu o-orange. Insikazi ingahlukaniswa ngumzimba omkhulu nesisu esiyindilinga, kwesinye isikhathi esigcwaliswa yi-caviar.

Indaba

I-Sumatran barbus yathola incazelo yayo yokuqala ngo-1855. Yenziwe ngu ichthyologist P. Blecker. Kwabe sekwenzeka uchungechunge lwemicimbi ethokozisayo. Umahluko weminyaka emi-2 ngemuva kosuku olubonisiwe, usosayensi ofanayo wachaza inhlanzi ehluke ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwegama elifanayo. Futhi wabe eseshintsha igama lalowo ochazwe okokuqala, edida wonke umuntu onentshisekelo.

Lokhu kunganembi kwaqashelwa kuze kube yiminyaka yama-30 yekhulu lama-20, lapho igama elaphila kuze kufike ezinsukwini zethu lalilotshwe izakhamizi zasemanzini.

Okokuqala, ama-barbs njengezinhlanzi zasemanzini avela eYurophu (lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1935), kwathi eminyakeni eyishumi nambili kamuva nawo alethwa eRussia.

Ibaratus yaseSumatran ayithembeki kakhulu ekunakekelweni futhi ayidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Lezi izinhlanzi ezifunda isikole ezikhetha ukuhola izimpilo zazo ezingajwayelekile, okungcono ezindaweni zamanzi eziphakathi kwe-aquarium. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi elifanele kakhulu kubo yi-23 degrees, plus / minus one noma amabili degrees.

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ama-barbs asheshe ajwayele ukufakelwa kwesinye isitsha, ngokuhlala enesifiso esihle sokudla, futhi futhi azivumelanise kahle nokuphila emanzini abandayo (kusuka kuma-degrees ayi-16).

Ukuhlelwa kwe-aquarium yama-sumatranus akudingi ukuthengwa nokusetshenziswa kwanoma iyiphi imishini ekhethekile, ngaphandle kwesihlungi ne-aerator.

Naphezu kobukhulu bawo obuncane, izakhamizi zase-aquarium ezinemizimba zinesifiso sokudla esinamahloni, zidla konke ukudla okukhona: kusuka ekuxubeni okukhethekile nokudla owomile ukuze uphile futhi uqandwe iqhwa.

Ngokwesisekelo esiyisibopho, ama-Sumatran barbs kufanele athole ukudla kwezitshalo, okunomthelela ekushiseni ngokushesha kilojoule, kunciphisa ingozi yokukhuluphala kanye nokuvela kwezifo ezithile.

Umthamo omncane we-aquarium odingekayo ukugcina umhlambi omncane wabantu abangu-5-7 ngamalitha angama-30. Noma iyiphi into ehlongozwayo ilungile njengomhlabathi: isihlabathi, amatshe amatshe amatshe ahlanzekile, amatshe okuhlobisa, njll.

Ezempilo

Ngaphandle kokuqukethwe okulungile kwale zinhlobo zezinhlanzi, ziyagula njalo. Imbangela evame kakhulu ukunakekelwa okungafanele. Ama-Barbus athambekele ekudla ngokweqile futhi athole isisindo esisheshayo, okuyisisusa sezifo eziningi ezihlobene nokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic.

Isimo lapho i-sumatranus inyusa amathuba e-pathologies ahlukahlukene, iba ukuwela eduze. Kulesi simo, izembozo ze-gill zingashiya, abantu abanokuhlukumezeka kwamehlo (abangenamehlo), abanomsebenzi omile kanye nokwakheka kwamaphini, bangazalwa. Kungakho ngenqubo yokuzala kabusha kunconywa ukusebenzisa ama-barbs avela emigqeni ehlukene yokuzalela, futhi ungasebenzisi abakhiqizi abatholakale ku-aquarium yabo.

Lapho uxoxa ngempilo yamaSaratran barb, kuyadingeka ukusho izifo ezithathelwanayo, kanye nalezo ezibangelwa isikhunta namagciwane. Ukwelashwa kwezifo ezinjengale kulezi zinhlanzi akunangqondo ethile futhi kwenzeka ngokwesikimu esivame ukusetshenziswa ezimweni ezinjalo.

Ezweni

Indawo yemvelo yama-barbs yizichibi zemashi zase-Afrika, imifula evilaphayo yaseNingizimu, eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Lezi zakhamuzi ezingaphansi kwamanzi zithanda ukuzalanisa ezindaweni ezinokuthula emuva, amadamu anephansi nodaka nezitshalo ezakha indawo yokukhosela.

Ukutholakala kokuqala kwezinhlanzi ezihlotshiswe nge-ray zomndeni wama-cyprinid zohlobo lwe-Fire Barbus kutholakala kumarekhodi wesazi sokuma komhlaba kanye nesazi sezilwane saseScotland uFrancis Hamilton, wango-1822. Ibaratus yaseSumatran, izwe lakubo okuyiziqhingi zaseKalimantan, eSumatra, yaqala yachazwa yisichologistologist waseDashi uPeter Bleker ngemuva kweminyaka engama-30.

Ukufuywa kwezinhlanzi okwenziwa ngabasubathi baseYurophu kusukela ngo-1935, i-barbel ifike eRussia maphakathi nekhulu le-XX.

Uma, ngokuqukethwe kwe-aquarium, ezifuywayo ngokwesilinganiso zifinyelela kubude be-4-10 cm, khona-ke ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo izinhlobo ezinkulu zama-barbs zikhula zize zibe ngu-30 ukuya ku-35- cm. I-Dimorphism ishiwo ngokucacile. Izinsikazi zikhulu kunabesilisa, ngombala okhanyayo ongaphansi. Njengawo wonke ama-cyprinid, ku-barbus, amazinyo emihlathi athathelwa indawo yi-pharyngeal, kanti isinyezi esisheshayo sixhunywe emathunjini. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi, amadevu akhula ngaphezu kwe-lip ephezulu, okuchazwa ngegama lesibili - i-barbel. Ngenxa yemishini yeWeberian, izinhlanzi zinquma ingcindezi.

Amabha agcinwa emihlambini, ahamba njalo, kuvame ukuhlukunyezwa ukuze izinhlanzi zihambe kancane.

Njengomphumela womsebenzi wokufuya, kanye “namaqhubu” ezinhlobo ezinokuthula kwadalwa.

Umbala wesikali ngu-monophonic, uthingo olunamabala ahlukile, imivimbo. Ngokwakhiwa kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokunakekelwa nokunakekelwa okufanele, izinhlobo ezincane zezinhlanzi ziphila iminyaka engama-3-4, abamele izinhlobo ezinkulu baphila iminyaka eyi-6 kuya kwengama-10.

Izici nendawo yokuhlala ye-barbus

Endle i-fish barbus Ungahlangana kalula ezitolo zaseNingizimu naseMpumalanga ye-Asia, e-Afrika nase China. Bahlangana ezikoleni ezinkulu kakhulu, ezibavumela ukuba bazingele ezinye izinhlanzi ngendlela ehamba phambili.

Ama-barbs awathobeki ngokuphelele ebulukhuni, acidity nakwezinye izingxenye zamanzi, ngakho-ke azizwa ekhululekile kakhulu emifuleni nakwezinye izidumbu zamanzi, nasemanzini asekhaya.

Kungenxa yangempela yamakhono abo agqamile okuguquguqukayo okuthi namuhla ama-barbs abambe isikhundla esiphambili ngokuthandwa phakathi kwabafuyi bezinhlanzi zasemanzini emhlabeni wonke.

Ngu isithombe se-barbus kunganqunywa ukuthi le nhlanzi ayifani ngobukhulu obumangazayo, futhi osayizi bayo buhlukahluka ngamasentimitha ayisithupha kuya kwayisikhombisa. Umzimba uyisicaba impela, umbala ungahlukahluka ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, kusukela kwesiliva ophuzi kuya kokuluhlaza okotshani noma okotshani.

Isici esihlukile sombala we-barbus yimivimbo emibili emnyama eqonde mpo. Abesilisa banomngcele obomvu okhanyayo ngasemaphethelweni we-anal, caudal kanye nama-dorsal fins. Ibarbus yowesifazane imvamisile ukwedlula eyeduna, kanti futhi amaphiko ayo anemibala ebomvu ebonakalayo.

Ukunakekelwa nokugcinwa

Kwama-barbs amancane, kutholakala i-aquarium enxande ka-50-70 l, inqobo nje uma umhlambi ungafaki abantu abangu-7. Uma kunezilwane ezifuywayo ezengeziwe, noma i-aquarium ihlotshiswe kahle: i-driftwood, amatshe, izitshalo ezinkulu, khona-ke ukuze ulondolozwe kahle uzodinga umthamo okungenani we-100. Isici esiyisisekelo sedamu yisivimba esivimba inhlanzi engenamfutho ukuba iphume ngaphandle.

Kusukela izinhlanzi ziphefumula umoya-mpilo oncibilikile kuphela emanzini, kuyadingeka i-aerator ngesilinganiso esilingana nosayizi womzimba wamanzi. Ukunakekelwa okuyingxenye kwe-aquarium kwenziwa ngesihlungi esihlanza amanzi ezinhlayiya ezimisiwe. Ngaphezu kwemisebenzi eyisisekelo, imishini yakha yamanje encane, ilethe okuqukethwe kwasekhaya kwamabha asondele emvelweni.

Amatshe amatshe amahle ayindilinga noma isihlabathi somfula sithululelwa ezansi kwendawo yokugcina, ukunakekelwa okubandakanya ukucwengwa ngezikhathi ezithile kwezinsalela zezinto eziphilayo yi-siphon. Kulula ukubheka umbala ogqamile wezilwane ezifuywayo ngokumelene nesizinda samathoni amnyama.

Imifino enamaqabunga alukhuni nezimpande eziqinile itshalwa eceleni kwezindonga zangemuva nangaseceleni, ishiye indawo ekhululekile yokuqondisa amabha phambi kwengilazi ebonakalayo. Njengoba izilwane ezifuywayo, lapho isibani sikhanyelwa kungazelelwe, zesaba ukukhanya okukhanyayo, ama-duckweed kanye nezinye izinhlobo ze-algae ezintantayo zigcinwa ebusweni.

Ukunakekela ichibi lasekhaya kuqukethe ushintsho lweviki lama-20% wevolo lamanzi ahlukanisiwe. Ngenkathi yokungcola nge-scraper basula izindonga zengilazi, bageze izitshalo nezinto zokuhlobisa, bese behlanza phansi.

Izinhlobo zama-barbs

UCherry Barbus Ihlukaniswa yisimo saso esinokulingana kanye nomlingiswa olinganiselayo. Akavamile ukunamathela komakhelwane, athathe ukudla kubo. Abamele lolu hlobo lokuthula banokuthula okukhulu.

Igama elinjalo lenhlanzi elingajwayelekile lanikezwa umbala ogqamile owesilisa, osele ngenkathi uqhuma. Amabha anombala we-Cherry mncane kakhulu kunabalingani abaluhlaza, futhi imizimba yawo inesimo se-oval.

I-Imaged is barbus

Phakathi kwabanye izinhlobo zamabha ame aluhlaza. Abesifazane balolu hlobo bangafinyelela osayizi abahlaba umxhwele (kuze kufike amasentimitha ayisishiyagalolunye). Kanye nezakhi zayo ze-cherry, i-barbus eluhlaza inokuziphatha okuhle futhi okungelona ulaka. Kufanele zigcinwe eqenjini labantu ababalelwa kwabayisihlanu kuya kwabayisishiyagalombili.

Esithombeni, inhlanzi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eluhlaza

Ibarbus emnyama Namuhla kudume kakhulu phakathi kwabathandi bezinhlanzi zasemanzini baseRussia ngesizathu sokuthi yavela ezweni okokuqala ngekhulu lamashumi amabili. Ukuphonswa kweCaviar kwabamele le nhlobo kwenzeka ikakhulu ekuseni.

Esithombeni kukhona i-barbus emnyama

Shark barbus Inomzimba ophakeme wombala wensimbi-yesiliva. Naphezu kwegama layo elinamandla, inhlanzi iyazibekezelela izimo ezahlukahlukene ezicindezelayo kunokuba kabi. Ngakho-ke, kunconyelwa ukuthi emavikini okuqala empilo yezinhlanzi ezinjalo e-aquarium, zenzele izimo ezinethezekile kunazo zonke kubo ngaphandle kwemithombo yokukhathazeka.

Esithombeni kukhona i-barbus shark

Scarlet Barbus Kuqala ukuvela eNdiya, futhi igama lakhe libizwa ngokuhlukahluka kombala wakhe, ovela ngqo ngesikhathi sokuqhuma. Bahlukaniswa ngokuziphatha kwe-cocky ngokweqile, futhi umdlalo wabo abawuthandayo ugoqa imichilo yabo komakhelwane babo abahamba kancane.

Esithombeni kukhona i-barbus ebomvu

Ibarbus yomlilo eyaziwa nangokuthi puntius. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, abamele le nhlobo bangatholakala phakathi kwamachibi angajulile ngamanzi okuma noma ukugeleza okulinganiselwe okulinganiselwe.

Abesilisa banombala womnqumo onezinhlangothi ezibomvu nezigolide. Ngokungafani nemigoqo ebomvu, izihlobo zabo ezinomlilo zinokuthula okuningi futhi kuyaqabukela zihlasele omakhelwane bazo. Noma kunjalo, isifiso sabo sokudla sihle kakhulu, futhi badinga ukudla ngamanani amakhulu.

Esithombeni kuyinhlanzi enomlilo ovuthayo

I-Mossy barbus eqinisweni kungukuguquka komzimba onjenge-bream-like. Abesilisa bahluka kwabesilisa lapho kukhona amantshontsho amancane, nabesifazane, banobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele nemibala egqamile.

Ukuzalela izinhlanzi ezinje kunconyelwe ama-aquarists okuqala, ngoba yiwo azithoba kakhulu ekunakekelweni. Isimo sabo sinobungane impela, kepha badinga inani elikhulu lendawo yamahhala ezingxenyeni ezingezansi ze-aquarium, lapho bathanda ukuchitha khona isikhathi.

Esithombeni kukhona i-mossy barbus.

Isikhumba esimhlophe

Isifo se-bacterium sivezwa ngokuntuleka kombala wombala. Amabhuzu atholakala phezulu, nenhlavu ebunjiwe eyakhiwe ngaphandle. Izilwane ezifuywayo zenqaba ukudla, zilahlekelwe ngumsebenzi. Kwedimentimenter, kuthathwa isixazululo se-oxacillin 400 mg nge-10 l, izinhlanzi ezigulayo zitshalwa izinsuku ezingama-5. Ngemuva kokwelashwa, amabha abuyiselwa ku-aquarium ejwayelekile ye-disinfidal.

I-Aeromonosis

Ngenye indlela, lesi sifo sibizwa nge- rubella ngenxa yokwakheka kwamabala abomvu emzimbeni. Ukuthuthukiswa kwegciwane le-bacterium i-Aeromonas punktata eyethulwa ngama-gill kuyaqhubeka ngokuwohloka kwezindawo kube yizilonda, ukubola kwe-anal fin, nokuqhakaza. Izilwane ezifuywayo zihlala phezulu noma zilele phansi.

Abantu abangenwe yileli gumbi lokugeza elinamahora ayi-12 nge-synthomycin (800 mg ilitha elilodwa) noma chloramphenicol (300 mg ilitha elilodwa). Amayunithi ayizinkulungwane ezingama-50 e-bicillin-5 ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi afakwa ku-aquarium ejwayelekile isonto ngokushintshwa kwamanzi nsuku zonke okungu-10%.

Qeda ukubola

Ukungahambisani nombuso wokushisa, amanzi angcolile, ezinye izinkomba zokunakekelwa okungafanele, ukugcinwa kuholela ekuhlaselweni kwama-barbs yi-bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens. Izimpawu - Ukuqunjelwa kwamabala kube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukopha, amehlo anamafu, ukubola, kusukela emaphethelweni.

Ukwelashwa, izixazululo ze-tripaflavin, i-watercolor, iSera bactopur zisetshenziswa ngokuya ngemiyalo.

I-Columnariosis

Uma ikhala liphenduka laba bomvu kubha, kusho ukuthi ibhaktiriya iFlexibacter ikholaris, ehlala emhlabathini ongcolile, ingene emlonyeni. Izimpawu ezihambisanayo - imiphetho ebunjiwe yesikali, ukuqhuma kwezindawo ezimpunga ezikhula ngokushesha. Esigabeni sokugcina, amaphiko ayabola, izitho zangaphakathi ziyathinteka.

Esigabeni sokuqala, kufakwa ikhambi elibuthakathaka le-manganese ku-aquarium; kamuva kusetshenziswa i-phenoxyethanol, i-Ektol-Bak, kanye nama-antibhayoriki.

Ukuqhakaza

Isibonakaliso esibuhlungu njengokuqhakaza kwamathumbu esibeletho kubangelwa izizathu ezahlukahlukene:

• ukuvuvukala kwamathumbu ngenxa yokudla okungalungile,
• ukweqisa
• tapeworms
• bacterium Vibrio straillarum.,
• ukuqhakaza iMalawi noma i-Afrika,

Uma isisu sikhuphukile ngenxa yokungondleki, kukhethwa ukudla okuqinisekisiwe okuqinisekisiwe, bese kusetshenziswa izinsuku zokuzila. Ukwelashwa nge-fenbendazole kuqeda ukuhlaselwa kwe-helminthic.

I-Vibriosis, lapho ukuphefumula emzimbeni kuphenduka khona izilonda, kwelashwa ngamaphilisi okulwa namagciwane. IFurazolidone, iChloramphenicol noma iBactrim yengezwe ekudleni izinsuku eziyisithupha.

Ngokuqhakaza kwase-Afrika, ama-barbs ayaxoshwa, ngoba lesi sifo aselapheki.

Ukuvimbelwa kwezifo kubandakanya ukugcina izinhlanzi ngenani elanele lamanzi, ukudla okusezingeni elifanele, ukunakekelwa kwe-aquarium ngesikhathi esifanele.

ISumatran

Ubukhulu bezindlela zasendle zingamasentimitha ayi-7, lapho zigcinwa e-aquarium - ingabi ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-5. Imivimbo emnyama emine yeqa umzimba wegolide, eyokuqala edlula esweni, eyokugcina isezingeni lomsila. Amaphiko apendwe abomvu ngaphandle kwe-dorsal emnyama enomngcele obomvu.

Uhlobo obnoxious lwamabar eSumatran lwenza kube nzima ukululawula nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezihlobisa umhlobiso. Ukunakekelwa kuyinto ejwayelekile, hhayi enzima.

Umlilo

Inhlanzi ezalelwa eNdiya ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ifinyelela kubude obuyi-8 cm, abantu abahlala e-aquarium - 5. Umbala ovuthayo kanye nebala elimnyama ezansi komsila, kubukeka njengowesilisa, owesimame ophuzi noma omnqumo ngombala. Amarabha we-Fiery barbus awekho. I-solar barbus iyinhlobonhlobo yeveli yomlilo.

Ukunakekelwa, ukugcinwa nokukhiqizwa kabusha akunzima ngisho nakancane.

Schubert

Isikali sebarbus besilisa ecwazimulayo nayo yonke imibala yesibhakabhaka, umsila namachaphaza amachashazi ayimibala ebomvu edwetshwe ngentambo emnyama. Umzimba wowesifazane we-pearl wezingane ngaphansi kwengcindezi ushintsha umbala ube ngompunga ongalingani. Ubude bomzimba buyi-4-5 cm.

IBarhubert's barbus iba ngcono kunezinye izinhlobo nomakhelwane e-aquarium ejwayelekile.

Odessa

Leli gama lanikezwa ukuhlonipha idolobha lapho livela khona livela eVietnam laya eRussia.Ibarbus evuthayo yenza umuzwa phakathi kwabasolwandle ngenxa yomucu obomvu obomvu ogeleza eduze kwesifufula sesiliva.

Abamele zohlobo lwe-Odessa bayasebenza futhi banokuthula, kepha ukugcina ngokubambisana nezinhlobo zeveli akunconywa.

UCherry

Umugqa omnyama ohlukile uvula isikhathi eside ube ngumzimba obomvu, o-burgundy noma onemibala okusajingijolo obukhulu obungu-5 cm.

UBarbus Cherry uthanda ukukhanya okuhlakazekile, ukuhamba kancane, ama-diatoms, okumele anakwe lapho kugcinwa, unakekela izilwane ezifuywayo. Ihlala kahle nezakhamizi eziningi ezingaphansi kwamanzi.

Ipinki

Uhlobo oluncane lwase-Afrika olufika ku-3.5 cm ngosayizi .. Umbala wesikali upinki ophuzi. Amaphiko ayabonakala, ezinhlangothini zomzimba - amabala ama-3 amnyama.

Ama-barb apinki angenakhohlisa, alungele abathandi be-novice bokuphila kwe-aquarium ngenxa yobulula bokunakekela nokunakekela. Sisinda ekushiseni kwamanzi kwe + 17 ° C.

Ushaka (Baloo)

Izinhlanzi ezinkulu ezinezikali zesiliva namehlo amakhulu akhula afinyelela kuma-30 cm. Igama linikezwa ngenxa yokufana kwesimo esibonisiwe semigqomo ye-dorsal ne-analins kuya oshaka.

Naphezu kobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele nokuphila okusebenzayo, ama-Balu barbs anamahloni futhi adinga indawo yokukhosela. Izinhlanzi zizizwa zikhululekile uma amathishi aminyene etshalwe endaweni ebanzi yasemanzini. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele kanye nokunakekelwa kweShark, ama-barbs aphila iminyaka eyi-10.

Ama-mutants

I-plumage yenhlanzi imnyama ngomngcele obomvu. Kepha okuthakazelisa kakhulu umbala womzimba, kufaka phakathi imibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ne-lilac violet eshintsha lapho kukhipha ukukhanya kwelanga okuwela esikalini. Ukwakheka komzimba we-mutant barbus kufana ne-Sumatran barbus. Kuleli fomu lokuzalela, ukungatheleleki kuyancipha. Kuvame ukudidaniswa ne-barbus eluhlaza, yize ngaphandle kwalezi zinhlobo kuhluke ngokuphelele.

I-Scarlet (Tikto)

Izakhamizi ezingaphansi kwamanzi ezivela eHindustan zithanda imifula nemifudlana enodaka, ezansi kwayo zithola ukudla. Abesilisa bapendwe ngombala obomvu obukhulu, izikali zezinsikazi ziba ngumbala - opinki noma obomvu. Eduze kwama-gill kanye naphansi komsila, kuyabonakala ukuthi ukufakwa kwe-volumetric emnyama kuyabonakala.

Amaphoyinti wesibabazo

Ukuvela kwalolu hlobo lwamabha kuhlanganisa imibala ngemibala eminingi. Igama lale nhlanzi libangelwa ukushayeka okumnyama emsileni, emzimbeni okuphendulwe kuwo kufana nophawu lwesibabazo. Indima yephuzu idlalwa iso elimnyama. Imibala nokulungiswa kwemisipha kungashintsha, kepha ibha emnyama ihlala ingashintshiwe.