Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuthi i-English Setter yavela kanjani. Ngokusho kokuqala, lezi zinja ziyinzalo ye-gundog yesiNgisi ende, eyayakhelwe izidingo zomsebenzi. Abalandeli bohlobo lwesibili bathi isetter is a spaniel, noma okungenani ukuhlukahluka kwayo. Lo mbono wesekwa iqiniso lokuthi kunokufana kwangaphandle phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili.

Ukuzala

Ukwahlukaniswa kwemigqa ye-pedigree kuhlotshaniswa nokuhlangana komhlaba. EScotland, abahleli bemibala ebomvu banqoba, i-Ireland yayiziqhenya ngezinja zemibala enemibala ebomvu ne-chestnut, e-UK babethanda ama-setters amhlophe anezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Umzingeli ozimisele kakhulu futhi ozalanisa izinja - u-Edward Laverac, waba nentshisekelo kulolu hlobo lokuthenga futhi wathenga imidlwane emibili kumfundisi osekuphele iminyaka engaphezu kwama-30 ezalanisa lo mhlobo.

I-English setter yethulwa okokuqala embukisweni wamazwe omhlaba ngoJanuwari 28, 1859. Umhlambi wahlabeka umxhwele kakhulu ngabaphathi kanye nababukeli, futhi ngokushesha nje, lapho sekungene izinhliziyo zabathandi bezinja be-Old World, kwasakazeka emhlabeni wonke, kubandakanya nase-USA, lapho kwakubizwa khona “i-American Setter”.

Kuyathakazelisa! Ukuzalela kwenzeka eRussia kuphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20.

Ukujwayelana nokuzalanisa

Umlingisi womhleli wamaNgisi ubonakala ngokufutheka okulula, ukudlala, ubuntu kanye nekhono lokufunda ngokushesha. Lokhu kuzalaniswa kwafuywa njengendlela yokuzingela izinyoni zamanzi. Kwesinye isikhathi izinja zalokhu kuzalaniswa zithengwa ngalezi zinhloso manje. Abantu abangenazo izinhloso zokuzingela bathola lezi zilwane ezinemilenze emine, banethemba lokuthola umngane omuhle kakhulu, ohlukaniswa ngokuhlalisana kwabantu, ukuzinikela kubanikazi, kanye nekhono elihle lokuhlangana nezingane.

Ungayikhetha kanjani ingane

Uma ufuna ukuthola imbuzane yalolu hlobo lokuzalela, akufanele uye emakethe yezinyoni - azikho izinja zalapho. Ukuze uthole umdlwane wethala, kufanele uthinte i-nursery enakekela ukwenziwa kwalolu hlobo lokuzalela.

Imvamisa, kudoti, kanye namarobhothi, kukhona imidlwane eyodwa ngemuva ngemuva ekuthuthukisweni kusuka kubalingani bayo. Kungaba khona imidlwane emibili kulitha olukhulu. Lokhu akusho ukuthi izinja ezinje ziyokwenqatshwa empeleni. Kodwa-ke, lapho ukhetha ingane enjalo, kufanele unake ngokukhethekile ekudleni kwakhe.

Isidlakela se-English setter

Ukukhetha isethi, akudingeki ufunde kuphela ngokucophelela i-pedigree, kodwa futhi uhlole nabazali. Ungawutholi umdlwane uma abazali bakhe behlobene kakhulu. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukusondelana okuhlobene eduze kuqinisa izici eziveziwe zohlobo lokuzalwa, kukhona ingozi yezifo zofuzo.

Yini okufanele uyibheke

Ukuze ungenzi iphutha lapho ukhetha ingane, kufanele uhambisane neminye imithetho:

• Imveku kufanele ikhethwe lapho yazalelwa khona futhi yakhulela kuyo. Ngakho-ke, esimweni sakhe semvelo, umuntu angahlola ukuthambekela kokuziphatha kwakhe.
• Kuyadingeka ukuhlola iphunga lomdlwane. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, iphunga lezinto zokugcwala noma umchamo ngeke livele ezinhlafunini.
• Kuyadingeka ukunaka uboya. Uma imveku iphilile, khona-ke ilele emzimbeni, icwebezela futhi inyibilika ekuthinteni.
• Kuyadingeka ukuhlola umsebenzi we-puppy. Isethaphu encane enempilo izokhombisa intshisakalo futhi izoqhamuka nenhloso yokumfundela into entsha.
• Kuzoba kuhle ukuthola kusuka kwabafuyi bezitshalo ngezifo ezahlaselwa abazali bezingane.

Kubalulekile! Abanikazi abanomthwalo wemfanelo, ngaphandle kokufihla imininingwane yezempilo, bazonikeza ikhadi okungenani lezilwane okungenani labazali.

Izici nezincazelo zohlobo

Ukuvela kwesetterree English setter kuncike kumazinga afakwe ku-2009 yi-FCI. Inja le iqinile, inezinhlaka ezakheke kahle zemisipha. Umzimba uphakama, emuva kuqondile, isisu siqinisiwe. Ikhanda liyindilinga, ene-occiput emenyezelwe nezibalo eziphezulu. Ukuluma isikhafu.

Amehlo amakhulu ahlukene phakathi, abe nombala onsundu noma omnyama. Ikhala limnyama noma limnyama onsundu. Amadzala amade, izindolowane zibheke emuva, phakathi kweminwe kukhona ukwanda kwezinwele. Umsila "izimpaphe" noma "umsizi", obekwe ngaphansi komugqa wangemuva. Ijazi likhulu, licwebezele ukuthinta, ubude obulinganiselwe.

Umbala uyahlukahluka futhi ungaba ngokulandelayo:

• omhlophe noma ompunga okhanyayo onamabala emilenzeni,
• mhlophe ngopelepele, onsundu, uhlaka lwewolintshi,
• mhlophe enamabala amnyama
• mhlophe nge-orange t.

Isimilo

Izinhlobo zohlobo lwezinsimbi zamaNgisi zazizalwa, ziyeke izimpawu ezinkulu nokuthanda ukulwa. Ngenxa yalokhu kukhethwa, ama-setter awashabalali ekuziphatheni kwabo ngokubhekela kumnikazi, ezinganeni nakwamanye amadoda. Ngokuphambene nalokho, bahlala bekulungele ukudlala. Bakhombisa ubungane kwezinye izilwane, kufaka phakathi amakati, abahlangana kahle ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa.

Ubunzima bungavela maqondana namagundane nezinyoni, okuthi izinja zalolu hlobo lokuzalela ziphambuke ngesilwane. Kepha noma kunjalo, ababekeli ngeke babalimaze, kepha bayobahlukumeza kakhulu. Kepha uma inja ikhula kanye nezinyoni namagundane, khona-ke inja leyo ayibonwa njengeyinyamazane, iyeke ukubaxosha.

Ukuxhumana nezingane

I-English Setter ithembekile ngomsebenzi we-nanny. Isilwane esifuywayo siyohlala sithola okuthile enganeni, futhi ngeke sikhule noma sikhonkothe ​​kumngane waso omncane. Kodwa-ke, akufanele ushiye ingane engaphansi kweminyaka engu-6 yodwa inja, ngoba ingane encane ingalimaza inja ngephutha, kanti inja yona nayo ingasunduza ingane.

Izici zemfundo

I-setter yesiNgisi kumele ibe nomnikazi oyedwa. Yonke imithwalo yemfanelo yokondla, ukukhulisa nokunakekela kufanele yenziwe ngumuntu oyedwa.

Ama-setter amancane empeleni awabangeli abanikazi bawo noma yiziphi izinkinga. Ububi ngendlela yefenisha eyonakalisiwe, amakhethini adwenguliwe noma izicathulo ezicekecisiwe cishe akuyona uphawu kulezi zinja. Kodwa-ke, inja idinga ukwenziwa kucace ukuthi kukhona imithetho okumele ilandelwe.

Ukuziqeqesha

Umhleli wesiNgisi ubona ukuqeqeshwa njengomdlalo futhi uyakwazi ukushesha iqembu. Kodwa-ke, umnikazi kufanele aqaphele ukuthi indlela akhuliswa ngayo akufanele isekelwe ebudloveni nasebudloveni phezu kwe-psyche yenja.

Kubalulekile! Ukukhuthaza nokuxhumana "ezinyaweni ezilinganayo" ngumgomo oyinhloko wokuxhumana phakathi komnikazi nesilwane.

Lokhu kuzalaniswa kwenja kwahlatshwa okokuzingela, kepha namuhla umhleli wamaNgisi uthathwa njengomngane. Uma inja izosetshenziswa njengomngane nombukiso, khona-ke idinga ukufaka amandla, isebenza amahora amaningi. Ngakho-ke, inja izobukeka ingcono futhi izizwe ilinganiselwe ngokwengeziwe.

Uma uhlela ukusebenzisa inja njengenja yokuzingela, khona-ke udinga ukuya ku-puppy kubafuyi abagxile kakhulu ekuzingeleni. Bakhetha ngokukhethekile kusukela kumdoti izingane ezifanele kakhulu zale nhloso.

I-English Setter ayisetshenziswa njengenja yokuqapha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isilwane asinabo ubutha, futhi akunakwenzeka ukwakha ikhono lokuzivikela eligcwele ngenxa yobungane nokuziphatha okuhle.

Inja yalokhu kuzalanisa idinga ukunakwa eduze nokunakekelwa kwansuku zonke, okuvame ukuthatha isikhathi esiningi nomzamo. Izindlela zansuku zonke zifaka:

• Ukuhlanganiswa kwansuku zonke kwezinwele noma ikamo ngamazinyo amade avamile. Uma ungayinaki le nqubo, izinwele zenja ziyawa ngokushesha, ziphambukela ku-tundra - i-nursery of parasites.
• Ukuhlolwa kwama-auricles wokungcola kanye nokubopha imikhaza othanda ukuhlala lapho. Uma lokhu kungenziwa, khona-ke inja ingathola imidiya ye-otitis.
• Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo kwe-nitrous futhi, uma kunesidingo, kuqhuba izinqubo zokuhlanzeka ukuze uzihlanze.

Izinqubo zesikhathi zifaka:

• Ukuxubha njalo ngebrashi ekhethekile namazinyo ezinja. Kwanele ukufeza le nqubo kanye ngesonto.
• Ukugoba inja endaweni ekhethekile ye-salon kanye ngenyanga.
• Ukugeza, okwenziwa kanye ngenyanga. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ama-shampoos nama-conditioners asetshenziselwa izinja ezinomkhuba wokuphendula okungahambi kahle.

Ukunakekelwa Kwesetha

Ukuhamba

Ama-tetrapods alokhu kuzalanisa asebenza kakhulu futhi adinga ukuhamba amabanga amade, lapho amandla aqokelelwa phakathi nosuku edonswa ngaphandle. Ukuhamba kahle kungaba ukuhamba okuhlala okungenani ihora. Uma isilwane sisetshenziswa njengekhophi lombukiso, khona-ke amahora angama-2-3 ngosuku anele.

Kubalulekile! Uma inja ihloselwe ukubamba iqhaza ekuzingeleni, ukuhamba kufanele kube yinde, futhi kube ngcono - emaphandleni.

Ama-Setter awazibekezeleli kahle isimo sezulu esibi kakhulu. Isimo sezulu esishisayo, inja ivikelekile ekushiseni ngokweqile, futhi esimweni sezulu esibandayo nesishisayo, kubekwa isilwane esishisayo noma esimanzi esivela emswaneni.

Ukondla nokudla

Ukondla inja yalolu hlobo lokufuya ngokuvamile akubangeli ubunzima kumnikazi. Iqiniso ngukuthi ama-setter awavamisile ukudla ngokweqile futhi awusoze adle ukudla kuze kube yimvuthuluka yokugcina, yize kunjalo asevele egcwele. Kodwa-ke, umgcini unamandla okulawula inani lokudla esitsheni.

Uma inja ishiya inani elithile lokudla esitsheni ngemuva kokondla, khona-ke ingxenye kufanele incishiswe. Uma isilwane sikhonkotha ngokucophelela isitsha, khona-ke lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi inja ayidli futhi ingxenye idinga ukwandiswa.

Zonke izinhlobo zokudla zilungele inja: ingxube eyomile, emanzi futhi yemvelo. Ukudla kufanele kube nokulinganisela, ukucebisa ngezakhi kanye namavithamini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kufake okusanhlamvu, imikhiqizo yobisi, imifino namaqanda.

Izindleko zezingane

I-setter yesiNgisi - inja ayivelakancane ikakhulukazi. Ngakho-ke, imidlwane ayibizi kakhulu. Amakilabhu anikela ngemidlwane yesigaba sebhuloho ngokwesilinganiso esingu-30 tr *. Isigaba se-Show sibiza kancane - sisuka ku-45 siye ku-80 tr

I-English Setter ingumngane ophelele kulabo abadinga isilwane esinobungane futhi esijabulisayo. Kwanele ukumhlinzeka ngokunakekelwa okuhle nokuhamba amabanga amade, futhi uzokwenzela inkampani enhle kakhulu umnikazi wayo onakekelayo.

Izici Zokuzala Nesimilo

Phakathi kwabaphathi bezinja, ama-setter kubhekwa izinja ezithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwezinja ezizalanayo. Naphezu kwegama, ukuzalela kugxilile eFrance emakhulwini eminyaka ayi-17- 17.

Inja yayisetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ngabazingeli njengomsizi ekubambeni izinyoni zasendle - amadada namaphara. Izinja zazikhasa zidabula emahlangeni omhlanga nezihlahlana, futhi empeleni zazishintshwa nezimo zasendle.

Ngendlela umhlaba owazi ngayo umNgisi, wavela engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka ngaphambi kokugcina, ngemuva kokuphuculwa kwenguqulo yesikhombi saseFrance.

Uhlelo lokuphucula izinhlobo zokuzalela lakhiwa i-Eduard Laverac yaseBrithani, esechithe iminyaka engama-50 yempilo yakhe kulokhu. Ngemuva kwalokho kwakukhona abanye abalimi abambalwa abazalanayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngawo-90s wekhulu leminyaka elidlule, umthengi wayesephelelwe ngumqondo wokuzingela. Ngenxa yalokhu, lohlobo luhlukane lwaba yimigqa emibili - isigaba sombukiso kanye nama-workhorses. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzalela kunezindinganiso eziningana.

Maphakathi ne-90s isihleli sesiNgisi yaqala ukusatshalaliswa ngobuningi eRussia. Ngenxa yesimo sayo sokungazethembi, abaningi bayithande inja.

I-English Setter ingenye yezinhlobo ezindala kakhulu zokuzingela izinja.

Unomusa futhi uthembekile kakhulu kumnikazi, uthola kalula ulimi olujwayelekile nawo wonke amalungu omndeni, izilwane ezifuywayo. Mayelana nokuzinikela komhleli wamaNgisi, kwabhalwa incwadi kaGabriel waseTroepolsky “White Bim, White Ear”.

Ebusheni babo, izinja zithanda imidlalo, azivamile ukulalela abanikazi bazo, futhi uma ziqala ukuphanga inyamazane, ngeke ziphambuke ezinhlelweni zazo. Ngaphambi kokuba inja ingafundi ngokuphelele ukulawula isifiso sayo ukuya endlini encane, kuyadingeka ukuhamba ngayo kuphela.

Izinja zihlukaniswa ngamakhono obuhlakani, futhi ngenxa yalokho zinikezela kahle ekuqeqesheni. Yenza lula inqubo yokufunda nememori enhle. Kepha ngenxa yezimpawu zayo zemvelo, inja idinga ukunakwa okuningi. Ngakho-ke, akufanele uyiqale kubantu asebephelelwe yizinyanga emsebenzini.

Okujwayelekile

I-setter yesiNgisi esithombeni Kubukeka kahle, imigqa yomzimba ichazwa kahle, konke kubukeka ngokulinganayo. Inja ithwala ikhanda elide elide, elomile. Une-occipital protuberance eyenziwe kahle, kanti isikhumba siyindilinga phakathi kwezindlebe.

Ukushintshwa kusuka ebunzini kuya esihlokweni kukhulunywe, ekhaleni kumnyama noma onsundu, emakhaleni kubanzi. Izibalo zibukeka njengesikwele, imihlathi eqinile inokulunywa okujwayelekile kwesikhafu.

Inja ibheka abanye ngamehlo athambile azwelayo anamehlo acacile okweqanda. Umbala wazo uguquguqukayo, omabili amathoni e-nut kanye nsundu amnyama kungenzeka, bese kuba mnyama kakhulu.

Izindlebe eziphakathi nendawo zinokuphakama okuncane futhi zilenga eduze kwezihlathi. Amaphethelo acwebile, kanti phezulu limbozwe ngoboya be-wavy. Intamo ende, enemisipha, eyomile iyafinyelela emahlombe. Umzimba ophakathi nendawo emfishane eqondile uphela ngomhlane obanzi, onobuhlakani obuphansi emuva. Isifuba sijulile futhi sibanzi, izimbambo ziwumbala.

Umsila unokubanjiswa cishe ezingeni lomgogodla. Inobude obumaphakathi, ayisontekile, igogekile kancane, imbozwe ngoboya kusuka ngezansi. Ijazi lintle ngokuthinta, lide futhi licwebezelwe. Izinga lokuzalela livumela imibala eminingana.

Ukwenza isibonelo, ngombala omnyama, owolintshi, owolamula no-nsundu kukhona mottsling. Kunama-setter anemibala emithathu, kanye nama-black-mottled anamamaki we-tan. Ukukhula kowesilisa kufinyelela kuma-68 cm, ukukhula kwabesifazane kungama-65 cm.

Amahloni nolaka, kanye nokulimazeka okuhlukahlukene komzimba, kubhekwa njengezici zokungafaneleki. Abesilisa kufanele babe nokuhlolwa okwakhiwe kahle okufakwe ku-scrotum.

Imibala edumile yama-setter angamaNgisi

Ukunakekelwa nokugcinwa

Sizala isihleli sesiNgisi kubhekwe njengento engenakwenzeka ukunakekela ngenxa yengubo enhle ende ne-wavy. Esimweni esinganakwa, ijazi loboya liwela emathangeni, ikakhulukazi emilenzeni nasiswini, lapho kukhona khona umphetho.

Ngakho-ke, kufanele uzihlomise ngebhulashi ne-ikhekhe futhi ujwayele inja inqubo elandelwayo yansuku zonke kusuka kuzipupho ezincane. Uma inja isetshenziswa njengenja, ukuyinakekela kufanele kucace ngokwengeziwe.

Izinqubo zokugeza azinconywa isikhathi esingaphezu kokukabili noma kathathu ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Ukusetshenziswa kuyimikhiqizo yokunakekelwa ekhethekile yejazi lalokhu kuzalanisa. Ngemuva kokugeza, inja kufanele ibe manzi ngethawula le-terry bese ishaya ijazi loboya.

Amacala kufanele ancitshwe ngezikhathi ezithile. Ezinyangeni zasehlobo kuyanconywa futhi ukusika izinwele zenja engxenyeni engezansi yomzimba nezingalo. Ungahambisa yonke indawo yokunakekela abaqeqeshi.

Izindlebe ezinde ezilengayo nazo zidinga ukunakekelwa okubuhlungu. Babutha ukungcola ngesibabule, futhi ngenkathi efudumele, inani lokungcola landa kakhulu.

Uma ungakunaki ukuhlanza, imidiya ye-otitis kungenzeka ingenakugwenywa, futhi kwezinye izimo ingahle ibe yimbi. Lesi sifo sizovikeleka ngezinqubo zansuku zonke usebenzisa i-swab clic in boric acid.

Inja izizwa ikhululekile impela efulethini ledolobha nasezweni. Kodwa ngenxa yesifiso sayo sokuzingela, umhleli udinga izinyawo ezinde ngomsebenzi omuhle womzimba. Okukhethwa kukho okuhle, uma umnikazi ekuthanda ukuzingela futhi ngezikhathi ezithile angathatha isilwanyana naye, alandelele umdlalo.

Umsoco

Abamele lokhu kuzala akuvamile ukuthi bakhalaze ngokudla. Ngakho-ke, umthetho obaluleke kakhulu kumnikazi kufanele kube ukungabikho kokukhathazeka empilweni yesilwane.

Njengezinja eziningi ezizingelayo, umhleli usecabanga ngendlela azoyenza ngayo

Kubalulekile ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi inja ayidli ngokweqile. Ukukhuluphala kungagwenywa uma usuthisa inja ngemikhiqizo yemvelo ephezulu. Endabeni yokudla owomile, kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele kahle umthamo wezingxenye.

Imidlwane yesiNgisi yidla kaningi futhi ngemithamo emincane, kuze kube izikhathi ezingama-5-6 ngosuku.Izinja zabantu abadala zidla kuze kube kabili ngosuku. Amaprotein adla kakhulu ekudleni - inyama ebambekayo kanye nezinhlanzi zasolwandle noma olwandle.

Amaqanda avunyelwe kabili ngesonto. Kungcono uma kuzoba ama-yolks. Amaprotheni cishe awamunwa umzimba wezinja. Ama-setter angondliwa ngamaphaseji. Ama-Buckwheat kanye nama-rice groats kufanele anqobe.

Ungangeza uwoyela omncane wemifino emifino. Ngaphezu kokudla kwemvelo, izithasiselo ze-vithamini ziyadingeka. Noma imiphi imikhiqizo kufanele iphathwe ngemithamo emincane ukuze kulandelwe ukusabela kwenja okungaphenduki.

Njengakweminye imihlobo, ama-setter ayanconywa ukubhaka, amaswidi, ushokoledi, kanye namathambo eshubhu ayingozi kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, amathambo anikezwa kangcono uma amazinyo esikwa, njengento yokudlala. Kwezinye izimo, azisebenzi.

Izifo ezingaba khona

Phakathi kwezifo ezihambisana nalokhu inja izinhlobo I-setter yesiNgisi Indawo ehamba phambili ihlalwa yi-allergies, hhayi kuphela ngokudla, kepha impova yezitshalo.

Lesi sifo inja ifa njengezakhi zofuzo, kanye nokuthambekela kokungaboni. Ngemuva kwamehlo odinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, ngokusola okuncane kwezinkinga ngeso lamehlo noma nge-retina, kufanele uzwakale umsindo uma ufuna ukubonana nodokotela wezilwane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphazamiseka kohlelo lwe-musculoskeletal, ikakhulukazi, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-dysplasia ehlangene - i-elbow ne-hip, zijaha lo mzala. Njenge-prophylaxis, kunconywa ukuthatha amalungiselelo aqukethe i-calcium, kanye nemikhiqizo ebilisiwe yobisi namakhambi, uma inja idla ukudla okungokwemvelo.

Abanye abamele ama-setter banobunzima bokugwinya - bane-spasms yemisipha esophagus. Imvamisa kukhona ukusonteka kwesisu namathumbu. Lezi yizimo eziyingozi ezidinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Lapha, umuthi omuhle kakhulu uzoba ukuphumula okuphathelene nehora ngemuva kokudla.

Isidlakela se-English setter

Kwezinye izimo, ukudla okuhlanganiswe kahle, kanye nokunakekela izinja ezisezingeni eliphezulu nokunakekela isilwane sakho, kuzosiza ekugwemeni izifo. Ukuvakashela kudokotela wezilwane ngeke kulimale, okungenani kanye ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.

Isilinganiso Intengo yokusetha yesiNgisi eRussia cishe ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-25-30. Kepha le ndleko inemibandela kakhulu. Labo abajwayelana kakhulu noma kancane emhlabeni wezinja, amakilasi abo, ubunzima bezinye izinto ezihlukile, bayazi ukuthi izinto eziningi zithonya izindleko.

Isibonelo, indawo lapho inja yathengwa khona inenye yamanani anqumayo. Uma lokhu kuyimakethe, inja ibiza i-oda lesisindo esishibhile kunowokuzalela. E-kennel, isilwane sithengiswa ngentengo ebiza ngisho nangokwengeziwe.

Imidlwane yesiNgisi isetha imvelo yokuzingela

Futhi lokhu akumangazi - lapha umnikazi wesikhathi esizayo uzonikezwa amadokhumenti adingekayo, okubandakanya ukuqinisekiswa kwe-pedigree, kanye nesitifiketi sezilwane esinobufakazi bokugoma nokwelashwa kwezimpethu. Uma sikhuluma ngenja yesigaba se-elite show, khona-ke amanani angafika ku-70-80 izinkulungwane ngenganyana ngayinye.

E-Russia, ukuthandwa kohlobo lokuzala kwaqala maphakathi nawo-90s kuyaqhubeka kuze kube namuhla, ngakho-ke akufanele kube nezinkinga ngokukhethwa kweleti. Kepha ngaphambili thenga isiNgisi, kufanelekile ukuba uzijwayeze nemingcele enomthelela ekukhetheni ummeleli omuhle kakhulu.