Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi izindlulamthi zinokhokho phakathi kwezinye izilwane. Ukwakheka nokubukeka kwezilwane kucacile kakhulu. Ososayensi baphakamise ukuthi izindlulamithi zavela eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-20 edlule. Kungenzeka ukuthi okhokho babo babengama-artiodactyls angamahloka. Izidalwa zihlala e-Asia nase-Afrika. Izilwane okungenzeka ukuthi zavela kakhulu e-Asia futhi zasakazeka kakhulu ezindleleni zase-Afrika.
ISamoteria - omunye wokhokho bendlulamithi
Izinsalela ezindala zezilwane ezitholakele zineminyaka eyisigidi nengxenye kuphela ubudala. Batholakala e-Afrika nase-Israyeli. Kucatshangwa ukuthi lolu uhlobo olulodwa olusindile kuze kube manje. Kukholelwa ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane seziphelile. Ngokusekelwe kwezinsalela ezitholakele, izilwane zizama ukuphinda isithombe sangempela sendawo yokuhlala kanye nosayizi wendlulamithi. Kamuva, kwakukhona uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lwesilwane esingalubheka manje.
Incazelo
Azikho izilwane ngaphezulu kwezindlulamthi. Ukukhula kwabesilisa abadala kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-5.7 ukuya ezimpondweni, u-3.3 kuya ehlombe. Ubude entanyeni kwabesilisa bufinyelela kumamitha ayi-2,4. Abesifazane bafushane cishe ngemitha. Isisindo samadoda amadala ngamathani ayizigidi eziyi-1,93, nezesifazane zingu-1,18 amathani. Amakhebuli azalwa enamandla okuhamba futhi anesisindo esingama-55 kilos. Ukukhula kwendlulamithi yengane kungamamitha amabili.
Izindlulamithi zandise amalunga aqinile. Imilenze yangaphambili yezilwane yinde kancanyana kunemilenze yangemuva. I-vertebrae eyisikhombisa ephakeme itholakala entanyeni. Ngemuva kwezilwane kuyashonisa, umsila mude futhi mncane. Esiqongweni somsila kukhona ibhulashi elenzelwe ukuxosha izimpukane nezinye izinambuzane ezicasulayo. Izimpondo zendlulamzimba empeleni zikhula ngokulula amathambo phezu kwakho isikhumba nejazi.
Abesifazane nabo banezimpondo. Bafushane futhi bathwele imiqhele. Ukukhula kwethambo kwesinye isikhathi kungenziwa ngephutha. Isici esijabulisayo salezi zilwane ezinamehlo amakhulu aqabulayo azungezwe ukushaqeka kwama-eyelashes amnyama. Ulimi lwezindlulamithi lukhulu, luyaguquguquka. Ngibonga yena, izilwane zingabamba okuluhlaza kusuka eziqongweni zesihlahla.
Umbala wendlulamithi
Umbala wezilwane ukufanele ukunaka - amabala amakhulu, aphakathi nendawo namancane atholakala kuwo wonke umzimba wendlulamithi. Le ndlela ihlukile kwindlulile ngayinye.kanye neminwe yabantu.
Zonke izindlulamithi ziyimibala. Umbala uyahlukahluka ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala. Ama-subtypes endlulamthi anemibala ehlukile. Izindawo ezinobuntu zinkulu, ziphakathi noma zincane. Zimboza wonke umzimba wesilo futhi aziguquki kukho konke impilo yakho. Kodwa-ke, ijazi lingathatha imithunzi ehlukene ngenxa yezinguquko ezimweni zezulu, ezempilo nasizini.
Imilenze yendlulamithi
Imilenze ibukeka incane uma iqhathaniswa nawo wonke umzimba. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kwalokhu, izilwane zingagijima ngokuphelele. Izindlulamithi zifinyelela isivinini esingamakhilomitha angama-60 ngehora. Izindlulamithi nazo zingagxuma ngokugxuma izithiyo ezingaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1.5 ukuphakama. Kodwa-ke, izilwane zingagijima ngokushesha kuphela emhlabathini oqinile. Izidladla njalo nemifula, izilwane zidlula.
Indawo
Izindlulamithi zazivame ukugcwala ezweni lase-Afrika. Ngaphesheya kwendawo ethafile, umuntu angahlangana nezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane. Manje zingabonakala kuphela ezindaweni ezithile. Izindlulamithi zihlala empumalanga ye-Afrika, njengeTanzania, iTopiya neKenya, nakwezinye izindawo ezisenkabeni ye-Afrika, njengeNiger neChad.
Habitat
Zikhetha ukuhlala ezintabeni ezishisayo, lapho izihlahla zivame ukukhula. Amanzi awabalulekanga kakhulu ezilwaneni, ngakho-ke angahlala kude nezindikimba zamanzi. Indawo yendawo yezindlulamithi ihlotshaniswa nokuthandwa kwazo. Imvamisa zihlala eduze kwezihlahlana nezihlahla ezinde.
Izindlulamithi zihlangana kahle nabanye abangathandeki. Abanawo umncintiswano wokudla - izitha zondla utshani, iqabunga leendlulamithi. Imihlambi yezindlulamithi, izindlulamithi nokunye ukungatholwa imvamisa kutholakala ndawonye. Lababantu bangahlala ndawonye isikhathi eside, bedla ukudla kwabo. Kodwa-ke, ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi, baqala ukuphambukeka beyofuna ukudla okusha.
Zingaphi iindlulamthi ezihlala?
Ku-vivo, izindlulamthi ziphila iminyaka engama-25. Zihlala ezindaweni zokugcina izilwane iminyaka engaphezu kuka-30. futhi uzizwe umnandi. Ngokokuqala ngqa, izindlulamithi zalethwa ezindlini zaseGibhithe nezaseRoma phakathi nenkathi yeminyaka eyinkulungwane 1.5. Kodwa-ke, izilwane zalethwa emazweni aseYurophu kuphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Zalethwa emazweni aseYurophu ngemikhumbi emikhulu yokuhamba ngomkhumbi. Ngemuva kwalokho konke ukuthutha kwenziwa emhlabathini. Ukuvimbela izilwane ukuthi zisuse izinselo zazo, zazigqoka izembozo zesikhumba futhi ziphonsa indwangu yemvula phezu kwemizimba yazo. Izilwane zaqala kahle kuma-zoo futhi zaqala ukuzalanisa. Manje noma ngubani angabuka lezi zidalwa ezinomusa nomaphi emhlabeni.
Zilala kanjani izindlulamthi?
Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi izilwane ezinkulu kangaka zilala kanjani. Impela, ukulala izindlulamithi kuveza ubunzima obuthile. Abanye abantu bajwayela ukulala bemi, bancika kancane ezihlahleni ezinkulu. Abanye bagoqa, begoba imilenze yabo ngaphansi kwabo. Ukulala kwezilwane akubalulekile kakhulu - bachitha kulesi simo kuze kube amahora amabili ngosuku. Ekuthunjweni, indlulamthi ilala amahora angama-4-6. Kwesinye isikhathi ngesikhathi sokulala, izilwane zibeka amakhanda zazo emilenzeni yazo yangasemva, zidale iqhubu elikhulu. Ngesikhathi sokulala, amehlo ezilwane avale uhhafu, izindlebe ziyagoba kancane.
Ukuzala
Izindlulamithi yizilwane ezinesithembu. Ngasikhathi sinye, abesilisa bavikela izintombi zabo kwabanye besilisa. Imidlalo yokumatanisa iyajabulisa ukubukwa. Okokuqala, owesilisa uhlaziya iphunga lezimonyo zowesifazane, emva kwalokho uhlikihla ikhanda lakhe eduze kwesiqu sowesifazane abeke ikhanda lakhe emhlane. Ngemuva kokuphumula, iduna ikhotha umsila wothando lwayo, iphakamise umphambili.
Owesifazane angazitholela iduna nowesilisa futhi aphakamise umsila. Imidlalo yokuhlanganisa yenzeka ngezikhathi zemvula. Amacuba azalwa esomeni - esikhathini sokuphuma kwentwasahlobo kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo. Abesifazane bazala wonke umuntu nohhafu kuya eminyakeni emibili. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-457. Ukuzalwa kwengane kwenzeka endaweni emi ngayo. Amawundlu amakhulu, afinyelela kumamitha amabili ubude, afinyelela ezinyaweni zawo futhi afinyelele ubisi. Owesifazane oyedwa ubeletha kungabi ngaphezu kwamawundlu amabili.
Ukucasha abasha njalo evikini lokuqala lempilo. Ngonina, amawundlu ahlala isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka. Ukuzimela kuqala ngobulili bezilwane. Abesifazane bahlala nomhlambi, kanti abesilisa bahlala bodwa kuze kube yilapho sebezakhela umhlambi wabo. Lapho, bayoba abesilisa abahamba phambili. Izinsikazi zingaqala ukukhula ngeminyaka engu-3-4. Ukuvuthwa kwabesilisa kuza ngeminyaka engama-4-5. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi semidlalo yokuqomisana siqala ngesikhombisa kuphela kubo bobabili ubulili.
Ngemuva kwamaviki amathathu ingane izelwe iya e-nursery. Ngakho-ke omama bangahamba nenzalo beyofuna ukudla. Abesifazane bashintshana ngokubukela izingane eqenjini elifanayo. Ngenxa yomkhombe, izinsikazi zithuthela ebangeni elingamakhilomitha angama-02 ukusuka emhlambini wezinkomo. Kuze kube isikhathi lapho kuqala ukubamnyama, omama babuyela ezingubeni zabo, bavikele ezingozini futhi bondle ubisi.
Indlela yokuphila
Izilwane zihlala emihlambi yabantu abafinyelela kwabangamashumi amabili. Kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala imihlambi emikhulu, lapho kuhlala abantu abangamashumi ayisikhombisa. Izilwane ngazinye zijoyina umhlambi wezinkomo noma zibashiye ngokwenkululeko yokuzikhethela. Emhlambini owodwa kunabesilisa, abesifazane, amawundlu. Zonke izilwane zeminyaka ehlukile. Kulokhu, izinsikazi zibhekwa njengezilwane ezinokuthula kakhulu kunabesilisa.
Izindlulamithi zidla futhi ziphuze kuphela kusihlwa nasekuseni. Esikhathini esishisayo, izilwane zihlafuna insini, kepha zingakwenza ngaso sonke isikhathi. Abesilisa baqala ukubusa umhlambi emhlolweni. Le mpi yenzeka phakathi kwabesilisa ababili. Basondela futhi baqale ukuya phambili, bebambe izintamo zabo zibheke phambili. Emva kwalokhu, izintamo namakhanda kuhlangana, kuncike komunye nomunye. Ngakho-ke abantu ngabanye bayawazisa amandla esitha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane ziyahlukahluka komunye nomunye bese zishaya izitha ngentamo nekhanda. Iziteleka ezinjalo zinamandla amakhulu, zingadiliza isitha phansi noma zidale nomonakalo omkhulu.
Ukuxhumana nokubona
Izilwane azivamile ukwenza eminye imisindo. Ngalesi sizathu, isikhathi eside babebhekwa njengabathule noma abayizimungulu. Izindlulamithi zixhumana nomunye ngokweqile. Ngezikhathi ezithile uzwa imisindo noma ikhwela elithuleyo. Ngesikhathi sengozi, izindlulamithi zenza imisindo yokugunda nokuphefumula, zixwayisa izihlobo.
Omama bashaya ikhwela ngamawundlu. Amathole angalahleka kanti omama bayabhonga ngesikhathi sokuseshwa ukuze bathole umhlambi ngezwi. Amathole futhi akhihla isililo noma amoyana ngokuphendula. Lapho kuqala ukuqomisana, abesilisa “bakhwehlela”.
Ngenxa yokukhula kwazo okuphezulu, izilwane zibona amabanga amade. Ngakho-ke, bangagcina ukuxhumana okubonakalayo kwezihlobo kumabanga amade. Ngenxa yombono wabo obukhali, bayakwazi nokubona abazingeli abasondelayo.
Umsoco - udlani indlulamithi?
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwendlulamithi kwakhiwa ngamaqabunga esihlahla, imbewu nezithelo. Kwezinye izingxenye ze-savannah, ingaphezulu ligcwele amaminerali nosawoti, ngakho-ke kukhona izindlulamithi zidla emhlabathini.
Izilwane zingezokukhanya ngesisu esinamagumbi amane. Ngesikhathi sokuhamba, izilwane zihlala zihlafuna izinsini, zikhulisa isikhathi sokuphumula kuze kube yilapho zondla olandelayo. Zinezilimi ezinde, ngenxa yazo ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthola ukudla ezihlahleni ezinde kakhulu.
Okuningi kokudla kungamahlamvu aqhamuka eSenegalale acacias, ama-compretums amancane agqitshwayo, ama-apricots, ama-mint ama-bashful. Ukudla okuyinhloko i-acacia. Izindlulamithi zibamba igatsha ngezindebe zazo, zidabula amahlamvu, zinqe amakhanda. Lesi sitshalo sinama-spikes okulula ukuwabuna ngamazinyo aqinile esilo. Emini isilwane idla kuze kufike ku-78 kilos kgs kokudla. Kodwa-ke, uma ukudla kushoda kancane, indlulamthi iphila ngamakhilogremu ayisikhombisa okudla. Abesilisa badla kulokho okuphakeme eduze kwekhanda nentamo, nabesifazane - eduze nomzimba namadolo. Kulokhu, izintokazi zikhetha kuphela amahlamvu aphezulu kakhulu anekhalori.
Izitha zezindlulamithi
Izitha eziphambili zesibalo ngamabhubesi. Imvamisa ngesikhathi sokuzingela izingwe nezilwane kuyabonakala. Kodwa-ke, izilwane ezindala zingazivikela ngamahlosi. Izingwenya zingalinda izindlulamithi.
Tilwane letinyenti letinyenti tidla izilwane letincane, tilwane letindzala noma letikhubazekile. Ngenxa yombala obonwe izindlulamithi akulula kangako ukuthola.
Indlulamithi nendoda
Kumaviyo nasezigcinweni ezinezindlulamithi, iningi lenzuzo livela kubo. Phambilini, izilwane ezincelisayo zabulawa kakhulu ngenxa yezikhumba ezibalulekile, inyama, ukuzilibazisa. Ezimweni ezingavamile, isikhumba sasisetshenziselwa ukwakha izinsimbi zomculo. Isikhumba sezilwane ezincanyana sasilungele ukudala amabhakede, iziswebhu, amabhande.
Indlulamithi: incazelo
Kuze kube manje, indlulamithi ibhekwa njengesilwane esiphakeme kunazo zonke, kuyilapho imikhulu impela. Zingaba nesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-1200, kanti ukuphakama kwazo kungamamitha ayi-6 (indlu enezitezi ezimbili), kanti u-1/3 wobude bomzimba yintamo. Intamo iqukethe ama-vertebrae ayi-7, okujwayelekile ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezilwane ezincelisayo. Abesifazane banezinsimbi ezincane nezincane.
Ukubukeka
Lesi silwane siyimfihlakalo, ngoba kunzima ngisho nokucabanga ukuthi lesi silwane sibhekana kanjani nezingcindezi ngenkathi sehlisa noma siphakamisa ikhanda. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inhliziyo yakhe ingaphansi kwezinga lekhanda lakhe ngamamitha amathathu futhi ukuphakama kwamamitha amabili ukusuka ezingeni lomhlaba. Kulokhu, imilenze yesilwane kufanele ivuvukale ngaphansi kwengcindezi yegazi, kodwa empeleni lokhu akwenzeki. Igazi lihanjiswa ebuchosheni besebenzisa indlela yobuqili, kodwa ilula ngokwanele. Ngakho:
- Esithanjeni esikhulu, esisentanjeni yesilwane, kunamasondo avaliwe, okuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze umfutho wegazi ophelele kule ndawo.
- Igazi lesilwane likhulu impela, ngakho-ke akukho miphumela ebonwa lapho indlulamithi igagaza ikhanda layo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ubukhulu bemaseli abomvu egazi liphakeme kakhulu kunasebantwini.
- Inhliziyo yendlulamithi inkulu futhi inamandla, futhi isisindo sayo singamakhilogremu ayi-12. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi upompe amalitha angama-60 egazi ngomzuzu, ngenkathi udala ingcindezi ephindwe kathathu kunabantu.
Ekhanda le-artiodactyl ossicons flaunt, efanekisela okuthile kohlobo lwezimpondo, ezimbozwe kwesikhumba noboya. Kwezinye izilwane, ukukhula kwethambo kutholakala enkabeni yebunzi, kufana nolunye uphondo. Izindlebe zesilwane zicocekile, noma zivulekile, kanti amehlo amnyama, azungezwe yimisebe eminingi.
Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi! Izilwane zinempahla eyingqayizivele yomlomo, ngaphakathi lapho kukhona ulimi oluguquguqukayo lwe-violet hue, ecishe ibe ngamasentimitha angama-50. Izindebe zifakwe ngezinzwa ezimfishane zezinwele, ngosizo lapho indlulamthi inquma khona ubungako bokuvuthwa kwamaqabunga nokuba khona kwama-spikes.
Kukhona izingono emaphethelweni angaphakathi ezindebe asiza izilwane ezincelisayo ukuba zigcine izitshalo ezigawulwa yindlulamithi ngezinsimbi zayo eziphansi. Le nqubo isizwa lulimi olushintshashintshayo nolude, okuthi ngalesi sikhathi lube namandla bese lubhula eduze kwesitshalo, ludlule ameva. Kusebenzisa ulimi, isilwane sidonsa izinto zokudla kwizixhobo zomlomo.
Iphethini elibonakalayo emzimbeni wendlulile lenzelwe ukudala ukubukeka kokudlala amathunzi emiqhele yemithi, evumela ukuthi lesi silwane sizifihle. Akukho amabala emzimbeni ophansi, futhi akhanya. Kulokhu, umbala wesilwane uya ngesimo sendawo yokuhlala.
Ukuziphatha nendlela yokuphila
Isilwane siphawuleka ngokuthi sinombono omuhle kakhulu, ukuzwa nokuzwa. Uma singeza kulokhu kukhula okukhulu, khona-ke lesi isilwane esiyingqayizivele. Iyakwazi ukulawula indawo efinyelela kumakhilomitha-skwele. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uqaphele isitha ngesikhathi, kanye nokuqapha izihlobo zazo. Izindlulamithi ziqala ukondla ekuseni kakhulu, futhi ziyaqhubeka nokuhlafuna insini cishe usuku lonke, zicashe emthunzini wezitshalo ezinkulu. Ngalezi zikhathi, sebelele, ngoba amehlo ahamba kancane, nezindlebe zihlala zihamba, zilawula isikhala. Ebusuku, izindlulamthi zilala zingalalanga, ngenkathi zivuka noma zilale phansi emhlabathini futhi.
Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi! Izindlulamithi zisemhlabathini endaweni ethokozisayo: zona ngokwazo, zithatha imilenze emibili yangaphambili neyodwa yangemuva. Ngasikhathi sinye, babeka umlenze wesandla wesibili eceleni bese babeka amakhanda kuwo. Njengoba intamo yinde, uthola okuthile okunjenge-arch. Leli thango livumela isilwane ukuba sikhuphuke ngokushesha uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi.
I-colony (umndeni) wezindlulamithi ingaba nabantu abangama-20. Leli qembu lifaka abesifazane nabancane. Bahlakazeka ehlathini, kepha babuthane eqenjini evulekile. Omama nezingane bahlala ngaso sonke isikhathi, kepha amanye amalungu omndeni angashiya umhlambi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi abuyele ngasiphi isikhathi.
Isibalo sabantu abathile eqenjini sincike ekutholakaleni kokuphakelwa kokudla. Ngakho-ke, eqenjini ngalinye ngenkathi yezimvula, kunamalungu amaningi omphakathi wendlulamithi, futhi ngezikhathi ezomile - ubuncane. Izindlulamithi zihamba kancane kancane nge-amble, yize kwesinye isikhathi zikhombisa ukugcwala futhi zigcine leli ijubane isikhathi esingekho ngaphezulu kwemizuzu engu-3.
Ukufakelwa indlulamithi uvivinyo lwangempela, ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi igobe ngaphezulu, noma iphonse ikhanda emuva, ngoba lokhu kungenxa yoshintsho oluphakathi nendawo namandla adonsela phansi.
Naphezu komshini oyinkimbinkimbi wokusebenza kwalesi silwane, indlulamthi ingashesha icishe ibe ngu-50 km / h, futhi igxume ngaphezulu kwezithiyo ukuya kumamitha ayi-2 ukuphakama.