Umndeni wakwaRainbow yinhlanzi enamanzi amnandi avela e-Australia, Indonesia naseNew Guinea. Isici esihlukile kuwo wonke umndeni - abamele wona bapende ngemibala engafani naphambili, enemibala egqamile. Zonke izinhlanzi zinokuthula okunokuthula, azikhathaleli kokuqukethwe. Imisebe yemvula yase-Aquarium yizikhathi ezijwayelekile ezilawulwa kuyo, inhlanzi eziningi azibizi kakhulu. Igama lesibili lezinhlanzi yi-melanotenia.
Izici ezihlukile, ezijwayelekile zazo zonke i-irises zingumzimba oyindilinga onezinhlangothi ezithambile. I-dorsal fin yinde, ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili: ezinkulu nezincane ezi-conical. I-anal fin nayo yinde futhi i-symmetrically itholakala dorsal. Inhlawulo ye-caudal igcwele. Imisebe yemvula ye-Aquarium yizinhlobo ezihlukile ezihlukahlukini zezimpawu ze-morphological. Ubude bomzimba ngokwesilinganiso esingu-5-16 cm, abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane. Bahlala ekudingisweni iminyaka engu-5-8.
Umlando wezinhlobo nendawo yokuhlala, incazelo
I-rainbow iris yinhlanzi ekhazimulayo yohlobo lweMelanotenia. Izwe lalezi zakhamuzi ezingaphansi kwamanzi liyichibi elincane lase-Australia naseNew Zealand, kepha namuhla selandile emhlabeni wonke.
E-aquarium, i-iris yavela ngekhulu le-19 futhi kuphela lapho kuphela ingeniswa eYurophu.
Le nhlanzi encane, engekho ngaphezu kwama-5-6 cm ubude, yize ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ezinye izinhlobo zokukhula zikhula zize zifinyelele ku-15-16 cm.
Isikali se-fish ray sincane kakhulu futhi sinemibala egqamile. Ukuma komzimba kufana nezinhlobo ze-carp - kucishe kube yindilinga futhi kuthambile kusukela emaceleni. Ekhanda elincanyana kunamehlo amakhulu akhanyayo.
Isici esihlukile se-iris impahla yesikali sayo ukuze sikhanye ngokukhazimulayo futhi icwebezelayo ekuseni, kusihlwa imibala ivele ibunane, ibukeke imile.
I-Atherina nigrans igama elijwayelekile le-iris, futhi kunezinhlobo eziningi kulo mndeni.
Lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi laqala lachazwa yisichologistologist uJohn Richardson ngonyaka we-1834, yize ngemuva kwezingxoxo ezinde zesayensi, umndeni ohlukile we-iris wahlukaniswa kuphela ngonyaka we-1964 (usebenza uJan Monroe).
I-Melanotaeniidae isho iribhoni elimnyama. Leli gama lohlobo lwesibeletho kungenxa yokuthi cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-iris, umucu omnyama udlula emzimbeni.
Igalari yezithombe zezinhlanzi ze-iris:
Imvamisa bahlala emifuleni yase-Australia egeleza emahlathini nasezintabeni, emachibini amancanyana amancanyana kanye namabraki, ezindaweni eziphansi ezinamanzi. Zitholakala naseziqhingini zase-Indonesia nasePapua New Guinea. Namuhla, le ndawo yemvelo iyafa futhi imicibisholo eminingi ngeke itholakale, zimane zinyamalale ebusweni boMhlaba.
Endle, lezi zinhlanzi zihlangabezana nokushintshashintsha okukhulu kwamazinga okushisa - ukusuka ku- + 4 ... + 11 ° C ebusika kuya ku-+36 ° C ehlobo. Kepha endaweni yokufakelwa bahlobene kabi kakhulu nokwehlukana okushisayo, bavame ukugula.
Inhlanzi zoMvula
U-Iris uyisimangaliso se-aquarium yasekhaya.
Inhlanzi ye-rainbow, noma iris - Umndeni othakazelisa kakhulu futhi omkhulu wezinhlanzi zamanzi ahlanzekile, odabuka e-Australia, New Guinea nase-Indonesia.
Lezi zinokuthula futhi zingazethembi ezintweni eziqukethwe kokuqukethwe zithole ukuthandwa kwazo phakathi kwabasolwandle muva nje, ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20. Kodwa-ke, zaqala ukutholwa futhi zachazwa zazingaphezulu Iminyaka eyi-150 emuva! Igama lomkhaya (Melanotaeniidae) lihunyushwa ngokuthi “ithoni elimnyama”, ngoba ezinhlotsheni eziningi kukhona imicu emnyama ebonakalayo noma engabonakali kangako emzimbeni wezinhlanzi.
Elinye igama elidumile iris , batholile ngenxa yobukhulu bombala, bewuphinda futhi uthingo. Ekufakweni kombala wazo, kutholakala izithunzi ezibomvu kakhulu futhi inhlanganisela yemibala ekhanyayo! Ukugqama okuphezulu kakhulu kombala, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nesikali se-neon "acidic" esikhanyayo esikalini, sibonwa ku-iris ekuseni. Kusihlwa, ukukhanya kuyaphela kancane bese kuncipha. Inhlanganisela yasekuqaleni yemibala ne-neon ekhanya iguqula lezi zinhlanzi zibe umhlobiso ofanelekayo wanoma iyiphi i-aquarium. Lokhu kungenye yezinhlanzi zasemanzini ezihehayo futhi ezimangalisayo!
Muva nje, ubuhle be-neon rainbow buye baba enye yezinhlanzi ezidumile ze-aquarium.
Phakathi kwama-aquariums ajwayelekile kakhulu we-iridescent, izinhlobo eziningana ziyahluka.
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Ukuzola kunakho konke. Umbala uhlukaniswe ngesigamu - kanye nobude bezinhlanzi. Umzimba ophezulu wale nhlanzi ungumbala ocebile, futhi isisu singaba nezithunzi eziluhlaza noma zesiliva. Le iris yinhle ngokumangalisayo, ikakhulukazi uma iqhathaniswa nebomvu.
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Lolu hlobo lwehluka ezihlotsheni zalo ngombala ophindwe kabili ongajwayelekile womzimba namaphiko. Umbala wokuqala emzimbeni wezinhlanzi ungwevu onsomi. “Isizulu” kanye nengaphambili lomzimba kudwetshwe kuso. Amaphiko nangemuva kungumbala osawolintshi noma ophuzi. Noma kunjalo, umbala awuqhubeki, kepha ngamaqembu ezikali eziningana - lokhu kudala umehluko obonakalayo futhi ogqamile. Ukuze uthuthukise futhi umphumela wokukhanya kwenhlanzi, isizinda esise-aquarium kufanele sibe mnyama, futhi isibani kufanele sithambe futhi singasebenzi.
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Muhle kakhulu futhi ungumbuso. Umbala wale nhlanzi uyimithunzi yonke ebomvu ye-orange-red, color ebomvu, kuyilapho icwazimula ngisho nangegolide! Owesaba kakhulu futhi onelukuluku kakhulu kunayo yonke i-irises, uthanda izitshalo ze-aquarium ukwedlula ezinye.
Abanye abamele lo mndeni behluka hhayi ngemibala egqamile ne-rainbow kuphela, kodwa futhi nokungajwayelekile, kwesinye isikhathi okungaxakile, ukwakheka komzimba namaphiko. Lama-rainbows awathandwa kakhulu ngama-aquarists ngoba anosayizi abathobekile ngokwedlulele, kodwa futhi anobukhazikhazi futhi ahlukile ngobuhle nangendlela:
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Lapho kugcinwa iris Kuyadingeka ukukhumbula nokugcina amaphuzu athile:
Zonke izinhlobo gcina umbala wabo ohlukile kuncike ekunakekelweni okufanele. Ukwephulwa kombuso wokushisa, ukondliwa okungafanele, ukushintshwa kwamanzi okuxakile noma ukucindezela - konke lokhu kungaholela ekunambekiseni amathunzi noma ekulahlekelweni ngokuphelele kwemibala.
Abantu abanomlomo omncane futhi bathatha ukudla ikakhulu ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zamanzi; abakuvusi ukukhulisa ukudla kusuka phansi. Kulokhu, inani lokuphakelwa kumele lilawulwe ngokusobala noma inhlabathi kuzodingeka ichitshelwe kaningi, yize ingangezwa njengomakhelwane bezinhlanzi ezihlukene zekati, ezizodla ukudla okuye phansi.
Wonke amalungu omndeni adla ngokudla kwezitshalo nezilwane. Bazokujabulela ukuba nama-gerworms, i-tubule, i-artemia kanye nama-crustaceans amancane. Akufanele unqunyelwe kuphela ekudleni okubonakalayo, ngoba lokhu kungayilimaza impilo yenhlanzi!
U-Iris - izidalwa azinabungozi futhi zinokuthula, ngakho-ke zikhetha umphakathi wohlobo lwazo. Ngenxa yezimfanelo ezinjalo, zilungile njengomakhelwane izinhlanzi eziningi zasemanzini ezingadliwayo.
Ngokwemvelo, azinconywa ukuba zigcinwe nezilwane ezidla ezinye noma ezinye izinhlanzi ezinemvelo yolaka. Omakhelwane ababi bazoba futhi i-golffish, ama-eels kanye nezakhamuzi ze-arthropod ze-aquarium.
Ngeshwa, njengamanje, indawo yemvelo yalaba bameleli abamangalisa bezilwane zasemanzini ibhujiswa ngezinga elikhulu, kanti ezinye izinhlobo ziyanyamalala.
Ukuze lezi zidalwa zobuhle obuyingqayizivele zisithokozise hhayi kuphela ezindlini ezifuywayo, kepha futhi nasezimeni zemvelo, kwethulwe uhlelo olukhethekile lwezinyathelo ukusindisa nokubuyisela izinhlobo zezilwane ezisengozini.
Imicibisholo ibhalwe ku-Red Book futhi ukuvinjwa kwayo ngemvelo kuyenqatshelwe!
Melanotenia ka-Axelrod
Ubude bomzimba obukhulu bale nhlobo yezinhlanzi ze-rainbow buyi-8-9 cm. Umzimba mude, uyigolide noma ubhedu ngombala ngomucu ogqamile oblue. I-plumage emadodeni (mikhulu futhi igqamile) ibomvu noma iphuzi, futhi kwabesifazane iyabonakala.
I-Parkinson's iris (Melanotaenia parkinsoni)
Lezi zakhamizi zomhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi zimangazwa ukukhanya kwemibala. Isizinda esiyinhloko somzimba wabo siyisiliva, kepha izindawo ezinkulu zokusika-obomvu noma umbala wamawolintshi asendle "ayakhanywa" kuso ezinhlangothini zalo. Zitholakala eduze emuva komzimba.
U-Iriaterina Werner
Izinhlanzana ezincane ze-rainbow (4-5 cm ekufuyeni kwe-aquarium, kuze kufike ku-7-8 cm endaweni yemvelo) ngomzimba ngamathoni abomvu egolide nethafa eliyinkimbinkimbi - umsila ubunjiwe, inhlaka yedenari yinde, kanti ne-ventral yinde futhi igobile vikela kude kakhulu komsila.
I-Melanotenia Bleher (Chilatherina bleheri)
Urishi onobubanzi obukhulu ngokwanele bomzimba - kusuka ku-4 kuye ku-11 cm. Ingaphambili lomzimba nenhloko yalezi zinhlanzi zipendiwe ngesiliva, ngombala oluhlaza okotshani, amathoni egolide. Kepha abesilisa kuphela abakhanyayo, izintokazi ziyisiliva noma ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. I-plumage incane, icocekile.
I-Blue noma i-humpback melanotenia (Melanotaenia splendida)
Ubude bomzimba walezi zinhlanzi buvela ku-7 kuya ku-11 cm.I-subspecies emithathu iyaziwa, ehlukile ngohlelo lombala:
- UM. I-Splendida - umzimba wethusi kanye ne-plumage ebomvu.
- UM. IAustralia ingumzimba onamabala amnyama namaphiko abomvu.
- UM. I-Inornata - i-silvery, amaphiko ngamamaki abomvu.
Ama-aterins abomvu noma i-iris iris (i-Glosonsopis incisus)
Inhlanzi ekhanyayo kakhulu, edwetshwe ngamathoni abomvu ngethafa elikhulu elinamandla. Lokhu kusebenza kwabesilisa abafinyelele usayizi womzimba okungenani ama-cm angama-5. Izinsikazi ezinombala wegolide omnqumo onamaphini aphuzi obala.
Ukunakekelwa nokugcinwa
Imibhobho yemvula kumele igcinwe emhlambini, lapho inani labantu ngamakhanda angama-6-9.
Ukuze unikeze lezi zinhlanzi izimo ezifanele zokuphila, kufanele ulandele le mithetho elandelayo:
- Ithangi kufanele libanzi impela - 80-100 amalitha nokukhethwa kufanele kunikezwe ukwakheka okungxande. Ukuphakama akubalulekile, ngakho-ke, ukuqondisa ukuhamba komhlambi kuhlala kulele kunelembu kunezikejana eziqonde phezulu.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha i-filler efanelekile engezansi. Kungcono ukuthi zingamatshe amancane ayisiyingi noma oyisihlabathi esihle, ngoba lezi zinhlanzi zisebenza kakhulu futhi izinto ezilukhuni zingalimala. Kungcono uma inhlabathi imnyama, izinhlanzi ezibamba uthingo zibukeka zizuzisa kakhulu ngokumelene nesizinda sazo. Okokuhlobisa, kufanele ukhethe izinto zokwakha ngaphandle kwemiphetho ebukhali.
- Kungcono ukuthi ungalayishi ngokweqile ichibi lokufakelwa ngemiklamo yokuhlobisa nezitshalo zasemanzini ukushiya indawo eyanele yokuhamba kwe-iris.
- Izitshalo kufanele zitshalwe ziqine futhi zikhule ku-filler engezansi. Kungcono ukuzibeka eduze kodonga olungemuva lwethangi ukuze ingemuva elingaphambili likhululeke ukuhambisa imihlambi.
- Imisebe ithanda ukukhanya, ngakho-ke kungakuhle ukusetha i-aquarium ukuze imisebe yelanga iwele phezu kwayo isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka. Kuyadingeka futhi ukuhlinzeka ngokukhanyisela okwenziwe ngobunyoninco ukwelula isikhathi semini samahora ayi-12.
- Ukuhlunga kufanele kube sezingeni eliphezulu. Ukuvuselelwa kwamanzi kunconywa ukuthi kwenziwe okungenani ama-33% ngesonto. Ijetti ifiseleka ngamandla anele, u-iris uthanda ukuhamba okusheshayo.
- Amapharamitha wamanzi akhululeka kakhulu kwezinhlanzi ze-rainbow izinga lokushisa + 23 ... + 27 ° C, ubulukhuni ne-acidity kuncike kakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo. Ukuguquguquka kwezimo ezishisayo akuyona into efiselekayo.
- Ikhwalithi yokuvuselela ikhwalithi ibaluleke kakhulu. Lezi zinhlanzi zizwela kakhulu izinga le-oxygen emanzini. Ngokuntuleka kwayo, ziyahlupheka, amasosha omzimba ayancipha, futhi izinqubo ezibalulekile zihamba kancane.
Ukondla
Izinhlanzi ze-rainbow ziyizindawo ezihlala kuzo zemvelo. Echibini lokufakelwa, bayakujabulela ukudla noma yikuphi ukudla, kulula kakhulu ukubondla nge-granular eyomile eyenziwe eyenziwe ngefreyimu.
Okuthandwayo kufanele kunikezwe kulezo zinhlobo zokuphakelayo ezihla kancane, ngoba ngeke zivele kusuka phansi kwe-iris.
Kubalulekile kakhulu ukuthi ungazidli ngokweqile lezi zinhlanzi ukuze uvikele ukukhuluphala.
Kanye noma kabili ngesonto, njengokugqoka okuphezulu, ungabanika:
- ukopha,
- Artemia nauplii,
- umenzi wamapayipi
- amaphilisi we-spirulina
- isaladi oqoshiwe kahle, ikhukhamba, zucchini, isipinashi.
Ukuvumelana nokuziphatha
Izinhlanzi ze-rainbow zingabantu abanokuthula futhi abahlekisayo abangaphansi kwamanzi. Ziyasebenza, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ngesembozo esingenalutho noma se-mesh ku-aquarium.
Akunakucatshangelwa ukuthi kufanele zakhiwe ngokweqile, kuphela ngumhlambi lapho abesifazane ababili noma abane benani elifanayo labobulili noma owesilisa oyedwa.
Ibukeka kahle kakhulu echibini lokufakelwa, eliqukethe izinhlobo eziningana ze-melanotenia.
I-Pecilia, i-barbus, i-zebrafish, i-cockerel yegolide, i-angelfish ifanelekile njengomakhelwane; ayavana kahle.
Izinhlanzi ze-rainbow zithanda ukuhambisa ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zamanzi, ngakho-ke ungakwazi ukwengeza ngokuphepha izinhlanzi ezingaphansi kwazo - amakhorali, ama-ancytruse, abadli be-alamese be-alamese, i-bots.
Akufanelekile ukuhlanganisa i-iris nezilwane ezinkulu ezidla ezinye, kepha ama-cichlid amancane omhlambi azokwazi ukuhambisana nawo, ngokwesibonelo, iTanganyika.
Siamese algae adle
Izifo ezingaba khona
Uma izimo ezise-aquarium zisondele kakhulu, khona-ke i-iris izokhazimula ngayo yonke imibala, okusho ukuthi baphilile. Kepha lapho nje izinhlaka zemvelo zephulwa kakhulu, ukukhanya kwemibala kuyaphela.
Ngaphezu kokugcina amasistimu wokuhlanza ahlanzekile, i-aeration efanele nokukhanyisa, kubalulekile ukubheka ikhwalithi yokuphakelwa, ngoba izifo eziningi ezithathelwanayo zingena endaweni yokugcina izinto nayo.
Ngaphambi kokutshala enhlabathini, kungcono ukukhipha amagciwane izitshalo, ngemuva kokuzibamba ngesixazululo esibuthaka se-potanganum permanganate.
Izakhamizi ezintsha kufanele zethulwe ku-aquarium kuphela ngemuva kokuzigcina zisezinhlwini zamahhashi.
Uma izilonda nezilonda zivela emizimbeni yezinhlanzi zozalo lwesibhakabhaka, khona-ke, kungenzeka kakhulu, izimuncagazi, ngokwesibonelo, ilogo yezinhlanzi, sezilimele. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukukhuphula izinga le-aeration futhi wenze amanzi afudumele ngokweqile. Kufanele futhi usawoti omncane (cishe isipuni samalitha ayi-10).
Endabeni ye "semolina" sebenzisa isixazululo se-Methylene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Uma abesifazane be-rainbow behlinzekwa ngezimo ezinhle nokunakekelwa okufanele, khona-ke bayakwazi ukuhlala e-aquarium iminyaka engu-5-7.
Ukuzala
Ukuvuthwa kwe-melanotenia kwenzeka ezinyangeni ezingama-6-9. Abesilisa bahlala beba bakhulu futhi begqamile kakhulu kunabesifazane.
Ekukhiqizweni kabusha kwama-rainbows akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi. Ekuqaleni zidla kakhulu, zikhetha ukudla kwezitshalo. Ngemuva kwalokho insikazi ibekela amaqanda futhi ifake owesilisa wayo. Njengokujwayelekile, inani lamaqanda lenyuka ngokuqhuma ngakunye okulandelayo.
Uma i-fry kufanele igcinwe, khona-ke abazali babekwa ngaphambi kokuqhekeka ku-jade ekhethekile, bese kuthi ngemuva kokuqhuma nokufakwa kumanyolo, kususwe ukwenziwa kwezihlahla.
Usayizi ofanele wokunwayizela - akukho ngaphezu kwamalitha angama-35. Ihambisana nemingcele elandelayo - amazinga okushisa + 25 ... + 28 ° C kanye nokuqina okuphezulu (cishe amayunithi ayi-10-15), ibhalansi ye-acid-base isondele kokungathathi hlangothi. Isihlungi esine-jet siyadingeka ekuhleleni ukugeleza okuncane. Izitshalo zamanzi ziyimpoqo - kungenxa yazo ukuthi kubekwe i-caviar. Kuyelulekwa ukukhetha izinhlobo ngeqabunga elincane. Amanzi ajwayele ukushintshwa. Ngakho-ke, ukusakazeka kuyashukunyiswa, ngoba zonke lezi zimo zilingisa inkathi yemvula.
Insikazi ingabuna izinsuku ezintathu (imvamisa ekuseni).
Amaqanda aboshwe ngentambo ende emincane enamathela emacembe ezitshalo zasemanzini. Ngokubamba amaqanda afinyelela ku-500, lawo mhlophe futhi abe ngamafu kumele asuswe.
Ngemuva kweviki linye kuya kwemibili, i-hatch hry. Imvamisa ziqala ukuhamba futhi zidle ukudla ngasekupheleni kwesonto lokuqala lempilo. Ukuqala isiheyidi kungcono ukhethe uthuli olubukhoma.Ngemuva kwalokho kancane kancane ulethe ukudla okusha ekudleni, unikeze okuthandayo ezinhlotsheni zezitshalo zabo.
IMelototia ikhula kancane. Ekupheleni kwenyanga yesibili yokuphila lapho imibala yokuqala iqala ukuvela. Ukusuka ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, ungabheka abantu abadala be-iris.
Amaqiniso Ahehayo
Izinhlanzi zeRainbow zithathwa njengesinye sezakhamuzi ezinhle kakhulu zamachibi okufakelwa ezifuywayo. Kepha ukugqama kombala wabo akuxhomeki kuphela esimweni sempilo, imood nayo iyasithinta.
Uma kunesimo esicindezelayo e-aquarium, khona-ke wonke umhlambi usheshe ube buthambile. Ngakho-ke lezi zinhlanzi zingabizwa ngokuphepha ngokuthi yi-barometer yesimo sokusebenza kwengqondo sendawo engaphansi kwamanzi.
Kodwa lapho nje isikhathi sokuzivumelanisa naso sidlula, ibhalansi esetshenziselwe ukwakhiwa kwe-acid ikhiqizwe, futhi izinga lokushisa lamanzi liyeke ukugxuma, i-iris ngokushesha iqala ukucwazimula ngayo yonke imibala yesibhakabhaka, ikakhulukazi elangeni lemvelo.
Ukubuka konke kwezinhlobo
Emanzini afudumele emifula namachibi e-Australia, New Zealand naseziqhingini ezithile zase-Indonesia, ahlangana nezinhlanzi ezincane ezidlala ngayo yonke imibala yobala. Abantu abahlali benganendaba nobuhle bale nhlanzi futhi badlulisela uthingo oluphilayo e-aquarium. Izinhlanzi ezingakhubeki zazivumelanisa kalula nemvelo entsha futhi zaqala ukusakazeka phakathi kwezazi zasemanzini, zaziwa ukuthandwa.
Ubukhulu be-iris, igama eligcwele linguRainbow melanotenia, lincane. Umuntu omdala ufinyelela kubude obu-5-16 cm, kuya ngezinhlobo zezinhlobo zazo, ezingaba ngu-70 ngokwemvelo.
Kepha ukulungiswa ku-aquarium, izinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela ze-melanotenia zivame ukuthathwa. Sibala bese sibabeka kafushane.
- U-Rainbow Melanotenia McCulloch. Inhlanzi encane engama-60 mm ubude itholakala ogwini lwase-Australia. Abesilisa balolu hlobo bapendiwe emthunzini okhanyayo womnqumo onsundu. Izindawo ezibomvu ziyabonakala kumbozo we-gill. Umsila ubomvu okhanyayo we-carmine.
Umbala wezinhlanzi ogqamile futhi omuhle kunayo yonke ngesikhathi sokuqhuma.
- Neon iris - ongowokuzalwa eNew Guinea, lapho angatholakala khona emanzini agcwele imifino enamanzi oMfula iMamberamo kanye namaxhaphozi azungezile. Umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka wesikali unomphumela we-neon, ubonakala kuphela ekukhanyisweni okungasasebenzi okuhlinzekwa izitshalo zasemanzini. Ubude bezinhlanzi ezindala cishe buyi-80 mm. Abesilisa bahluka kwabesifazane ngosayizi omncane ngokwengeziwe nombala okhanya kancane wamaphiko abomvu nomsila.
Izinhlanzi zithanda ukunamathela emhlambini wezingcezu ezi-6-6 futhi njengamanzi amasha, angathathi hlangothi, hhayi amanzi anzima ezindlini ezingasebenzi. Ngomhlambi onjalo, i-aquarium yamalitha angama-60 yanele.
- I-Aquarium fish Turquoise iris (iLake Melanothenia) kusuka kuPapua New Guinea. Ihlala echibini elilodwa lentaba iKutubu kanye nomfula omncane iSoro ogeleza ungene kuwo, okuyizifundazwe eziseningizimu neHighlands. Ubukhulu benhlanzi abudluli ku-120 mm. Umbala womzimba, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka one-tint ophuzi, ngesikhathi sokukhula uthola i-tint ye-orange ngemuva. Ukuqina kombala wezinhlanzi kuya ngomsoco. I-melanotenia eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ikhetha amanzi amasha, aqine kakhulu, angasebenzi kangako ngokushisa kwe-20 ° -25 ° C. Kumhlambi wezinhlanzi ezi-66 udinga i-aquarium enomthamo okungenani wamalitha ayi-110.
- I-melanotenia ka-Boesman esanda kwaziwa ngumphakathi jikelele. Ekhaya, e-West Irian, e-Indonesia, ama-Boeseman's iris ahlala emifuleni emithathu kuphela futhi asongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Izinhlanzi zokuqala ezalethwa eYurophu zaba yisisekelo sokuthola abantu aba-hybrid. Ubude be-iris yabantu abadala busuka ku-80 mm kuya ku-110 mm. Inhlanzi idwetshwe ngemithunzi emibili: umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kusuka ekhanda kuya maphakathi nomzimba ugelezela ku-orange-ophuzi engxenyeni yangemuva.
Ukuhlala okunethezekile, umhlambi wama-Boeseman wemvula udinga i-aquarium ephansi enomthamo wamalitha ayi-110 noma ngaphezulu, ogcwele amanzi alukhuni, alkaline kancane namanzi ahamba kancane okushisa okushisa angama-27 ° C kuya ku-30 ° C.
- Izindlela ezintathu iris kusatshalaliswa kuyo yonke imizimba yamanzi ahlanzekile aseNyakatho Australia. Emvelweni yemvelo, inhlanzi icishe ibe ngu-150 mm ubude, kanti umugqa wamanzi amathathu ufinyelela kumamitha ayi-120 kuphela ubude. Umbala wale nhlanzi uyahlukahluka ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala kanye nokudla. Kwe-shades, imibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eluhlaza okotshani, ebomvu nephuzi ihamba phambili. Kepha ngaphandle kokubukeka kwesikali, zonke izinhlanzi zinamaphiko abomvu nemivimbo emide yobude. Esikoleni esisodwa senhlanzi esivela kubantu abangu-5-6, kudingeka i-aquarium okungenani amalitha ayi-150.
Amanzi e-aquarium kufanele abe ephathekayo ngokulingana, okusha, kanzima, nokusabela kwe-alkaline kancane. Isimo sokushisa kusuka ku-24 ° С kuya ku-33 ° С.
- I-iris ebomvu (i-Aterina ebomvu) uhlala eLake Sentany kanye nemizimba yasemanzini eseduze neNew Guinea. Inhlanzi ekhanyayo efinyelela ku-150 mm ubude ihlukaniswa umbala obomvu emadodeni nphuzi kwabesifazane. Umbala ohlaba umxhwele kakhulu owesilisa we-alpha wephakethe. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi njengoba izinga lokushisa lehla liye komngcele ovumelekile ophansi, umbala obomvu uqaqeka kubo bonke abesilisa bomhlambi, ngenkathi ngokukhanya okwandayo, kuhlala ku-alpha kuphela. I-aquarium edingekayo yalokhu okuhlukahlukene kufanele okungenani ibe ngamalitha ayi-150. Kudingeka amanzi ahlanzekile, nobunzima obuphakathi, okushisa angama-22 ° -25 ° C, ahamba kancane.
- U-Iris Popondetta (I-Wilder-Tailed Blue eye) ubukeka njenge-albino enamehlo amakhulu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umzimba wenhlanzi uguqulwe ngamaphiko aphuzi. Isisu sombala we-raspberry ovuthiwe. Emvelweni wayo wemvelo, kuyindawo engasempumalanga yesiqhingi saseNew Guinea. Izinhlanzi ezincane - kuphela ezingama-40-60 mm ubude. Ulungisa amanzi amasha, anzima asabela kancane kwe-alkali. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi lisukela ku-24 ° -28 ° C. Umthamo we-aquarium womhlambi wabantu abangu-8-10 udinga okungenani amalitha angama-60. Ukuhamba kwamanzi kufanele kube buthakathaka.
Izici Zokuqukethwe
Zonke izinhlobo ze-iris azikhathaleli kokuqukethwe. Ukuze uhlale ukhululekile, umhlambi we-iris ovela kubantu okungenani abayisi-6 udinga i-aquarium ebanzi kahle, njengoba izinhlanzi zisebenza kakhulu. Izisetshenziswa ezinhle kakhulu zokusebenzisa kusuka kumalitha ayi-100 kuye kwangama-150. Ukuvikela ukuvikela ngengozi, i-aquarium kumele imbozwe ngesivalo.
Umhlabathi ungcono ukusebenzisa umnyama, ithafa. Ukukhanya kumele kusetshenziswe.
Ama-irises amahle kakhulu abheka isizinda esimnyama phakathi kokuluhlaza okwasemanzini ngokukhanya okukhanyayo. Ngezansi kwe-aquarium ungafaka i-driftwood namatshe amakhulu ngaphandle kwemiphetho ebukhali.
Izitshalo ze-iris zingcono ukukhetha enamahlamvu alukhuni. Ama-Anubias, i-Echinodorus noma iLagenander Meebold afanelekile ukuze izinhlanzi zingazidli. Kungaba nokuhlaza okuningana phansi nangaphezulu, kodwa kungcono ukuyihlela ngamaqembu, kushiye izindawo ezivulekile zamanzi.
Ama-iris amaningi ahlala endaweni yokuhlala emanzini udinga ukukhetha imishini ye-aquarium, ugxile kuleli qiniso.
Umbala we-iris uncike kwikhwalithi yamanzi. Ukuze ulondoloze uthingo oluphilayo, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlunge njalo futhi wenze okunye esikhundleni samanzi amadala ngokuwasha.
Ekudleni, i-melanotenia ayikhukhumali, ingadla cishe konke. Noma yikuphi ukudla okwomile, okukhona noma okubandayo kufanelekile kubo. Ngenjabulo, inhlanzi idonsa amaqabunga athambile ezitshalo zasemanzini. Lapho ukondla kungcono kakhulu hlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokudla ukuze unikeze inhlanzi ukukhetha. Ngezinhlobonhlobo zemvula ezinhlobonhlobo ziveza imibala yazo emihle kakhulu.
Ukunakekela i-iris kulula. Ukunakekelwa konke ekunikezeni amanzi okufika ngesikhathi nangokuhlanzwa kwamanzi.
Ihambisana nezinye izinhlanzi
U-Iris - izinhlanzi ezincane, ezinothando. Bahlangana kalula nanoma yiziphi izinhlanzi ezingenalo ulaka ezifuze ngokufana nobukhulu bazo. Zingahlala eduze kwesikali, inqobo nje uma zikhule ndawonye, kepha izingane kule ndaba ziyaqinisekiswa ukuthi zizokuhlupheka.
Melanotenia eceleni kanye ne-zebrafish, ama-barb, ama-guppies, amadoda asenkemba, i-mollies, nezinye izinhlobo ze-pecilli abathanda amanzi kanzima.
Imisebe ihlangana kahle nama-cichlid aseTanganyik.
Izinhlanzi ezizolile ezingezansi, ngokwesibonelo, amakhorali we-catfish, ama-bots kanye nama-ancytruse azohlala endaweni engezansi ye-aquarium, ngoba i-iris ithanda izingqimba ezingenhla ze-aquarium impilo yonke.
Izinhlanzi ezihamba kancane, i-iris izophazamiseka ngenxa yokuhamba kwayo. I-iris ayihambelani nama-cichlids, igolide kanye ne-catfish.
Izinhlanzi eziseduze nezilwane ezidlengayo, i-melanotenia ngeke isinde, ngoba ibukeka kakhulu njengendlela yokuzingela nokudla.
Incazelo yezinhlanzi ze-iris
Lezi zinhlanzi ezihamba phambili, ezinenhlalo enkulu, eziqhamuka emndenini omkhulu waseMelanotenius zithole igama lazo ngenxa yobuchopho bemibala obuphindaphindayo uthingo. Ngempela, buka nje isithombe sezinhlanzi ze-iris, njengombuzo wokuthi kungani ibizwa kanjalo inyamalala. Ukukhanya okuphezulu kakhulu kwezimbali ngisho ne-"acidic" neon iridescent ikhanyisa umbala wesikali kwenzeka ekuseni, kusihlwa ukukhanya kukhanya kancane kancane.
Futhi, umbala wezinhlanzi ze-iris ukhuluma ngempilo yayo kanye nezinga lokucindezelwa okuhlangenwe nakho, lapho laba bantu abajabule, abanenhliziyo enhle futhi bemagange ngokwazi imizimba yamanzi batholakala kalula. Uma okuthile kungalungile, umbala wesikali uba sobala nesilivere.
Emvelweni, imicibisholo yemvula ingabonakala emithanjeni yamanzi entsha noma emincane ebakaki, ikakhulukazi bathanda imifula, enamazinga okushisa amanzi asukela kuma-23 kuya kwangama-28 degrees. Eduze kwezindawo zasendaweni yazo enkulu kukhona ukuqashiswa kwe-scuba kulabo abafuna ukubona lobu buhle.
Ngendlela yayo, iris -khulunyiwe futhi yahlaselwa kancane. Izinhlanzi zikhula zize zibe ngu-4-12 cm, futhi ngosayizi omncane kangako, zinamehlo amakhulu kakhulu, aqhakaze amehlo futhi azwelayo.
Izidingo zokunakekelwa nokugcinwa kwe-iris
Ukuze uhlale ngokunethezekile ekudingisweni, i-aquarium iris Okokuqala kumele kube nendawo yokunyakaza. Ngenxa yalokho, i-aquarium ayikwazi ukuba yincane. Kungaphezu kwamalitha angama-50, kumhlambi wezinhlanzi ezingama-6-10.
Lezi zidalwa ezihambayo zithanda ukuhamba zizungeze izithiyo, zifihle futhi zixosheke, ziphuma lapho kuqamekelwa khona. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuyadingeka ukutshala izitshalo e-aquarium, ezizungezile ngeke zisebenze, ngoba inhlanzi ingalimala noma, uma ukulingiswa kwenziwa ngezicubu, kuvala amathumbu abo.
Kepha isikhala futhi asifanele ukungcola nge-algae, izinhlanzi zidinga indawo "yemidlalo". Badinga nokukhanya okuhle, izinhlanzi zakusihlwa azithandi, kanye nesistimu yokusebenza "yempilo ukusekela", okungukuthi - ukuhlunga nokuncipha.
Isithombeni sika-Boesman sika-iris
Isici okuqukethwe kwe-iris Ungabheka isimo esibaluleke kakhulu - i-aquarium kufanele ivalwe, kepha ngasikhathi sinye - iphephile. Iqiniso ngukuthi ngesikhathi semisebenzi yabo ejwayelekile.
Lokho wukuthi, imidlalo yokubamba, i-aquarium fish iris gxuma emanzini. Ngendlela efanayo nasendalweni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kungenzeka iwele hhayi emanzini, kodwa phansi eduze, futhi, kufe.
Ngokuvamile, ukunakekela lezi zidalwa ezinobubi, njenge nokugcina inhlanzi uthingo ayidingi mzamo okhethekile, into ebaluleke kunazo zonke ukuthi ekuqaleni ukhethe i-aquarium ehlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo.
Umsoco we-Iris
Neon nezinye izinhlobo inhlanzi uthingo ezindabeni zokudla azifunwa nhlobo. Bayokujabulela ukudla ukudla okwomile, konke kuphila futhi kube yiqhwa.
Esithombeni, iParkinson's iris
E-aquarium, kuyadingeka ukufaka amasongo anciphisa ukusakazeka kokudla ngaphezulu kwamanzi, futhi anikeze okuphakelayo njengokudliwayo yinhlanzi, ngoba ayikhuphi ukudla kusuka phansi. Esikhundleni sokudla okuphilayo kuzoba kuhle:
Futhi, izinhlanzi zizokujabulela ukudla ukudla kwemifino.
Izinhlobo ze-iris
Sekukonke, izinhlobo ezingama-72 zalezi zinhlanzi zihlala emhlabeni, zihlukaniswe ososayensi zaba ngu-7 genera. Noma kunjalo, kuma-aquariums, njengomthetho, gcina okulandelayo izinhlobo zemicibisholo:
- Neon iris
Fish shimmer, sengathi uhlala ngaphansi kokukhanya kwe-neon. Akufuneki kokudla okunempilo, kepha kuzwela kakhulu ekushintsheni kwezinga lokushisa nokwakheka kwamanzi. Ihlala ishukuma njalo, ithanda ukubhukuda ende futhi igxuma kakhulu emanzini.
Izithombe ezinikelwe nge-neon iris
- Iris izindlela ezintathu
Intandokazi yabasolwandle. It got igama layo ngenxa ubukhona emzimbeni emzimbeni wamaqembu amathathu akhiwe kude. Ibekezelela ukuguquguquka okuncane ekubumbeni kwamanzi kanye namazinga okushisa.
Kulesi sithombe uthingo olunezindlela ezintathu
Omunye wabamele abakhulu bomndeni we-rainbow, izinhlanzi azivamile ukuba ngaphansi kwama-10 cm ubude. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, badinga i-aquarium enkulu - isikhathi eside, esingcono, kepha ekujuleni abakufunanga ikakhulukazi.
- I-Boesman's iris
Imibala ekhanyayo kakhulu, ngisho neyomndeni "we-rainbow" - ingaphezulu lomzimba, kufaka ikhanda, linombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi phansi lugcwele owolintshi noma obomvu. Lezi zinhlanzi azibuthandi ubumnyama impela, zithande nokulala phambi kwanoma yikuphi ukuboniswa okuhlala njalo okulingisa ukukhanya kwelanga.
- I-Rainbow Glossolepis
Muhle kakhulu futhi ungumbuso. Umbala wale nhlanzi uyimithunzi yonke ebomvu, ngombala obomvu, ngasikhathi sinye, ucwebezela ngegolide. Onamahloni kakhulu futhi ofisa ukwazi konke, uthanda izitshalo ze-aquarium ukwedlula ezinye. Kuyinto engathandeki ekudleni, kepha ithambekele ku-pH, inkomba akufanele idlule ku-6-7.
Izithombe: Glossolepis iris
- Iris turquoise noma i-melanothenia
Ukuzola kunakho konke, emvelweni kuhlala kumachibi. Umbala uhlukaniswe ngesigamu - kanye nobude. Isidumbu esiphezulu sinobuhlalu obucebile. Futhi isisu singaba nezithunzi eziluhlaza noma zesiliva. Okuhle ngokumangazayo, ikakhulukazi uma kuqhathaniswa ne-iris ebomvu.
I-turquoise iris enezithombe
Okuwukuphela kwakho konke okuhlobene ngesizotha nokukhipha amanzi kancane. Uthanda ukudla okubukhoma, ikakhulukazi omiyane abakhulu kanye namajwabu egazi. Kwesinye isikhathi lezi zinhlanzi zibizwa - iso iris, leli binzana le-colloquial libhekisela kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-iris ngokuvamile, futhi alilona igama lanoma yikuphi ukuhlukahluka. Bayibize kanjalo ngenxa yamehlo amakhulu, aqabulayo.
Izinhlobo ze-Aquarium
I-iran-iris iris yathola igama layo ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo okungafani nalokhu: Imicu eyodwa ebanzi idlula kwi-axis yomzimba, i-iridescent enemithunzi eminingana eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isikali sikhanya nge-flicker yethusi, sipendwe ngombala obomvu, ophuzi, oluhlaza okotshani kanye no-orange. Umzimba uyindilinga, uthambile ezinhlangothini, amehlo amakhulu asekhanda. Inhlanzi inamaphinifa aphakathi ayisayizi we-red-orange hue, i-anal fa yinde.
Ukunakekela inhlanzi kudinga ukondliwa njalo: kuthanda ama-crustaceans, ukudla okuphilayo nokuqandisiwe, izitshalo. Amapharamitha wokuvumela wamanzi: izinga lokushisa 22-25 degrees, ubunzima 8-25 °, acidity - 6.5-8.0 pH.
U-Iris popondetta (amehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) - u-melanotenia uduma kusuka emihlolweni ekhanyayo yaseNew Guinea. Ihluke kwamanye amalungu omndeni ngensimbi ye-bifurcated umsila we-bifurcated kanye namehlo amakhulu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. I-Popondetta emvelweni ifinyelela usayizi wama-5-6 cm, izinhlanzi ze-aquarium zincanyana - cm 3-4. Umbala we-popondetta melanotenia ucwetshwe ngokugqamile, umzimba ubonakale kancane. Imibala eluhlaza, ephuzi neblue okwesibhakabhaka icwazimula ngezikhathi ezithile esikalini. Gill ihlanganisa obomvu-okusajingijolo. Onke amaphini asobala, ngombala ophuzi. I-Popondetta yinhlanzi efundayo enomlingiswa onokuthula, ongaxazululwa e-aquarium ejwayelekile nge-zebrafish, tetra, rassbori nenhlanzi encane ephansi. Ukubhukuda ezingxenyeni zamanzi eziphakathi. I-aquarium okungenani yamalitha angama-40 anezimila eziningi ezinamapulangwe kufanelekile ukuhlala. I-Popondetta idinga indawo eningi yokubhukuda. Amapharamitha anconyiwe wamanzi: lokushisa ama-24- 24 degrees, i-acidity 6.5-8.0 pH, ubulukhuni - 5-12 o.
Emvelweni, idla izinambuzane nezibungu zazo, ama-crustaceans amancane. I-turquoise irises idla kahle e-aquarium: inganikezwa imichilo yegazi, izingono, izibungu nezinambuzane, kwesinye isikhathi itshala ukudla. Ukudla okuphoqayo ngamavithamini ukuze ulondoloze umbala womzimba. Ubukhulu obukhulu ekudingisweni yi-12-15 cm.
I-Turquoise iris - ubuhle obumangalisayo bezinhlanzi. Umzimba uyindilinga, mncane, uphakeme ezinhlangothini. Ekubonisweni okukhanyayo, izikali zacwazimula ngemibala ehlukahlukene: luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, omhlophe, ophuzi, oluhlaza. Umhlane nomsila kukhona ukotini, isisu simhlophe qwa.I-Dorsal Fin emincane, i-anal ebanzi kakhulu. Amehlo ezinhlanzi makhulu. Ngobudala, umzimba we-iris uthambile.
Bheka i-irquoise iris.
Umzimba we-iris muhle kakhulu - u-oval, uphakeme, uthambile ezinhlangothini. Umbala wesikali i-turquoise-isiliva nge-tint yethusi. Amehlo makhulu, i-dorsal fin imincane, i-anal fin ibanzi. I-caudal fin inezici ezimbili. Isikhathi sokuphila ekudingisweni: iminyaka eyi-5-8.
Esikhungweni sezingane sasekhaya, yonke i-melanotenia ikhula ibe yinhle futhi inempilo, zonke izinhlobo zigcwele ngombala womzimba okhanyayo. Lezi zingcweti zamanzi ezingafaniyo ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlala emanzini ahlanzekile angahlanzekile. Dala izimo ezifanele isilwane ngasinye ukuze waphila impilo ende nethe ukuthula.
I-iris ehambisanayo nezinye izinhlanzi
At i-iris iyahambelana It is ithuthukiswe kahle, ihlangana kahle nabo bonke abamele umndeni wayo. Yini enomthelela ekwakhekeni kombala ogqamile oyingqayizivele e-aquarium.
Iphinde ihlangana nazo zonke izinhlanzi ezincane, ngaphandle kwezilwane ezidla ezinye ezingazingela imicibisholo. Futhi akukho ngaphansi kwezimo, u-iris angaphila no:
Ukuzala kanye nezimpawu zobulili ze-iris
Kulula ukwahlukanisa abesilisa nabesifazane, amadala ngenhlanzi. Ukuthomba esikhathini sokuthomba kwenzeka esikhathini esivela ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya onyakeni. Owesilisa ubomvu emafini, kusuka kowesifazana, lapho umthunzi wamaphiko uphuzi noma ubomvu.
Izinhlanzi zingavela zombili ngqo ku-aquarium, nasekhejini elihlukile. Asikho isidingo sokubeka ngababili ngokuzalanisa, awadli amaqanda e-iris, kodwa ayakwenza ukuzalanisa i-iris elula kakhudlwana. Ukuzalanisa, izimo ezimbili zibalulekile:
- izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingaphezu kwama-degrees angama-28, lilungile - 29,
- Imodi ye-pH isuka ku-6.0 iye ku-7.5.
Uma zonke izimo zihlangatshezwa, izinhlanzi zihlotshaniswa ngokusobala, kepha zingashayi ngokushesha ukuzala, ungakhuthaza le nqubo ngokuthi okokuqala wehlise izinga lokushisa kancane, hhayi kuphela ngokuqinile futhi ungabi ngaphansi kwama-degree angama-24. Futhi-ke, ngemuva kokuthi i-iris isijwayele, kuzothatha cishe izinsuku ezi-2 - ukuyikhulisa ngokushesha ngama-2 degrees.
Thenga i-iris empeleni, lezi zidalwa ezingathembeki futhi ezikhanyayo cishe zikuyo yonke into ekhethekile. Futhi izindleko zabo ngokwesilinganiso ama-ruble ayi-100-150.