Ama-squid angama-invertebrates amakhulu kakhulu futhi aneselula kakhulu olwandle olujulile.

Emvelweni kunezinhlobo ezingama-210 zala mollusks, ubukhulu bawo buhlukahluka kusuka kumamitha ayi-0.25 kuya ku-16.5. Abanye babo kuphela ababhekwa njengokudliwayo: i-squid ejwayelekile (i-Loligo) yase-Argentina, iPacific, i-Commander noma i-Peruvian.

Ummeleli wama-cephalopods ahlomile ayishumi atholakala kuphela ezilwandle futhi awenzeki emzimbeni onamanzi amancane anosawoti.

Inyama ye-squid ibhekwa njengokudla futhi okunempilo phakathi kokudla kwasolwandle. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamaprotheni wokugaya kalula, amavithamini (C, PP, B6, E) kanye namaminerali (iodine, potassium, selenium, ithusi, i-iron, i-phosphorus) kunquma ukwakheka kokuvikelwa kwemvelo komzimba, kuqinisa amasosha omzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusebenzisa i-mollusk njalo, umfutho wegazi lomuntu uvamile, i-cholesterol "embi", usawoti osindayo uyadedelwa, amandla ayathuthuka, futhi isimo somoya siyathuthuka.

Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezizuzisayo, isidumbu se-squid kanye namatende asetshenziselwa ukupheka ukuthosa, ukuhambisa, ukubhema, ukomisa, ukupheka, ukulonda. Ngokwesisekelo sabo, kulungiswa amasaladi, i-sushi, inyama egayiwe, nesobho lokudla kwasolwandle.

Izitsha ze-Clam zidonswa kahle ngumzimba, zinconywa ukudla.

Isakhiwo se-squid

I-mollusk inamabili ngamabili wamatende, elinye lawo lanwetshwa ngesikhathi sokuvela kwemvelo. Izitho zomzimba we-squid zifanekiselwa yi-statocysts, amehlo, papillas, ukuphefumula - ngama-gill ama-comb. Ngokuya ngohlobo, indawo yezinkomishi zokuphuza kumathendeni iyahlukahluka.

Isidumbu se-squid senziwe umjikelo obunjiwe nge-torpedo, ngenxa yalokhu kuhlelwa kukhula ijubane lokuhamba liye kumakhilomitha angama-55 ngehora “umsila” ngaphambili. Izilwane eziningi zinezinhliziyo ezintathu ezinamathele kwelinye lamapheya amathathu ama-tentpentern main. Lesi sakhiwo se-squid sinquma amandla ayo okuzivuselela. Emzimbeni wesibabule kukhona “umcibisholo” we-gladius ogcina inhliziyo, ogcina umzimba ulinganiselwe futhi usebenza njengokuqina kwegobolondo langaphakathi.

Umbala we-squid ushintsha ngaphansi kwethonya lokukhishwa kukagesi.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngejubane, ama-cephalopods ahlomile ayishumi asala ngemuva kwamahlengethwa kanye ne-tuna. Babhukudi abakhulu. Ukuphunyuka ekuphishekeleni, ama-squid angandiza amashumi amamitha ngaphezu kobuso bamanzi, njengezinhlanzi ezindizayo.

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali

Ama-squids awunakho ukunambitheka kwezinhlanzi okushiwo ukuthi, akhumbuza ngokwenyama inyama yama-lobster. I-mollusk ephekwe kahle ithambile futhi ithenda, iqukethe kalula amaprotheni okugaya, alondoloze amafutha e-polyunsaturated, izakhi ezinempilo. Ngakho-ke, ngenye indlela ibizwa ngokuthi "ulwandle i-ginseng."

Thawed 2 - 5 times mollusks unephunga lezinhlanzi ezindala nokunambitheka okumunyu. Ukuze ugweme ubuthi emzimbeni, kwenqatshelwe ukudla umkhiqizo onjalo.

Okuqukethwe kwekhalori kwe-mollusk, ngamagremu ayi-100, yile:

• okuthosiwe - 175 kilocalories,
• okubilisiwe - amakhalori angama-98.26,
• omile - 245.06 kilocalories,
• ukubhema - 286 kilojoule.

Inhlanganisela elungile kunazo zonke ze-squid nemikhiqizo elandelayo:

• izithelo ezintsha (ama-apula, izithelo zomndeni wamawolintshi, ipomegranate),
• imifino yesaladi emisha (i-bell pepper, iklabishi, amakhambi, utamatisi).

Izici ezinomsoco zemollusk zizogcinwa kakhulu uma zifakwa emanzini abilayo anosawoti bese zibilisiwe imizuzu eyi-5.

Umphumela emzimbeni

Imaphi ama-squid awusizo ku:

1. Yehlisa ukuvuvukala. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-selenium (i-63% yomuthi wansuku zonke) enyameni ye-squid inquma ikhono le-antioxidant lomkhiqizo futhi kunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwe-arthritis nobuhlungu.
2. Basiza ukudonsa insimbi. Kumagremu angama-85 ama-mollusk agxila ku-90% wesilinganiso sansuku zonke sethusi.Lezimbiwa zibandakanyeka ekwakhekeni kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu, ukumuncwa kanye nemetabolism yensimbi, futhi kuvimbela ukukhula kwe-anemia.
3. Gcina impilo yezinwele, amapuleti ezipikili, isikhumba, izicubu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-squid - umthombo omuhle kakhulu wamaprotheni wezilwane, okumbiwa kancane kancane emzimbeni womuntu, uvimbela ukuqoqwa kwamaphawundi angeziwe.
4. Qinisa ushukela wegazi.
5. Yehlisa ingozi yokuthola isifo senhliziyo (isifo sohlangothi, isifo senhliziyo) ngokunciphisa izinga le-homocysteine ​​emzimbeni.
6. Ubuhlungu bekhanda, ama-migraines ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-thiamine ne-riboflavin.
7. Banika izicubu zamathambo namazinyo “ngezinto zokwakha” - i-phosphorus, i-calcium.
8. Qinisa ukungatheleleki ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-zinc ekwakhiweni. Kufakazelwe ngokwesayensi ukuthi ukuntuleka kwalesi sakhi kwenza umzimba uthinteke ezifweni ezithelelanayo.
9. Yehlisa umfutho wegazi, vimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-hypertension.
10. Izinzwa zokuphumula, unciphise imisipha yokuncipha.
11. Susa usawoti osindayo osindayo.
12. Izinhlelo ze-endocrine ne-thyroid zigcinwa ziphilile.

Ngokungafani nezinkomo nenyama yenkukhu, ama-squids awanayo i-cholesterol, ngakho-ke, abantu abanezifo zenhliziyo, imithambo yegazi ivunyelwe ekudleni.

Ezinye izakhiwo ezizuzisayo ze-mollusk:

• sinciphisa isimo sesisu,
• kuvusa ukukhishwa kwejusi esiswini,
• imunca kahle
• Akudaleli ukungakhululeki nosizi esiswini.

Ama-squids anomsebenzi wokugaya, ukuthuthukisa inkumbulo, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwengqondo, kanye nokukhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwemisipha okusheshayo. Ngakho-ke, zingumkhiqizo wokudla "ofanele" wabasubathi nabakhi bomzimba.

Contraindication

Ama-squid yi-allergen eqinile. Izinzuzo kanye nokulimala kwesibalo sombane kuncike endaweni yokuhlala kwabantu abahlala olwandle. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, okuqukethwe kwe-mercury emizimbeni yamanzi kukhula ngokushesha, futhi ukudla kwasolwandle, kumunca futhi kuqongelele konke ukungcoliswa kwezimboni. Ngenxa yalokhu, inani labo lokudla liyacindezelwa. Imikhiqizo enjalo ibeka ingozi empilweni yabantu.

Ukuxhumana kokusetshenziswa kwe-squid:

1. Ukungabekezelelani komuntu ngamunye kumkhiqizo.
2. Allergy.
3. Isilonda sesisu.
4. I-cholesterol ekhuphukile yegazi. Amagremu ayi-100 enyama ye-squid aqukethe ama-milligram angama-260 wamakhompiyutha ayingozi (ama-87%).

Akunconyelwe ukusebenzisa obhemayo noma obomile obomile ngaphezulu kwama-gramu ayi-150 ngasikhathi, ngoba bagcina uketshezi emzimbeni, bavuse usawoti, banikeze umthwalo oqinile emgodini wokugaya ukudla, futhi babhebhethekisa isimo sesikhumba. I-squid ebilisiwe ayinalo la maphutha, ukwakheka kwe-BJU kungumkhiqizo wokudla.

Ukudla kwesikwidi

Okuqukethwe kwekhalori okuphansi kwenyama ye-mollusk kuvumela umkhiqizo ukuthi usetshenziswe ekudleni kokudla. Indlela yokunciphisa isisindo ku-squid iqinile ekudleni. Inzuzo eyinhloko yokudla iwusizo lomkhiqizo, okungukuthi ngokulandela izakhamzimba alungenaphansi kwemikhiqizo yenyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlelo lokudla okunomsoco lwakha ukuntuleka kwe-iodine emzimbeni, lithuthukisa indlala yegilo, yehlise i-cholesterol, futhi isuse nosawoti wezinsimbi ezisindayo. Ububi bokudla yi-monotony. Ngenxa yokuthi inyama ye-squid ayinawo amanoni, umkhiqizo udonswa kalula ngaphandle kokulayisha umgudu wokugaya ukudla.

Isikhathi sendlela ye-squid iviki eli-1. Ukwehla kwesisindo kwalesi sikhathi kungamakhilogremu amane. Ukuze uthuthukise umphumela, zivivinya umzimba izinsuku eziyisikhombisa (yenza i-aerobics, ukuhamba, ukugijima, ukubhukuda).

Ukudla kwansuku zonke kwama-squid:

ibhulakufesi - izindandatho ze-squid ebilisiwe (enganakiwe) - amagremu ayi-100, ujusi osanda kufakwa ku-orange noma ku-apula - milliliters ayi-200, isaladi yemifino eluhlaza - amagremu ayi-100,

isidlo sasemini - isidumbu se-squid esibilisiwe (i-sirloin) - izingcezu ezi-2, eliphakathi kwe - izingcezu ezi-2.

isidlo sakusihlwa - amagremu ayi-100 of ushizi we-feta, itiye eliluhlaza - ama-milliliters angama-250, isaladi yabamhlophe beqanda, i-squid ebilisiwe, enongwe ngo-10% ukhilimu omuncu - amagremu ayi-100.

Kuyo yonke inkathi yokuncipha kwesisindo, phuza ama-juices yemifino, osamanzi (1.5 amalitha ngosuku), itiye eliluhlaza. Ngesikhathi sokudla, kwenqatshelwe ukudla izinongo, usawoti, imayonnaise, namakhekhe, ukudla okunamafutha nokuthosiwe.Ngokudla okuhlukahlukene, buyisela isaladi le-squid nesobho lokudla kwasolwandle.

Isiphetho

I-squid - "i-ginseng yolwandle" yomzimba womuntu, esekela uhlelo lwe-endocrine, iqinisa izicubu zenhliziyo, imithambo yegazi, isuse ubuthi futhi ithuthukise ukugaya.

Ukwakheka okuhle (B: W: Y = 18: 2.2: 2) nokuqukethwe okuphansi kwekhalori komkhiqizo (ama-110 kilocalories ngamagremu ayi-100) kwenza sikwazi ukusebenzisa i-mollusk ngesikhathi sokunciphisa umzimba.

Izici eziwusizo ze-squid zincike kwikhwalithi. Lapho ukhetha izidumbu, sicela wazi ukuthi kufanele zifakwe iqhwa, hhayi zinamathele, zihlukaniswe kalula komunye nomunye. Ifilimu emboza umzimba we-mollusk ingahle ibe no-grey-pink noma onsomi. Umbala wayo uncike endaweni yokuhlala nobudala abahlali basolwandle. Inyama ye-squid ngaphansi kwefilimu kufanele ibe mhlophe. Uma enye yezindlela ingahambelani namaqiniso, lokhu kubonisa ukwephulwa kwezimo zokugcina umkhiqizo. Lapho upheka, i-squid enjalo izovumbuka, ibe nomunyu futhi ibenamandla.

Musa ukuzithenga izidumbu ezihlafunwe, ngoba lapho kungekho khona izikhumba zemollusk, ukunquma ukuthi ukutholakala kwazo kuyinkinga.

Isikwele Ingabe ama-cephalopods, anemilenze eyi-10. Badla isilinganiso esikhulu sesikhathi. Othandekayo squid eRoma naseGrisi. Namuhla, kunezinhlobo ezingama-200 zama-squid, kepha ikakhulukazi ama-squid ajwayelekile asetshenziselwa ukudla, ubude bawo buhlukahluka kusuka ku-20 kuye ku-50 cm, futhi isisindo singama-300 g. Le mollusk inekhanda, amatende kanye nesiqu (bheka isithombe).

Emashalofini ungathola ama-squid asanda kufrinywa, omisiwe nanothile.

Ungayikhetha kanjani futhi uyigcine?

Ukuze uzuze ngokusetshenziswa kwe-squid nesitsha esilungiselelwe kusuka kule mollusk siphume simnandi ngempela, kufanele ulandele izeluleko ezithile lapho ukhetha:

1. Kunconywa ukuthenga squid eqandisiwe. Uma ubona izidumbu sezingcolile, vele wazi: ngesikhathi sokupheka zizoba zibukekayo futhi zibabaze, okusho ukuthi lesi sidlo sizokonakala. Cabanga ukuthi kwi-squid eqandiswe ngokufanele akumele kube ngaphezulu kwe-8% yesisindo seqhwa sayo.
2. Izidumbu ezisezandleni zemifino kufanele zihlukaniswe kalula komunye nomunye - lokhu kuwuphawu lokuthi azange ziphinde zigcinwe iqhwa. Ngokuvamile, ama-mollusks angena ezitolo emabhokisini, lapho kukhona ama-briquette ama-3. Kuwo ngamunye wabo, cishe ama-11 kg we-squid. Ukuze uqiniseke ngekhwalithi, cela umthengisi ukuthi ahlukanise izidumbu kusukela ebriquette futhi ungakhethi lezo ezisekhawunteni.
3. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ikhwalithi yemollusk incike kumbala wefilimu, kepha lokhu akunjalo. Ubukhulu nombala wefilimu kuncike kwendawo yokuhlala. Into esemqoka ukuthi inyama engaphansi kwayo ibimhlophe.
4. Uma ubona i-squid fillet, ngakho-ke kungcono ukungayithengi, ngoba ukuyithola kubantu abakhulu be-Peruvian squid. Into ukuthi ama-mollusks anokunambitheka okuthile, okuzodinga ukucubungula okwengeziwe kuwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-squid anjalo aqandwe kaningi, okonakalisa ukunambitheka kwawo nokubukeka.
5. Akunconywa futhi ukuthi uthenge ama-squid asevele ehlaziwe, njengoba sezinqunyiwe, futhi, njengoba usuqonde, lokhu kungukuphula umthetho omkhulu.
6. Ngokuqondene namasongo e-squid, lokhu, empeleni, kungukuchithwa kwama-squid amakhulu, ayefakwe yiqhwa amaningi.
7. Lapho ukhetha, kubalulekile ukuthi izidumbu zihlale zingenamuntu, ngaphandle kwamabala, noma yikuphi ukulimala, njll. Futhi khumbula ukuthi uma isidumbu sesincane, siyakuba mnandi kakhulu inyama eshisayo.

Isidumbu esidumbile singagcinwa efrijini izinyanga ezi-4. Uma usunqobile ama-squid, khona-ke kufanele afakwe esitsheni se-vacuum, nawo, okufanele abekwe esiqandisini. Isikhathi sokubeka yizinsuku ezi-3. I-squid ephekiwe kufanele ifakwe esitsheni ngesembozo esifanelekile futhi esiqandisiwe, kepha ingabi ngaphezu kosuku.

Izici ezizuzisayo

Izici eziwusizo ze-squid ziwukubakhona kwayo kwezinto ezahlukahlukene ezidingekayo ekusebenzeni komzimba okujwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, inyama yale mollusk iqukethe amaprotheni anokugaya kalula, okubaluleke kakhulu kulabo abahola indlela yokuphila esebenzayo.

Ingwane iqukethe semali taurine, okuyinto unekhono ukunciphisa igazi cholesterol kanye kujwayeleke blood pressure. Ngenxa yokusebenzisa njalo i-squid, unganciphisa kakhulu ubungozi besifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.

Kukhona i-Vitamin E ne-selenium kuma-mollusks - izinto ezisiza ekuhlanzeni umzimba kasawoti wezinsimbi ezisindayo.

Ibuye ibe eziningi iodine, ethuthukisa ukusebenza indlala yegilo.

Ngokusebenzisa njalo i-squid, uhlelo lokugaya luyathuthuka. Ngokuhambisana neminye imikhiqizo, kuvusa ukukhiqizwa kwejusi yesisu.

Kwakuthinta Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi mollusk enze izinto njengengelosi kwesinye ejenti antisclerotic, ngalokho-ke bayibiza ngcono umsebenzi engqondo kanye inkumbulo.

Ukupheka kokusetshenziswa

I-squid ingumkhiqizo wokudla odumile ekuphekeni, lapho ungenza izitsha eziningi ezahlukahlukene. mollusk kungaba Culic : bhaka, gazinga, ubilise, ukhukhamba, womile, ubheme, njll. Kuklanywe futhi Squids kungenziwa ezazigxishwe imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene, isibonelo, okusanhlamvu, izithelo ezomisiwe, imifino, amakhowe, njll Squids nazo ukungezwa amasaladi, ukudla okulula, kuqala futhi izifundo yesibili. Ngokubambisana nokunye ukudla kwasolwandle, zingasetshenziswa njengezindawo zokubekezela zepizza namanye amakhukhi.

Ungapheka kanjani ukunambitha kwe-squid?

Squid iwumkhiqizo okudinga ukucutshungulwa ekhethekile Culinary ukwenza isidlo sokugcina kuwo esihlwabusayo futhi unempilo. Ngakho-ke, siphakamisa ukuthi uzijwayeze izimfihlo ezizokuvumela ukuthi ubhekane nezinkinga ezithile ezingase ziphakame lapho kulungiswa lezi zinhlaka:

1. Okokuqala kufanele unciphise izidumbu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uyibeke ku esiqandisini futhi ulindele ukuba igcwale amanzi kahle. Kuzothatha isikhathi esiningi, kepha ngale ndlela kuzokwazi ukugcina inani eliphezulu lomsoco enyameni yama-mollusks.
2. Isinyathelo esilandelayo esibalulekile ukuzihlanza ekhaya. Ungase futhi ukuhlanza isidumbu eqandisiwe ngokuthela amanzi abilayo phezu kwalo, lokhu kungabangela ifilimu ukuzigoqa futhi ungakwazi kalula isuse. Ama-squid eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kufanele afakwe emanzini ashisayo, kodwa hhayi emanzini abilayo, imizuzu emithathu. Lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula ukususa isikhumba ngezandla zakho. Ungakhohlwa ukususa amapuleti okusobala ukuthi kukhona ngaphakathi isidumbu.
3. Uma ufuna ukupheka i-squid, khona-ke amanzi adinga ukubiliswa kusengaphambili futhi engeza izinongo kuwo. Izidumbu kufanele zehliselwe emanzini abilayo, khona-ke pan kufanele ivalwe ngesivalo bese icisha umlilo. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-10, i-squid uzolunga.
4. Uma ufuna ukudla ama-squid, kufanele uqale ugcobe u-anyanisi, izaqathe kanye negalikhi, bese kuthi imizuzu eyi-5 kuphela ngaphambi kokuphela kokupheka ufake i-squid. Ukupheka kuyadingeka ngesivalo esivaliwe.
5. Uma ufuna Fry squids ke udinga ukwenza lokhu on ukushisa high iminithi elingu-1. Ngemuva kwalokho umlilo kufanele ucishwe bese umboza epanini ngesivalo.
6. Ungasebenzisa noma iyiphi inketho ukushada nesikwati. Shellfish kufanele kwesokunxele for pickling amahora ama-2.

Ekwelashweni kwe-squid okushisa ukushisa, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuyifeza ngokushesha okukhulu, ukuvezwa isikhathi eside ekushiseni okuphezulu kwenza inyama yalesi mollusk ibe nzima.

Incazelo yesikwidi

Squids kukhona cephalopods decapod . Zazilungiselelwe eRoma naseGrisi yasendulo. Abantu basendulo banikeza igama elithi mollusk igama elithi “inhlanzi ezinamaphiko” ngoba libhukuda lisebenzisa amathuluzi alo asethempelini. It kungokwalabo abakhileyo esheshayo zezilwandle. Ama -fishfish kuphela, ama-tuna kanye namahlengethwa ahamba ngokushesha kunaye. Lapho isilwane sasolwandle esikhudlwana sijaha isikwati, sibhukuda ngejubane elikhulu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi siphume emanzini, indize amashumi amaningana amamitha emoyeni bese ibuyela olwandle.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi squid emhlabeni - mayelana 200 . Kepha kudliwa abanye kuphela. E-Russia, ngokwesibonelo, izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu yi-squid evamile. ubude bayo zokhahlamba kusuka 20 kuya 50 cm, kanye nesisindo salo 200-300 g. Kwamanye amazwe, ezinye zezinhlanzi adliwayo.Ekujuleni kolwandle ungahlangana ne-squid enkulu. Ubude bomzimba wale mollusk bungafika kumamitha angama-20. Umzimba wes squid uqukethe umzimba (ubizwa nangokuthi yingubo) nezibhunga. Esigqokweni kukhona zonke izitho zangaphakathi nesikhwama seyink. Ngesikhathi sokuzivikela, ifu le-ink liphuma kulesi sikhwama, elimboza konke okuzungezile futhi lidide isitha. Ngalesi sikhathi, squid ingashiya ngokuphepha enkundleni yempi.

Ama-squid, ajwayele ukudliwa, atholakala olwandle lwase-Eshiya, amaJapan, amaChinese namaVietnam ahlanganyela ekubambeni kwawo. Ungaphinde uhlangane nabo oLwandle lwase-Okhotsk kanye nolwandle lwase-Argentina.

Ukwakhiwa kwesikwidi

Ngendlela yalo evamile, i-squid inamanzi impela . Inamanzi acishe abe yi-80%. Kunamaprotheni amaningi enyameni ye-squid, acishe abe yi-16 g nge-100 g yomkhiqizo. Kepha amakhalori aphansi kakhulu emafutheni nama-carbohydrate, okwenza kube ngumkhiqizo omuhle kakhulu wokudla.

Inyama ye-squid inokwakheka kakhulu kwamavithamini. . Inevithamini B4 eningi (choline), inothile ngo-Vitamin C no-B3 (niacin). Futhi inyama ye-squid iqukethe amavithamini A, B1, B2, B5, B6, B9, B12 no-E.

Kuma macronutrients, kukhona iningi le-potassium ne-phosphorus kuyo. Kukhona ne-calcium, i-sodium ne-magnesium. Inothile ngezinto ezahlukahlukene zokulandela umkhondo. Inyama ye-squid iqukethe inani elikhulu lethusi ne-zinc, futhi iqukethe i-iron, i-manganese ne-selenium.

Ngaso leso sikhathi, inyama ye-squid inenani eliphansi lamandla - yi-86 kcal kuphela nge-100 g yomkhiqizo.

Ungayidla kanjani squid

Imvamisa squid liphekwa lonke, lisusa kuphela izitho zangaphakathi . Futhi umzimba kanye namatende kuyadliwa futhi kumnandi kakhulu. Ukupheka i-squid, kufanele uqale ukhiphe isikhumba. Futhi kunezitsha eziningi kakhulu ezine-squid ongazilahlekisela ukubala. Zibilisiwe, zithosiwe, futhi zibhakwa, futhi zidliwe, futhi zomile, futhi zenziwe ngomshini, futhi zenziwe ngomsele. Ngabo ungenza amasaladi, ukhonze njengesitsha sesibili ngendishi esehlangothini, ukhonze kwifomu elomisiwe likabhiya futhi upheke ngisho nesobho. Lezi zimbumbulu zithandwa kakhulu emazweni ase-East Asia naseMedithera. Isibonelo, amaGrikhi ayithanda kakhulu irayisi nesobho le-squid. Futhi abakhileyo e-Italiyane baphethe nge-pepper ebomvu.

Inombolo yeresiphi. Isikwele nerayisi obisini

Ukuze ushaye i-squid ngelayisi, udinga ukuthatha inyama engu-0,5 entsha noma eqandisiwe ye-squid, 1 inkomishi yelayisi, u-2 u-anyanisi, izipuni eziyi-1.5 zikafulawa, izipuni ezi-3 zebhotela, izinkomishi ezi-0,5 zobisi nezinongo zokunambitha.

Ama-squid adinga ukugawulwa ngaphambi kokugaywa, aqoshwe isikhumba futhi ahlutshelwe kahle emanzini ampompo. Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukupheka irayisi. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akubilisi. Futhi kungcono ukungayipheki kancane ukuze irayisi liqhume. Inyama ye-squid idinga ukusikwa, okuthosiwe okuncane futhi ihlanganiswe nelayisi. Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukuthosa u-anyanisi oqoshiwe ku-oyela yemifino bese uyixube nelayisi ne-squid. Ubisi, ibhotela kuyanezelelwa kule ngxube, usawoti nezinye izinongo kufakiwe. Konke lokhu kudinga ukufakwa epanini, ikhava bese kubila kuze kuphekwe.

Ama-squid ahlala cishe kuzo zonke izindawo ezinesimo sezulu, kufaka phakathi i-Arctic, kepha atholakala kakhulu emanzini athambile nasendaweni ephansi. Ama-squid ahlala olwandle olusenyakatho anosayizi omncane uma kuqhathaniswa nezihlobo zaseningizimu futhi iningi alinawo umbala. Ama-squid anezimbili ezinhlanu zamatende. Umbhangqwana wesine wandiswa ngesikhathi sokuvela kwemvelo. Ukutholakala kwezinkomishi zokuphuza kumathendeni kuyahlukahluka. Izitho zokuphefumula ze-squid zingama-gill. Izitho zemizwa zingama-2, ama-papillas amabili.

Umbala wehlukile, ezinhlotsheni eziningi umbala uguquka ngaphansi kwethonya lokukhishwa kukagesi.

Onke ama-squid angabazingeli, abanamancoko emathendeni ukuze abambe inyamazane futhi asindise ezitheni. Ama-squid amaningi anezinhliziyo ezintathu, ngayinye ixhumeke kwelinye lamabhangqa amathathu wezinto ezinkulu zetende. Ngenxa yalokhu, amandla okuphinda enze kabusha i-squid.

Izinhlobo eziningi ze-squid ziyadliwa, zisetshenziselwa ukupheka futhi zingaphansi kokudoba. Isidumbu siyisidleke futhi sinamatende. Isikhumba siyahlanzwa. Izindlela eziphambili zokulungiselela i-squid: ukubilisa, ukugoqa, ukuthosa, ukuhambisa, ukomisa.Zisetshenziselwa amasaladi kanye nokunye ukudla kwasolwandle nanjenge-snack ezimele.

Squids kuthiwa misela ezilwandle oseningizimu amazwe ase-Asia: eVietnam, China, Japan, njll, kanye oLwandle Okhotsk. Futhi uthole eshalofini olusePatagonia kanye Falkland Islands, eduze Peru.

Amacala aziwa ngokuhlaselwa kwe-squid kubantu.

Ancient ngesiGreki izinhlanzi ezinamaphiko

Izidlo nalezi mollusk kuthiwa iyinto enkulu hhayi kuphela labapheki yesimanje: amaGreki asendulo futhi amaRoma - gourmets ezidumile hedonists - wajabulela squid. Ezikhathini zasendulo, ama-squid ayebizwa ngokuthi izinhlanzi ezinamaphiko - ayephuma ngokushesha emanzini, egcwala amaza aseMedithera noma ejaha inyamazane encane. E-Asia, lapho kwasolwandle bekulokhu kubhekwa njengendlela ukudla main, squid othandwa kakhulu - izinzuzo zabo kanye nokulimala aziwa zonke Japanese, Chinese Vietnamese.

Esikhathini atehlukanisa eSoviet Union, squids ebengeyena wonder noma - Baqala ukuba kukhiqizwe 1960, futhi ngemva kweminyaka embalwa amakhosikazi angasebenzi ufake salads ne-squid kumathebula iholide kaNcibijane. Yini? Kokunye ukuhlelwa kwakamuva kwe-The Book on Tasty and Healthy Food, izakhamizi zaseSoviet azelulekwa ukuthi zingagcini nje kuphela iziloya zasolwandle no-anyanisi no-ukhilimu omuncu, kodwa futhi nezinto, ukugoqwa kwama-roll kanye nokudonswa okubomvu kanye nabelungu kanye nabo ...

Lokuzaliswa nokuphila kade

Isizini yokuzalanisa squid abavamile ebangela kunazo zonke onyakeni, kodwa iphakama kuyagcinwa ekuqaleni kwehlobo futhi kwentwasahlobo. Ku-clutch kunamaqanda afinyelela ku-20 000. Basuke kwabelwa zokwakheka gelatinous ijamo oblong, kepha efaniswe nibonakala ayi eside mncane. Banamathele ngesikhathi afika ku 35 metres tintfo umile futhi okuqinile ukujula. Kungaba ngamatshe amatshe, imfucumfucu ngaphansi, izidumbu ezifile, izinqwaba zesihlabathi noma zamatshe.

Isikhathi kwesikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni bathembele ngokuphelele ezintweni lokushisa. At lokushisa 22 degrees Celsius, sekuyizinsuku 25. Futhi ekushiseni kwama-degrees Celsius angama-12-14, kufinyelela ezinsukwini ezingama-40-45. izibungu achanyuselwa ukufinyelela ubude 1 cm futhi zifana abadala. Basuke nokukhula masinya. Ukwenza isibonelo, ekuhlotshweni ngo-June, ubude bengubo bufika ku-12 cm ngoDisemba. Futhi ngonyaka likhula kuya ku-20 cm. Kuvele izimpilo abavamile squid iminyaka 2-3. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abesilisa ukhule ngokushesha futhi bahlala isikhathi eside kunaleso nabesifazane.

Ukuziphatha Nempilo

Ehlobo, abameleli zilwane ngokuyinhloko agcinwa kwamamitha 20 kuya ku-80 ukujula. Ebusika bajule 250 metres uphinde uthele kancane kuze amamitha 500. Inani labantu abahlala emanzini asenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Atlantic hibernates eduze nasePortugal neMorocco, futhi entwasahlobo ligudla ugu lwaseFrance futhi luqhubeke luye Olwandle Olusenyakatho ngoMeyi - Juni. Ekwindla, isithombe okuphambene siyenzeka.

EMediterranean Sea, squids ezivamile azibi uthuthe, kodwa eziphonsa ekupheleni kwekwindla kumuntu ukujula kuka ehlobo. Ukudla okukule mollusk ikakhulukazi kunenhlanzi. Okunye cephalopods, isikhuphashe, annelids, ulwandle imicibisholo adliwayo. Abameleli beNdikimba zinhlobo futhi ukuhlasela abafowabo, okungukuthi, beyizidlova ubuzimu.

Lolu hlobo lubhekisela kwezentengiso. It kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokudla e-Europe. Ngakho-ke, njalo ngonyaka lezi cephalopods ababanjwe inqwaba. KuLwandle i-Adriatic kuphela phakathi kwe-Italiya neBalkan lapho bebamba khona kuze kufike ezinkulungwaneni zamathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-1,5 squid ejwayelekile ngonyaka. Kulula ukubamba kwabo, ngoba mollusk siphile ezikoleni ezinkulu, ngakho-ke izindleko catch uphansi.

Zizalela squid

UTHANDO nge squid? Futhi nami ngesisa. Lena akuyona cuttlefish ngawe, lapho ngaphambi besilisa isikhathi ukhetha esigabeni best of phansi, ivikela kuye kusukela abanye abantu besilisa, izicupho insikazi futhi, begqoke imibala kunazo esimnandi, kahle unakekela wakhe. Futhi hhayi ama-octopus, lapho owesilisa ekhombisa ngokukhethekile ezingxenyeni ezihlukile zowesifazane, ukuze afunde ukuthi ulungele inkonzo ebalulekile futhi awukwazi ukuyidla khona lapho, ngaphandle kokuthi uma esezitholile, kodwa kungahlala (ngokwesibonelo, igagasi elikhulu laseNyakatho Pacific East) esingaphezu hour1.Ukuqondana kwama-squid, kunjalo, okufundwe, kusondela ngesikhathi impi yomoya idlula ngokushesha: bathuthele ndawonye, ​​banamathela kanyekanye futhi bahlakazeka. Futhi awukho umkhosi! Ngakho-ke, lapho engisebenza naye, umhloli wamazwe odumile we-polar u-Igor Melnikov, ebuya ehlobo lika-1992 esuka esikhungweni esishonisa i-ice float esivela e-Antarctica (esiteshini sokudonsa imigwaqo sase-US-Russian Weddell-I) futhi wathi lapho bekhona e-ice floe emgodini, bathola inetha lama-squid amabili futhi bazolethwa maduze, - Angikwazanga ngisho nokucabanga ukuthi luzovezwa yiphi uthando lwe-squid enonya. Kepha ngokuhlelekile!

Ukumatanisa kuwo wonke ama-cephalopods kuqukethe iqiniso lokuthi owesilisa udlulisa i-spermatophores eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kowesifazane2. I-spermatophore yiphakheji enjenge-sperm ene-tube emincane. Ama-spermatophores angaba amafushane noma amade (ukusuka ngamamilimitha ambalwa ukuya kumitha noma ngaphezulu, amasayizi amasentimitha). Futhi lokhu akuyona nje ithubhu elinesidoda, kepha kuyindlela yokukhohlisa enogobolondo oyinkimbinkimbi nedivaysi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu yesidoda eermion, enezinwele ezibucayi, intwasahlobo enamandla neshubhu elinamathele anamathela kwabaphilayo, futhi ngisho nasendaweni yasemanzini (iphupho nje lodokotela ohlinzayo!) . Ama-spermatophores atholakala kowesilisa entweni ekhethekile (isikhwama seNesham), aphela ngepenisi, nayo engaba yishubhu elilula noma ithuluzi eliyinkimbinkimbi. Futhi ubanikeza insikazi kwezinye izinhlobo zezitho zomzimba, kwezinye ngesandla eziguqulwe ngokukhethekile, ibizwa nge- "hectocotyl" futhi ifakwe ngama-clamp akhethekile noma ama-tweezers ukuze abambe ngokuqinile isipermatophore esiphuma emseleni (ishubhu le-conical elivulekile elingaphansi kwekhanda - umkhulungwane we-cephalopod jet propulsion igobolondo), bese ulidlulisela kowesifazane, ulibeka endaweni lapho lidingeka khona.

Le ndawo ichaze ngokuphelele futhi inhlobo ngayinye yes squid inokwayo: kwezinye izikhala zesikhala, umgodi ongaphansi komlomo ngesigaxa sobuhlalu obujwayelekile bama-squids, kwezinye batholakala kolwelwesi lomlomo, indandatho ezungeze umlomo, kwabanye - eduze kwama-gill, odongeni lwangaphakathi lwesigqoko (ulwelwesi lwemisipha yomzimba, oligugu lolo ama-squid ngoba aludla), okwesine - ngemuva kwekhanda, emgodini okhethekile. Kodwa-ke, kubonakala sengathi, kukhona futhi izinhlobo ezinjalo zama-squid, lapho owesilisa engenandaba ukuthi uzonamathisela kuphi ama-spermatophores - ngisho nasekhanda, ngisho nomsila, ukuze nje awuthulule.

Noma ngabe ama-spermatophores abekwe emgodini okhethekile, ogcotshwe ngaphakathi kwengubo noma asatshalaliswa ngasemlonyeni - kunoma yikuphi, eshiya isidumbu sowesilisa, ahlangana namanzi olwandle, futhi nansi inqubo eqala ukusabela kwe-spermatophore, noma, ngokumane, ukuqhuma kwe-spermatophore. Izinwele ezibucayi zikhipha ulwelwesi oluncane, futhi amanzi olwandle angena ku-spermatophore membrane. Kepha igobolondo linamandla, ungqimba ezimbili, licindezela amanzi entwasahlobo, liyicindezele, futhi ekugcineni igobolondo elingaphandle alivumelani futhi liphule ekugcineni kwentwasahlobo. Isiphethu siyaphuma, sidonsa igobolondo elingaphakathi eliqukethe isidoda, bese kuthi ishubhu le-glue linamathele esikhunjeni se-squid. Lapho, isidoda silinda ngokuthula, okuyinto squid enayo kanye empilweni. I-squid ingashada ngaphambi nje kokukhula, ibe ivuthiwe ngokuphelele ngokocansi, futhi mhlawumbe eside ngaphambi kokuqhuma, izinyanga ezimbili, ezintathu, ngenkathi ingakavuthwa ngokuphelele. Kulokhu, abesilisa abekho nhlobo emabaleni okusabekayo; ngalesi sikhathi, mhlawumbe, asevele ahambile.

Nayi iqanda elishisayo lesifazane. Uma ama-spermatophores egcotshwe eduze kwama-gill - amaqanda adlula kuwo ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphuma kwama-oviducts, uma ama-spermatophores ebekwe enkunzini yowesifazane - amaqanda ahlukaniswe kabili ngezimbobo ezimbili ezinhlangothini zentamo, ngakwesobunxele nangakwesobunxele be -apeape, uma edlula edonsela emseleni, khona-ke ayadlula esedlule indandatho yama-spermatophores azungeze umlomo. Ngandlela-thile, amaqanda avela endaweni lapho kugcinwa khona isidoda, futhi avundiswa.

Ukuvuthwa okusheshayo kwama-squid kufana nokulwa kwendiza.Kuzona zozimbili lezi zinhlaka, impumelelo ngaphambi kwesikhathi iyaqinisekiswa ngobuchwepheshe: ngendiza - ngesitholi sendawo, ukubalwa kwekhompiyutha yokuhlaselwa kanye nedivayisi eyindilinga kakhulukazi ye-rocket noma isibhamu somoya, kuma-squid - ngesakhiwo esisezingeni eliphakeme samadivaysi kanye namadivaysi ahlakaniphile wokufaka isidoda endaweni efanele futhi siyigcine isebenza isimo izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu - ngaphandle kwe-nitrogen engamanzi!

Konke kubonakala kucacile. Ngesizathu esithile ngaphumelela, lokho hhayi konke. Ngisanda kufika nje ngisebenza e-Institute of Oceanology ye-Academy yezeSayensi futhi ngaqala ukufunda i-squid olwandle ne-octopus, lapho ngithola ama-squid amabili abesifazane ezandleni zami - asuswa esiswini senhlanzi ye-alepisaurus, eyabanjwa ngo-1963 oLwandle i-Indian Ocean, eningizimu yeSumatra, umphathi wami uN.V. .Parin. Womabili ama-squid ayenama-gelatinous ngokuphelele, njengokungathi awawona ama-squid, kepha ayese-jellyfish, futhi engenawo ama-tentacle. Kepha akubanga njalo ngesimo se-gelatinous ukuthi baphuze ngokweqile, futhi hhayi ngenxa yamatende, ngoba izinhlanzi zabo zazilunywe: ama-squids ayesanda mncane, umbala wonke wawugcinwa, futhi bobabili babenomucu omfishane owodwa esiswini sabo owabamba iso lami. Imichilo eyisimanga - njengoba isikwa ngommese obukhali, iqale kancane ibuyele emuva isuka emaphethelweni angaphambili bese ibheke emsileni ofana ne-eksisi yomzimba. Ama-spermatophore amakhanda avela esigabeni ngasinye, futhi yini ethokozisayo: ama-spermatophores ngokwawo abekwe kahle ngaphansi kwesikhumba (ngokuphelele!) Ezingubeni zezingubo, futhi amakhanda awo kuphela (indawo lapho kunamathiselwe khona izinwele ezibucayi) kanye nezintamo (lapho entwasahlobo ilele khona) esigabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wonke ama-spermatophores awanalutho, ngaphandle kwesidoda, igobolondo elilodwa. Ngokusobala, isidoda sasetshenziselwa injongo yaso eyayihlosiwe: zombili izinsikazi ziyahluma, futhi zazingenamaqanda avuthiwe.

Ama-squid anjalo kudala achazwa ezincwadini. Kwakukholelwa ukuthi lolu uhlobo olukhethekile nezinhlobo zeChaunoteuthis mollis (mollis ezithambile ngesiLatini), lapho, ngokungejwayelekile, kwakwaziwa abesifazane kuphela, bonke abavuthiwe, bonke be-gelatinous, bonke ngaphandle kwamatshe futhi benemisipha esiswini sabo: ubani onqunywe munye , ngakwesokudla noma kwesobunxele maphakathi nesisu (a - c kulesibalo), onezimbili (ezinhlangothini zombili). Futhi ezigabeni - ama-spermatophores. Kepha lolu hlobo nezinhlobo kungumndeni lapho zonke ezinye izinhlobo nezinhlobo zinenyama, zineziboshwa ezinkulu ezibunjiweyo nezinamachashazi amakhulu ahlala izingwegwe ezinkulu ezibukhali. Umndeni ubizwa ngokuthi: i-hook-squid, u-Onychoteuthidae. Cabanga: ama-squits angama-meaty, aboshwe, kepha ngaphandle kwenyama nezingwegwe. Futhi ngaphandle kwabesilisa.

Kwenzeka kanjani ukwenzeka kwesisu sowesifazane futhi amaqanda ahlanganiswa kanjani? Ababhali abahlukahlukene baphakamise ukuthi, bathi, owesilisa wenza ukusikeka ngoqhwaku wakhe, kuthi owesifazana, afafaze amaqanda, awashise ngaphansi kwesisu sakhe, nasendleleni avundiswa ngayo. Okumangalisa: Uqhwaku lwe-squid, njengomlomo wompheki, alusilo uzipho, luhle ngokuluma, kepha hhayi ngokusika ukudla, lungaphula isembatho sowesifazane esithambile, kodwa hhayi ukusika. Amaqanda aphuma emgodleni aqonde ekhanda, futhi kunzima ukuthi insikazi iwaguqule esiswini sayo, futhi uma iphumelela, mangaki amaqanda okuvundiswa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa okungaka?

Kunzima kakhulu kulabo abahlala ekujuleni okungaphezu kwamakhilomitha amabili ukuzala. Yingakho ama-squid asolwandle olujulile eye asungula izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zohlobo lokuzala.

Isazi sebhayoloji uHenk-Jan Hwing waseNyuvesi yaseGroningen unesithakazelo sendlela yokuzala kwe-squid ye-Decapodiform cephalopods. Ngokwengeziwe kule cephalopod, uHothando uphenye okungenani ezinye izinhlobo eziyishumi ze-squid ne-cuttlefish - ukusuka kwisikwele esikhulu samamitha ayi-12 ukuya kwisikhudlwana se-mini-squid esingekho ngaphezulu kwama-25 mm.

Ngokusho kukaHothando, ukufunda ama-squid asolwandle ngokujulile kusenzima, ngoba kunzima kakhulu ukuyifinyelela. Ukugcina la cephalopods endaweni yemvelo, kudingeka inqubo ekhethekile. Ngakho-ke, isazi sebhayoloji kwadingeka ukuthi siphinde sakhe kabusha imikhuba yezocansi ye-squid, okuqukethwe ngezinhlobo ezifile nezincazelo zabanye ochwepheshe. Kepha namanje umDashi wakwazi ukwenza ezinye izinto ezitholakele.

Njengoba isazi sezinto eziphilayo uqobo sisho, "ukukhiqiza kabusha akuyona into emnandi, ikakhulukazi uma uyisikwati."

Ezinhlotsheni zeTaningia danae mollusk, abesilisa balimaza umzimba walezi zinsikazi ngokujula kwamasentimitha amahlanu ngemilomo nezigwegwe ngesikhathi sokuzalela.Futhi konke ngoba lolu hlobo lwe-squid alunazinkomishi zokucwila. Kepha kulabo abalingani "abazisebenzisayo" bathola inzuzo enkulu. Abesilisa bafaka “imishanguzo” equkethe isidoda ekunweni - ama-spermatophores.

Abamele enye inhlobonhlobo yama-ingene asolwandle "ajabule kakhulu" ama-Moroteuthis asebenzisa indlela efanayo. Kuliqiniso, inqubo yokuvuselelwa okunjalo okungajwayelekile kwalawa ma-squid inokuthula okwengeziwe. Ama-spermatophores angena esikhunjeni ngaphandle kokulimaza. Ngokusho kukaHothando, abesilisa banezinhlobo ezithile zento, cishe i-enzyme ekuvumela ukuthi "uncibilike" isikhumba.

UHothando uthole isiqinisekiso sokuthi ama-spermatophores angena esikhunjeni eyedwa. Isazi sebhayoloji sikwazile ukubona le nqubo kuma-squid asanda kubanjwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela baseJapan baqophe icala lokufaka ama-squid spermatophores kwizicubu zomuntu. Kungekudala kakhulu, kwenziwa umsebenzi eLand of the Rising Sun, lapho "izikhwama zesidoda" ze-cephalopod zisusa khona othize wesashimi umphimbo.

Kepha i-mini-squid Heteroteuthis dispar yanquma ukukhuphula izinga lokuzalwa. Izinsikazi zalolu hlobo zihlanganisa amaqanda azo ngokuzimela, ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Ngokusho kukaHothando, bakha isikhwama esikhethekile sokugcina isidoda, esixhunywe ngqo nomthambo wangaphakathi womzimba nezitho zokuzala.

Lapho zizala, abesilisa bagcwalisa leli tank nge-sperm. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inomusa omkhulu kangangokuba ukulethwa kwayo kungafinyelela ku-3% wesisindo somzimba sowesifazane. Ngokusho kwesazi sezinto eziphilayo, le ndlela inezinzuzo eziningi kubo bobabili ubulili. Izinsikazi zingakhulisa amaqanda isikhathi eside ngokwenele bese ziwafaka kancane kancane lapho zivuthwa. Futhi abesilisa "ababhaqiwe" banesiqinisekiso sokuthi izintombi zabo zizoba nesidoda esithile.

Ukuthola Ukuthanda phakathi kwama-squid kanye nabesilisa be- "effemate". Ama-squid akuyona iminenke; i-hermaphroditism imvamisa ayenzeki kuwo. Kepha i-Ancistrocheirus lesueurii ikhombisa izindlala ezincane ezibandakanyekayo ekwenziweni kwamaqanda kwabesifazane. Ubude bomzimba balaba abangaziphathi kahle babuye bungajwayelekile impela - ngaphezu kwalabo "abesilisa" abajwayelekile.

Ukuthanda ngeke ichaze le nto futhi ikholelwa ukuthi nayo yinto efana nama-hormone avela ezibhebheni zabantu. Yikuphi kuqala ngokuhanjiswa kwendle okuwela ezindaweni ezigudle ulwandle, bese kuya ekujuleni. Kepha, isazi sebhayiloji siyanezela, lokhu kungahle kube "ukwakheka" kwayo kwama-squid - indlela eyinqayizivele yokusondela kwabesifazane.

Usosayensi wethemba ukuthi ukufunda kwakhe ngeke kusize nje kuphela ukufunda okwengeziwe ngama-cephalopods asolwandle, kepha kuzosiza nasekubavikeleni ekuhaha kobuntu. Impela, hhayi ucwaningo kuphela olungena ekujuleni, kodwa futhi neminonjana emisha yokudoba.

Imiphumela yocwaningo ishicilelwe kwiwebhusayithi ye-University of Groningen.

Kukhona izinto eziningi ezithokozisayo olwandle olujulile. Okungajwayelekile kakhulu yizakhamizi ze-phosphorescent zolwandle olujulile. I-squid, isilwane ngesinye sabantu abambalwa abanikezwe leli khono.

Umhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi uyindawo engaqondakali, okuze kube manje ayikahlolisiswa ngokuphelele. Phakathi kwabakhileyo ekujuleni kukhona izidalwa ezingagcini ngobuhle bazo kuphela, kodwa futhi ezesabekayo ngosayizi wazo namandla. Enye yezidalwa ezimangalisa kangaka yi-squid ejwayelekile - omelele ngokulandelana kwama-mollusks ahlomile ayishumi, okulesigaba se-cephalopods.

Bona ukuthi "I-squid Ejwayelekile" ikuphi kwezinye izichazamazwi:

Isigcawu se-squid Masidioteuthis flammea Isayensi ... Wikipedia

- (Loligo) isilwane esivela ekilasini lama-cephalopods (Cephalopoda), ukususwa kwe-Dibranchiata enezinhlaka ezimbili), isizinda esingaphansi sedekodi (i-Decapoda), esiqhamuka emndenini. Myopsidae. Uhlobo lwe-Loligo luphawulwa ngumzimba ophakeme, oboniswe ngemuva, onamaphiko oonxantathu ngokuhambisana ... I-Encyclopedia of Brockhaus no-Efron

- (Loligo) isilwane esivela ekilasini lama-cephalopods (Cephalopoda), i-oda lezinemilenze emibili (i-Dibranchiata), isizinda se-decapod (Decapoda), esivela emndenini. Myopsidae. Uhlobo Loligo luphawulwa ngumzimba omude, oboniswe ngemuva unophawu lwamaphiko onxantathu ...

- (Loligo) isilwane esivela esigabeni se-cephalopod mollusks (Cephalopoda), esinqunyiwe sama-gill amabili (i-Dibranchiata), isizinda se-decapods (i-Decapoda), esiqhamuka emndenini. Myopsidae. Uhlobo Loligo luphawulwa ngumzimba ophakeme, oboniswe ngemuva unophawu lwamaphiko onxantathu ... ... F.A. Encyclopedic Dictionary UBrockhaus no-I-A.A. Efroni

I-squid ejwayelekile (lat. Loligo vulgaris) ibhekisela kuma-cephalopods asuka ku-oda aneziyishumi (lat. Decapodiformes). Ihlala emanzini anosawoti. Uhla lwaso lusempumalanga ye-Atlantic Ocean ukusuka e-Ireland kuye eGuinea, kubandakanya nolwandle iMedithera.

Lawa mollusks atholakala emanzini angajulile ogwini, azibambe ezansi noma abhukuda kwikholamu yamanzi. Emazweni amaningi, inyama yabo ibhekwa njengokudla okumnandi kakhulu.

Ukudoba ama-squid okuthengiswayo kwenziwa ebusuku, lapho eqala ukuzingela ngokuhlanganyela kwemihlambi wesikole.

Isilinganiso sobulili

Imininingwane ekubalweni kobulili be-cephalopods iyindlala futhi iyaphikisana. Lokhu kungenxa yenani elilinganiselwe lezinto ezibonakalayo ezivame ukuba sezandleni zabaphenyi, ngoba ukuqoqwa kwama-squid olwandle ezimeni eziningi kwenziwa ngokuqhubekayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, singakhuluma ngesilinganiso sobulili hhayi kubantu bonke, kodwa engxenyeni ethile yaso. Isibonelo, ezindaweni ezisogwini loLwandle iMedithera ngoJanuwari nangoFebhuwari, abesilisa beLoligo vulgaris baningi kakhulu kunabesifazane, ngoMashi inani labesilisa nabesifazane balinganiswa, bese kuba khona abesifazane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abesilisa balolu hlobo bavuthwa ngaphambi kwezinsikazi futhi ngaphambili basondela ogwini ukuze bavele. Inani elingalingani kwezocansi ekubambeni lingachazwa nangosayizi abahlukahlukene abesilisa nabesifazane. Abesilisa abezindaba ze-Alloteuthis bancanyana kunabesifazane futhi ngenxa yalokhu kulula ukudlula ngokusebenzisa i-mesh yetrawls.

Ukuhlaziya imininingwane etholwe ngababhali abahlukile, sithambekele ekukholweni ukuthi isilinganiso sangempela sobulili bama-squid sisondele ku-1: 1, futhi noma ikuphi ukuphambuka okubalulekile kule ngxenye kubangelwa ngamaphutha ekuqoqweni kwezinto zokwakha. Kodwa-ke, ngokwesibonelo, kumaTodarode sagittatus izintokazi zanda kubantu, inani lazo libuye lande, ngesinye isikhathi likhulu kunenani labesilisa. Ukuvelela kwezinsikazi kuwuphawu lwe-Dosidicus gigas, Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis futhi, mhlawumbe, uLolliguncula mercatoris.

Ukuhlangana nokuzala

Ukuhlangana kwe-squid kwenzeka kakhulu ngezindlela ezimbili.

Indlela yokuqala - Abalingani basondela futhi bathathe isikhundla sekhanda-in-inhloko. Izandla zabo ziyahlangana. Ngesandla esine-hectocotylized, owesilisa ususa izimbotshana ezivela esifubeni sendwangu yakhe futhi uyidlulisela esakhiweni esisesiswini somlomo sowesifazane.

Indlela yesibili - owesilisa wenza ngaphansi kwesisu sowesifazane noma esondela ohlangothini ukuze ikhanda lakhe lisesezingeni lesambatho sakhe. Owesilisa usonga izandla zakhe ngengubo yensikazi futhi ayibambe ngqi, abese edlulisela izimbotshana ezifaka engubeni yensikazi ngesandla esinezintambo eziboshwe ngamandla.

Ukwahlulela ukuthi ama-spermatophores kwesinye isikhathi anamathiselwe kwi-natape yowesifazane, agxishwe ezicutshini ezingaphezulu kwengubo, abekwe ngemuva komgodi wejazi, njll., Kunezinye izindlela zokulingisa, kepha azange zibhekwe ngokuqondile ngumuntu.

Olunye uhlobo lwes squid lukopishwa kuphela yendlela "ekhanda kuya ekhanda", ligcwalisa isitho semeswidi esiswini somlomo sowesifazane ngesidoda (Loligo vulgaris, Todor odes pacificus, Dosidlcus gtgas, Symplectoteuihis oualaniensis, ngokusobala futhi i-U. sagittalus, Todaropsis eblae. ), abanye badlulisa ama-spermatophores kuphela emgodleni wejazi lowesifazane, ngokwesibonelo, i-Illex imprcebrosus. Kodwa-ke, i-squid yezinhlobo ezithile ikopishwa zombili izindlela zokuqala nezesibili (Loligo pealei, L. opalescens, Sepioteuthis minimoniana t Doryteuthis plei). Ngokusobala, ukuhlanganiswa kwezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuzalela kuhlinzeka ngomquba othembekile ngokwengeziwe wamaqanda.

Ukuziphatha okuthakazelayo kwe-squid ngesikhathi sokuzala. Bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane bajabule ngendlela engajwayelekile. Izinsikazi zeLoligo pealei ziqhubeka ngokuthuka okufushane, zenza ukunyakaza okuyinkimbinkimbi ngezandla zazo, bese zizigoqa ndawonye, ​​bese zizisabalalisa. Abesilisa balungele ukulamula balandela abesifazane ngaso sonke isikhathi, bahambisana nabo. Ngemuva kwalokho owesilisa wenza ijerk abambe insikazi phambi kwekhanda. Baxhunyaniswe ngezandla futhi bahlala bekulesi sikhundla kuyo yonke inkathi yokuphindaphinda.Iziduna zithatha amaphakethe ama-spermatophores aqhamuka emgodleni wejazi ngokusebenzisa i-funnel, bese zisebenzisa i-hectocotyl ziyidlulisela kulwelungu lomlomo lowesifazane, lapho izibambe khona isikhashana kuze kube yilapho wonke isidoda siphuma futhi sigcwalisa isithasiselo sembewu. Ukusebenza konke kuthatha imizuzwana eyi-10. Ngale ndlela, i-pealei imvamisa ikopishwa isikhathi ngaphambi kokuhluma, lapho amaqanda ezinsikazi angakavuthi. Ngaphambi kokubeka amaqanda, ama-squid mate futhi. Owesilisa ubamba insikazi ngengubo yakhe ngezandla futhi ngasikhathi sinye, athumba izimbotshana eziphuma ku-funnel nge-hectocotyl, azidlulisele kumgodi wesibeletho sowesifazane. Ingxenye yesidoda iqhutshwa masinyane ngemuva kwamanzi wamanje, noma kunjalo, iningi layo lihlala liseduze kwe-oviduct. Ukuphindana kuphindaphindwa kaningi. Abesilisa abathile kwesinye isikhathi bajabule kakhulu kangangokuba bazama ukuzwana namanye amadoda futhi babeke izitho zomzimba esifubeni sazo.

Amaqanda ama-squid afaka umphetho lapho ingubo yamaqanda iphuma khona lapho kuvulwa izitho zangasese, noma lapho edlula esigaxeni sezandla - ngalesi sikhathi, isidoda siphuma esakhiweni se-buccal futhi sifake amaqanda.

Ubungako kanye nenombolo yama-spermatophores

Ama-spermatophores enziwe abuthelwa esikhwameni esikhethekile se-spermatophore (izitho zesitho sowesilisa). Igcwele isidoda, imhlophe. Ukwakheka kwama-spermatophores kwabesilisa abavuthiwe kuyaqhubeka, ukuze isitho seNehamham sihlale siqukethe okutholakalayo.

Ngaphandle, i-squid spermatophore ibukeka njengethhubhu elivalwe emaphethelweni noma, ngokunembile, ishubhu elivalelwe ukhokho. I-spermatophore iqukethe isitoreji sesidoda kanye nezinto zokwakha eziyinkimbinkimbi (i-ejaculatory). Ingxenye eyinhloko yalesi sixhobo iyintambo ehlanganisiwe ehlanganisiwe, intwasahlobo esuka ekhanda lesipermatophore iye endaweni yokugcina kanye nesidoda, lapho ifakwe emzimbeni okhethekile wokufaka usimende. Intwasahlobo ibamba isidoda kuze kube yilapho i-spermatophore "iqhuma". Lapho i-spermatophore isesiswini somlomo noma esifubeni sesibeletho sowesifazane, imfihlo yokunameka yomzimba wesimende ifinyelela ku-bubble ngesidoda esikhiphe kusuka egobolondweni lesidumbu “esivele siqhume” ebusweni bomzimba sowesifazane.

Ubude bama-spermatophores kuma-cephalopods buhluke kakhulu. I-spermatophores ende kunazo zonke ye-octopus Outopus dofleirti (1,2 m). Kwamanye ama-octopus, ubude bama-spermatophores alingana nobude bengubo futhi ayedlula lapho.

Amasayizi aphelele ama-spermatophores kuma-squid ahluka kusuka ku-2 mm (Enoploteuthidae) kuya ku-10-20 cm kuma-squid amakhulu ohlobo lwe-Architeutkis.

Ubukhulu obuhlobene nama-spermatophores kuma-squid mancane uma kuqhathaniswa nama-octopus, awudluli ku-20-25% wobude bengubo. Ama-spermatophores amancane anama-squid omndeni wakwa-Loliginidae, ubude bawo obukhulu abudluli i-7-8% yobude bengubo. Osayizi abakhulu kakhulu bama-spermatophores emndenini we-Ommastrephidae angama-16-25% wobude bengubo.

Ubungako bama-spermatophores bukhuphuka ngokukhula kwesilwane, kepha kancane kancane kunosayizi womzimba. Isibonelo, ku-Loligo vulgaris ovela eMedithera, ubude bejazi ngu-14 cm, ubude bama-spermatophores buyi-7% yobude bengubo, futhi nobude bejazi buyi-30 cm - 6%.

Amasayizi wama-spermatophores awafani nommeleli wohlobo olufanayo oluvela ezindaweni ezihlukile zezwe. Izinsikazi ezinobukhulu obunye be-Octopus vulgaris zoLwandle iMedithera zinama-spermatophores amade kakhulu kunase-Western Atlantic.

Ngokusobala, kunobudlelwano obuqondile phakathi kosayizi wama-spermatophores nenombolo yabo. E-Loliginidae, ama-spermatophores mancane kepha maningi: e-Loligo vulgaris, 800 noma ngaphezulu, e-L. pealei, aze afike ku-400. E-Ommastrephidae, enama-spermatophores amakhulu, inani labo li-100-250, futhi ezinhlotsheni ezinkulu ezinjengeDosidicus gigas, 300-1200. Ngokusobala, uma kuncane ubukhulu besilinganiso sama-spermatophores, kukhulu inani. I-Cuttlefish kanye ne-octopus kubonakaliswa ukuthembela okufanayo: ESepia officinalis, enama-spermatophores amafushane (ubude besihlobo - 7.6-5.9%) - cishe izingcezu eziyi-1400, kuPteroctopus tetracirrhus (ubude ngesihlobo 91.1-100.0%) - izingcezu eziyi-12 kuphela.

Inani lama-spermatophores esithobeni seNeshamham likhuphuka ngeminyaka, abesilisa abaneminyaka emibili banama-spermatophores amaningi kunabonyaka.

Inani nosayizi wamaqanda

Amaqanda ama-cephalopods ajwayele ukugoqa, ahlangane ngokulinganayo eceleni kwe-eksisi ende, angafane abunjwe ngokwendabuko noma ovulekile.

Iningi le-octopus ne-cuttlefish linamaqanda amakhulu kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, i-octopus Octopus conispadiceus inobubanzi beqanda abangama-30 mm. Ema-squids, imvamisa ayidluli ku-2,5- mm kanti kuphela abamele uhlobo lwe-Sepioteuthis abanamaqanda amakhulu (ububanzi obungafika ku-1.5 cm).

Ngokwemvelo, lapho amaqanda emancanyana, likhula inani lawo likhula esibelethweni sowesifazane, ngakho-ke ukwahluka kwes squid nosayizi wamaqanda awo kuhlobene.

Ubukhulu bamaqanda avuthiwe ngokweqiniso awukhuli ngokukhula kwezinsikazi, ngenxa yalokho izinsikazi ezinkulu zande kakhulu kunalezo ezincane ezivuthwa okokuqala.

Inqubo yokuvuthwa kwamaqanda emaqandeni iyahlukahluka phakathi kwezinhlobo. Ama-squid ambalwa, ngokwesibonelo kwamanye amaCranchiidae, akuwona wonke amaqanda avuthwa ngasikhathi sinye, kodwa ngamaqembu amancane ahlukene kukho konke impilo yowesifazane. Amaqanda ayakhukhulwa njengoba evuthwa futhi ukuqhuma kuhlukaniswa.

Ema-squid amaningi, ngesikhathi sokuhluma, cishe wonke amaqanda aqukethe ku-ovary ovuthiwe, ngakho-ke ukuqhekeka kwenzeka ngasikhathi. Ku-Loligo vulgaris, ngokwesibonelo, cishe wonke amaqanda esibelethweni ayakhutshwa.

Naphezu kokuqhekeka kwesikhathi esisodwa, kuma-ovaries abesifazane lapho kunesikhathi sangaphambi kokusakazeka kunamaqembu ama-3-4 amaqanda ahluke ngombala nosayizi. Amaqanda amancane angaqhamuki, njengomthetho, angama-opaque, njengoba evuthwa, aqongelela i-yolk, anda ngosayizi, abe sobala futhi azuze ophuzi (Loligo vulgaris), ophuzi-owolintshi (uLolliguncula brevis) noma owolintshi (i-Illex engekho emthethweni i-Ilinde).

I-fecundity yama-squid iyahlukahluka kusuka kumashumi amaningana (ama-Sepioteuthis) abe amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amaningana (i-Ommastrephes caroli, Dosidicus gigas, Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis). Ama-squid angama-pelagic ahlala izingxenye ezivulekile zolwandle nolwandle kungenzeka athela kakhulu kunezinhlobo zasogwini. Isibonelo, ama-nerigic Loliginidae ngokuvamile awazibeki amaqanda angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-3-5, kanti izinhlobo zasolwandle u-Ommastrcphidae noCranchiidae - amashumi namakhulu ezinkulungwane.

Ukulala kweqanda

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokwenza umjondolo we-squid - phansi ne-pelagic. Iqanda ngalinye ku-clutch ligqotshwe igobolondo eliminyene, futhi ngaphezulu kwalesi sizalo samaqanda kufakwe kufakwe isigobongo esinjenge-jelly-like capule noma isisindo esingenakubumba. Amagobolondo angaphandle amaqanda athunyelwa yi-oviduct kanye nezindlala ezingabalulekile, ukuze amaqanda abekwe vele avikelwe ngamagobolondo.

Ubungako kanye nokwakheka kobumbono kungasebenza njengohlobo. Imfucumfucu yama-squid yeLoligo vulgaris, L. thibesi, pealei, L. opalescens, i-Alloteuthis media, A. subulafa, Sepioteuthis minimoniana, S. sepioidea nezinye izinhlobo zasogwini ziyaziwa.

Imiphetho yawo wonke ama-Myopsida aphansi: Zibukeka njengezintambo noma ama-podatinous aminyene anobude obuhlukahlukene, obunamathiselwe kwisisekelo sendawo esematheni - amatshe, amagobolondo, izingcezwana zamadwala, amakhorali, utshani basolwandle, umhubhe wolwandle noma umane ezansi. Izinsikazi izandla zazo zinamathisela ngobumnene amakhompiyutha agcwele amaqanda, aluka iziqu zawo ndawonye.

Imvamisa, insikazi ibekela amaqanda endaweni eyodwa ngendlela yobumbano olulodwa, kepha amanye ama-squid enza ukubumbana okumbalwa. Isibonelo, kwabezindaba ze-Alloteuthis, insikazi ayizaleli amaqanda angaphezu kwama-200-300 endaweni eyodwa (ngaphandle kwenani le-1000-1400), ngakho-ke ukubekwa kowesifazane oyedwa kuhlakazeka ezansi ezindaweni eziningi.

Ku-Loligo vulgaris, kunalokho, insikazi izama ukubeka amaqanda ayo lapho sekuvele kukhona imqubu yabanye abesilisa bohlobo olufanayo. Lokhu kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi kwezinye izindawo amaqanda abekiwe we-L. vulgaris enesendlalelo esiwugqinsi asibekela phansi endaweni ebonakalayo. E-L. opalescens, amaqanda abekwa futhi abe yizinqwaba ezinkulu, ngokuvamile ahlala ezingxenyeni eziphansi aze afike ku-12 m ubukhulu.

Imiphetho engezansi yeLoliginidae itholakala ngasogwini, endaweni engaseningizimu. Ngokuvamile lapho kunesimo sezulu esinesivunguvungu, inqwaba yamaqanda nezidumbu zama-squid ahlakazekile aphonswa ogwini ngamagagasi.

ENingizimu India, i-Sepioteuthis minimoniana ingena ezindaweni ezingashoni zama-bays kanye namakhethini agqunywe ngotshani bolwandle kanye nolwelwe, okuvame ukoma ngenkathi yesomiso. Amaqanda alesi squid ahlanganiswe hhayi kuphela ezintweni ezingaphansi notshani, kodwa futhi nezinsalela zezimila ezintantayo - amagatsha, iziqu zezihlahla, njll.

Abamele inhlobo ngayinye bathanda inhlabathi echazwe kahle nokujula. EGulf of Lyon, izintokazi zase-Loligo vulgaris ziqhakaza ikakhulu enhlabathini enesihlabathi futhi eyisilika ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-20-80, futhi abezindaba ze-Alloteuthis bakhetha inhlabathi enosilika noma iziqubu zotshani basolwandle i-Posidonia ekujuleni kuka-10-30 m.

Amanye ama-Ommastrephidae nawo abekela amaqanda ngezansi.Lezi yiTodarode pacificus, ngokusobala i-T. sagittatus, i-Illex imprcebrosus, njll.

Kuncane kakhulu okwaziwayo ngokuziphatha kwabesilisa nabesifazane bama-squid ngemuva kokubeka amaqanda. Kwasungulwa ukuthi abesifazane be-opalescens baseLoligo bahlale besondelene nokuhlangana ngesikhathi sokukhula kwabo. Abesifazane baseDoryteuthis bayacela bavikele ukwenziwa isikhashana bese bekugeza ngamanzi amasha. Kodwa-ke, iningi lama-squid liyafa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuhluma, ngakho-ke i-clutch ikhula ngaphandle kokulawulwa ngabazali, ngokungafani nama-octopus avela emndenini we-Octopodidae, owesifazane wawo amaqanda “aqandayo”, asondelene nawo, ngezikhathi ezithile ukuwaphuzisa ngamanzi avela emgodleni bese exosha izinyamazane eziningi. Njengomthetho, i-octopus yowesifazane ayidli phakathi nayo yonke inkathi yokuthuthukiswa kwamaqanda futhi ifa ngemuva kokuqunjelwa. Abesifazane abangama-Argonauts bagebha amaqanda abo ngamagobolondo akhethekile emihlane yabo.

Kungashiwo ukuthi iningi lama-squid olwandle lunamaqanda e-pelagic. Lokhu kucatshangelwa kusekelwa iqiniso lokuthi izinhlobo eziningi zama-squid zihlala kude nolwandle ngaphezu kokujula okukhulu, zihlala kwikholamu lamanzi futhi zingahambi ziye emanzini asogwini.

Ama-squid ama-pelagic masonry squid, aziwa ngabaphenyi, abaluhlobo olufanayo ekwakhekeni. Babukeka njengobubanzi (kufika ku-30 ​​cm) nobude (kufika ku-1-2 m noma ngaphezulu) obomvu ocacile ophuzi noma umhlophe we-gelatinous, umkhono noma umvimba, ngaphakathi kuwo amaqanda alala emigqeni evamile noma engaphansi. Iqanda ngalinye lihlukaniswa lisondele kamakhelwane ngezikhathi ezithile eziphakeme. I-Clutch 1.5-1.8 m ubude ne-30 cm ububanzi iqukethe amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20. Ubumbano obunjalo bunokukhanya okubushelelezi kakhulu futhi ngaphansi kwethonya lomoya, amagagasi namagagasi kugqekeza, kwesinye isikhathi kube yibhola. Ama-squid ama-monsters noma omise okolwandle ngokuvamile atholakala ezingqimbeni zamanzi ezingaphezulu. Ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda (ngaphambi kokuqanduselwa izibungu), izingcezu zezindunduma ezinjalo zinesikhathi sokuhlakazeka endaweni enkulu yamanzi.

Ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi kwama-squid kubuye kube lula ngeqiniso lokuthi zivame ukuvela emifudlaneni yolwandle olwandle. Lokhu kufakazelwa ukunqwabelanisa emifudlaneni yamasondo ezigaba zokuqala ze-squid. Ngakho-ke, uK. Hu uthola inqwaba yezibungu zeCranchiidae neyeGuinea yamanje. Sithole ukugxila kwezibungu zama-squid eduze kweBab el-Mandeb Strait. Ngebanga ukusuka kulo ukuya enyakatho naseningizimu njengoba amandla akhona ephela, inani lezibungu lehla kakhulu.

Isikhathi sokuhlanza

Imininingwane yesikhathi sokuqhekeka ingatholwa kokubheka ngokuqondile imichilo yolwandle, nangokungaqondile ngokuhlola izinga lokuvuthwa kwezindlala zocansi, nangokuthola izigaba zokuqala ze-squid ku-plankton. Indlela yokuqala, kusobala, iyona ethembekile kunazo zonke. Ngeshwa, ukubhekisisa okuqondile kwama-squid clutches olwandle kunqunyelwe kakhulu (izinhlobo zasogwini Lologintdae).

Kwama-squid amaningi, isizini ye-Spawning isungulwa kuphela ngokuqhathanisa idatha engaqondile.

Izikhathi zokuphamba kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, ngisho nangaphansi komcengezi ofanayo, zihlukile. Abanye bakhetha izinyanga zasentwasahlobo, abanye bakhetha izinyanga zasehlobo, kanti abanye bakhetha ukuphela kwehlobo nokwindla. Kodwa-ke, ama-squid amaningi avame ukuvela ngenkathi efudumele. Lokhu kuvezwa ikakhulukazi esifundeni se-boreal, lapho amandla wesikhathi sokushisa kwamanzi afinyelela amanani aso aphezulu. Kuliqiniso, ukuqhekeka okukhulu kweTodarode pacificus kwenzeka ebusika - ngoDisemba-Januwari, kepha lapho kuthola lo squid uthutha uye eningizimu eseningizimu yobubanzi bawo, kuya emanzini asezansi aseningizimu yeJapan.

Ngokubhekelwa ezifundeni ezingaseningizimu nezishisayo, izikhathi ezivulekile ze-squid ziya ngokuya zandiswa. Lokhu kusebenza ezinhlotsheni ezihlala kulezi zindawo, kanye nasezinhlotsheni zezilwane. Izinhlobo zasolwandle ezijulile nazo zinesikhathi eside kakhulu sokuqhuma.

I-Loligo vulgaris eNorth Morse ihlakazeka izinyanga ezintathu zonyaka - kusukela ekuqaleni kukaMeyi kuya kuJulayi. KuLwandle iMedithera, izalela cishe unyaka wonke - kusuka kuJanuwari kuya ku-Okthoba - Novemba.Kungashiwo okufanayo ngemidiya ye-Alloteuthls - eNyakatho yolwandle, ukuqhekeka kwalolu hlobo kubonwa kuphela ekuphakameni kwehlobo - ngoJuni-Julayi, ngenkathi eLwandle iMedithera lubonakala unyaka wonke. I-Spawning Todarode pacificus emanzini aseJapan ihlala cishe unyaka wonke, kepha lolu hlobo lunamaqembu amabili aqhakazayo - ubusika, ukuzalaniswa kuphela eningizimu eshubile yeJapan, kanye nehlobo, ukuzala kokubili enyakatho naseningizimu yezwe. Umkhawulo wesikhathi sokusatshalaliswa kwama-cephalopods ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu ngokuya ngezimo zezulu futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, kumazinga okushisa kwamanzi.

Kakade eMedithera, ukusakazwa kwezinhlobo eziningi ze-cephalopod kuthatha izinyanga ezingama-8-10, futhi kuvame unyaka wonke. Kungashiwo okufanayo ngogu lolwandle lwe-squid lwaseFlorida naseCalifornia.

Uma ukuqhekeka kwenzeka unyaka wonke, lokhu akusho ukuthi ukuqina kwawo kuhlala kungashintshiwe unyaka wonke. Imvamisa kuba nenkathi yokuzalanisa okusebenzayo - inani lokuqhuma. Ukwenza isibonelo, eFlorida Lolliguncula brevis, kwenzeka ngoSepthemba - Okthoba, eMedithera Loligo vulgaris - ngoJuni, eCalifornia L. opalescens - ngoMeyi-Juni, e-Illexoffceosoffosus yase-Argentina - ngoDisemba-Mashi.

OLwandle Olubomvu nolwandlekazi i-Indian Ocean, squid abesifazane abavuthiwe uLorigo edulis. L. duvauceli, Seploteuthis minimoniana, Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis atholakala ekwindla, ebusika, nasentwasahlobo (bekungekho okubhekwayo ehlobo). Izintokazi zase-S. oualaniensis ezinamaqanda aphuzi aqhakazile zabanjwa eGulf of Aden ngoNovemba nangoJanuwari. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngoJanuwari, enkabeni ye-Gulf of Aden, ngaphezu kobubanzi obuyi-1000 m ungqimba olungaphezulu, i-pelagic spherical clutch Ommastrephidae, ngombono wethu, ingeka-S. oualaniensis, yabanjwa.

Izintokazi uLoligo edulis, uL duvauceli, uDoryteuthis sibogae namaqanda avuthiwe ayefika njalo emfucumfucwini wethu wamanzi amashalofu aseNingizimu naseMpumalanga Arabia kanye nasogwini lwaseNtshonalanga Pakistan ngoFebhuwari-Meyi ekujuleni kuka-20-120 m (azange anciphise ukujula).

Amaqoqo e-ichthyoplankton aqhutshwa oLwandle Olubomvu naseGulf of Aden ekwindla ka-1963 (ngo-Okthoba-Novemba), kwavela izibungu eziningi zama-squid ezivela emindenini iLoriginldae, i-Ommastrephidae, i-Enoploteuthidae neChiroteuthidae, esezigabeni zokuqala kwentuthuko. Ubude bawo abudluli kum 2-5 mm. Ngokusobala, ukusatshalaliswa kwezinhlobo eziningi ze-squid kule ndawo kuyinto unyaka wonke.

Kukholelwa ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa kweCephalopoda akuncike kuphela ekushiseni kwamanzi, kodwa futhi nakubude bamahora okukhanya kwemini. Ngakho-ke, oLwandle iMedithera, lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingenawo umthelela obalulekile wokuncipha kwezinhlobo, ezinhlotsheni ezinesikhathi esifushane sokuqhuma, liba kakhulu ngoJuni-Julayi, i.e., esikhathini sezinsuku ezinde kakhulu ngonyaka. Ezinyangeni zasebusika, ukuqhuma kwe-squid kuvame ukuqothuka noma kuphele ngokuphelele.

Isazi sebhayoloji uHenk-Jan Hoving waseNyuvesi yaseGroningen unesithakazelo sendlela yokufuya ama-squid Ama-cephalopod ama-Decapodiform . Ngokwengeziwe kule cephalopod, uHothando uphenye okungenani ezinye izinhlobo eziyishumi ze-squid ne-cuttlefish - ukusuka ku-12? Meter squid squid ukuya kwi-mini-squid engadluli kuma-25 mm ubude.

Ngokusho kukaHothando, ukufunda ama-squid asolwandle ngokujulile kusenzima, ngoba kunzima kakhulu ukuyifinyelela. Ukugcina la cephalopods endaweni yemvelo, kudingeka inqubo ekhethekile. Ngakho-ke, isazi sebhayoloji kwadingeka ukuthi siphinde sakhe kabusha imikhuba yezocansi ye-squid, okuqukethwe ngezinhlobo ezifile nezincazelo zabanye ochwepheshe. Kepha namanje umDashi wakwazi ukwenza ezinye izinto ezitholakele.

Njengoba isazi sezinto eziphilayo uqobo sisho, "ukuzala akumnandi, ikakhulukazi uma uyisikwati."

Ezinhlotsheni zeTaningia danae mollusk, abesilisa balimaza umzimba wesifazane ekujuleni kwamasentimitha amahlanu ngemilomo nezigwegwe ngesikhathi sokuzalela. Futhi konke ngoba lolu hlobo lwe-squid alunazinkomishi zokucwila. Kepha kulabo abalingani "abazisebenzisayo" bathola inzuzo enkulu. Abesilisa bafaka “imishanguzo” equkethe isidoda ekunweni - ama-spermatophores.

Abamele olunye uhlobo “oluhlome kakhulu” olwandle olunzulu lusebenzisa indlela efanayo - Ama-virus we-Moroteuthis . Kuliqiniso, inqubo yokuvuselelwa okunjalo okungajwayelekile kwalawa ma-squid inokuthula okwengeziwe. Ama-spermatophores angena esikhunjeni ngaphandle kokulimaza.Ngokusho kukaHothando, abesilisa banezinhlobo ezithile zento, cishe i-enzyme ekuvumela ukuthi "uncibilike" isikhumba.

UHothando uthole isiqinisekiso sokuthi ama-spermatophores angena esikhunjeni eyedwa. Isazi sebhayoloji sikwazile ukubona le nqubo kuma-squid asanda kubanjwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela baseJapan baqophe icala lokufaka ama-squid spermatophores kwizicubu zomuntu. Kungekudala kakhulu, kwenziwa umsebenzi eLand of the Rising Sun, lapho "izikhwama zesidoda" ze-cephalopod zisusa khona othize wesashimi umphimbo.

Nayi squid mini Heteroteuthis dispar sanquma ukukhuphula izinga lokuzalwa. Izinsikazi zalolu hlobo zihlanganisa amaqanda azo ngokuzimela, ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Ngokusho kukaHothando, bakha isikhwama esikhethekile sokugcina isidoda, esixhunywe ngqo nomthambo wangaphakathi womzimba nezitho zokuzala.

Lapho zizala, abesilisa bagcwalisa leli tank nge-sperm. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inomusa omkhulu kangangokuba ukulethwa kwayo kungafinyelela ku-3% wesisindo somzimba sowesifazane. Ngokusho kwesazi sezinto eziphilayo, le ndlela inezinzuzo eziningi kubo bobabili ubulili. Izinsikazi zingakhulisa amaqanda isikhathi eside ngokwenele bese ziwafaka kancane kancane lapho zivuthwa. Futhi abesilisa "ababhaqiwe" banesiqinisekiso sokuthi izintombi zabo zizoba nesidoda esithile.

Ukuthola Ukuthanda phakathi kwama-squid kanye nabesilisa be- "effemate". Ama-squid akuyona iminenke; i-hermaphroditism imvamisa ayenzeki kuwo. Kepha wena Ancistrocheirus lesueurii kutholakala izindlala ezincane ezibandakanya ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda ezinsikazi. Ubude bomzimba balaba abangaziphathi kahle babuye bungajwayelekile impela - ngaphezu "kwamadoda" ajwayelekile.

Ukuthanda akakwazi ukuchaza le nto futhi ukholelwa ukuthi lokhu kungumphumela wokuvezwa kwama-hormone nezinto ezinjenge-hormone ezivela ezibhebheni zabantu. Yikuphi kuqala ngokuhanjiswa kwendle okuwela ezindaweni ezigudle ulwandle, bese kuya ekujuleni. Kepha, isazi sebhayiloji siyanezela, lokhu kungahle kube "ukwakheka" kwayo kwe-squid - indlela eyinqayizivele yokusondela kwabesifazane.

Usosayensi wethemba ukuthi ukufunda kwakhe ngeke kusize nje kuphela ukufunda okwengeziwe ngama-cephalopods asolwandle, kepha kuzosiza nasekubavikeleni ekuhaha kobuntu. Impela, hhayi ucwaningo kuphela olungena ekujuleni, kodwa futhi neminonjana emisha yokudoba.

Ikhaya »Izinhlobo Zophahla» Yisiphi isilwane esine squid aqhamuka kuso. Ingabe squid isilwane? Izinhlobo eziphambili ze-squid ezikhishwe olwandle

Okwezempilo nothando

Njenganoma iyiphi inyama edliwayo (i-veal, inkukhu ne-turkey, inhlanzi emhlophe), i-squid ingumkhiqizo olinganise ngokuphelele. Kodwa ama-mollusks athokozisayo anezindawo ezikhethekile ezizonikeza amaphuzu ayikhulu ngaphambi kwezinye izitsha zenyama.

• Ama-squid aneprotheni eningi futhi empeleni awanawo amafutha nama-carbohydrate - ukudla kwasolwandle kugcwala kahle futhi kungafakwa esiswini nasezinkalweni ngamaphawundi angeziwe.
• Ama-Shellfish acebile ngamavithamini C no-PP (i-nicotinic acid), athuthukisa umsoco, ahlinzeka, alondoloze imikhumbi enempilo nengqondo ebukhali iminyaka eminingi ezayo.
• Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-Vitamin E ku-squid kuyisiqinisekiso sesikhumba esinempilo futhi esihle, amandla kanye nesimo esihle. Ibhonasi emnandi ukuthi i-Vitamin E isiza ukugcina ubulili besifazane kukho konke impilo, imvamisa ifaka amasaladi nokudla kwasolwandle kusihlwa sothando (nesidlo sasekuseni).
• Ngokwesilinganiso se-potassium, inyama ye-squid ingancintisana nezinhlamvu zokudla - lezi zimbumbulu zibizwa nangokuthi yi-balm yenhliziyo. I-macrocell ayigcini nje ngokuqinisa izicubu zenhliziyo, kepha futhi ijwayela ukucindezela kwegazi, isuse uketshezi ngokweqile, isuse konke ukuvuvukala emilenzeni nasebusweni.
• I-Iron, ithusi ne-iodine ku-squid, uhlelo lwezinzwa, lusiza ukubhekana nokugcwala kwemizwa futhi kuthuthukise ukukhuthazela.
• Ama-amino acid okuphulukisa yi-taurine, i-lysine futhi anesibopho sokungavikeleki okuzinzile, ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu nemikhumbi ehlanzekile. Futhi yizo impela lezi zinto ezisisiza ukuvuka njalo ekuseni ngokumamatheka futhi senze izinto ezinhle (kahle, noma okungenani sizame ukuzenza).

Uma ufaka okungenani i-squid okungenani (mhlawumbe ne-2-3) ekudleni kwakho kwamasonto onke, izakhiwo zayo ezizuzisayo ngeke ziyeke ukukujabulisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-mollusk ethokozisayo ayinazo izingqinamba - kuphela ezimeni ezikhethekile lapho kwenzeka khona ukuthi “ukungabekezeleli kwama-squid” kwenzeka.

Amagremu angama-200 ukuya kwangama-200 wenyama edliwayo futhi egayekayo kalula

Ama-squid, vele, akuyona imivundla, futhi akekho owabhala i-feuilleton ehlekisayo, efundisayo ngabo. Kepha lokhu akunciphisi lonke inani nokubaluleka kokudla kwasolwandle: inhlanzi ezinamaphiko ingumkhiqizo ofanele wokudla nowemidlalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuqhathanisa ne-veal ethokozisayo, i-turkey ethambile nenhlanzi emhlophe ebabazekayo, ama-squid afriziwe afudumele anentengo ephansi kakhulu futhi ekhangayo, futhi wonke umuntu angakwazi ukuthenga imenyu ngokudla kwasolwandle.

Ama-squid angafakwa kunoma yikuphi, ngisho nokudla okunobunzima kakhulu - okuqukethwe kwekhalori kwenyama kungama-95 kcal kuphela, ama-mollusks athosiwe futhi omisiwe angamafutha amancane. Le ndishi ilungele abasubathi - amaprotheni amunca kahle futhi asiza ekwakheni izicubu zomzimba.

Uma uyikhono ekudleni okunempilo futhi ungumthandi wokudla kilojoule ophansi, ukukhetha kwakho okusobala kungukugcwala okubilisiwe. Okuqukethwe kwekhalori kwama-squid abilisiwe kungama-kcal ayi-100 kuphela ngama-gramu ayi-100, futhi awukwazi ukubala izinketho zobuchopho nawo! Ungahlanganisa ukudla kwasolwandle okusanda kulungiswa nerayisi futhi, utamatisi omusha, namakhukhamba, ushizi we-feta noshizi we-feta, i-zucchini ebhakwe nezithelo.

Izimfihlo zokupheka: ukuhlanza nokuthi upheka kangakanani?

Yini engingayipheka nge-squid? Cuisine ngayinye yezwe ixazulula le nkinga ngendlela yayo: AmaNtaliyane alungisa i-pizza nokudla i-pasta, amaGrikhi agxishwe ilayisi ebilisiwe, uThais apheka isobho elinoshukela nge-squid, futhi izivakashi zase-Andalusia zizophathwa isidlo sezipayisi nge-squid, imifino namakhambi.

Kepha konke lokhu kusizakala okukhohlisayo kunokuthile enifana ngakho - ngaphambi kokulungiselela noma isiphi “isitsha sokudla kwasolwandle”, kufanele ususe yonke into enhle kakhulu egobolondweni - ugobolondo, okokufakwa ngaphakathi kwesikhumba. Ungahlanza kanjani ama-squid ukuze usebenzise imizwa emincane nesikhathi ekhishini ngangokunokwenzeka?

Indlela elula futhi ephumelela kunazo zonke yezindaba ze-Culinary is a wash wash. Sibeka iziqukathi ezimbili - ezingenalutho futhi sinamanzi abandayo (ukuze kwenziwe kangcono, uthele izingcezu zeqhwa lapho), eduze namatapula ngamanzi abilayo bese ulungisa izidumbu ngokwazo.

Uma i-mollusk inekhanda, qala ngokunquma ikhanda ngokucophelela ngamatende, cwilisa uqhwaku bese ululahla. Uma isidumbu se-squid singenamakhanda, sikhipha ngokushesha i-chitin chord nokufakwa ngaphakathi (ukuze kube lula, ungaphendulela inhlanzi enamaphiko ngaphakathi). Ngemuva kwalokho sibeka i-squid epuletini, uthele amanzi abilayo, uwafake ku-colander - futhi masinyane eqhweni.

Ngemuva kokugeza okunjalo, i-squid peel kufanele inyakaze futhi isuse inyama ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Kulula kakhudlwana ukususa ifilimu ngaphansi kwamanzi apholile agobhozayo, ukuhlikihla isidumbu ukuze isikhumba sikhishwe ngokuphelele.

Enye i-caveat - kuze kube nini ukupheka inhlanzi enamaphiko? Ukuze i-mollusk ebuthakathaka ingaphenduki irabha engafinyeleleki, abapheki abaningi baluleka ukuyipheka imizuzu eyi-3-4 - noma u-30-40. Esimweni sesibili, umkhiqizo uzolahlekelwa yi-elasticity, kepha uzothamba kakhulu!

Abapheki banamuhla batusa enye indlela - ubilise amanzi, uphonsa udaka oluxolile (amasongo, utshani noma izidumbu) kuwo ucime umlilo ngokushesha. Ngemuva kwemizuzu eyi-12, faka ulwandle lwasolwandle ku-colander, bese uphola epanini elingenalutho.

Ungabona kanjani i-squid ngaphandle?

Ubude bomzimba obujwayelekile bale mollusk ngamasentimitha angama-50. Umuntu oyedwa angaba nesisindo sekhilogremu elilodwa nohhafu, kanti izinsikazi zincane kunabesilisa. Umbala womzimba unamathoni ampunga nabomvu. Amanzi atholakala ezinhlangothini zomzimba - kukhona amabili awo ku-squid ejwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, lapho amaphiko esesimweni esiqondile, umzimba uthatha isimo se-rhombus.

Eduze komlomo, isiyingi, kunezindawo ezingama-10 zetende ezifakwe izinkomishi zokugunda. Futhi engubeni yesilwane kunesikhwama esiyinki esikhethekile is squid esisebenzisayo uma kwenzeka sengozini.Lapho i-clam idinga ukucasha ngokushesha esitheni, imane ikhiphe uyinki futhi intantamele kude nomxoshayo, ishiye efwini elimnyama.

Izindawo zokuhlala zesikwidi

Ingxenye esempumalanga yezindawo ezisenyakatho zoLwandlekazi i-Atlantic Ocean (kusuka ogwini olusentshonalanga yezwekazi lase-Afrika iye esifundeni seNyakatho yolwandle) inabantu abaningi kakhulu abangama-squid, ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi silwane sitholakala e-Adriatic naseMedithera.

Ukujula kwalesi silwane kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-100, kepha-ke, ukubonwa kwemollusk kukhombisa ukuthi ingaphila ngokujula kwamamitha angama-400 kuye kwangama-500! Inhlabathi ithanda udaka noma isihlabathi.

Indlela yokuphila yezilwane

Ama-squid angama-mollusks afudukayo, ahamba amabanga amade efuna ukudla. I-squid ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi umhlambi owodwa noma umhlambi wezilwane, ngoba kunabantu bobabili abaphilayo abanesizungu namaqembu amakhulu. Uma squid babuthana eqenjini futhi bahlala ndawonye, ​​khona-ke bazingela ndawonye.

I-squid-pig emfushane (iHelicocranchia pfefferi) yaba negama ngomzimba omise umugodi obunjwebu kanye ne-“nose-piglet” encane, empeleni okuyi-Photophore

Imvamisa, ukujula kwendawo engaphansi kwamanzi e-squid ejwayelekile kusuka kumamitha angama-20 kuye kwangama-50, kepha-ke, ingxenye enkulu, ukujula kokuhlala kuya ngesikhathi sonyaka: ezinyangeni zasehlobo, imollusk ishibilika eduze kobuso bamanzi, futhi ebusika iya ekujuleni.

I-squid ijwayele ukubhukuda kancane, yenze amaza amahle ngezinsimbi zayo, kepha, uma kunesidingo, ingakhula ngesivinini esikhulu: ngoba, iqala ukungena ngesineke emisipha, ngaleyo ndlela ithathe inani elikhulu lamanzi ngaphansi kwengubo, bese idonsa ngokukhululeka kwamanzi. umzimba wakho phambili.

Ukudla kwesikwidi

Isikwati sidlova. Isisekelo 'setafula lakhe lokudlela' inhlanzi. Kepha i-squid ayizideleli izimfudu, izibungu zepolychaete, kanye nabanye abamele isigaba se-cephalopod mollusk. Ososayensi sebeze baqopha namacala okusebenzisa insangu.

Inqubo yokubamba ukudla imi ngale ndlela elandelayo: ngamatende amabili, i-squid ibamba isisulu, ibulale ngubuthi bayo. Ngemuva kokuthi "ukudla" kungasebenzi, isilwane siqala ngokuhleleka, singagijimeli ukuklebhula izicucu kozisulu bese sizidla.

Ukuzalela kwe-Shellfish

Ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphela kwezinyanga zobusika, kuqala isikhathi sokuzalela ama-squid. Ukuzalela ukwakheka kokubumbeka kwamaqanda, okubukeka njengesausage. Ama-squid anamathisela ukwenziwa kwawo emadwaleni angagudluki, futhi kwesinye isikhathi amagobolondo ezinqola zolwandle. Imvamisa, ukubeka amaqanda kwenzeka kumamitha angama-30.

Ngempela, ama-squid, ngokungafani ne-cuttlefish noma i-octopus, akafuni ukukhipha insikazi, izama imibala ethandekayo futhi ivikele ingxenye elula yaphansi kusuka kwabancintisana, futhi ingazivezi ngokuziqhenya izingxenye ezinhle zomzimba wayo, ichaza ukulungela isenzo eside.

Isici esiyinhloko senqubo ukuthi ama-squid akhiqiza kanjani, isivinini nokusebenziseka kwawo, awukho umuzwa, umhlangano omfushane kuphela wokuhambisa imininingwane edingekayo yokuzalela - i-spermatophore. Ukusakazwa kwe-squid kwenzeka usebenzisa ishubhu ekhethekile equkethe isidoda, ubude baso bungashiyana ukusuka kusentimitha kuya kumitha. I-spermatophore iyithuluzi eliyimvelo eliyinkimbinkimbi, elihlome ngedivayisi enamandla yokukhipha, izinwele ezibucayi, igobolondo eliyinkimbinkimbi nohlobo lwe- "tube" olukhipha i-glue.

Kuqala, i-spermatophore itholakala esakeni lesidoda bese idluliselwa kowesifazane lapho ihlangana ne-penis noma ingalo eshintshiwe enama-clamp akhethekile anikeza ukubamba okuqinile. Esithweni sowesifazane kunendawo ehloselwe ukubeka i-spermatophore, kuye ngohlobo lwe-squid kungaba ulwelwesi lomlomo, umgodi endaweni engaphansi komlomo noma emuva kwekhanda, ngaphakathi kwengubo noma amagebula.Lapho usuqedile “umthwalo”, owesilisa ushiya intombi yakhe futhi angahlanganyeli enqubweni yokuzala, kwesinye isikhathi kusuka kumzuzu wokulethwa kwethambo lesidoda ukuze afike kumanyolo, kudlula isikhathi eside. Kungenzeka ukuthi obaba bama-squid abancane kade bafa lapho bezalwa, njengoba owesilisa engabonakali ngokuphelele futhi angadlulisela ispermatophore kowesifazane, aze afinyelele ebuntombini futhi angakwazi ukuqhakaza.

Lapho nje isisusi sesisu sisuswa kowesilisa futhi sinamathiselwe emzimbeni wowesifazane, igobolondo laso lihlangana namanzi olwandle, ngenxa yalokho izinwele ezibucayi ziqhekeza ulwelwesi oluncane, okuvusa ukubizwa okuthiwa yi-spermatophore reaction.

Amanzi angena ku-spermatophore futhi afaka ingcindezi entwasahlobo, ngenxa yokuthi igobolondo langaphakathi lesisetshenziswa semvelo ngobuqili nalo liklebhukile. Intwasahlobo iyaphuma ngaphandle bese idonsa ingaphakathi lesitho ngemuva kwayo, kepha ngasikhathi sinye "ithini" liyakhiwa, likhulule iglue eligcina ngokuphepha isikhwama sesidoda esikhunjeni sowesifazane.

Kuvela ukuthi isidoda sikulungele ukuqhuma futhi kuhlala silindile kuze kube yilapho owesimazana ethatha isinqumo sokuzala kabusha inzalo, okuthi, ngeshwa, yenzeke kanye empilweni yama-squid. Uma insikazi ingumuntu ovuthiwe ngokobulili, ngokushesha izophonsa amaqanda adlula eduze kwespermatophore anamathele kumagalari. Lapho ubeka insiza ngemuva kwekhanda, ukukhukhula kwenzeka ngokuvuleka okukhona ezinhlangothini zentamo, kepha ukuvundiswa kuqinisekisiwe kunoma yikuphi.

Ngakho-ke, amaqanda amaningana abekwa ukuthi intokazi ingafihla endaweni eyisisekelo, ngokwesibonelo, phakathi kwamathanga aminyene mwalwelwe. Kodwa-ke, ukuqhekeka kuvame ukwenzeka ngqo ezansi, lapho kuhlanganiswa khona ama-squid, futhi imichilo eminingi yamaqanda abamhlophe nabangemuva ibukeke njengembumbulu enkulu.

Ezinhlotsheni eziningi, izibungu kancane zifana nabazali bazo ngokushesha nje emva kokuzalwa, kodwa kungakapheli izinyanga ezi-2, ama-squids amancane aguqula ngaphandle futhi abe ababambiqhaza abavuthiwe kwezocansi emgodleni ongapheli wesifo se-spermatophore.

Ngale ndlela, kuseseyimfihlo yokwenziwa kabusha kwezinye izinhlobo ze-cephalopod, ngokwesibonelo, abesilisa abatholakalanga ezinhlotsheni ze-squid ebunjiwe, noma kunjalo, ukuvundiswa ngosizo lwe-spermatophore kwenzeka, futhi izinsiza ezibekwe esigabeni eside esiswini, into lowesifazane engeke ayigcwalise ngomlomo wakhe.

Izakhamizi zasolwandle ezijulile zolwandle azisheshe ziveze izimfihlo zazo kumuntu, ungazi ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani ukusakazeka kwama-squid, kodwa awukwazi ukucabanga ukuthi yini eyenza lolu hlobo lwe-cephalopods luveze inzalo ngokoqobo ngaphandle kokukhombisa ukuzwelana okuncane komunye nomunye.

Ama-squid Ungadliwa

Ukupheka ama-squid kuyinqubo yokudala ngempela, lokhu kungaqondakala ngezinhlobonhlobo zokupheka ngenhlanzi enamaphiko, enikeza zonke izinhlobo zamabhuku okupheka kanye nezindawo ezilengiswayo. Ama-squid izindandatho ekushayeni nasekuseni, kuma-squid agqitshwayo nakuma-snack rolls, ama-fries kanye ne-kebabs, amasaladi kanye nesobho, i-pasta ne-pizza, ophaya kanye ne-meatballs, i-squid julienne ngisho ne-paella nokudla kwasolwandle - kusuka ezitsheni zansuku zonke kuya kwekhono lokudla okuyi-haute.

Akukenzeki ukuthi izindlela eziningi zokupheka zinikeze ngokwazo izindlela zokupheka ama-squid, ngaphezu kwendlela yendabuko yokuwapheka.

Isaladi lasehlobo elinenhlekelele, u-celery kanye neminqumo

Uzodinga: i-0,5 kg ye-squid, inkomishi yesithathu, izingcezu ezi-3 zesinaphi (noma u-anyanisi ojwayelekile), isipuni se-zest lemon, usawoti kanye nojusi kalamula wokugqoka.

Sika izidumbu zibe izindandatho, amatende abe yimichilo. Phonsa izinqa emanzini abilayo umzuzu owodwa, bese kumanzi eqhwa - naku-colander. Ngenkathi i-squid ishiya amanzi ngokweqile, nquma iminqumo yama-celery no-anyanisi emasongweni amancane ahlanzekile. Hlanganisa ne-zest yashizi, ukugqoka, bese ufaka i-squid.

I-squid ebhakwe ngamakhowe ngaphansi kweshizi yoshizi

Kuyadingeka (okwe-2 servings): amagremu angama-300 e-squid, u-anyanisi owodwa, amagremu ayi-100 ama-champignon amasha noma amhlophe, amagremu angama-300 kakhilimu omuncu, amagremu ayi-100 e-mozzarella, upelepele nosawoti ukunambitha.

Dlula u-anyanisi oqoshiwe emafutheni ashisayo imizuzu engama-2-3, engeza amakhowe, upheke eminye imizuzu engu-3. Kwelinye ipani, gcoba isikwati, usike sibe yimichilo, imizuzu engu-1-2. Hlanganisa nokugqoka kwe-anyanisi-amakhowe, ukhilimu omuncu, izinongo, udlulisele kumathani amancane. Mboza nge-mozzarella yashizi bese uvala kuhhavini oshisayo imizuzu eyi-10.

Ama-squid kebabs nge-soy sauce

Kuzothatha (ukubekwa okungu-2): ama-squid ama-2 ajwayelekile noma ama-4 amancane, izipuni ezi-4 zesoyizi nesipuni esisodwa sososo lwezinhlanzi, ingxenye yesithathu yopelepele, 1 cm, isigamu selamula.

Hlanganisa i-marinade: upelepele oqoshiwe kanye nojinja, amasoso, ujusi kalamula. Sika i-squid ezigcawini ezinkulu noma ushiye izidumbu zonke (uma ama-mollus amancane). Beka ku-marinade imizuzu engama-30-50.

Cwilisa okwegodo lokhuni emanzini eqhwa imizuzu engu-15, bese ulinganisa u-squid: vula izigcawu, ugwaze izidumbu. I-Grill noma i-deep-Fry imizuzu eyi-1-1.5. Khonza ngendishi eseceleni yelayisi noma enye imifino emisha.

Ama-squid angama-invertebrates amakhulu kakhulu futhi aneselula kakhulu olwandle olujulile.

Emvelweni kunezinhlobo ezingama-210 zala mollusks, ubukhulu bawo buhlukahluka kusuka kumamitha ayi-0.25 kuya ku-16.5. Abanye babo kuphela ababhekwa njengabadliwe

Ummeleli wama-cephalopods ahlomile ayishumi atholakala kuphela ezilwandle futhi awenzeki emzimbeni onamanzi amancane anosawoti.

Inyama ye-squid ibhekwa njengokudla futhi okunempilo phakathi kokudla kwasolwandle. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamaprotheni wokugaya kalula, amavithamini (C, PP, B6, E) kanye namaminerali (iodine, potassium, selenium, ithusi, i-iron, i-phosphorus) kunquma ukwakheka kokuvikelwa kwemvelo komzimba, kuqinisa amasosha omzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusebenzisa i-mollusk njalo, umfutho wegazi lomuntu uvamile, i-cholesterol "embi", usawoti osindayo uyadedelwa, amandla ayathuthuka, futhi isimo somoya siyathuthuka.

Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezizuzisayo, isidumbu se-squid kanye namatende asetshenziselwa ukupheka ukuthosa, ukuhambisa, ukubhema, ukomisa, ukupheka, ukulonda. Ngokwesisekelo sabo, kulungiswa amasaladi, i-sushi, inyama egayiwe, nesobho lokudla kwasolwandle.

Izitsha ze-Clam zidonswa kahle ngumzimba, zinconywa ukudla.

Izici zomkhiqizo

Abaningi abakhathaleli kuphela ngezinkinga zokunambitha, kepha nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokulungiselela, kuzoba wusizo ukufunda ngezici zomkhiqizo: inani lomsoco, izinto ezilusizo. Inzuzo yanoma yikuphi ukudla kwasolwandle ngokuyinhloko ekuqukethwe kwezinto ezibalulekile. I-squid iqukethe iodine, i-selenium, ifosforasi, insimbi, ithusi. Njengokudla okuningi kwasolwandle, i-Omega-3 ne-Omega-6 acid acid kukhona. Iningi lalawa mollusks namavithamini wamaqembu B, C, E, PP.

Kepha inani eliyinhloko, mhlawumbe, lilele kokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamaprotheni, acishe amunwa ngokuphelele ngumzimba. Inyama ye-squid inamaprotheni angama-20%, ngamafutha angama-2.2% kuphela nama-2% ama-carbohydrate. Okuqukethwe kwekhalori komkhiqizo kungu-122 kcal.

Ama-squid ku-cuisines yomhlaba

Kulula ukuqagela ukuthi imaphi amazwe athande lo mkhiqizo kakhulu. Vele, labo abaphila ngasolwandle olwandle. Izindlela zokudla zikazwelonke zamazwe aseMpumalanga Ekude zimane nje zingafinyeleleki ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo enjengama-squid anama-shrimps, ama-mussels, ama-octopus. Ukudla kwasolwandle kanye

Ama-squid nawo athandwa yilabo abahlala kude namanzi amakhulu. Futhi konke ngoba lo mkhiqizo ugcinwe ngokuphelele futhi uhanjiswe ngefomu eqandisiwe, futhi ungalahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwawo.

Izinhlobo zomkhiqizo

Ama-squid ayizilwane ezi-invertebrate ezingokwesigaba se-cephalopods (oda i-Ten-arm). Emhlabeni kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-squid.

Kunethiwekhi yabadobi baseRussia, i-squid squid ivame ukubanjwa - imollusk ephakathi nendawo (cishe 20-30 cm enama-tentacle).Imvamisa inombala wesikhumba onsundu kanye nenyama emhlophe ethambile. Imvamisa iqhubeka ithengiswe ngaphandle kwekhanda kanye namatende.

I-Loligo luhlobo oluthandwa kakhulu eYurophu. Kubukeka njenge-Commander squid, futhi ayibambeki olwandle kuphela, kodwa futhi nasolwandle - iMedithera ne-Adriatic.

IPacific squid itholakala eMpumalanga Ekude; yikho ngqo ukuthi isetshenziswa kakhulu amaJapan namaShayina ukulungiselela izitsha ezinhle kakhulu.

Kukhona izidumbu zeqhwa ezinamakhaza ze squid yasePeru emashalofini. Kwabaningi, abukeka emuhle kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo. Kodwa i-squid yasePeru inesici esiyingqayizivele - ngaphandle kokulungiswa kahle, inyama imane nje igcwele iphunga le-ammonia. Ukubanjwa kuthengwa yiChina, lapho izidumbu zihlanzwa khona, zifakwe iqhwa, zifakwe ku-brine ekhethekile, bese ziphinda ziqandisiwe. Kuyavunywa, ngemuva kokucutshungulwa okunjalo akukho mkhondo wephunga elibi, futhi ukunambitheka komkhiqizo kuthambile.

Lezi izinhlobo eziphambili ze-squid, ezimelwe cishe yonke indawo. Kepha kunesinye isigaba somkhiqizo, abaningi abasithathela ukubukwa okuhlukile. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-squid yengane. Ubungako besidumbu asidluli iqanda lezinkukhu, futhi kwikhilogamu ungabala izingane eziyishumi nesigamu (ngenkathi squid eligcwele eligcwele lingaba nesisindo esingaphezu kwekilo elilodwa). Kepha lokhu akuyona indawo engafani nhlobo, kodwa ukukhula okuncane, okuthi endaweni yayo yemvelo kuvame ukukhuphukela phezulu futhi kungene amanetha abadobi. Ingane inokunambitheka okubucayi kanye nesakhiwo senyama eminyene. Ingasetshenziswa ekuphekeni okufanayo njengama-squids ejwayelekile.

Ukuvumelana Komkhiqizo

Ama-squid asetshenziselwa ukulungiselela izitsha eziningi ezahlukahlukene: i-appetizer, amasaladi, i-gravy, amasosa. Irayisi ebilisiwe, i-pasta, i-funchose ne-noodle eyenziwe ekhaya ilungele bona njengendishi yaseceleni.

Ama-squid ahlanganiswe ngokuvumelanayo ngemifino emisha ebhakwe futhi ebhakwe, amaqanda abilisiwe kanye nama-omeleta, amakhowe aqokiwe, iminqumo, amakhambi asencane, ulwandle lwe-kale. Kunezindlela eziningi zokupheka lapho kusetshenziswa khona i-cuttlefish, shrimp, inhlanzi, i-caviar kanye nama-squid - ngamafuphi, yonke into eyethulwe ulwandle kumuntu.

Izici zokuhlobisa

Imvamisa bahlala ezweni lokungenisa, kepha kwesinye isikhathi “iqoqo eligcwele” liyathengiswa. Kuhle ukuqaphela ukuthi ngokuya ukunambitheka kanye nokwakheka kwawo kuya kude nokuthakazelisa njengama-octopus, yingakho abalimi abaningi bezinhlanzi bawahlukanisa masinyane. Kepha, njengoba besho, ngokuntuleka kwezinhlanzi ...

Hhayi kaningi ezweni lethu ungabona isidlo sihlotshiswe ngamachilo. Ngakho-ke, ungasebenzisa ngokuphepha le mininingwane ngezinhloso zokuhlobisa. Imvamisa amatende asikwa abe yimichilo noma ama-cubes bese asakazwa ngaphezulu kwesitsha. Bapheke njengesidumbu.

Ukusikwa kokuqala

Njengoba sesithole, ama-squid ayizilwane ezingenamsoco. Kepha ngaphakathi emizimbeni yabo kuqukethe uhlobo “lwezimbambo eziqinisayo”, okuyi-rudiment yegobolondo langaphakathi. Kubukeka njengezinalithi zokugoba ezinwetshiwe. Ngaphambi kokupheka, kufanele zisuswe.

Uma uthenge i-squid ephelele engafakwanga, nquma ikhanda lakho ngamehlo kanye namatende. Thatha okokufaka. Amehlo nomlomo womlomo awuqedi. Sika amatende aseke phansi.

Uma izidumbu zimbozwe yisikhumba, zibambe ngamanzi abilayo, bese uzifaka emanzini abandayo - konke kuzosuswa kalula.

Ungapheka kanjani squid?

Abantu abaningi bayazi, kepha sisakhumbula: lezi zinhlavu zibilisiwe ngokushesha okukhulu! Layisha izidumbu emanzini apholile abilayo bese uthola imizuzu eyi-2. Lapho nje isandla sokudayela sifinyelela embuthanweni wesibili, susa futhi upholile.

Isakhiwo sale squid esidliwe sifana nerabha esezingeni eliphansi, futhi asikho nakancane isidlo saseMedithera noma saseMpumalanga Ekude.

Isaladi leNeptune

I-squid ebilisiwe ebilisiwe inketho enhle kakhulu yamasaladi amaningi.

Kepha ethandwa kakhulu, mhlawumbe, ibizwa ngokuthi isaladi leNeptune. Lokhu kuwukuwina-win. Ukulungiselela kwayo, kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezingama-1-2 zemifino entsha kanye nokudla kwasolwandle. Njengesisekelo semifino, ungasebenzisa iklabishi yaseBeijing, i-pepper bell, i-leek yasendle, isipinashi, ukhukhamba.Ingxenye "yolwandle" kufanele ibe yengevolumu kangako njengemifino. Ngaye, i-shrimp ebilisiwe, izicubu kanye ne-squid, izinti zamadrabha, i-caviar, ama-anchovies afanelekile. Imvamisa, amasaladi anjalo ayolungiswa ngemayonesi, kepha ungapheka ukugqoka okunempilo futhi okumnandi kakhudlwana. Hlanganisa 2 tbsp. l iyogathi yemvelo ngaphandle kokunambitha, inani elilinganayo lama-mayonnaise amancane, engeza imifino ye-dill eqoshiwe (i-1-2 tsp) kanye namaconsi ambalwa kalamula.

Kungenzeka yini ukubhaka i-squid kuhhavini?

Esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule, iresiphi "yama-piglets" eyenziwe kusuka ku-squid izidumbu efakiwe yathandwa ukuthandwa. Kule iresiphi, i-squid yezingane imane iphelele, ngoba ngaphambi kokusebenzela ngeke kudingeke nokuba usike isitsha sibe izingxenye.

Njengoba inyama egayiwe isebenzisa ushizi, ushizi wekhokho, amakhowe, ilayisi noma amazambane abunjiwe. Ungalungisa isidlo ngale ndlela elandelayo.

Sika u-anyanisi ube yizicucu ezincane, ugobe izaqathe ezimbalwa ku-grater enhle. Stew imifino ndawonye, ​​uthele i-100 g yamakhowe, ulethe ukulungela. Hlanganisa nelayisi elibilisiwe (1 inkomishi). Uma ufisa, ungangeza amaqanda ama-2-3 abilisiwe, aqoshiwe.

Izidumbu ezingama-8-10 zihlanzekile, hlambulula, usike umsila. Qala ngengxube yemirayisi-yemifino bese ubeka ku-deco. Yenza izindlebe namakhala kusukela ekuvutheni komsila, futhi ngosizo lwama-clove noma ama-peppercorns, lungisa amehlo. Lubricate "piglets" nge imayonnaise bese uthumela ukubhaka ingxenye yesine yehora. I-squid efakwe isidlo esihle kakhulu futhi simnandi.

Izindandatho ze-squid ezithosiwe

Le appetizer iyindlela enhle yokubuthana nabangane. Iphelele ngebhiya noma newayini elimhlophe. Kepha okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthi uzosebenzisa isikhathi esiningi nomzamo ukulungiselela ukwelashwa okunjalo. Ama-squid amnandi futhi kulula ukulungiselela, udinga nje ukwazi amanye ama-nuances.

Sika isidumbu sibe izindandatho. Faka indandatho ngayinye kuqala ngofulawa, bese uqanda iqanda elibomvu, bese uqhekeka. Fry emafutheni afudumele imizuzu engu-1.5 ohlangothini ngalunye. Ungasebenzisa futhi i-fryer ejulile.

Ukukhetha

Uyazi ukuthi yini squid eKorea? Le appetizer ithandwa emhlabeni wonke, futhi kulula kakhulu ukuyipheka.

I-Grate izaqathe eziyi-100 g, usawoti ngosawoti wasolwandle futhi ake ume. Sika u-anyanisi emasongweni asigamu, gazinga emafutheni bese uphola. Sika i-squid ebilisiwe (i-600 g) kumasongo, uhlanganise nemifino, engeza u-40 ml we-soy sauce. Uma uthanda izinongo, fafaza izindandatho ezimbalwa zepelepele elishisayo ne-clove kagalikhi. Isitsha kufanele sifakwe okungenani amahora ayi-12.

Hhayi ngenxa yokudangala kwenhliziyo: Ukudansa Isikwidi

Wake waya eJapan? Uma lesi isikhathi sakho sokuqala ukuya lapho, qaphela ezindaweni zokudlela zasendaweni. Isibonelo, Ukudansa ama-squid isidlo esithandwa ngabakhileyo boMhlaba weLanga eliKhuphukayo, kepha kungathusa umuntu ongajwayelekile. Imayelana nokukhetha i-squid (ikhanda, amehlo kanye namatende), ehlezi ngaphezulu kwesitsha. Umpheki ngqo ezivakweni uthela usoso kuso, ngenxa yokuthi i-squid iqala "ukudansa". Ngemuva kokudansa, ama-clams avele anqunywe futhi adliwe.

Eqinisweni, i-squid ngesikhathi "somdanso" ayiphili, amatende ahamba kuphela ngenxa yokuphendula kwamakhemikhali. Kepha akubona bonke abantu abawuthandayo lo mbono. Yebo, namatende eluhlaza, futhi.

Ama-squid kumamenyu wezingane nokudla

Omama abaningi bakhathazekile ngombuzo wokuthi bazoyazisa nini ingane ukudla kwasolwandle okunempilo. Izazi zezempilo ziyavuma ukuthi yize i-squid ingumkhiqizo wokugaya kalula, kungakuhle ukuthi ingeniswe ekudleni ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu.

Amakhalori ekhalori, izakhiwo, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezakhi okuheha abasubathi. Kulabo abaqeqeshelwa ukuthola izicubu zemisipha, lo mkhiqizo onothe ngamaprotheni umane nje awunakuphindeka.

Ama-squid nawo ahle kakhulu ekudleni kokululama kweziguli ezihlinzwa, izifundo ezinde zemithi kanye nezifo zesikhathi eside. Lo mkhiqizo usiza ukubuyisela amandla, uvuselela igazi, ulwe nobuthi. Futhi ukunambitheka kwayo okuhle kujabulisa.

Ama-squid (lat. Teuthida) - ukuthathwa kwama-cekhalopod e-decapod.Imvamisa zingamasayizi angama-0,25-0,5 m, kepha ama-squid amakhulu ohlobo lwe-Architeuthis angafinyelela kumamitha angama-20 (kufaka phakathi amatende) futhi angama-invertebrates amakhulu kakhulu.

Ezitolo ezinkulu, i-squid yezimboni enesisindo esingama-800 amagremu kuvame ukutholakala. Ingxenye edliwayo yisembatho lapho kufihlwe khona zonke izitho zalo ezibalulekile, ikhanda nezinsika.

Ama-squid adliwe ezifundazweni zasendulo zeGrisi neRoma. Izitsha ezivela kubo zingenye yezithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwezinye izitsha zasolwandle zasolwandle. EVietnam, squid ayidumile njengo crab ne shrimp, basebenzise kabanzi lapha muva nje.

Inyama ye-squid, ekhanywa amahlandla amaningana, inambitheka obabayo nephunga lezinhlanzi ezindala eziqandisiwe, amagwebu futhi ziyaphuma ngenkathi kuphekwa. Ngaphambi kokuthola isidumbu se-squid, hlola ukubukeka kwayo. Kufanele ibe mnene, amakhasi angaphezulu - apinki, onsomi kancane noma abe nsundu, kepha inyama ye-squid - emhlophe kuphela. Uma uphuzi noma onsomi, isikwati siphindaphindwe okwethathu. Uma unqikaza ukuthi iziphi izidumbu okufanele uzikhethe - zikhangelwe noma cha, thatha okokugcina. Ngempela, ukuze ihlanzwe ngokuphelele i-squid, yayivele incishisiwe kabili kathathu.

Ikhalori Isikwele

I-squid ingumkhiqizo wamaprotheni aphezulu onokuqukethwe kwekhalori okungama-92 kcal nge-100 g yenyama eluhlaza. Ku-100 g ye-squid ebilisiwe - 110 kcal, naku-100 g we-squid othosiwe - 175 kcal. Ama-squid abhemile futhi omisiwe anokuqukethwe kwekhalori okuphezulu kakhulu - 242 kcal no-263 kcal, ngokulandelana. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-squid ngale ndlela kungaholela ekukhuluphiseni.