I-Brachiosaurus (Brachiosaurus) * Ama-vertebrates

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• Isikhathi Sokuhlala: I-Late Jurassic (iminyaka eyi-156-145 yezigidi edlule)
• Isigcawu: lizopharyngeal
• Umsoco: herbivorous
• Ubude: Amamitha ayi-13
•Ukuphakama: 22,5 - 26 metres
• Isisindo: cishe amathani angama-50
• Kutholakele: ngo-1900 esifundazweni saseColorado, e-USA
• Igama: I-Elmer Riggs

Brachiosaurus - (lat. Brachiosaurus, kusuka esiGrekini "lizard toped") - isidina esiphakeme kunazo zonke.
I-dinosaur ye-herbivorous eqenjini le-sauropod-macronaria.
Ikhanda elincane ekugcineni kwentamo elingamamitha ayisishiyagalombili lalingamamitha ayi-13 ukuphakama.

Emakhaleni e-brachiosaurus ayesendleleni eyinqaba eyingqayizivele yethambo ngaphezu kwamehlo. Cishe izimpumulo ezixhumene nama-sacs omoya, njengakwezinye izibankwakazi ezikhokhelwa ukuba duck.
Kubekhona iziphakamiso zokuthi ukuvuleka kwamakhala kusebenze njengesisekelo sesiqu.

Imilenze yangaphambili ye-brachiosaurus yinde kakhulu kunemilenze yangemuva, ngokubukeka ibhungane lifana nendlulamithi enkulu. Kodwa-ke, intamo yakhe ibingaqondiswanga phezulu, kepha phambili nge-angle engaba ngama-45 degrees.
Amazinyo anamandla, akhiwe ngesipuni.
Izibongo cishe zazidla ngamahlamvu ezihlahla. Kwakudingeka basebenzise inani elikhulu lokudla ukuze banikeze amandla adingekayo emizimbeni yabo emikhulu.
Brachiosaurus wayehlala eNyakatho Melika nase-Afrika (Tanzania).
Amathambo e-Tendagur brachiosaurus amamitha ayi-12 (iMount Tendagur eTanzania) ayabonakala eMnyuziyamu waseHumboldt eBerlin.

Amacembe ayephakeme ngamamitha ayi-5 ukusuka emhlabathini.
I-American Brachiosaurus (B. altitorax) - enye yama-sauropod amakhulu, afinyelela kumamitha angama-27 ubude nesisindo esingamathani angama-50.
Ngokusekelwe emlandweni wezinto eziningi zakudala ze-brachiosaurus, i-paleontologists iphetha ngokuthi ama-brachiosaurus ayehlala emindenini noma emaqenjini abantu abangafika kwabangu-20.
I-brachiosaurus encane mhlawumbe yathatha okungenani iminyaka eyi-10 ukufinyelela usayizi womuntu omdala, mhlawumbe baphila iminyaka engama-70.

Onke ama-brachiosaurus abephila ngasekupheleni kwenkathi yeJurassic, kepha izibankwa ezifana nazo (ngokwesibonelo, i-sauroposeidon) zasinda zaze zaba maphakathi neCretaceous eNyakatho Melika zafinyelela osayizi abakhulu ngisho nangaphezu kwama-brachiosaurs.

Imithombo yolwazi:
1. U-Bailey J., uSeddon T. "Umhlaba we-Prehistoric"
2. "I-Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs"
3. Isiza seWikipedia

Ngabe udleni nokuthi iyiphi indlela yokuphila

I-Territory - i-Afrika yanamuhla neNyakatho Melika. Ama-Brachiosaurus ayengama-herbivores futhi ayedla inani elikhulu lokudla (cishe ithoni eyi-1 yemifino ngosuku), ngoba ngomzimba onjalo osayizi wamandla amaningi wayezosetshenziswa.

Uma kwenzeka ingozi, angalwisa umhlaseli ngomsila wakhe noma ngomphimbo wakhe wangaphambili (wayezama ukushaya phansi phansi, aqhekeze i-vertebrae, aqhekeze ohlaseli).

Ukudonswa eqandeni amaqanda, ama-dinosaurs amancane ayengenaso isikhumba esikhulu njengobazali bawo asebekhulile, futhi intamo, ngokungafani nabantu abadala, nayo yayibuthakathaka.

Imininingwane yesakhiwo somzimba

Yayinobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele, abaningi bayiqhathanisa namadwala. Nakanjani wonke amathambo (ama-vertebrae, izimbambo, namanye) ayemane nje enqabile futhi eqinile kakhulu, akumangazi lokhu, ngoba isigaxa somzimba esinjalo bekufanele sibanjwe ngokuqinile. Izitho zangaphakathi nazo zazinkulu.

Thola Umlando

Amathambo okuqala eBrachiosaurus atholakala ngudokotela wezimbali u-Elmer Riggs ngo-1900 eTanzania. Izinsalela ezake zahlangatshezwa ngaphambili zazinezindandatho ezimfushane, kanti eBrachiosaurus zona, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zazinde kunezinyawo ezingemuva. Ngakho-ke, abakwaRiggs babiza lowo owaziwa nge-Brachiosaurus, okuhunyushwa ngokuthi "rucher."
Kamuva, izidumbu zabanye abamele lezi zinhlobo zatholakala e-Asia naseNyakatho Melika. I-Brachiosaurus yokuqala etholakele yenziwa i-genus "giraffatitan." Maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, kwatholakala isifaniso sohlobo oluhlukile, esathiwa senziwa nguBrachiosaurus nougaredi. Ngo-2003, ama-paleontologists athola uhlobo olusha - u-Abdallahsaurus.

Igama Lencazelo

Brachiosaurus (lat.Brachiosaurus) - ummeleli omkhulu we-brachiosauridae womndeni, ukuhleleka kwezizungu.

Ukuqala kwekhulu lama-20 kuphawulwe ukutholwa okuthakazelisa: e-United States, e-Grand Canyon, kutholakale amathambo amaningana ayemagama ngokuqinisekile ayengawamadayinaso. Amathambo ayemakhulu impela - ubude bawo bufika kumamitha ayi-2. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, kwacaca ukuthi idayinaso elivulekile lingaba likhulu kunabo bonke, kwathi ngo-1903 lesi sigebenga saqanjwa brachiosaurus, okusho ukuthi impela>.

Kuyamangaza lokho okwamanje brachiosaurus wafunda izinsalela ezimbalwa nje, phakathi kwazo lapho amathambo amakhulu asho khona, ama-vertebrae ambalwa nezimbambo, kanye nesigaxa skulls. Ngakho-ke, izazi ze-paleontologists ziye zaphikisana iminyaka elikhulu ngosayizi weqiniso wesisindo, yize kungekho muntu ongabazayo ukuthi sikhulu. Kepha kukhulu kangakanani?

Brachiosaurus iyiqhude elikhulu le-herbivorous elihamba ngemilenze emine, okungukuthi, isuropod. Noma kunjalo brachiosaurus inesici - imilenze yayo yangaphambili yinde kunemilenze yangemuva kwayo, yize iningi lama-dinosaurs linokuphambene. Lesi simo sishiya uphawu lwaso ebusweni. brachiosaurusUfana nendlulamithi, kepha intamo yakhe ayikwazi ukukhuphuka ibheke phezulu. Ngokuvamile brachiosaurus yasondela kuhlobo lwezilayidi zezingane: intamo enamamitha ayi-8, egcotshwe inhloko encane, yadlulela kahle emzimbeni omile, futhi yona - yaba ngumsila.

Kukholakala ukuthi brachiosaurus ingafinyelela amahlamvu akhula endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-9, noma wonke amamitha ayi-13. Konke lokhu kufinyelelwe ngenxa yentamo ende, noma kunjalo, umuntu akufanele akhohlwe ngomzimba: isifuba salesi sidina siqala ukuphakama okungaphezu kwamamitha amathathu, ngakho-ke umuntu omdala ojwayelekile wayengehluleka ukuskena isisu salesi sikhulu.

Ngokuphathelene nosayizi, isilinganiso esifanelekile kunazo zonke ubude brachiosaurus Amamitha ayi-26, nezinqwaba - hhayi ngaphezu kwamathani angama-30. Cishe ungene brachiosaurus yayiphansi> - yayinesisindo esingaphansi kokungahlulelwa ngosayizi wayo. Imayelana nesakhiwo esikhethekile samathambo - okuthiwa ama-sacs omoya abekhona ku-vertebrae kanye nezimbambo, ngenxa yalokho ithambo laliyisakhiwo esivulekile, esikhanyayo, kepha esinamandla.

Isisindo esinjalo kunzima ukusithwala emilenzeni, ngakho-ke izicubu brachiosaurus babenamandla ngokumangalisayo, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi abazange baguqe imilenze yabo ngenkathi behamba - lokhu kungaholela emathanjeni aphukile. Futhi ngentamo ende, akubona konke okucacayo: uma uyiphakamisa kakhulu, ingqondo izosala ngaphandle kwegazi (kuba nzima ngenhliziyo ukubamba igazi iye kumamitha ayi-8 ukuphakama), futhi uma yehliselwa emhlabathini, izophuma ngokoqobo isuka egazini eleqe kuyo. Ama-dinosaur mhlawumbe ayenendlela ethile yokuzivikela, kepha asazi. Ngemuva kwakho konke, imvelo yanikela brachiosaurus intamo enjalo akumelwe uyisebenzise.

Izazi zebhayoloji ziphikisana ngezinto eziningi ze-physiology brachiosaurus. Wayengaba negazi elifudumele, futhi impilo ejwayelekile, cishe amakhilogremu ayi-120 wokudla ngosuku kwakwanele kuye. Kungenzeka ukuthi emakhaleni akhe ebunzini lakhe futhi bekhulumisana nama-sacs omoya emathanjeni. Lesi sikhulu mhlawumbe sinobuchopho obuncane, ngakho-ke idayinaso ngokwayo yayiyisiphukuphuku.

Brachiosaurus isalokhu iyimfihlakalo ngoba izinsalela zakhe ezimbalwa zitholakala. Ngemuva kwakho konke, njengoba kwenzeka, ezinye zezimvubelo akuzona ezakhe, kodwa zinhlobo oluhlobene - igiraffotitan. Kepha akunakuphikwa ukuthi brachiosaurus wayengomunye amadinosaurs ezinkulu kunabo bonke owake wahamba emhlabeni.

Isakhiwo se-Skeleton

Amagabade ehlombe leBrachiosaurus abekwe endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-5 ukusuka phansi. Esifundeni somlomo womele le zinhlobo, kunamathambo ahlukene ayi-14. Intamo yayingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-10, kepha yayincane. Intamo ibibanjelwe edolweni elakhiwe njengo-S futhi ibisendaweni engela ngamadigri angama-45 ukuya phansi. Ukwakheka kwamathambo ngaphandle kuhlobene kakhulu nezindlulamithi. Amakhala we-Brachiosaurus abekwe ngaphezulu kwamehlo asesithanjeni sethambo futhi axhunywe kuma-sacs omoya. I-brachiosaurus yayinomsila oqinile wemisipha, owawuvikela izitha zabahlaseli.

Izimbotshana

Ummeleli wayenomzimba ohlukile kubafowabo: amabala angaphambili ayemide kunemilenze yangemuva.Ezinyaweni zezinyawo zezilwane, isikhumba sasilukhuni ukuvikela imilenze ekulimaleni. Isici esifanayo singabonakala ezindlovu. Izibalo ezingaphambili zeBrachiosaurus zazicishe zibe yimitha eyi-1 ubude kunezinyawo ezingemuva (4 - ngaphambili, 3 - emuva). Ucwaningo lwamathambo olutholakele luveze ukuthi lesi silwane bekufanele sihambe kuphela emilenzeni eqondile, ngoba uma ligobile, amathambo ayephuka ngaphansi kwesisindo.

Umsoco

Lolu hlobo lungelama-herbivores. Ukuzinikeza amandla, i-Brachiosaurus yayidinga ukudla amakhilogremu angama-200 wokudla nsuku zonke. Wasebenzisa amahlamvu engayeki.

Ukutholakala kwamakhala kwaba nomthelela ekuhlafuneni okuqhubekayo kokudla, ngoba zazibekwa cishe ebunzini. Intamo ende yasiza isilwane ukufinyelela emaphethelweni ezihlahla. Amazinyo ama-Brachiosaurus ayakheke ngesipuni (ngamabhangqa ayi-15-20). Azange zigaye izitshalo ezidliwayo.

Idina kwakufanele ligwinye amatshe amancane asiza ukugaya ukudla esiswini. Isisekelo sokudla okufuywayo bekungamahhashi namaConifers. Wayemunca izitshalo ezingama-1 nsuku zonke.

Ukuvikelwa kwepredator

Brachiosaurus bezolile. Ama-herbivores anokuthula awakaze ahlasele abanye abamele kuqala. AmaDinosaurs angangena ekulweni kuphela lapho izinyamazane zihlasela umndeni. Kaningi, izisulu ezihlukumeza izingane zazihlasela izingane zomndeni. Batali labakhatsalele babebavikela eminyakeni yekucala yekuphila. Njengokuzivikela, abakwaBrachiosaurus basebenzisa umsila onamandla. Ngokusethwa kwezimo okuphumelelayo, ama-herbivores angathusa noma alahle abahlaseli.

Iminyuziyamu ekhombisa izinsalela zeBrachiosaurus

Isikhumba esibuyiselwe samamitha ayi-14 sinikezelwa eHumboldt Museum eBerlin.
Isikhumba Sobuthi - Umbukiso eDutch Museum of Natural.
Isikebhe esakhiwe kabusha siseMnyuziyamu we-Natural History (eChicago, e-USA).

Izihlobo eziseduzane zalolu hlobo yilezi:

Yisho kumafilimu

"Ipaki leJurassic." Ifilimu lakhombisa ngephutha ukuthi iBrachiosaurus imile emilenzeni yayo yangemuva, kepha ukuthi yisiphi isimo somzimba bekungenakwenzeka kuye, ngoba imilenze yayiyovele yephule ngaphansi kwesisindo somzimba walesi sikhulu.
"Umhlaba weJurassic"
"Ukuhamba nezilo: impilo ngaphambi kwama-dinosaurs",
Theodore Rex
Ukuhlasela kweJurassic
I- “Dinosaur Island” ekhishwe ngonyaka ka-2014
"Isikhathi sama-dinosaurs"
"King Kong" ka-1933 nango-2005 naku-tape "Son of King Kong".

Izeluleko Zencwadi

I-Encyclopedia in Augmented Reality "Ama-Dinosaurs: Ukusuka ku-Conssognath kuya kuRamforinh"
“Yini? Kuphi? Nini? Imibuzo nezimpendulo
"Ama-Dinosaurs - i-encyclopedia ephelele"
Izifundo zeDinosaur. Ufuna umhlaba olahlekile "
"Isihluthulelo Sesikhathi: Idayariur Ukufuna Idayari"
"I-Atlas yama-dinosaurs nezinye izilwane zasendulo"
"Izimfihlo zepulasitine - ama-dinosaurs"
Umlando Womhlaba
«Kuyini? - ama-dinosaurs»
«Dinosaurs - inkomba inkomba»
«Ukubuswa komhlaba»
«Bona umhlaba: ama-dinosaurs»
Ufuna ama-dinosaurs
Ama-Dinosaurs - incwadi eyinkomba
Ngabe usebenza kanjani umhlaba
Thola umhlaba - ama-dinosaurs
Ama-Dinosaurs nomhlaba weplanethi
I-encyclopedia yesimanje yamantombazane nabafana

Incazelo

IBrachiosaurus ibisaziwa isayensi kusukela ngo-1903, amathambo alezi zilwane atholakala eJurassic deposits njalo kaningi. Lapho nje ososayensi bebona ukuthi sikhulu kangakanani lesi sidalwa abasibumbile, bashesha bazama ukusilinganisa nendawo ezoba khona ngokulandelana kuka-Aquaman, kodwa ingqondo, noma kunjalo, yanqoba.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ososayensi bezilwane ezinobukhulu obufana nalesi sifo bafakwa ku-stupor, ngoba ukubalwa okuphathelene nenani eliphakeme lesidalwa esiphilayo bekungakabikho, noma kunjalo, abamele inyuvesi ehlakaniphile, ngaphandle kwayo, noma kunjalo, babona ukuthi ingcindezi esekholini lamanzi yayingeke nje ivumele idinosaur ukuba iphefumule.

Ngokuvamile, i-brachiosaurus yayifana nendlulamthi egobile ebukhulu obukhulu (umfana kuphela owagcina intamo yakhe ingabonakali, kodwa engela ngamadigri angama-45). Kwakuyisidina esidla ubhedu esinentamo ende, ekugcineni enekhanda elincane kakhulu, eselivele lisho okuningi mayelana nokushaya okusheshayo kwesiqhwaga. Ukuphakama lapho kubuna abantu abakhulu kunakho konke kungamamitha ayi-14, kanti ubude ukusuka ekhanda kuya kwesinye isisila kufinyelela amamitha ayi-26 ahlaba umxhwele. Ngokuvamile, uma umfana efuna, angaba ngumthwebuli wezithombe obaluleke kakhulu wezakhiwo eziphakeme kakhulu, noma engenayo i-drone. Isilwane esincane kangako singaba nesisindo esingamathani angama-50.

Imilenze yangaphambili ye-brachiosaurus yayinde kakhulu kunemilenze yangemuva, eyayinikeza ibhungane indlela efanelekile yokugcina intamo iphakeme ngaphezu komhlaba futhi icabangele izinkanyezi. Umlenze owodwa onjalo ungafinyelela kumamitha amane ukuphakama, okulingana nokuphakama kwesimuni esidlula enkathini enzima yentsha. Isisu sasisikhulu kakhulu kangangokuba abacwaningi abaningi basekela i-hypothesis yokuthi i-brachiosaurus cishe ayizange iguqe ngamadolo, ngaphandle kwalokho indlela yayo yokuphila yasebenza kakhulu, futhi amavithamini aphuma emathanjeni asengasindiswanga. Ngale ndlela, lesi silwane kwakunesikhathi eside sibhekwa njengedayinaso ende kunazo zonke. kuze kube yilapho kungena i-giraffatitan ne-zavroposeidon enkundleni yezemidlalo, kepha sizokhuluma ngabo ngesinye isikhathi.

Ukuziphatha

Ngokusobala, umdondoshiya walesi sahluko wafuna inani elimangalisayo lokudla ngosuku, ukuze umzimba wakhe oyiqhawe ungabuna futhi ufe. Izisulu zale vegan engenamusa zazivame ukuba amahlumela amancane ezihlahla ezinde, lapho imidondoshiya emide ifinyelela ngaphandle kwezinkinga, kodwa into encane efana ne-diplodocus yayikwazi nje ukudonsa eceleni kwezihlahla. Kwatholakala nezinto eziningi zalezi zilwane, ngesisekelo lapho ososayensi baphetha ngokuthi ama-brachiosaurus ayezulazula emihlanjini.

Ngokuqondene nobudlelwano mafia ezidla inyama, lapha brachiosaurus waba nengxoxo emfushane. Ukuhlikihla konke okusindayo kumhlukumezayo, njenge-grader yesihlanu ethukuthele, umfana wethu ubengeke aphumelele, kepha imvelo yomama ayikayishiyi ingqondo yakhe ngaphandle kwezindlela zokuvikela ezinamandla. Ngenhlanhla, i-brachiosaurus yayinomsila omisipha kakhulu, isilwane esasingawusebenzisa njengeklabhu. Ngokunokwenzeka, ukushaywa komsila onjalo kwabulala izitha eziningi, futhi umuntu angathemba nje ukuthi laba bantu abadala bazi ukuthi baqonde kanjani ukwenza kahle. Isikhumba sedayinaso esidala, bambalwa bebengavele bahlukane ngaphandle kokulimala okubulalayo, kepha ama-brachiosaurus amancane ayezinzwa njalo, ngakho-ke abantu abadala kwakufanele bakwazi ukuzimela izingane zabo.

Ngokuqondene neminyaka emincane adlule ngayo wonke ama-brachiosaurus athukuthele, lapha sizothola ukwesaba okukhulu, ubuthi be-phobias kanye nama-complexes. Iqiniso ngukuthi lezi zibankwa zigabha ezincane kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nabazali bazo, futhi ngokuqinisekile kwakufanele zigcine izindlebe zazo zibukhali ukuze zingabi isisulu sokuthanda ezinye izingane. Okungenani iminyaka eyi-10 kudlule ngaphambi kokuba amawundlu abe ngamalungu agcwele emhlambini, futhi laba bantu abadla imifino bangaphila iminyaka engu-70, ngaphansi kwezimo ezibe yimpumelelo.

Yebo, i-athikili enjalo enokuthula yanamuhla. Ngiyethemba wonke umuntu lapha uhlonipha izinkomo, ngoba inguqulo yazo ye-prehistoric ifanelwe i-athikili ehlukile. Ngendlela, uma kukhona, bese umkhuba uqalile, ngakho-ke izindatshana kungenzeka zingabi isikhathi eside njengangaphambili, futhi hhayi njalo, ngakho ngithemba ngokuqonda kwakho. Futhi manje usungabhalisela ngisho nesiteshi sethu sezemfundo ukuze ungaphuthelwa izindatshana ezikhuluma ngezidalwa ezingajwayelekile, futhi utshele abangane bakho ngathi futhi uthele amanye amazwana, ngihlala nginentshisekelo ngemicabango yakho. Okwamanje - hamba, ngizokubona nonke futhi!

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