Umndeni wegama elifanayo ungowe-oda Perciform. Ikhaya kubo zilwandle olushisayo.
Manje kunezinhlobo ezingama-85 zalezi zinhlanzi. Isihlobo esisondele kakhulu senhlanzi yezinhlanzi yizinhlanzi eziyizimvemvane, ngenxa yokufana kwesakhiwo sangaphandle, ngaphambili zazibhekwa njengezomndeni owodwa.
Kodwa-ke, izinhlanzi zezingelosi zikhulu kunezihlobo zazo eziseduze.
Ubukhulu obujwayelekile benhlanzi bufika ku-30 cm, kepha kukhona nama-champion anobude obuyi-60 cm, kanye nezinsana ezinobude obungama-12-15 cm kuphela.
Inhlanzi yezingelosi (Pomacanthidae).
Imizimba yale nhlanzi iyacaba, nenhloko nomsila omfushane, ngakho nenhlanzi ngokwayo ifana nebhokisi.
Engxenyeni engaphandle yesembozo se-gill kukhona i-spike, isihloko saso siqondiswe emuva. Amaphinifa we-pectoral akhonjisiwe, kanti namanqina esisisu asondele kakhulu kumaphini we-pectoral, ngokuvamile kancane ngaphambili noma ngqo ngaphansi kwawo, ama-dorsal ne-anal fin makhulu kakhulu, ayinayo imisebe ebukhali. Ngenxa yendawo yokuhlala olwandle olushisayo, zonke izinhlanzi zalo mndeni zinombala ogqamile ogqamile, ongathatha imicu noma amanetha apendwe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ophuzi, owolintshi kanye nomnyama. Futhi, izingelosi zinokungafani okuqinile ekubukekeni kwezinhlanzi nezinhlanzi ezincane ezifinyelele ekuthweni, ekuqaleni zazithathwa njengezinhlobo ezihlukile.
Umndeni wezingelosi zezingelosi unezinhlobo eziningi, zonke zinokubukeka okuhlukile nombala ogqamile.
Izinhlanzi ze-Angel zithanda ukushisa kakhulu, ngakho-ke zihlala kuphela endaweni eshisayo, futhi kuphela olwandle, ikakhulukazi emanzini angajulile - kuze kufike ku-50 m ukujula. Uma le nhlanzi ithatha indawo yayo encane emgodini wamakhorali, ngeke igcine ngokuba yindawo yayo yaphakade, kodwa ngaphezu kwalokho, umngcele wezinto uzoqashwa ngokucophelela yinhlanzi.
Ama-Angelfish akhetha ukuhlala emihlanjini emincane.
Imvamisa, lezi zinhlanzi zihlala emihlanjini emincane (ikakhulukazi ingekho ngaphezu kwezingu-6), futhi ziyasebenza phakathi nosuku, futhi zilale ngokuthula ezindlini zokukhosela ezintofontofo ebusuku. Bazolile kakhulu: bebona okwahlukahlukene, ingelosi ingelosi ayethuki futhi ayibhukudi ibuye, kodwa futhi ayikhombisi isasasa elikhulu ebantwini.
Inhlanzi yezingelosi ayesabi abantu - abahlukahlukene bangayibukela ngesizotha.
Imenyu yezinhlanzi yezingelosi inezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezitsha: kusuka ezitshalweni ezivamile zasolwandle ezijwayelekile ezinhlobonhlobo kuya kwezincane ezingama-invertebrates. Kepha kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uhlobo ngalunye lwenhlanzi yezingelosi luhlobo lwayo lokudla oluthandayo. Kuyingozi kakhulu ukuthi umuntu adle lolu hlobo lwenhlanzi, ngoba izicubu zenhlanzi zibuthelana ubuthi obuningi ngokwazo, ezingaba ubuthi kalula ngemuva kokudla inyama yale nhlanzi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuzithinti izilwane ezidla inyama zisebenzisa inhlanzi yezingelosi njengokudla.
Umzimba we-angelfish unesimo esiyingqayizivele.
Izinhlobo zokuzalela nazo zincike ohlotsheni oluthile lwenhlanzi yezingelosi: umuntu othile uyashada, futhi umuntu othile unenqwaba yezinsikazi (noma kunjalo, uma lo wesilisa efa, enye yalezi zintokazi eziningi izophenduka eyeduna ngenxa yokushintshwa kwe-hormone )
Imvamisa lezi zinhlanzi zidotshwa ezindaweni zasemanzini ngenxa yokukhanga kwazo okubukwayo.
Umphumela wenqubo yokuzalanisa yi-pelagic roe, nayo edotshwa yizinhlanzi.
Izinhlanzi ze-Angel zivame ukufeza inhloso yokuloba, ehlelwe ngabantu hhayi inyama yayo kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuyigcina emanzini. Ekhaya, akasona isivakashi esivame kakhulu ngenxa yobukhulu bakhe obukhulu, kodwa ukuze agcinwe ezindaweni zasemanzini, inhlanzi ebukekayo nengaqondakali yezingelosi ithandwa kakhulu.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
Incazelo nendawo yokuhlala
Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-85 zezinhlanzi ze-angelfish noma izinhlanzi ezigcwele emanzini zihlala emanzini olwandle ezindaweni ezijulile. Iningi lazo zitholakala e-Indian and Pacific Oceans. Abanye abantu bahlala e-South America Amazon. Ama-pomacantes angawokuhleleka kwe-perciform (umndeni wenhlanzi yasolwandle yezinhlanzi zasolwandle). Ungahlala uhlukanisa nabo ngesikebhe esinamandla engxenyeni engezansi yama-gill nangokwakheka komzimba, okunamathiselwe kubo ebunzini eliphakeme nomsila omfushane.
Isici esinezingelosi fancy Umbala ogqamile . Ngenxa yengxubevange yemibala ehlukile, izinhlanzi zezingelosi zibukeka zihle ngokungenangqondo, yingakho bathola igama elinjalo. Zihlotshiswe ngemibala ebomvu, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kalamula, owolintshi, i-emerald, imibala emnyama, zakha imihlobiso evela ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene, ezinemigqa eqondile nemishayo. Intsha inezinhlanganisela zemibala ezihluke kakhulu ezivela kubantu abadala. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imibala yabo iyashintsha futhi ithatha umoya opholile.
Ama-Pomacanthus ahlukahlukene ngombala nangosayizi. Kukhona izinhlanzi ezincane - 12-15 cm, futhi abanye abantu abakhulu bafinyelela ku-60 cm.
Izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zezingelosi zinokuhlukahluka okukhulu ngosayizi, kusuka kokuncane kuya kokukhulu
Izinhlanzi zabantu abadala zithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni eziseduzane nezixhobo zamakhorali futhi ziqaphe ngesikhulu isikhala sazo ekuhlaselweni yizihlobo zazo. Bathembekile impela kwezinye izakhamizi zolwandle, futhi ukukhula okuncane kubhukuda ngesibindi endaweni evinjelwe, kuhlala kungaziwa ngenxa yombala wokufiphaza.
Amadoda aselwandle aqondakali enza imibhangqwana noma izinsikazi zezinsikazi eziningana nowesilisa oyedwa abekhona iminyaka. Lapho kukhula umuntu ngamunye, iba nkulu indawo lapho inqoba khona, futhi ezincane zincela ikholoni elilodwa.
Inani lezinhlanzi ze-angelfish endle liyehla ngenxa yobumnandi benyama yazo nokubukeka okuhle
Ama-pomakants ahola indlela yokuphila yansuku zonke, futhi ebusuku akhuphukela kumasango amancanyana alala kuwo. Lapho uhlangana nabathandi bokuthunga, abesabi, kodwa futhi abakhombisi ilukuluku lokwazi. Ngenxa yenyama enambitha ivame ukuzingelwa, futhi ngenxa yobuhle bayo babanjelwa ama-aquariums, anciphisa kakhulu inani lawo.
Ukubukwa okudumile
Umndeni omkhulu wezingelosi izingelosi ufaka i-genera eminingana. Izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zempilo yasolwandle zihlanganisa:
- ama-apolechmites,
- I-hetodontoply,
- i-lyre-tailed,
- centropigi,
- kachamy
- Amaphayipothi
- gourmets
- i-paracentropyge.
Uhlobo ngalunye lunabamele balo abakhanyayo, ngakho-ke izinhlanzi zezingelosi nazo zihlukaniswa ngokubukeka.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zezinhlanzi zezingelosi ezahlukile ngokubukeka nosayizi.
Abanye abantu bangathiwa yisigaba sezinhlanzi eziphakeme kakhulu ebuhleni obukhazimulayo nokuziphatha okuzimele:
- Ingelosi uLyre-tailed uLamarck muhle kakhulu ngomzimba wakhe wesiliva omangalisayo, imivimbo emnyama eqondile nendawo ebonakalayo.
- Ingelosi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka i-Blue Moorish angelosi -
- Ingelosi yolwandle lwaseFrance inenhlanganisela ye-torso emnyama nemivimbo ephuzi.
- I-Angel of Cortez - ihlukaniswa ngumzimba womnqumo, imivimbo emincane eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye namachashazi amnyama.
- Ingelosi yomlilo yaqanjwa ngenxa yombala obomvu o-orange obomvu, ohambisana nemigqa emnyama ezinhlangothini namachashazi ansomi ezitsheni. Uhlobo oludumile kakhulu lwe-centropig.
- Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - unenhlanganisela yemibala ephuzi, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- Ingelosi yasebukhosini ingenye yabantu abakhulu nabakhulu kakhulu abane-gamut emnyama eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ophuzi namaphethini wangempela.
Izingelosi ezingemuva ezivela ku-genus centropig ziyizinhlobo eziningi kakhulu nezinhlobonhlobo (izinhlobo ezingama-33). Ubungako bawo obukhulu abudluli ku-12,5 cm. Phakathi kwawo kukhona abantu abahle ngokumangalisayo: ameva amabili, uphondo, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, omthethe obomvu, ulamula, u-Able. ICentropigi inomusa kakhulu, ilungele ukugcinwa emanzini.
Izingelosi eziningi ezimnyama kakhulu zihlala ezindaweni zasemanzini, ngenxa yobukhulu bazo obuncane
Uhlobo lwe-pomacanthus luyizinhlobo eziyi-12, phakathi kwazo kukhona izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu nezinhle. Okudume kakhulu kunazo zonke yizingilazi ezinamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ezinamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ezinemikhono, zombuso nezasebukhosini.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo mayelana nezinhlanzi zezingelosi. Ama-Aquarist azokwazi ukwazi ukuthi:
- Uma ingelosi eyimpimpi yesilisa ifa, enye yabesifazane ishintsha ubulili futhi ithathe indawo yayo.
- Kunezinhlobo ezingandile kakhulu futhi ezibizayo emhlabeni, isibonelo, umqoqi waseJapan ungumnikazi we-mint ngelosi obiza ama- $ 30,000.
- I-anesthetic Centropig ihlala ekujuleni okukhulu. Ingelosi ephuzi ekhanyayo nebala elimnyama ngasohlangothini lwayo ibhekwa njengento elula, yingakho iyinhlobo ebizayo engabizi.
- Njengomphumela wokuhlolwa kofuzo eTaiwan, izingelosi ezipinki ezikhanyayo zazalwa. Bakhipha ukukhanya okumnandi okubabayo kokufakelwa kwe-bioluminescence futhi muhle kakhulu kangangokuba abakholelwa neze kobunjalo babo.
Ukubuka ubuhle obuhle endaweni yemvelo kuyinhle enkulu yobuhle. Inhlanzi eyindilinga yezingelosi nayo ibe ngumhlobiso ofanele izindlu zasekhaya nezomphakathi. Ukuyigcina ilula kuyadingeka kuphela ukwazi imikhuba nokuziphatha kwale nhlanzi.
Inhlanzi ye-Angel izozizwa ikhululekile uma i-aquarium ifakwe kahle
Izimo ezidingekayo
I-pomacant engabekezeleleki ihlangana nezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi zasemanzini. Uma udala izimo ezifanele zokugcina nokondla, uyozizwa emuhle, aqale ukuzalanisa futhi angaphila iminyaka eyi-10-15. Yini edingekayo empilweni yasolwandle:
- i-aquarium okungenani amalitha angama-250,
- izinga lokushisa lamanzi njalo - 25-28 ° C,
- i-pH edingekayo yamanzi ingu-8.1-8.4,
- ukuba khona kohlelo lokuhlunga, ukwahlukanisa amagwebu kanye nokuqina,
- iqoqo elithile lama-nitrites, i-nitrate ne-ammonia,
- inhlanganisela yokukhanyisa okwenziwe ngemvelo,
- ukuvuselelwa kwamanzi okungenani ama-20% ngesonto.
Inhlanzi ye-Angel iyazwela ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali amanzi, ngakho-ke kufanele uyiqaphe ngokucophelela.
Ukuze uthole induduzo, izingelosi zidinga amatshe, isihlabathi, imihume emincane, ama-labyrinths, izitshalo eziningi ze-aquarium echibini.
Ukudla okuhlukahlukene
Bondla oshonelwe izikhathi ezine ngosuku ngezigaba ezincane. Kumenyu yasekhaya, kufanele ufake inyama eshisiwe ye-shrimp, squid, mussels, engeza i-spirulina nezipanji, isipinashi esincane noma uphizi. Ekhaya, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bonke abantu banokudla okwanele. Kepha akufanele zinakwe ngokweqile. Ezitolo zezindawo zokudla kunokudla okulungele ukwenziwa okwenziwe ngokulinganayo okuqukethe imifino nezakhi zamaprotheni. Ukudla okwomile ngaphambi kokondla kubalulekile ukuthoba.
Okondla izinhlanzi ze-angelfish, inyama nokudla okuphilayo kuhamba phambili.
Izifo zenhlanzi
Uma imibala yemibala yasolwandle iqala ukubuna, khona-ke izimo zabo zokuboshwa nokudla kufanele zibuyekezwe. Ukunakekelwa okungekuhle nokudla okungenampilo okuphezulu kungadala izifo ezahlukahlukene ezilwaneni ezifuywayo:
- Ukuguguleka kweSideline. Ukubhujiswa kwe-epithelium kwenzeka kuze kufinyelele nenhloko, ngenxa yokuthi inhlanzi ingafa.
- I-Cryptocaryonosis Amachashazi amhlophe avela emzimbeni, isifiso sokunyamalala siyanyamalala, kuvela isimo sokubulawa ngamandla.
- Amashiya. Isifo esithathelwanayo. Amehlo embozwe ifilimu emhlophe futhi anda ngosayizi. Inhlanzi egulayo iba impumputhe.
Le vidiyo ikhuluma ngengilosi engelosi:
Kuzo zonke izimo, lesi sifo asikwazi ukuqalwa futhi ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi.
Umndeni wegama elifanayo ungowe-oda Perciform. Ikhaya kubo zilwandle olushisayo.
Manje kunezinhlobo ezingama-85 zalezi zinhlanzi. Isihlobo esisondele kakhulu senhlanzi yezinhlanzi yizinhlanzi eziyizimvemvane, ngenxa yokufana kwesakhiwo sangaphandle, ngaphambili zazibhekwa njengezomndeni owodwa.
Kodwa-ke, izinhlanzi zezingelosi zikhulu kunezihlobo zazo eziseduze.
Ubukhulu obujwayelekile benhlanzi bufika ku-30 cm, kepha kukhona nama-champion anobude obuyi-60 cm, kanye nezinsana ezinobude obungama-12-15 cm kuphela.
Imizimba yale nhlanzi iyacaba, nenhloko nomsila omfushane, ngakho nenhlanzi ngokwayo ifana nebhokisi.
Engxenyeni engaphandle yesembozo se-gill kukhona i-spike, isihloko saso siqondiswe emuva. Amaphinifa we-pectoral akhonjisiwe, kanti namanqina esisisu asondele kakhulu kumaphini we-pectoral, ngokuvamile kancane ngaphambili noma ngqo ngaphansi kwawo, ama-dorsal ne-anal fin makhulu kakhulu, ayinayo imisebe ebukhali. Ngenxa yendawo yokuhlala olwandle olushisayo, zonke izinhlanzi zalo mndeni zinombala ogqamile ogqamile, ongathatha imicu noma amanetha apendwe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ophuzi, owolintshi kanye nomnyama. Futhi, izingelosi zinokungafani okuqinile ekubukekeni kwezinhlanzi nezinhlanzi ezincane ezifinyelele ekuthweni, ekuqaleni zazithathwa njengezinhlobo ezihlukile.
Izinhlanzi ze-Angel zithanda ukushisa kakhulu, ngakho-ke zihlala kuphela endaweni eshisayo, futhi kuphela olwandle, ikakhulukazi emanzini angajulile - kuze kufike ku-50 m ukujula. Uma le nhlanzi ithatha indawo yayo encane emgodini wamakhorali, ngeke igcine ngokuba yindawo yayo yaphakade, kodwa ngaphezu kwalokho, umngcele wezinto uzoqashwa ngokucophelela yinhlanzi.
Imvamisa, lezi zinhlanzi zihlala emihlanjini emincane (ikakhulukazi ingekho ngaphezu kwezingu-6), futhi ziyasebenza phakathi nosuku, futhi zilale ngokuthula ezindlini zokukhosela ezintofontofo ebusuku. Bazolile kakhulu: bebona okwahlukahlukene, inhlanzi yezingelosi ayesabi futhi ayibhukudi ibalekele kude, kepha futhi ayikhombisi intshisekelo enkulu kumuntu.
Inhlanzi yezingelosi ayesabi abantu - abahlukahlukene bangayibukela ngesizotha.
Imenyu yezinhlanzi yezingelosi inezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezitsha: kusuka ezitshalweni ezivamile zasolwandle ezijwayelekile ezinhlobonhlobo kuya kwezincane ezingama-invertebrates. Kepha kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uhlobo ngalunye lwenhlanzi yezingelosi luhlobo lwayo lokudla oluthandayo. Kuyingozi kakhulu ukuthi umuntu adle lolu hlobo lwenhlanzi, ngoba izicubu zenhlanzi ziqongelela ubuthi obuningi, obungaba ubuthi kalula ngemuva kokudla inyama yale nhlanzi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuzithinti izilwane ezidla inyama zisebenzisa inhlanzi yezingelosi njengokudla.
Izinhlobo zokuzalela futhi zincike ohlotsheni oluthile lwenhlanzi yezingelosi: othile uyashada, kanti owesilisa othile unenqwaba yezinsikazi (noma kunjalo, uma owesilisa efa, khona-ke enye yalezi zinsikazi eziningi izophenduka idume ngenxa yokushintshwa kwamahomoni )
Inhlanzi ingelosi , noma pomacanthus (lat. Pomacanthidae) - umndeni wezinhlanzi zaselwandle zasemanzini ezivela ku-perciform (Perciformes). Anombala ogqamile, ogqamile. Ngaphambili, inhlanzi yezingelosi zazithathwa njengezingaphansi kwe-bristle-toothed (Chaetodontidae), kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwavezwa umehluko omningi wokuziphatha wokuthi ahlukaniswe nomndeni ohlukile. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-85.
Ngaphezu kombala okhanyayo, inhlanzi ingelosi Zinomzimba ophansi kanye nomhlane ophakeme. Isimo salo mndeni yi-tenon enamandla, ehlehlela emuva, ebekwe ohlangothini olungezansi lwe-gill futhi ihluke ngombala kusuka komunye umzimba wonke. Lesi spike yisici esithembeke kakhulu sokwehlukanisa kusuka kubhulashi-izinyo, ukubukeka kwalo kuyafana kakhulu, kepha lapho likhona ngokuphelele. Ubude be-angelfish buvela ku-6 kuye ku-60 cm. Ama-angelfish amancanyana avame ukupendwa ngendlela eyehlukile kunabantu abadala. Bangakwazi ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinhlanzi ezivuthiwe ngaphandle kokudingiswa. Kodwa-ke, i-angelfish ejwayelekile ikhombisa ukuziphatha gadalala izihlobo. Umehluko ngombala mkhulu kangangokuba abantu abasha bake babhekwe njengezinhlobo ezihlukile.
Ama-Angelfish ahlala ezindaweni ezishisayo zomhlaba wonke olwandle emhlabeni. Izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye zitholakala olwandle i-Atlantic Ocean, ezinye ese-Indian and Pacific Oceans. Lezi zinhlanzi zithanda ukuhlala eduzane nezixhobo zamakhorali.
I-Angelfish imvamisa ihlala ngababili noma ngamaqembu amancane we-harem akhiwa owesilisa oyedwa nowesifazane abaningi. Ezindongeni kukhona amabanga acacile avikela izimbangi zawo. Kwabamele abakhulu bomndeni, ubukhulu bendawo ingaba ngaphezu kuka-1000 m², kwabamfushane kakhulu bangakha ikoloni elilodwa kuphela. Ngokuqondene nezihlobo eziyizimbangi, i-angelfish isebenza ngamandla nangesihluku. Abamele lolu hlobo lwe-Pomacanthus (Pomacanthus) benza imisindo yokuqhafaza ngokuzwakalayo.