Ama-Humpbacks ayizinambuzane ezincane, isici esiyinhloko sazo ukuphuma kwezakhiwo okuhle emhlane. Lokhu ukuphuma kungathatha isimo sezimpondo, izikhala, izigaxa, amabhola nokunye.
Ukuphuma komzimba we-humpback kungaba kukhulu kunesinambuzane uqobo. Ngenxa yazo, ama-hunchbacks athole igama lawo.
Indawo yokuhlala ye-Humpback
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezintathu zalezi zinambuzane. Abesifazane ababambe ongezansi bahlala emhlabeni wonke jikelele, abatholakali kuma-Antarctic kuphela. Izinhlobo eziningi zihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseNingizimu Melika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-humpbacks atholakala ezindaweni ezibandayo ezishisayo.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi emabhulashini asezindaweni ezishisayo, inyakatho emuva inezimo ezingajwayelekile ngokuqhathaniswa nabalingani bazo basenyakatho.
Izinduna ezinophondo zihlala ezweni lethu, kepha ukubukeka kwazo akuyona into eyinkimbinkimbi kangako. EYurophu, kunezinhlobo ezintathu kuphela zama-humpbacks.
Indlela yokuphila ye-Humpback
Ama-humpbacks amaningi ahlala ezitshalweni. Izindawo ezithandwa kakhulu yiziphephe namagabha emahlathini. Kwabesifazane abaningi abadidekile, ingxenye yemijikelezo yokuphila yenzeka ezihlahleni.
Yize izinhlaka ezisemizimbeni ye-humpback zingaba zibalulekile, lezi zinambuzane zingandiza.
Kuliqiniso, azindiza kahle kakhulu. Bangakwazi ukunqoba emoyeni amamitha ambalwa kuphela.
Impilo yama-humpbacks ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi igcwele, ngoba iningi lazo alishiyi izitshalo. Zincanca izijusi ezivela ezitshalweni. Ijusi yemifino ye-Humpback ingumthombo oyinhloko wokudla okunempilo. Izinambuzane zabantu abadala nezibungu zidla kuzo. Zibangela ukulimala okuncane ezitshalweni ezitshaliwe.
Kunezindawo zokudonsela phansi kusuka ngoJulayi kuya ku-Agasti.
Ukubonakala kwama-humpbacks
Njengoba sekuphawuliwe, isici esiyinhloko salolu hlobo lwenhlobo siyizindlela eziphuma phambili ezithokozisayo kwi-expression. Kwezinye izindawo ezinamanzi amancane, zilula, ngokwesibonelo, zifana nophondo ngesimo, kuyilapho kwezinye ziyizakhiwo zokwakha zangempela. Ukubaluleka okuyinhloko kwalokhu okuphuma ngaphandle akucaci, kungenzeka kakhulu, le yindlela yokulingisa.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kwabesilisa nabesifazane bohlobo olufanayo, ukwakheka nombala wokuphuma kungahluka.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Humpback
Ama-Humpback females abeka amaqanda ngaphezulu kwamaqabunga, ezimpandeni zezitshalo, noma ngaphansi kwamagxolo. Amaqanda hibernate. Ukuvikela amaqanda, izinsikazi eziningi zimboza ngento ekhethekile enobuthi futhi iqinise futhi ihlale isikhathi eside. Futhi ezinye izintokazi zigada i-clutch yazo, ngaphezu kwalokho, zihlala nezibungu zize zikhule.
Ukwehla kwesibungu se-humpback kucebile ushukela. Lezi zimbotshana zibizwa ngamazolo oju. Izintuthwane zithanda kakhulu la amazolo. Kulokhu, ukubambisana phakathi kwe-humpback nymphs nezintuthwane sekusunguliwe, zilusizo kuzo zombili izinhlobo zezinambuzane. Izintuthwane zidla into emnandi, futhi “ngokubonga” zivikela ama-nymphs kwezinye izinambuzane eziyingozi.
Ama-Humpbacks aphephile ngokuphelele kubantu, yize izimpondo zawo ameva ebukhali futhi kungakhanywa ngazo.
Ikhanda
Ikhanda liyi-dichoptic kwabesilisa nabesilisa. Ibunzi ku-genera iningi eline-medical groove eqala kusuka kwi-ocellus engaphandle futhi igcina emaphethelweni ebunzini. Izinhlobo eziningi zofuzo kungenzeka zingabi nawo ama-setae ajwayelekile, kanti kwabanye, uhlobo IGymnophorazonke izinhlwathi ezingaphambili. Kukhona izinhlayiya ezingeziwe, imvamisa elinye elinye i-supraantenal noma i-intermedial. I-proboscis yabesilisa nabesifazane ihlukaniswa ngobude nobubanzi bama-lacinas nelebula. I-Antennae inezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko kanti i-aristas eyodwa ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu; kwezinye izimo, ama-aristas kungenzeka angabikho Palps ngokuvamile nge setae eziningana.
Isifuba
Isifuba sinezikhuhlu eziphakeme nesikibha nesihlangu esikhona ngaphansi kwaso. Kwabesifazane abangenazintambo, i-scutallum incishisiwe ngokwengxenye noma ayikho. Isifuba sithwala amabhulashi ahlukahlukene engxenyeni ye-dorsal kanye nasezinhlangothini, kanye namabhulashi amabili noma amane esihlangu. Komunye ama-mesopleura, i-groove ibonakala ngendlela yohlamvu L, ehlukaniswe yi-mesopleura.
Imvelo nendawo yokuhlala
Indlela yokuphila ye-hunchback ihluke kakhulu. Izibungu zezinhlobonhlobo zezinyamazane ezikhethekile, ezinye zidla amaqanda esarha, izimpukane zecaddis, izicabucabu, ama-aphid ezimpande, izibungu zomiyane bezithelo, nama-aphid akha inyongo. Ama-parasites amaningi noma amasiginali ezinambuzane zenhlalo, ikakhulukazi amasimu nezintuthwane, kanye nezinyosi, imichilo nemichilo. Izibungu zezinhlobo ezithile ze-humpback zidla ezitshalweni noma kumakhowe bukhoma. Kukhona nesibalo esikhulu sezinhlobo zazo izibungu ezidla okubolayo, ezinye zazo zivela kumakhowe noma kuma-mollus abafile. Phakathi kwama-humpbacks kunama-polyphage amaningi, ngokwesibonelo, izinhlobo Megaselia scalaris futhi I-Dohrniphora cornutaezingakhula emathinini wesitshalo esiphilayo, ekuhlaselweni kwezitshalo, izidumbu zezilwane, umquba, ubisi, emgodini wamathumbu womuntu nowokuchama, ezikhungweni zezinyosi. Ezinye izinhlobo ziyizinambuzane zezintuthwane ezihlasela futhi zibeke amaqanda azo embozweni olukhuni. Izimpukane ezindala zidla kakhulu kumajusi wezitshalo kakhulu.
Ukubaluleka komnotho
Ama-Humpbacks nawo angadala ukulimala komnotho. Ama-Humpbacks alimaza amahlathi wamakhowe otshaliwe. Ku-neotropical zone, ibhalwe njengabathwali besifo sezinyosi. Ama-humpbacks abangela i-mase kubantu nasezifuyeni, kanye nezithwali zekholera, ayaziwa. Megaselia scalaris .
Phakathi kwama-humpbacks, kukhona ama-ejenti okulawula izinto eziphilayo ezivamile ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwe-humpback-parasitoids adlala indima ebalulekile, ekwehliseni izinkudlwana zezintuthwane ezigawula amaqabunga Atta futhi I-Acromyrmex .
Ukuhlukaniswa
Kubandakanya izinhlobo ezingama-245 zozalo kanye nemindeni eyisithupha eyi-6: Phorinae, Aenigmatiinae, Metopininae (kufaka phakathi izizwe zakwa-Beckerinini kanye neMetopinini), i-Alamirinae, iTitoitoxeniinae, iThaumatoxeninae. Isimo semindeni engezansi kweThemitoxeniinae (Alamira - Horologiphora - Linklloydia - Perissa - Perittophora - Pronudiphora - Ridiculiphora - Selenophora - Septemineophora - Siluphora - Volvectiphora) noThaumatoxeninae (Thaumatoxena) Uhlobo olukhulu kakhulu I-Megaselia kufaka phakathi izinhlobo zezinhlobo eziyi-1500 (ezingama-400 zazo eYurophu).