I-Doberman ingenye yezinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu ngokubukeka okuhle, ukuthambekela okuyinkimbinkimbi nedumela eliphikisayo. Abanye bambheka njengomngane wezingane ezinhle, abanye umlindi omubi. I-Doberman igcwele indawo yonke, kepha ukugxila okuyinhloko kungokomsebenzi osemthethweni. Ngo-1925, uDoberman ogama lakhe linguSauer walandela umkhondo wesela elingu-160 km.
Izithombe zomuntu omdala Doberman umbala omnyama nomshu
Ubuhlakani nomlingiswa.
UDoberman unesimo sokuhamba eselula kakhulu, unozwela ngokwenzekayo. Uqaphile kakhulu, uyasebenza futhi unamandla, kepha ngaphandle kovalo nokuxaka. Le yinja enomqondo ogqamile wokuzithemba, ongasibekezeleli isimo sengqondo sokungahloniphi futhi ongavumi ukuba yinceku, ilunga elilinganayo lomndeni.
UDoberman unobuhlakani obumangalisayo futhi ulisebenzisa njalo empilweni yansuku zonke. Uyakwazi ukuhlaziya ngokuzimela izimo ezahlukahlukene zempilo futhi enze izinqumo, unenkumbulo enhle kakhulu. Imvamisa ifeza ubuqili bakhe noma inkani yakhe.
Enelukuluku kakhulu, kufanele abambe iqhaza kuzo zonke izindaba zomndeni futhi aqaphele imicimbi. Ungesabi futhi uzinikele ngokungazinikeli. Okwakhe uyisidalwa esithandekayo esinemvelo enhle, yezitha ezingaba khona - umgadi omubi nonolaka. Isiphetho se-Doberman ngaso sonke isikhathi kufanele sikuqaphele. Akakuthandi ukuluma futhi akafuni ukuluma ngokungadingekile. Ukudinwa nobugwala kungububi. Eminyakeni engaba ngu-50 edlule, umlingisi weDoberman waqhathaniswa nesibhamu eselayishiwe. Izinja zanamuhla azinonya kangako, kepha futhi zihlakaniphile, ziqinile futhi zinesibindi.
Ukuzalela okujwayelekile nezimpawu eziphambili.
UDoberman uyinja ephakathi nendawo enomzimba oqinile, onemisipha, ukuma okuziqhenyayo kanye nezinhlaka ezibushelelezi. Icala lefomethi yesikwele: ubude be-oblique budlula ukuphakama ngo-5-10%. I-dimorphism yezocansi kuthiwa. Ukuphakama lapho kubuna khona abesilisa - 68-72 cm, isisindo - 40-45 kg, ukuphakama kwama-bitches - 63-68 cm, isisindo - 32-35 kg.
Ikhanda lingobude obuphakathi, ngesimo lifana nepheshana elimfushane. Umqhele ucishe uthambile. Ukushintshwa kusuka ebunzini kuya esihlokweni kukhulunywa ngesizotha. Isizalo mude ngomlomo oqinile oqinile. Izindebe zomile, ziqonde kahle. Impumulo enamakhala amakhulu angaphansi kobude, ukuphakama, okumnyama noma onsundu, kuya ngombala. Iqoqo eliphelele lamazinyo, ukuluma kwesikhafu. Amehlo asayizi aphakathi ayindilinga, mhlawumbe mnyama ngombala. Izindlebe zibekwe phezulu, ngendlela engokwemvelo yobukhulu obuphakathi, ukulengiswa, ngomphetho wangaphambili oseceleni kwamathanga esihlathi. Ukubiza okuncane.
Intamo ingobude obujwayelekile, yomile, yehla ngendlela ebushelelezi. Ukubuna kuyabizwa. Umhlane ubanzi, mfushane. I-croup iconsa kancane. Isifuba sibanzi futhi sijulile. Umugqa ophansi uqiniswe ngokuqinile. Umsila usekwe phezulu, ngendlela yawo yemvelo ufinyelela emabangeni. Imilenze yinde, inemisipha eyomile ehlanganisiwe. Izinzwani zimfushane, zihlangene kahle. Amaphara nezikhafu zimnyama.
Ijazi linzima, likhulu futhi lifushane, linamathela kakhulu emzimbeni, futhi libushelelezi ekuthinteni. Akukho undercoat. Ukulinganisa ngokulinganisela. Hhayi iphunga lenja eliqinile. Faka umbala omnyama noma onsundu onamabala we-tan achazwe kahle. Noma ikuphi ukuphambuka kumaphoyinti acaciswe kuleveli kungasici noma isici (ngokuya ngobukhulu).
Isithombe se-derma esinsundu enomsila
Ukuya Doberman ngaphambili nanamuhla.
UDobermann uwukuzalwa kobumbhali, kungenxa yokuvela kwakhe kuKarl Friedrich Luis Dobermann, owazalwa ngo-1834 eJalimane, idolobha lase-Opoold, lapho ahlala khona futhi esebenza njengomthelisi.
Umugqa womsebenzi uphoqelele uFrederick ukuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi abe nomngane othembekile eduzane, kepha ayikho neyodwa yezinhlobo engahlangabezana ngokuphelele nezidingo zakhe. AmaJalimane ayezithanda ngempela izimbotshana ezincane, ngakho-ke ukubukeka kwawo nomoya wobuntu bawo kwathathwa njengesisekelo. UDoberman uphethe igazi lesipikili esidala saseJalimane, iRottweiler, iBeauceron, iWeimaraner nezinye izinja ezizingelayo.
Ukusebenza ngokuzalanisa uFryrich Dobermann kwaqala maphakathi nekhulu le-XIX. Kakade ngo-1863, amaDobermans aqala ukuboniswa eHamburg ngaphansi kwegama iThuringian Tubecher. Kusukela ngo-1876, kugcinwe incwadi yokubhuka. Ngemuva kokushona komsunguli ngo-1894, lo mfutho wanikezwa igama elithi Doberman Pinscher, futhi umfuyi odumile u-Otto Giller uqhubekile nomsebenzi wokufuya. Ngo-1949, isiqalo "i-pincher" sasuswa, kwakukhona elula kodwa sonorous - Doberman.
I-Doberman iyinja yezinsizakalo eziguquguqukayo enephunga elihle kakhulu, izinga eliphakeme lokulalela kanye nokusolwa okuzalwa ngabantu bangaphandle. Lezi zimfanelo zimvumela ukuthi asetshenziswe kabanzi ekusebenzeni emnyangweni wamaphoyisa, emasikweni, ebuthweni, ezinhlanganweni zokuphepha zokuhamba ebusuku. I-Dobermans esemthethweni ifaka ngenhloso intukuthelo nokuqwashisa, imfuneko yesibili yokuphoqelela ukuthobela okungenamibandela nokuzinikela. Ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe II, amaDobermans anikezwa isihloko esithi "uhlala ethembekile" ("semperfidelis") ngemisebenzi eya eMkhosini Wezempi wase-US.
I-Doberman ingaba ngumlingani omuhle kakhulu nenja yomndeni, okuthi noma ngaphandle koqeqesho oluhlosiwe luzovikela. NgamaDobermans babamba iqhaza emidlalweni ehlukahlukene (i-cani-cross, agility, ukudonsa kwesisindo).
Ezemfundo nokuqeqeshwa.
Kuyajabulisa ukusebenza noDoberman uma ukwazi ukumthakazelisa. Njengoba kufanele inja yenkonzo yangempela, ibamba konke okukumpukane, inomqondo ongajwayelekile kanye nokusebenza okumangazayo. UDoberman uyalalela futhi uthambekele kumuntu. Kubalulekile ukukhetha ukufundisa okuqonda ukuthi kulula kakhulu ukuthola izinja ukusebenza ngempumelelo ngaphandle kokuhlela, isiswebhu nezinye izindlela zokulwa.
Ukuziqeqesha njalo kuqala kusukela esemncane, usebenzisa ukuqiniswa okuhle ngendlela yokudumisa nezinto ezinhle. Kakade ezinyangeni ezingama-2-3 seziqala ukufeza imiyalo elula kwifomu lomdlalo. Akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa amandla omzimba anesihluku, ukuletha ngokukhethekile ubudlova nokuvumela ukuziphatha okungathandeki kukhukhulwe. Lokhu kungonakalisa unomphela isimilo senja.
Ukunakekelwa nokugcinwa.
I-Doberman ilungele kokubili efulethini nasegcekeni. Esimweni sokuqala, kubalulekile ukunikeza inja umsebenzi ofanele womzimba. Esikhathini sesibili - izindlu (isakhiwo esihlukile noma i-aviary ene-booth efudumele, lapho izinga lokushisa lingaconsi ngaphansi kwama-5 degrees). Okokuhamba ngenkathi ebandayo, amaDobermans akhetha izingubo ezintofontofo ngokuya ngesimo sezulu.
Ama-dobermans anamandla amakhulu, izinja ezinobuchule, adinga ukucindezelwa okuhle ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo futhi ngeke akwazi ukwaneliswa ukuhamba okumbili kwehora. Ukugijima nokubhukuda kuyakhuthazwa. Hamba imidlalo yokuphelezelana nokusebenza kwakho. Kubalulekile kakhulu ukwenza umthamo wokuzivocavoca umzimba futhi uwukhulise kancane kancane. Kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-1.5-2, kuze kube yilapho sekuqhamuke uhlelo lwe-musculoskeletal, uqeqesho kumele lube mnene.
Ukunakekela i-Doberman kuqondile. Izinwele zifakwa phakathi kuka-1-2 ngeviki ngebhulashi noma nge-mitten ngezinja ezinezinwele ezimfushane. geza isikhathi esingaphezu kwesingu-1 ngenyanga. Ngemuva kokuhamba, izinyawo nezinyawo zomzimba kungahlanzwa ngamanzi agobhozayo noma kusulwe ngendwangu emanzi. Izindlebe ziyahlanzwa njengoba ziba zingcolile, ngokuvamile izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngenyanga. Amehlo nezindlela ezi-lacrimal zisulwa njengoba kudingeka. Njalo emavikini ama-3-4, izindlawu ziyasikwa.
Izindlebe nomsila kaDoberman kungabanjwa emazweni lapho kungavunyelwe, ngesicelo somnikazi. Imisila iyamiswa ineminyaka engu-3-5 ubudala, ifushane kakhulu ukuze kubonakale ama-vertebrae amathathu. Izindlebe zinqunywa ezinyangeni ezi-3-4. Ukwakheka kwe-auricle kungahluka: "ikhandlela", "standard", "dagger". Ukubeka izindlebe ngemuva kokumiswa kuthatha kusuka ezinyangeni ezi-1 kuya kwezimbili.
Izithombe ze-dobermans zokuhamba
Umsoco Doberman.
Umnikazi uqobo unquma ukuthi hlobo luni lokudla okufanele ame: ekudleni okungokwemvelo noma okulungiselelwe. Zombili lezi zinketho zamukelekile, into esemqoka ukuthi ukudla okuphelele futhi okulinganayo. Umthamo wokuqukethwe nokuqukethwe kwekhalori kuncike kumthethosisekelo nomsebenzi wezinja.
Ukondliwa kwemvelo kwakheke ngendlela yokuthi ingxenye eyi-1/3 yansuku zonke iwele kwimikhiqizo yenyama neyenyama. I-Offal ibilisiwe, inyama (inyama yenkomo noma inkukhu) ingafakwa iqhwa noma igcotshwe ngamanzi abilayo.
Ama-2/3 asele kukhona okusanhlamvu (i-hercule, ilayisi, ama-nokunye okufana nokolweni), imifino, izithelo, amakhambi, imikhiqizo yobisi. Imifino. Kanye ngesonto, inyama ithathelwa indawo inhlanzi ebilisiwe ebilisiwe. Ngezikhathi ezithile unganikeza amaqanda, isiqu kanye nesinkwa esomile.
Lapho ukhetha okuphakelayo okwenziwe ngomumo, kufanele unake kuphela izinhlobo ze-super-premium noma ze-holistic class, njengoba umthetho lokhu kungukudla okugcwele okugcwele, akudingi ukunikezwa noma ukwethulwa kwezithasiselo zevithamini nezimbiwa. Ama-feed afanelekile ezinhlobo ezinkulu ezisebenzayo afanelekile ngokweminyaka. Ukusebenza kubalwa ngesisindo ngokususelwa ezincomeni ezisephaketheni.
Ukudla kwenja kufanele kufudumale (30-35 C). Izitsha zibekwa ezisekelweni ukuze zisezingeni lesifuba. Akunconyelwe ukondla ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokuzivocavoca. Amanzi ahlanzekile ngaso sonke isikhathi kufanele atholakale ngokukhululeka.
Ezempilo nezifo.
Esikhathini esedlule, amaDobermans kwakuqabukela eqaphela isifo esinefa nezici ezahlukahlukene, kepha ngokuthandwa okudumayo, inani elikhulu labantu laqala ukuzalanisa, noma, mhlawumbe, ukuzalanisa, izinja, ngaphandle kokuya ezindabeni zokuzalela nofuzo. Ngenxa yalokhu, inani lezifo ezibangelwa yifa lenyuka kakhulu kanti nenhlala-kahle yohlobo lwawo wonke umdidi selubi kakhulu. Izifo eziphambili ze-Dobermans: isifo senhliziyo (i-cardiomyopathy), ukuguquguquka kwesisu, i-dysplasia ye-hip.
Okuncane okuvame kakhulu yisifo sokuwa, izifo ze-metabolic, isithulu, iziphazamiso ohlelweni lwamazinyo, ukuphazamiseka kwegazi, ukungazinzi kwe-vertebrae yomlomo wesibeletho, ukuqina okuphakathi nendawo, i-cryptorchidism, i-narcolepsy.
Izinja ezigunyaziwe zigonywa ngokwezinhlelo ezijwayelekile. Ukutholwa okufika ngesikhathi kwama-pathologies, kunconywa ukuthi kuhlolwe umzimba ngonyaka. Njalo ezinyangeni ezi-3-4 zenza umhlonyane, kuthi lapho kuqala ukushisa nangaphambi kwamaqhwa alwe namagciwane angaphandle. Isikhathi sokuphila sivame ukuba yiminyaka eyi-13-16.
Ukukhetha i-Doberman puppy.
Lapho ukhetha noma yimuphi uhlobo lokufuya, kufanele unqume: ukuthi luyini ngempela. I-Doberman ingaba inja yenkonzo, umndeni noma ezemidlalo. Ngokuqondene nocansi, imichilo inamathele kakhulu ezindlini nasezinyeni. Ngezintambo, kunzima kakhulu ukuletha nokulalela. Ngaphambi kwesikhathi kuyadingeka ukuthola uhlobo lwenja (yaseMelika noma yaseYurophu), kanye nombala (onsundu noma omnyama).
Ukukhetha imidlwane kuqala ngokukhetha umfuyi kanye nabazali. Ungavakashela imibukiso eminingana emikhulu, uxoxe ngezinkundla zezindaba noma uthinte iklabhu. Kungcono ukubheka abazali bomdlwane besebenza nasesimweni esijwayelekile somndeni, bahlaziye i-psyche yabo kanye nezimo zokuboshwa.
Ngaphandle, imidlwane kufanele ibe nempilo ngezinwele ezihlanzekile namehlo acacile. Isisindo somdlwane ezinyangeni ezi-2,5-6 kg kanti futhi sebekuleli banga manje banquma ukuhambisana nokwejwayelekile (umbala, ukuma, ukulingana, ukuluma, izivivinyo). Ungathatha izingane ezineminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala. Umfuyi kufanele anikeze nge-metric for the puppy kanye nepasipoti yezilwane, ekhombisa ukugoma okwenziwe ngeminyaka. Izinja akufanele zibe ngamagwala noma zibe nobudlova, izici eziphambili kulokhu kungukufuna ukwazi, ukudlala kanye nobungani.
I-Doberman enhle ayikwazi ukushibhile. Thatha inja emakethe yezinyoni noma ezandleni zakho ngama-ruble ayi-5000-8000. - ilotho. Ezinkulisa, inani lemidlwane eklasini lezilwane ngama-ruble ayi-15,000-20000. Ukuthembisa izingane ngokuzalanisa nokubonisa umsebenzi kuvame ukubiza kusuka kuma-ruble angama-35,000.
Izithombe zemidlwane enama-doberman
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi.
Izinzuzo ze-Doberman yilezi:
+ Umngane othembekile nonogada othembekile,
+ Inja enobuntu obugqamile,
+ Ikhono elihle lokufunda,
+ Ukungathobeki,
+ Ukushiswa ngokulinganisela,
+ Ngomngane okhulisayo omuhle emidlalweni yezingane,
Okubi kubandakanya
- Udinga imfundo eqatha,
- Ayifanele njengenja yentsha,
- Isidingo sokuhamba nsuku zonke kunoma yisiphi isimo sezulu,
- Amathuba aphezulu wezinkinga zenhliziyo.
Umlando wemvelaphi yokuzalanisa
I-Dobermans pedigree yaqala ukulandelelwa kuphela ngemuva kokuba izinja ziqale ukubamba iqhaza emibonisweni yemibukiso. Ukuzalelwa kwafukulwa ngenhloso yokuthola ukusebenza okuhle. Ngenxa yezinkinga zokuhamba, inzalo yatholakala ngenxa yokuwela abantu bokuqala ababanjwa.
Kusukela maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka ngaphambi kokugcina, ochwepheshe baqala ukusebenzela ukwenza ngcono ukuzalanisa, futhi ukwenziwa ngcono kwezimpawu zohlobo lokuzala kuqale ukwenziwa muva nje. Lo mfutho waba negama lakhe ukuhlonipha uDobermann Friedrich Louis, okuthi ngaphandle kwamakhono obuchwepheshe, enze lo msebenzi wokufuya lolu hlobo lweminyaka engu-25. Wayedinga nje inja eqinile nethembekile, njengoba ayesebenza njengephoyisa ebusuku nomthelisi. Ngakho-ke, isisekelo somsebenzi wabo wokuzalela wabekwa umgomo wokuthola inja enhle engesabi engaqeqeshwa kalula.
Ngeshwa, esikhathini sethu, noma yimiphi imininingwane yokuthi hlobo luni lwenja lomuntu alusebenzise ukuzalanisa ayikho ngokuphelele. Ngasikhathi sinye, kwaziwa kahle ukuthi ngenxa yomsebenzi wokuzalela, inzalo kwavela ukuthi, ngokwemininingwane yayo, ayihambelani nabakwaDobermans. Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe bavumile ukuthi uFrederick wasebenzisa izinhlobo ezinjena zezinja njengoRottweiler, Weinmaraner, uMelusi, uHound, uPinkcher kanye noGreat Dane emsebenzini wakhe.
Ngenxa yemizamo kaFriedrich Dobermann, inja eqinile, eyakhelwe ubuhlanga futhi nenhle yabona ukukhanya. Waqala ukufana nohlobo lwanamuhla. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, u-Otto Geller waqala ukusebenza ngezimfanelo zabafuduki, ezaziqukethe i-Von Thuringen ken ken in hand kwa-Anold.
Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi! AmaDobermans asakazeke kakhulu eYurophu nakwamanye amazwe, sibonga u-Otto Geller. Lokhu kuzalaniswa okokuqala kwavela endaweni yaseRussia kuphela ngo-1902.
Ukuchazwa kwezitho zohlobo lokuzala
Amaphethelo amaDobermans ahlukaniswe yisiqiniseko sokuthi ziye zaqondisa ngokuqondile izingalo, kanti ingxenye engezansi iyacindezelwa esifubeni futhi inendlela eqonde emuva emuva. Izihlakala zibanzi futhi ziqinile, kufaka phakathi nokunwebeka futhi kufushane. Amaphethelo angaphambili anemisipha impela, omile futhi afakiwe.
Izingalo zomzimba zithuthukisiwe futhi, ngenkathi zihluka phambi kwamathanga, izicubu zomzimba ezifanayo nobubanzi. Izikhonkwane ziqinile futhi zomile. I-Tibia yinde, kepha ithambekele. Ukuhamba kwenja kukhanya futhi kuhamba ngobukhulu, futhi kumahhala futhi kuyashanela, kanti amaDobermans agijima ngokushesha, akhululeke futhi muhle kakhulu.
Izinkinga zokuzala
Okubi kweDobermans kufaka phakathi izici ezilandelayo:
- Ijazi elithambile nele-wavy.
- Ukuba khona kokushunqa emthunzini ohlukile.
- Ukuba khona kwesiko elingaphansi elimnyama nelimenyezelwe.
- Amble.
- Amagobongo ahlukaniswe kahle, ama-engeli ahlanganayo awalungile, kanye nokuba khona kweminwe enenzuzo.
- Izicucu ze-Elbow zimbozwe, i-clubfoot.
- Imisipha ebuthakathaka.
- Indawo yesifuba iyisicaba, ibunjiwe noma imfishane.
- Amehlo ayaqaqamba, nentamo ikhulu futhi imfishane.
Kwezinye izimo, kubonakaliswa ukungabi nalutho kokugqama kwengxenye yangaphambili, ukungabikho kwenguquko noma ukuguquka okubukhali, ikhanda elifushane kepha elisindayo, ukuba khona kwamathambo, ukubakhona kwesihlakala esicijile, izindlebe ezibekwe phansi, izindebe eziwugqinsi, njll.