I-Dzo, iHainak, iHainik, iHainag iyi-hybrid yenkomo yasekhaya ne-yak. Izinhlobo ezinjalo nzalo zivame kakhulu eMongolia, iTibet naseNepal. I-Dz iye akuyona into, umuntu ngqo, ojwayelekile, njengoba ivela kaningi. Zisetshenziswa kwezolimo. Ngaphandle, zifana nenkomo, kuphela ngomsila wehhashi, isisindo sabesilisa siphile cishe ngama-350-400 kg, izinkomo - 250-300 kg, zinezimpawu eziphakeme zokukhiqiza, ngakho-ke zithola amalitha afinyelela ku-5000 ubisi ngonyaka kusuka kuzo, ezinezici ezinhle ze-organoleptic, okungukuthi, ubisi impela okumnandi futhi kunuka okuhle. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, nzalo enjalo akuvamile ukuthi izalwe, noma kunjalo, umsebenzi ekwakhiweni kwawo kokufakelwa owenziwe selokhu kwaqala ikhulu lamashumi amabili. Umbuzo onengqondo uphakama, kungani kwenziwa lokhu?, Iqiniso ukuthi i-dzoo ihlala kuze kube yiminyaka engama-35 kuya kwengama-40 ubudala, futhi unyaka nonyaka izala izingane, kuyilapho i-hydride evamile inikeza izilwane ezincane eziyi-9 ukwedlula inkomo ejwayelekile, ngenkathi umkhiqizo ungalungile akukho ngaphansi. Ngasikhathi sinye, nzalo akuzona ezilandelanayo ezimeni zokondla nokugcina, ezinciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokuphakelwa. Abesifazane kuphela abasebenza inzalo, ababizwa ngokuthi yi-zomo noma uginindela, yi-prodovat, owesilisa (zo) oyinyumba.
Kufanele futhi kwaziwe ukuthi ama-nzalo amelana kakhulu nezifo, futhi aqine kakhulu, ngakho-ke ama-dzos angadonsela inqola enesisindo esingama-600 kg, esingaphezu kwamandla enkomo evamile.
Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningana nzalo:
- IGolden haynak iyi-hybrid yomuntu yak futhi inkunzi yohlobo lwaseMongolia, ibhekwa njenge-hybrid ethandwa kakhulu, njengoba inezici eziphakeme futhi engazithobi ezimeni zokuphaka kanye nemvelo. Owesifazane uthwala inzalo yezinyanga eziyi-9.
- i-haynak yesiliva - insikazi yohlobo lwemvelo lwaseMongolia nenkunzi ye-yak - ayakhiqizi kangako kune-haynak yegolide, kodwa futhi iyi-hybrid ekhiqizayo. Owesifazane uthwala inzalo yezinyanga eziyi-8.
- I-Orthom iyi-hybrid yesizukulwane sesibili, izinkomo zikaHainak ngenkunzi yezinkomo zaseMongolia, inzalo esezingeni eliphansi kusuka kulo lonke uhla, ngakho-ke inzalo ithela kakhulu futhi kwezinye izimo ayisebenzi. Ngakho-ke, bazama ukuqeda izilwane ezinjalo.
Izici zeHainak
Umsebenzi wokususwa kweHainaks wenziwe kusukela ngo-1990. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, nzalo enjalo iyivelakancane kakhulu. Abesilisa bakwaHainak babizwa ngokuthi ama-zo, kuthi abesifazane babizwe ngokuthi yi-zomo.
Isikhathi sokuphila kukaHainik sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-36, kuyilapho enza unyaka nonyaka. Impilo, le nzalo enikeza amathole ayi-9 kunezinkomo ezejwayelekile. IHainak ikhiqiza amalitha angama-5400 obisi ngonyaka, futhi inkomo eyodwa egcwele ngokwesilinganiso ayinikeli amalitha obisi angaphezu kuka-4500. Ngasikhathi sinye, ubisi lwe-haynak lunokuqukethwe kwamafutha okungu-3.2%. Inyama yesidumbu itholwa amakhilogremu angama-150-200. Uboya nesikhumba salezi nzalo zihlala isikhathi eside ikakhulukazi. Abesilisa bakwaHainak bayinyumba, okungukuthi, abakhiqizi inzalo.
IHainakov isetshenziswa kwezolimo, ngoba ikhwalithi yobisi lwayo, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwalezi zilwane kuphakeme kakhulu kunezinkomo ezejwayelekile.
IHainaki inkulu ngosayizi kunama-yaks; inezinwele ezimfushane. Ama-nzalo, njengama-yaks, aqine kakhulu; angadla emadlelweni aphezulu ezintaba. Abesilisa banomlingiswa omubi kakhulu, ngemuva kokuhanjiswa baba namandla ngokwengeziwe, ngakho-ke asetshenziswa njengezinkomo ezisebenzayo ukuthutha imithwalo esindayo. Inkunzi eyodwa iyakwazi ukuthutha cishe amasenti ayi-6.
Lapho inkabi yaseMongolia kanye ne-yak yensikazi iwela, kutholakala i-haynak ye-hybrid yegolide noma i-altan haynak. Futhi lapho inkomo yaseMongolia iwela nge-yak, kutholakala i-hybrid, ebizwa ngokuthi i-haynak yesiliva. Amandla angokomzimba we-hainak yegolide aphakeme kunalawo esiliva.
Kuma-yaks nezinkomo zabesifazane, isikhathi sokukhulelwa kwe-nzalo ziyehluka. I-yak yesifazane ine-fetus eyi-hybrid izinyanga eziyi-9, nenkomo izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili.
Ama-hybrid aqine futhi akhiqize kunezinkomo ezifuywayo.
IHainagi, ngokungafani nama-yaks, ayikwazi ukuhlala hhayi phakathi kwezintaba eziphakeme kuphela, kodwa futhi nasezindaweni eziphansi. Badle esifundeni saseTunkinsky kanye nasesigodini saseSashaginsky, lapho ukuphakama kungadluli amamitha ayi-1000 ngaphezu kolwandle.
Ezindaweni ezinamabala aphansi, izimo zezulu zithandeka ngokwengeziwe, ngakho-ke amaHainaks kulula ukuzalanisa.
Incazelo yeHainak nendlela yokuphila
Kukholakala ukuthi ukuvela kwale nzalo enjalo yikhona okubangelwe yikuthi ngesikhathi se-rut kwakukhona abesilisa abaningi bama-yaks asendle abangazitholi abesifazane futhi beza emhlambini wezinkomo ezifuywayo. Ukubonakala okungajwayelekile, osayizi abakhulu bethusa izinkabi ezifuywayo, kodwa izinkomo zazamukela, futhi ngenxa yalokho amathole anjalo angcolile aphenduka. Futhi lapho bekhula, abanikazi, bebona ukuthi ungathola inyama eningi nobisi kubo, baqala ukuwela izinkomo ezijwayelekile ngama-yaks ezifuywayo.
Kusukela ngo-1990, ukwakhiwa kabusha kwama-hainaks sekuyinto yososayensi, futhi izinhlobo eziningana ziye zakhiqizwa. Endleleni, abesilisa bakwaHainak, eTibet babiza iZo, kanye nabesifazane - uZomo. Ngokwesisindo, abesilisa beHainaks bafinyelela ku-400 kg, izinsikazi ngokwesilinganiso zisuka ku-200 ziye kuma-300 kg.
IHainaki iphila isikhathi eside kunezinkomo ezejwayelekile, ezinesilinganiso sokuphila esilinganiselwa eminyakeni engama-36, ezinikeza ngaso unyaka nonyaka. Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo, uHainaki uletha amathole ayi-9-10 ngaphezu kwezinkomo ezejwayelekile.
Ukukhiqizwa kweHainak kuphakeme kakhulu kunezinkomo ezejwayelekile. Amalitha obisi angama-5400 afakwa kumuntu wesifazane waseHainak ngonyaka, kanti inkomo ejwayelekile ayakhiqizi amalitha angaphezu kuka-4500. Okuqukethwe kwamafutha obisi lwe-haynak kungu-3.2%. Inyama evela haynak eyodwa yabantu abadala ithola amakhilogremu angama-150-200 ngaphezulu kwezinkomo. Isikhumba seHainak sihlala isikhathi eside, kanti noboya buyasetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwezingubo nasekwenzeni ukhaphethi. Abesilisa bakwaHainak kabanikezi inzalo, kepha lokhu akusona isithiyo, ngoba ukushushumbisa okwenziwe kudala bekuyenziwa ekufuyeni izilwane.
IHainaki, ngokungafani nama-yaks, ingahlala ethafeni, futhi ayesabi ukushisa komoya okuphezulu ngokwanele. Iminyaka eminingana, iHainaks ibilokhu inyakaziswa eRussia, eBuryatia naseTuva. Ubisi nenyama yeHainak iyadingeka kakhulu. Ngakho-ke eRussia, uhlobo olulodwa lwezinkomo selukhuphukile.
Interspecific yezilwane nzalo
7. I-Killer Whale - i-whale ebulalayo ne-dolphin hybrid
Kusukela kowesilisa whale omfishane omnyama kanye nehlengethwa yabesifazane, kuvela imikhomo yokubulala. Zivelakancane kakhulu, futhi kuyaziwa ukuthi kunommeleli oyedwa ekudingisweni.
8. Cow-bison - hybrid yenkomo kanye nenyathi
I-hybrid yenkomo nebhungane ibikhona kusukela ngekhulu le-19, lapho bebizwa Katalo. Izinkukhu zamakati zinempilo kunezinkomo futhi zibangela ukulimala okuncane kwemvelo ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo amadlelo.
Ngeshwa, ngenxa yokuzalanisa, manje kunemihlambi emi-4 yenyathi engenazo izinhlobo zezinkomo.
9. U-Loshak - i-hybrid of a stallion nembongolo
Eqinisweni, ama-hinnies aphambene nomnyuzi. Umnyuzi ungowokuzalwa kwembongolo ne-ma, kanti i-hin iyi-hybrid yensikazi nembongolo. Amakhanda abo anjengamahhashi, futhi mncane kakhulu kunamanyuzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-hinnies ajwayelekile kunamanyuzi.
10. INarluha - inzalo ka-narwhal ne-beluga whales
Ama-narwhal kanye ne-beluga whales bangabameli ababili bomndeni we-narwhal, ngakho-ke akumangazi ukuthi bayakwazi ukuwela.
Kodwa-ke, zivamile kakhulu. Muva nje, bebevame ukubonakala empumalanga ye-Atlantic Ocean, abaningi ababheka njengophawu lokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
11. Kama - a hybrid of camel and llama
U-Kama akazange abekhona kuze kube ngu-1998. Abanye ososayensi eCamel Reproduction Center eDubai banquma ukuwela ikamela lowesilisa onomuntu oyedwa no-llama besifazane ngokufakwa kokufakelwa, sebethole i-kama yokuqala.
Injongo bekungukukhiqizwa koboya nokusetshenziswa kwe-kang njengesilwane sepakethe. Kuze kube manje, sekukhiqizwe ama-camel amahlanu kanye ne-llama.
I-Hainak noma i-Zo - i-hybrid yenkomo ne-yak
I-Zo (eyesilisa) ne-zomo (insikazi) yinzalo phakathi kwezinkomo ezifuywayo nama-yaks asendle. Zitholakala ikakhulu eTibet naseMongolia, lapho zibaluleke kakhulu ngesithelo esikhulu senyama nobisi. Zinkulu futhi zinamandla kunezinkomo nama-yak, futhi zivame ukusetshenziswa njengezilwane zokupakisha.
Izinhlobo zezilwane zomhlaba
13. Ingwe - inzalo yengwe nengonyamakazi
Ukusuka kowesilisa onengwe nengonyamakazi, kuvela ingwe. Lesi simo cishe singenzeki endle, ngoba zonke izingwe zazikhuliselwe ekudingisweni. Izingwe zinekhanda nomsila wengonyama, nomzimba wengwe.
14. Izimvu kanye nezimbuzi ezi-hybrid
Izimbuzi nezimvu zibonakala zifana kakhulu, kepha zihluke kakhulu komunye nomunye kunokubonakala ekuqaleni. Izinhlobo nzalo zemvelo phakathi kwalezi zilwane zivame ukuzalwa futhi zivame kakhulu. Isilwane esibizwa ngokuthi imbuzi kanye ne-chimera yezimvu sikhuliswe ngendlela yobuciko sisuka embesheni yezimbuzi nezimbuzi.
I-Yaglev - inzalo yejaguar nengonyamakazi
I-Yaglev iyi-hybrid yengwe yeduna nengonyamakazi. Ama-Yaglars amabili, abizwa ngeJazhara noTsunami, azalelwa eBear Creek Ontario.
16. I-Mulard - i-hybrid yedada yasendle ne-musky
IMulard isiphambano phakathi kukadada wasendle kanye nedada le-musky. Idada le-musky lihlala eSouth America naseMelika Ephakathi futhi lihlukaniswa ukukhula okugqamile obomvu ebusweni. AmaMoolards akhelwe inyama nama-foie gras, futhi wona uqobo awukwazi ukukhiqiza inzalo yawo.
17. Inyathi - inzalo yenkomo nenyathi
Inyathi iyi-hybrid yenkomo nebhungane. Bison ngezindlela eziningi zedlula zonke izinkomo ezifuywayo, ngoba zinamandla futhi zilwa nezifo.
Zazithathwa njengezongena esikhundleni sezinkomo, kepha manje inyathi yahlala emhlambini owodwa kuphela eHlathini leBialowieza ePoland.
U-Yasha kanye ne-harem yakhe
Umholi womhlambi we-Perm nguYasha bison. Kunezinsikazi ezinhlanu harem yakhe. UJasha ugcina ukuhleleka, “wakhe” omkakhe. Uma kuqhathaniswa "namantombazane", u-Yasha uziphatha kabi ngokwedlulele, ubukeka ngendlela engathandeki kubantu angabazi. Lapho inkosikazi ifika kuye, umholi wamathambo uyambingelela, anikine ikhanda lakhe elikhulu.
U-Yasha uneminyaka emithathu ubudala. Usebhekwa njengethole. I-goby inesisindo esingama-800 kg. Eminyakeni embalwa, uYasha uzobe esekwazi ukuba ngubaba. Futhi ngeminyaka engama-6-8, uzofinyelela isisindo somzimba esiphezulu - ngaphezu kwethani. Omama bezingane zakhe ezingakazalwa - unyaka owodwa nohhafu, ukuphakama nesisindo baphansi kakhulu kune "umyeni" wabo. U-Olga Gribanova uthe lezi zintokazi zakhishwa ngokoqobo zivela komama bazo. Izinyanga eziyisithupha abahlala ePem yizinyanga zabo zokuqala zokuphila.
Orthom - isizukulwane sesibili nzalo
Lapho insikazi yaseHainak ivundiswa ngenkunzi yaseMongolia, kutholakala i-orth. Ama-buryats azame ukuqeda ama-orthoms, ngoba mancane kakhulu kunezinkomo zaseMongolia, akhiqiza ubisi oluncane, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, awakwazi ukubekezelela ukubanda. Ukusuka kuma-orthoms, kuzalwa isizukulwane esingajwayela ngokwengeziwe impilo nesisindo esincane. Inzalo enjalo yathola igama elithi "isisu samanzi."
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela u-Ctrl Enter.
Inkomo yeBison = bifalo
Izwe le-bison yiNyakatho Melika. Kwake kwaba nesikhathi isibalo sabo safinyelela abantu abayizigidi ezimbili. Kepha ngo-1890, kwasala izilwane ezingama-635 kuphela. Isizathu sokwehla kwesibalo sabantu kwakuwukuqothulwa kwe-buffalo ngabaseMelika. Ngokubulala izilwane, babefuna ukuletha amaNdiya ukuba afe yindlala. Inyathi yadutshulwa imihlambi yezidumbu kanti izidumbu zazo zashiya ukubola emaphepheni.
Kuze kube manje, inani le-bison seliphinde labhalwa kabusha laya kufinyelela ku-40,000. Abasahlali endle, kodwa baphila nge-bisonaria kuphela - izindawo ezikhethekile. Ukubulala akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele. Futhi, njengoba u-Olga Gribanova avuma, kunzima kakhulu ukuthi aqinisekise ukuthi inyathi ivunyelwe ukuphuma. "Sidinga ukulandela imigomo nemithetho eqinile," kusho u-Olga.
Njengombana umlimi avuma, umberego wakhe omkhulu awukona ukulondoloza inani lamabhungane (yize lokhu kungumsebenzi wakhe njengomnikazi wesilwane esingajwayelekile), kodwa ukuzalanisa inkomo yeHereford neyebison. I-hybrid enjalo eYurophu ibizwa nge- bifalo, kanti iNingizimu Melika yaziwa kangcono njengeCatalo.
Impilo yami yonke ekuhleni
Amabhisidi ayimfuyo elula kakhulu yabalimi. Empeleni azidingi ukunakekelwa. Izilwane zigcinwa emoyeni ovulekile, azinazo ngisho nendawo yokukhosela encane. Yebo, abazidingi. Inyathi ibekezelela ukubanda. Isikhathi sokuzala singoJanuwari. Njengoba u-Olga Gribanova asho, inyathi izolile ngeqhwa eqhweni.
“Futhi ngisho nakufriji angama-40-degree, owesifazana uzoteta ngokungafani nezimo akuso njengamanje. Ngisho ithole elisanda kuzalwa alesabi noma iyiphi iqhwa. Lesi isilwane esinamandla kakhulu, esimelana neqhwa. Ngamahora 1.5 kuya kwayi-2 ngemuva kokuzalwa, ithole limi liqinile emilenzeni emine bese lilandela unina ngokungagodli, ”kusho yena.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ubaba wenyathi “uqoka” amanye “amabhulukana” amabili ngethole ngalinye, ngaphandle kukanina. Futhi banesibopho sonke sokubheka ingane.
Inyathi engagxiliwe hhayi kokuqukethwe kuphela, kodwa futhi nokudla okunempilo. Akuvumelekile otshanini, kudla ukudla okuxubile notshani. “Ngokuvamile, amabhungane abizwa ngokuthi umshini ofanele wokudla utshani. E-Melika, kunesaga esinjengalesi: "Bekungeke kube khona inyathi - bekungeke kube khona utshani, bekungeke kube notshani - bekungekho ubhungane." Umchamo we-bison ngumanyolo wamadlelo aluhlaza, ”kusho umnikazi wazo.