- Uhlelo Lencazelo Yezindawo Zemvelo
- Isikhundla sendawo
- Ukukhululeka nenhlabathi
- Isimo sezulu
- Umhlaba onemifino
- Umhlaba wezilwane
- Okumbiwayo kwendalo
- Unogada weTaiga
- Yini esiyifundile?
Isikhundla sendawo
Indawo yemvelo ye-taiga itholakala emazwenikazi amabili. ENyakatho Melika, ifinyelela ezindaweni ezisenyakatho kulo lonke izwekazi. E-Eurasia, kusuka eSifundeni SaseScandinavia kuya ogwini lwePacific.
Indawo yemvelo yaseRussia, i-taiga, ithatha indawo enkulu kunazo zonke. Ubude baso engxenyeni yaseYurophu buyi-800 km., E-Eastern Siberia - 2150 km. Ukuhamba kwamanzi kubalulekile. Imifula emikhulu ye-taiga yiNyakatho Dvina, Pechora, ne-Ob.
Ukukhululeka nenhlabathi
Usizo luvamisile kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi lihlangana nezigodi zemifula ejulile. Amahlathi e-evergreen asezindaweni eziphansi ezakha ngenkathi yeqhwa.
Inhlabathi ayimpofu. Ngenxa yesimo sezulu esingesihle, ungqimba oluvundile luncane kakhulu; izihlahla ezinkulu eziqinile azikwazi ukuhlala lapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinaliti eziwile ezihlahleni ziqukethe ama-acid ayingozi, lapho, lapho ebolile, aphelelisa umhlaba ompofu.
Isimo sezulu
Lesi yisici esiyinhloko sendawo yemvelo ye-taiga. Ubusika buyabanda, bomile, bahlala izinyanga eziyi-7-8. Ihlobo, noma lide, kepha lifudumele. I-Autumn kanye nentwasahlobo zimfushane kakhulu, imvamisa azidluli inyanga. Njengoba imingcele ye-taiga isemngceleni we-tundra, kuvunguza imimoya ebandayo lapha esuka e-Arctic Circle isikhathi esiningi sonyaka.
Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu ehlobo eCelsius ngu + 21 °. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu ebusika lingu -54 °.
Umhlaba onemifino
Abamele abaphambili bangama-conifers angama-evergreen. Babizwa kanjalo ngoba amaqabunga abo afana nenaliti avumela umswakama ukuthi ugcinwe unyaka wonke futhi izihlahla azidingi ukuzwakala njengamaqabunga anqabile nezinaliti. Okuhlukile kuyinkimbinkimbi. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lesi sihlahla si-coniffort, sivezelwa ubusika.
Abamele ejwayelekile be-taiga: uphayini, i-spruce, i-fir, i-larch. Emahlathini anjalo, kutholakala amakhowe amaningi. Ama-mosses, ama-lichens, kanye nezihlahla eziphansi zikhula emhlabathini. Kunezimbali ezimbalwa ezimbizeni ezimnyama.
Umhlaba wezilwane
Zonke izilwane kwakudingeka zizivumelanise nezimo ezinzima. Phakathi kwezinyoni, iningi lazo liyafuduka. Unyaka wonke, kusala izinkozi nezikhova kuphela. Eduze komhlaba kuhlala ngamagundane amancane. Abagcini behlathi bangamabhere, ebusika bawela ebusika. Inkosi yehlathi ibhekwa njengezinyamazane ezibomvu - ngezimpondo zayo ezibanzi ezibanzi. E-taiga kuhlala ummeleli omkhulu womndeni wekati - ihlosi laseSiberia.
Ukuziqhenya kwePrimorsky Territory eRussia yi-Ussuri taiga. Le nkimbinkimbi yemvelo ibaluleke kakhulu ngemithombo yayo nezindawo ezinhle zomhlaba. Kepha okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi omele kakhulu angahlali lapha - ihlosi le-Ussuri, okuyinto emvelweni kuphela idlanzana elithile.
U-fig. 3. Ussuri tiger
Okumbiwayo kwendalo
I-taiga yaseRussia ifundwe kancane. Ngenxa yobude bayo nezimo ezinzima, kunzima kakhulu ukusetha izikhungo zokucwaninga lapha. Ezweni lethu, amahlathi asetshenziswa kakhulu embonini. Ikhiqiza uwoyela, igesi, amalahle.
ICaniga yaseCanada nayo icebile. Lapha, izinsimbi ezinjengegolide, ithusi, i-zinc, isiliva, i-uranium zimbiwa. Ngesinye isikhathi, yonke imayini yabavukuzi egolide yaya eNyakatho Melika ukuyoceba.
Ibhere elimnyama (isigaxa)
Ibhere elimnyama noma ibaribal yakha izinhlobo ezihlukile futhi ibukeka ihlukile nebhere elinsundu. Lincane kune-grizzly, lapho lihlala khona ezifundeni ezifanayo zezwekazi laseNyakatho Melika, futhi phakathi kwamagxa amahlombe alinaso isici se-hump yebhere elinsundu. Ungahlangana ne-baribal e-Alaska, cishe kuzo zonke izifundazwe zaseCanada. E-United States, akukho silo kuphela ezifundeni eziseduze neMississippi. Ibhere elimnyama lihlala entshonalanga, empumalanga yezwe, futhi lithumba izifundazwe eziseningizimu. Wazikhethela izifunda eziphakathi nezisentshonalanga neMexico. Okusho ukuthi, le nhlobo nayo ivame eNyakatho Melika, njengebhere elinsundu eSiberia.
Isisindo sebhere elimnyama ziyehluka ngokuhambisana nesikhathi sonyaka, ubudala nobulili. Ekwindla, i-baribal inesisindo esingu-30% ngaphezulu kunasentwasahlobo, lapho isuka emgodini ngemuva kokuqedwa ubusika. Amabhere amnyama ogwini olusempumalanga yezwekazi asinda kunabahlali bezifunda zasentshonalanga. Isisindo sabesilisa sisukela ku-55 kuye kuma-250 kg. Abesifazane banesisindo esisukela ku-40 kuye ku-170 kg. Okusho ukuthi, abesifazane bancane kunobulili obunamandla. Ubude bomzimba webhere elidala ngamamitha ayi-1,2-2. Ukuphakama ekushwabeni kufinyelela ku-70- 50 cm. Umsila ukhula ubude bube yi-8-17 cm.
Uboya besibabule bumnyama, bufushane futhi bushelelezi. Kuphela yi-muzzle enombala ophuzi ophuzi. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi kuba khona amabhere anemibala ehlukene yoboya. Kungaba nsundu omnyama, kube mnyama ngombala omhlophe, omhlophe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbala wokugcina awuvamile. Kungamakhulu ama-cubs azelwe, umuntu kuphela ongaziqhayisa ngohlobo olunjalo olungakhetheki futhi olungafakwanga lezinwele ezimnyama ezimnyama. Izithiyo ezimhlophe zitholakala ikakhulu enyakatho-mpumalanga yeCanada.
Umsedari
Lesi sithandwa samaphinifa kaphayini singumhlali ojwayelekile we-taiga. Uqhwaku olude oluqinile, ukhipha ubuhlakani ngenhlanyelo ezinhlotsheni ezivuthiwe. Njengoba esewagcwalise nge-goiter, umsedari uyandiza uye ekudleni kwasemini ekugcineni kwehlathi. Futhi lapho amaphuphu alambile emlindile, uyawondla esidlekeni, esontekile kusuka emagatsheni nasemgqonyeni kaphayini omude. Ebusika, ubeka amantongomane ngokuwafihla emigqonyeni noma emifantweni yezihlahla ezibolile.
Izinyoni ezahlukahlukene, kanye nezilwane, zivame ukuhanjelwa ku-pantry yakhe. Enye imbewu ihlala emgundwini futhi ihlume ngentwasahlobo: yile ndlela umsedari ohileleke ngayo ekwakhiweni kabusha kukaphayini womsedari waseSiberia. Lapho amantongomane angavuthiwe, izinyoni zidla izimbungulu, amacimbi, imbewu ye-spruce, amajikijolo. Eminyakeni engakhiqizi izigaxa, imisedari kaphayini ibuthana emihlanjini futhi iyazulazula, imvamisa indiza kude kakhulu nendawo ye-taiga.
Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ibhere iyisilwane esiyingozi kunazo zonke e-taiga, kepha akunjalo. Okuyingozi kakhulu yi-moose. Okungukuthi, induna yeduna ngesikhathi sokuzala (“isikhathi sokuzalela”). Ngalesi sikhathi, owesilisa udakiwe ngama-hormone ocansi abesilisa awanele ekuziphatheni kwakhe futhi ubona noma iyiphi into ephilayo njengomncintiswano. I-elk enakekela insikazi ayinendaba nothile onakekela isithandwa sayo - kahle, kuyaqondakala (ubani ofuna lokho). Futhi ngenxa yalokho ulaka lwakhe lukhulu kakhulu. Uhlasela nje ekuhambeni, ngokungakhethi. Ishaye ngaphambili kwalowo ozoqhudelana naye, futhi uma kungukuthi le ndoda, khona-ke ayinawo amathuba. Ukushaywa yilesi sikhulu (kusuka ku-300 kuye ku-650 kg) kunamandla kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukuhlangana ne-moose ngesikhathi sokuzala kuyingozi enkulu. Isikhathi sokuzala sihlala ekwindla, Septhemba-Okthoba.
Okukhanga kakhulu kwabesifazane ngabesilisa abanezimpondo ezinkulu kakhulu. Uthi: ngoba owesilisa onjalo ubonakala enamandla? Kubi. Owesifazane ucabanga ukuthi uma owesilisa enezimpondo ezinkulu kangaka, kusho ukuthi wayekwazi ukuzitholela ukudla okungaka, ukuncintisana kakhulu namanye ama-moose kulokhu kudla kangangokuba wakwazi ukuzikhulisela izimpondo ezinkulu. Ngakho-ke wenzalo yakhe yesikhathi esizayo, izokwazi ukuthola ukudla okuningi, inzalo iyoba yimiqemane futhi ibe namandla. Uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu, abantu besifazane kungenzeka ukuthi bakhethe indoda ecebe kakhulu kunobutyebi obuncane.
I-Moose idla kuphela izitshalo zokutshala, njengoba, noma kunjalo, izinkomo kanye neenyamakazi. I-moose ingeyomndeni wezinyamazane kanye ne-artiodactyl oda. I-Moose idla amagatsha ezihlahla, izihlahla, ama-mosses, ama-lichens, amakhowe adliwayo, amakhambi ahlukahlukene. Bathanda ukuhlala emahlathini axubile anotshani obukhulu, obunenqwaba yezithonjana nemisipha. Ngale ndlela, i-moose idla cishe amathani ayi-7 okuphakelayo ngonyaka. Futhi ebusika, udla okuncane, kepha konga amandla.
URam dalla
Ngo-1877, ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwakhe ogwini olusenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-United States, isazi sezilwane saseMelika uWilliam Hillie Dall (1845-1927) saqala ukubona futhi sachaza uhlobo olusha lwenqama, olwehlukaniswa uboya obumhlophe ngokweqhwa. Ngemuva konyaka, lesi silwane satholakala ngommeli wezilwane zasendle kanye nomlobi uJohn Muir eNtabeni enamakhanda amabili i-Alaska.
Ngemuva kwesikhashana, yabizwa ngokuthi inqama yeDall. Ibizwa futhi ngokuthi inqama ekhokhiswa umthwalo omncane futhi kwesinye isikhathi ithathwa njenge-subspecies yenqama ekhokhwayo.
Indawo yemvelo yezinqama zakwa-Dalla iyizindawo zezintaba endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-650 kuya kwangama-2500 ngaphezu kolwandle. Banesidingo esikhuliswe kakhulu sokuphila komphakathi. Abesifazane benza amaqembu nezinzalo zabo futhi bahle kakhulu kwamanye amaqembu afanayo. Phakathi kwabo, cishe akukaze kube nezingxabano lapho kuhlukaniswa amadlelo nokudla.
Abesilisa nabo bahlala emaqenjini futhi kuze kube isikhathi sokuqala kokukhwelana ngazo zonke izindlela bagweme noma yikuphi ukuxhumana nabantu besifazane. Isikhundla esiphakeme sibusa phakathi kwabesilisa. Amandla onke angawenqama enkulu nenamandla kunazo zonke enezimpondo ezinkulu kunazo zonke. Uma izimpondo zinosayizi ofanayo, khona-ke ukucaciswa kobuhlobo obuphakathi kwabaqokelwe isikhundla somholi kuba yinto engenakuvinjwa. Izinqama zehlisela amakhanda awo emhlabathini bese zishayisana nezimpondo kude le-10-12 m.
Ngenxa yama-skulls aqinile, ukulimala akuvamile kakhulu, futhi imincintiswano ngokwayo ingahlala amahora ambalwa ilandelana ngamakhefu amafushane.
Izinqama ze-Dalla zidla ehlobo kumakhambi ahlukahlukene asendle kanye namagatsha amahlahla, futhi ebusika aneliswa yi-moss nama-lichens atholwe ngaphansi kweqhwa.
Isibaya
Emahlathini asenyakatho, njengomthetho, kutholakala izinyamazane ezibomvu. E-taiga yasogwini, lesi sidalwa saseManchurian, emahlathini ase-Altai - ama-maral, eNyakatho Melika - wapiti. Inyamazane idla ukudla kwezitshalo. Ukudla kuhlukahlukene: amakhambi ahlukahlukene, amakhowe, amajikijolo. Idla izinaliti zikaphayini, fir, umsedari. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamaminerali emzimbeni, izalukazi zithanda ukukhotha umhlaba, ocebile ngosawoti, zisondele ngokuzithandela izingqimba zikasawoti ezilungiselelwe zona. Ebusika, izilwane ziphoqelelwa ukuba zidle cishe usuku lonke ukuze ziphinde zigcwalise amandla wazo. Ezimweni zasendle, inyamazane liphila ngesilinganiso esifinyelela eminyakeni engama-20, eneminyaka engama-5-6 ubudala lifinyelela ekukhulelweni. Izimpondo kwabesilisa abasebasha ziqala ukuvela ndawo ndawo ngonyaka.
Njengawo wonke ama-artiodactyls, izalukazi ezibomvu zigcinwa kabanzi ekudingisweni. Kubantu basenyakatho ekude, inyamazane ebomvu ukuphela komthombo wokuphila. Zonke izingxenye zalesi silwane ziyasetshenziswa. Inyama yenyamazane imnandi, ayiqukethe izibungu ngenxa yokuthi inyamazane azidli i-carrion nezinye izilwane. IVenison ihanjiswa emakethe yaseRussia kusukela kuYamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Ukukhula kwezimpondo kuhlala ngokwesilinganiso kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-12, bese izimpondo ziyaguga, isibalo sez amahlumela siyancipha, izimpondo ziba buthaka.
Izimpondo zezinyamazane ezincane (izibungu) zibaluleke kakhulu emithini yabantu. E-Altai marals ibilokhu izelwe ikakhulukazi izimpondo iminyaka eminingi. Abaphikisi banqunywa kusuka enyameni bukhoma, lapho bebona izimpondo baqala ukopha. Ukukhishwa kotshwala obunamanzi kwama-antlers asolwandle kusetshenziswa njengethoni, futhi kwenziwa amalungiselelo ngesisekelo sawo.
USomlomo
Ikholomu - inyamazane encane yemisuka yohlobo lwethambo kanye nethambo. Amakholomu kwesinye isikhathi aqhathaniswa nezimbumbulu. Futhi hhayi ngeze: ngezimpawu zabo zofuzo basondele kakhulu kuma-minks aseYurophu. Lesi yisilwane esincane: ubungako baso buba ngamasentimitha angama-30 kuphela (ukusuka ekhaleni kuya kwesisekelo somsila). Ikholomu inomsila omuhle kakhulu: ubude (ngaphezu kwengxenye yomzimba) futhi i-fluffy icishe ifane nembumbulu. Idla ikakhulu ngamagundane amancane, amaxoxo, kwesinye isikhathi adla ngokuqasha kanye nezinyoni. Ayideleli amakholamu nezinambuzane, amasele, inhlanzi. Izingela ikakhulu ebusuku noma kusihlwa. "Oncintisana" oyinhloko wekholamu yi-sable, evame ukuzama ukuxosha ikholomu ezindaweni ezikhethiwe.
I-Beaver ejwayelekile
I-beaver ejwayelekile, noma i-beaver yomfula, inkulu kunayo yonke yamagundane eZwe Elidala, isisindo sayo sifinyelela kuma-30 kg. Umzimba u-squat, ongaphezu kwe-1 m ubude, ama-35 cm ukuphakama, umsila ongafika ku-30 cm, unesimo se-oar. Abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa. Akunaboya emsileni, kepha esikhundleni salokho kukhona amabritishi nezikali ezinkulu. Amachaphaza amfushane anezintambo ezinhlanu, imilenze yasemuva ene-membranes. Izinzipho zikhulu, zigoqekile, futhi uzwane lwesibili lomlenze wangemuva enozipho olufakwayo luhlobo lokuhlangana lapho i-beaver ihlanganisa uboya bayo. Uhlanzekile impela.
Umzimba we-beaver uhlelelwe ukuntywila: Amehlo anezimpawu zokukhanya ezicwebezelayo, okuthi, lapho uhudula, uvale futhi uvikele amehlo ekulimaleni. Amakhala nezindlebe nazo zivaliwe ngokuqinile. Ezindebeni ze-beaver kunezindawo ezikhethekile eziphuma emanzini futhi ezingavumeli amanzi ukuba phakathi, kuthi amazinyo ama-2 aqhume. Ngala mazinyo angakwazi ukugedla ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Ama-Beavers anoboya obukhulu futhi obude be-chestnut, ngombala onsundu ngombala nge undercoat engaphansi emnyama engangeni manzi. Amaphayi nomsila omnyama. Uboya obuntofontofo kanye nengqimba yamafutha angama-subcutaneous agcina ukushisa ngisho nasemanzini abilayo. Ngaphansi kwamanzi kungahlala imizuzu eyi-10-15, bese ubhukuda ngalesi sikhathi kuze kufike ku-700 m.
Ama-Beaver ahlala emahlathini aqothulayo aseYurophu nase-Asia, emiseleni esembiwa osebeni lwemifula namahlathi amancanyana angabandi phansi ebusika. Uma ulwandle lumnene, futhi umgodi ungembiwe, kwakhiwa indlu ebunjiwe eyenziwe ngesigaxa sokhuni, izindonga zihlanganiswa ngosilika noma ngobumba.
Ama-Beavers ahlala emindenini noma eyedwa. Imindeni inabantu abadala aba-2 nabazalwa be-2 yinzalo edlule. Mate ngasekupheleni kobusika, nasekuqalekeni kwehlobo 2-4, kube khona ama-beavers aphezulu ayi-6, ambozwe ngoboya avele. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-2, izingane ezisanda kuzalwa sezivele zibhukuda, futhi emva kwezinsuku ezingama-20 zona ngokwazo zithola ukudla. Baqala ukuvuthwa ngokocansi beneminyaka emi-2, bese beshiya umgodi kababa nonina. Ama-Beavers aphila iminyaka eyi-10-17, futhi ekudingisweni - aze afike eminyakeni engama-35.
Muskrat
Ihlala ohlangothini olusogwini lwezidumbu zamanzi (imifula, amachibi, amachibi, ukubhukuda), ikhetha izindawo ezicebile ezitshalweni. Isilo siyacophelela, kepha sisebenza kakhulu, singatholakala nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku. Kepha kaningi kuyabonakala kusihlwa.
Ukudla okuyinhloko yizimila zasemanzini nezisemhlabeni (sedge, umhlanga, umhlanga, amahashi). Ungabamba isele, inhlanzi encane kanye nefry. Izilwane ziyakwazi ngokuphelele ukubhukuda nokuntywila, ngaphandle komoya ngaphansi kwamanzi kungahlala imizuzu eyi-18.
Umsila wesilwane usebenza njengomhlanga, imilenze yangemuva iyibhande emanzini. Emhlabeni, ayimbangi kangako. UMuskrat ungumakhi onamakhono wezimbobo namatende. Ama-huts akhuphuka emanzini aze afike kubude bemitha futhi abe nobume be-conical. Akhiwe kusuka ngeziqu zezitshalo zasemanzini, kanye nokungena “kumbhoshongo” ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Imisele imba emabhange aphezulu, afinyelela kumamitha ayi-10 ubude, amakamelo okudlela abekwe ngaphezu kwezinga lamanzi ezitezi ezimbili. E-labyrinths eyinkimbinkimbi kukhona ama-pantries, amakamelo emindeni okuphumula nokulala, ngisho nezindlu zangasese. Umnyango wokungena ezigodini uphansi kwamanzi.
I-muskrat inezitha eziningi, lezi izimpungushe, izingwe, iminki, ama-raccoon, amapikili nabanye abaningi. Ama-Muskrats asindiswa ezidlaleni ngokungena emanzini, noma acashe emgodini. Esimweni esingenathemba, bayazivikela besebenzisa izilenge ezibukhali namazinyo. Bahlala eqenjini lomndeni, i.e. abazali nezingane zabo. Umndeni ngamunye unensimu yawo, abesilisa bayimaka ngentshiseko, baxosha abangabazi.
Owesifazane ukhiqiza inzalo isuka kwizindawo ezimbili (zaseningizimu) kuya kwezintathu kuya kwezine (izindawo zasenyakatho) kanye ngonyaka. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha cishe inyanga, kuzalwe amawundlu angaboni futhi acishe abe nqunu, isisindo sengane eyodwa singama-20 amagremu. Kaningi kudoti owodwa kune-7 noma i-8.
Inyamazane yedlozi
Omunye omelele wama-artiodactyls angama-deer. UMusk deer uhlala e-Far Eastern taiga. Ithanda i-taif ye-coniferous emnyama, enamatshe obeki bamatshe, izihlalo zamatshe angaphandle. Ugijima kahle futhi ugxumela kahle kakhulu. Iyakwazi ukugoba, ngaphandle kokubambezela, ukuguqula indlela yohambo nge-90 °. Ibalekela umuntu omxoshayo, inyamazane edonsa izidumbu, efana ne-hare, idida amathrekhi. Idla ngezinaliti ze-fir, umsedari, ama-lichen, namakhambi ahlukahlukene. Ukudla kwempungushe yamakhowe kungumifino ngokuphelele. Ukubutha ukudla, inyamazane edonsa inyama ingagibela isiqu somthi esimile noma igxume kusuka egatsheni iye egatsheni kuya kubude obuyi-3-4 m. Musk deer inezitha eziningi zemvelo.EMpumalanga Ekude, isitha saso esikhulu yiKharza, edlala indawo yedlozi ngemindeni. Imvamisa i-lynx ilinda inyamazane idle, i-wolverine nokuxoshwa kwe-fox. Iminyaka yokuphila kwabo iminyaka emi-4 kuya kwemi-5 ngokwemvelo futhi ifinyelela ku-10 - 14 ekudingisweni.
Esiswini sedada lesinyamazane elise-musk kutholakala indlala yegundane enemisipha, egcwele imfihlo emnyama nenephunga elimnandi yombala onsundu. I-gland eyodwa yowesilisa osekhulile iqukethe u-10 - 20 g we-musk yemvelo - umkhiqizo wesilwane obiza kakhulu. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwe-musk kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu: ama-acid amaningi, i-wax, i-aromatic ne-steroid compounds, ama-cholesterol esters. Isithwali esikhulu sephunga le-musk yi-macrocyclic ketone ketone. Izakhi eziguqukayo zemiski ziphethe imininingwane ephathelene nobudala kanye nesimo sowesilisa futhi kungasheshisa i-estrus kwabesifazane.
I-Musk isetshenziswa kabanzi emithini yezokwelapha njengamanje. E-China, iyingxenye yemiyalo engaphezu kwem-200 yemithi. Ukuhlola okwenziwe eNdiya kukhombisa ukuthi i-musk inethonya elijwayelekile elivuselelayo enhliziyweni kanye nesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi, futhi iyasebenza njenge-anti-inflammatory. EYurophu, umusk njengomuthi awuphumeleli ngokukhethekile, kodwa lapha bathola olunye uhlelo: embonini yamakha njengesixazululo sephunga.
Isilima
Ihlukaniswe yaba yimikhakha emi-4. Okuvame kakhulu kujwayelekile. Abamele bayo bathanda ukuthambisa, baxazulule eduze namachibi e-taiga. I-shrew encane ihlala ehlathini. Endle ye-taiga kukhona okungajwayelekile okuphakathi nendawo nokuncane. Abamele okugcina kubude bangama-6-7 cm kuphela. Lokhu ubuncane bezilwane ezivikelekile eRussia.
Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obuncane, ama-carnivores izilwane ze-taiga ayikwazi ukwenza "imashi-ukuphonsa" ehlathini. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukufuna ukudla. Ama-Shrews awakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwawo amahora angaphezu kwangu-4. Iminyaka yesilwane ayidluli iminyaka emi-2.
Isihlanu sazo sineminyaka yobudala bokuzala. Ama-femu ama-femu angabambezela ukusebenza kancane ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle. Lokhu akuyithinti impilo yenzalo. Izingane zizalwa ziphilile ngosuku lwe-18 kanye nolwama-28 kusukela esikhathini sokukhulelwa.
Wolverine
Esesibili ngobukhulu emndenini we-marten. Ubude bomzimba wesilwane bungaphezu kwemitha. Ngaphandle, isilo siyisiphambano phakathi kwembambo enkulu kanye nenja ende. I-Wolverine ayigcini nje, kepha futhi ayigcinanga qhwa ebusika. Izinwele zibushelelezi kepha ziqinile ekuthinteni. Umbala wesilwane onsundu ngemivimbo ekhanyayo ezinhlangothini nasekhanda.
Igama laleso silo Latin, elihunyushwa ngokuthi "alwaneliseki." I-Wolverine idla ngokweqiniso yonke into, igxile ezilwaneni ezincane ezinjenge-hare. Ummeleli womndeni wakwaKunih ubamba inyamazane endaweni eseningizimu ye-taiga. Akuangeni phakathi nendawo futhi ikakhulukazi enyakatho ye-wolverine.
Roe deer
Isilwane i-Artiodactyl somndeni wezinyamazane. Izinhlobo ezimbili zenyathi zihlala emahlathini e-taiga: i-European, ethwebula isifunda se-taiga kuphela kancane, kanye ne-roe yaseSiberia. Indawo yokuhlala ikakhulukazi ixhomeke ekuphakameni nasikhathi okwenzeka ngalo ikhava leqhwa. Ukujula kweqhwa okubucayi kwesidwaba sezinyosi zaseSiberia kungamasentimitha angama-50. Izinyamazane zaseSiberia zigwema indawo lapho iqhwa lokuphakama likhona izinsuku ezingama-230-240 ngonyaka. I-Roe deer ingena kwi-taiga kuphela uma kunokuqina okukuwo, futhi ikakhulukazi ihlala emahlathini ahlanganisiwe.
Incamela njengoba ifolishi libeka izindawo zehlathi elinezinhlamvu ezingatheni ezinezihlahla ezicebile ezingaphansi ezungezwe yimigodi namasimu, noma (ehlobo) izimbali ezinkulu zotshani ezikhula ngamahlahla. Sitholakala emalimbolekweni omhlanga, emahlathini angenamvula, ezindaweni ezigcwele kakhulu nezindawo ezishisiwe, ezigodini nasezindaweni ezigcwele kakhulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa neSiberia, inyamazane yaseYurophu eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-roe deed is sedentary futhi ayenzi ukufuduka okukhulu kwesizini. Idla ekudleni kwezitshalo okunotha kumsoco namanzi. Amahlumela amasha (aphansi ku-fiber) akhethwa kakhulu. Izingxenye ezomile nezinamahlathi kakhulu zezitshalo, okusanhlamvu kanye ne-sedges, izitshalo eziqukethe izinto ezinobuthi (i-saponin, i-alkaloid, ama-phenols nama-glucosides) ngokuvamile azidli noma zingadli ngokungathandeki.
Ukuze unxephezele ukushoda kwamaminerali, ama-roe deer avakashela imashi kasawoti noma aphuze amanzi emithonjeni ecebile ngosawoti wamaminerali.
Ama-boar asendle
Ngokuvamile izingulube zasendle zihlala ezindaweni ezifudumele futhi zitholakala ezindaweni eziphansi nasendaweni ezishisayo. Kodwa futhi angabizwa ngokuthi omele umhlaba wezilwane we-taiga. I-Boar yasendle ingukhokho wezingulube zethu ezifuywayo, kepha iyisilo esinamandla, esinamandla futhi esinolaka kakhulu. Umhlangano ne-boar yasendle e-taiga kungadla umuntu impilo ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Ikhula ibe ngosayizi okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili, ubude bomzimba kwabanye abantu, uma kungamanga, ngamamitha amane. Ku-Intanethi kunezithombe ezithungelwe zabazingeli abanezinkukhu ezinkulu. Kepha ngokwesilinganiso, i-boar yasendle inesisindo esingu-175-200 kg, ubude bomzimba 1.5 - 2 metres.
Ama-boar asendle ahlekisayo. Futhi ungabona ngokuphephile ukuthi lo mfowethu uthanda ukudla ngokuphelele. Idla kakhulu ekudleni kwezitshalo, kepha yidla izinduku ezincane ezahlukahlukene kanye ne-carrion. Izinkukhu zasendle zithanda indawo ecebile ngezigxobo ezahlukahlukene. Zithanda ukuzulazula kulezi zindunduma, zihlangana nodaka (izingulube). Isilwane esinamandla kodwa, sigijima ngokushesha, sibhukuda kahle. Ukuzwa nokuhogela kukhule kahle; ukubuka kumbi. Izinkukhu zasendle ziyaqaphela, kepha hhayi ubugwala: azicasukanga, zilimele, noma zivikela amawundlu, zinesibindi kakhulu futhi ziyingozi ngenxa yamandla wazo namafishi amakhulu. Futhi bangavakashela amasimu amazambane, ama-turnips, okusanhlamvu, okudala ukulimala kwezolimo, ikakhulukazi ngokubhidliza kanye nokunyathela izilimo. Zivame ukonakalisa izihlahla ezincane. Kuyaqabukela, izingulube zasendle zihlasele izilwane ezinkulu, ezigulayo noma ezilimele, ngokwesibonelo, inyamazane engamakhaza, inyamazane edonsa, ngisho inyamazane, ziyabulala futhi zizidle.
I-squirrel ezindizayo
Ama-squirrel ezindizayo angamalungu omndeni we-squirrel, iqembu elingaphansi kwamagundane. I-squirrel ejwayelekile ezindizayo ihlala emahlathini aseRussia. Kungokwalowo squirrels we-genus Asia (i-Eurasian) ezindizayo, okuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili - okuyi-squirrel ejwayelekile ne-Japanese (encane) squirrel. I-squirrel ejwayelekile ezindizayo ibizwa nge- "squirrel flying". Isakhiwo esingajwayelekile somzimba sivumela isilwane ukuthi singagcini nje sisuka kwesinye isihlahla siye kwesinye, kodwa futhi senze ukunyakaza okuyinkimbinkimbi: ukuhlela, ukwenza imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi kanye ne-aerobatics emoyeni, kwesinye isikhathi sifike endaweni efanayo lapho isiqalo senzeka khona.
I-squirrel endizayo ibukeka njenge squirrel, kepha inomzimba omncane nomsila. Ubude besilwane buvela ku-12 kuye ku-23 cm, isisindo - cishe u-170 g. Ekhanda eliyindilinga eliyizindlebe ezimfishane ngaphandle kwezinqe namehlo amakhulu amnyama okukhanya. Uboya obukhulu obuthuntu obuphezu komzimba buba mpunga ngesiliva, imvamisa ine-brown tinge, emhlophe ngombala ophuzi esiswini. Into esemqoka ehlukanisa i-squirrel ezindizayo ku-squirrel ubukhona be-membrane yesikhumba etholakala phakathi kwendlu naphambili, okusebenza ukuhlela ngesikhathi sendiza. Ngesikhathi sokugxuma, lapho squirrel ihlukanisa paws yayo, lolu membrane welula, ukungezwani kwalo kanye isikhundla sezidladla zangaphambili kusetha indlela yokundiza. Umsila usetshenziselwa ukuqina endizeni futhi usebenze njengokuqhekeka lapho usuwela esihlahleni.
Indawo yama-squirrels ezindizayo axutshwe namahlathi aqinile, okuvame kakhulu ukuba ngama-coniffort. Kakhulu baphila impilo yobusuku nobusuku. Ama-squirrels ezindizayo asebenza unyaka wonke, kuphela ngezinsuku eziqandayo aqandusela esidlekeni, edla ezitokisini ezilungiselelwe ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi esizayo. Iningi lezimpilo zabo bachitha ezihlahleni, kuyaqabukela shona phansi emhlabathini. Izindlovu zakhiwa ngemigodi eyenziwe ngomumo eyenziwe yashiywe kuma-Woodpeckers, emantungwini nakuma-squirrel. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi ama-squirrel ezindizayo ahlale ezindlini zezinyoni. Izindlebe zimbozwe umdumba, utshani obomile, isinaphi. Ama-squirrels ezindizayo awona anolaka, imvamisa abantu ababili bangahlala esidlekeni esisodwa. Ngenkathi bevukile, bafuna ukudla. Ama-squirrels endizayo adla ekudleni kwezitshalo - imbewu, ama-buds, amathiphu wokudubula, amajikijolo, amakhowe. Ama-Catkin we-birch kanye ne-alder ayazithanda ikakhulukazi, ezigoqwe ngokuqonda emgodini, zenze ukubekelwa ebusika. Kanye ngonyaka, insikazi inamawundlu ama-2 angahamba-ze futhi angaboni asele ngosuku lwama-50 akwazi ukuhlela nokuzimela. Izitha ziyizikhova ezinkulu, zibulawa ngenxa yesibindi, ziyabanjiswa. Isikhathi sokuphila esiseduze kweminyaka emi-5, ezithunjweni izilwane ziphila kabili ubude.
Impisi iyisilwane esithandwa kunazo zonke se-taiga kubantu abaningi. Abantu abaningi bathanda ukubeka izithombe ze-wolf kuma-avatas abo futhi bamane bahlobanise izimpisi nokuthile okuhle, banikeze izimpisi ubukhosi ngisho namandla omlingo. Kepha empeleni, izimpisi azikaze zibe mhlophe futhi zibushelelezi njengoba abantu abaningi bebabona. Futhi izimpisi ezizodwa zimane nje azikho, zivamile kakhulu e-taiga. Izimpisi yizilwane eziphethe iphakethe, ziqoqana ngamaphakethe futhi ziqoqwe izinkulungwane eziningi zeminyaka. Emhlambini wezimpisi, kulula kakhulu ukusinda, ukuthola ukudla endaweni ebandayo ye-taiga, kunokuhlala wedwa. Izimpisi eziyizodwa, noma kunalokho, imindeni yezimpisi, zitholakala ezindaweni lapho kunenala yokudla, futhi akusadingeki kuqoqwe emhlambini. Kepha imvamisa impisi ihlala ephaketheni. Futhi akukho bukhosi lapha. Umhlambi ngumphakathi wobumbano ohlelekile onobuphathi bawo. Kukhona umholi okuthi bonke abanye abantu bamthobele, kunezimpisi eziphakathi nendawo eziphansi - ezixoshwa. Ukuxoshwa okunjalo akudonswa kude, kepha kuphathwa kabi kakhulu, kepha-ke, kulula kakhulu ukuthi umuntu osuka ngaphandle aphile ephaketheni, kunokuba abe yedwa.
Kuyiqiniso, izimpisi zibukeka kahle kakhulu ngenxa yejazi elihle, kepha akukho bukhosi kuzo. Bahlasela inyamazane kuphela emhlambini, ngakho-ke impisi eyodwa ayingozi. Izimpisi ziyingozi kakhulu ebusika, ikakhulukazi ebusika zihlasela abantu noma imfuyo emadolobhaneni. Okubi kakhulu izimpisi ezimnyama.
I-chipmunk yaseSiberia
AmaChipmunks ahlala e-taiga nasemahlathini aqatha. Umuthi owuthandayo yizigaxa zemisedari. IChipmunk iveza iziqu ezingenalutho nezimbobo ezingenalutho, iminko engajulile ngaphansi kwezimpande zezihlahla. Futhi yeka ukuthi kubanda kanjani, kukhinyabeza izinyanga eziyisikhombisa ezinde! Entwasahlobo, lesi silwane sikhamba sikhamba siye elangeni elikhanyayo. Okwamanje, izinsiza zakhe ziwusizo kakhulu! Lapho kufudumala ngokuphelele, insikazi iletha kuma-chipmunks amane kuya kwayisithupha! Zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ngenyanga zishiya ikhaya labazali bazo unomphela.
I-Lynx ingummeleli ojwayelekile taiga izilwane ezidla inyama. Iqhathaniswa ngosayizi nenja enkulu: lapho ibuna ayidluli ku-70 cm, isisindo esijwayelekile singama-18-25 kg.
Umbono uhlukaniswa ngamakhekhe amade ezindlebeni kanye "nezimpempe", kumane nje kungenzeki ukukudidanisa nabanye. Uboya obukhulu futhi bufudumele phakathi kwawo wonke amakati, kepha uma kungenjalo, izilwane ze-taiga kumele ivumelane nezimoziqhwa zokuqhekeka.
Njengawo wonke amakati, ungumzingeli omangalisayo. I-Lynx ayikaze ihlasele inyamazane yayo kusuka phezulu, futhi isikhathi eside ihlala lapho ilindile futhi ilinde umzuzwana ofanele.
Ngemigqa ebukhali eqhubeka isikhathi eside, ifica isisulu bese igaya entanyeni. Isilwane esilimele futhi esidabukisayo singadonsela umzingeli isikhathi eside ngokwanele, kodwa i-lynx ngeke ibuyele emuva, yazi ukuthi amandla esitha sayo ayaphela.
Okokuqala iLynx izingela ama-hares, ibuye i-grouse, i-partridge, i-roe deer, inyamazane, izingulube zasendle ezincane kanye ne-moose ithola ukunakwa kwayo. Kwenzeka ukuthi ngokuntuleka kokudla, kuhlasela izinja namakati.
Le kati enkulu ayithokozi ngokubukeka kwayo kuphela, kodwa nokuziphatha kwayo. Ngokuqinile ayizibekezeleli izimpungushe ezivame ukweba impango yayo. Isijeziso salokhu sinye - i-lynx ibulala amasela, kepha ayidli, kepha ishiya abanye njengesixwayiso.
Fox
Isilwane esikhohlisayo kunazo zonke ze-taiga yisimpungushe. Akusizi ngalutho phakathi kwabantu, ngisho nesisho esinjalo salungiswa - "ubuqili obunjengempungushe". Kuyaqondakala: ukuze isilo sasendle esinombala okhanyayo kangako sizitholele ukudla, kubalulekile nje ukuba nobuqili futhi uvuthwe. Impungushe inezindlebe ezikhule kahle, ngosizo lwezindlebe zayo zizwa ukuthi inyamazane yayo ibicashe endaweni ethile eduzane. Ebusika, impungushe iyezwa amagundane atshona ngaphansi kweqhwa. Ukugqwayiza kanye nokungabaza okuncane kuthatha izindlebe zakhe ezinhle kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwesendlalelo seqhwa esinamasentimitha amaningi, impungushe ilandelela inyamazane yayo, iphonse kuyo - bese ibamba intonga ethandwayo. Ngakho-ke, impungushe ithanda ukuhlala ngaphezulu ezindaweni ezivulekile, amathafa, izigodi kunamahlathi. Kokubili ehlobo nasehlobo, endaweni evulekile, impungushe kulula kakhulu ukuyithola kunokudla emahlathini aminyene. Njengomthetho, izimpungushe zihlala phansi, azithutheleli ndawo. Kungani ungayi ndawo uma kukhona amagundane anele yonke indawo!
Impungushe iyisilwane esinyantisayo, incamela ukuhlala ezinjeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimbobo ziyazimba, noma zisebenzisa abantu abangabazi. Ngaphambi kokulala, ubheke ngokucophelela konke okusendaweni, bese ulala phansi ulalele izindophi ezahlukahlukene. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuphakelwa okukhulu kwezimpungushe ngamagundane, impungushe idlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni inani lamagundane. Ama-rodents ayingozi lapho kudliwa okusanhlamvu. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi isibalo sezimpungushe ngokwazo sikhula sibe ngosayizi omkhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho izimpungushe ziqala ukuza emadolobhaneni aseduze, emadolobheni. Ukuze ujabule emakotweni kadoti, gibela kumasayithi. Bathanda ukusondela ezindaweni zamakamu wabavakashi.
Gogo
I-Hazel grouse iyinyoni evela kuhlobo lwe-grouse, i-grouse emnyama ngokweqile, umndeni we-pheasant oda wenkukhu-efana. Uhlobo olunabile oluhlala cishe kuyo yonke indawo ehlathini nasendaweni ye-taiga ye-Eurasia, ukusuka eNtshonalanga Yurophu kuye eKorea. UGrouse ungummeleli omncane kakhulu we-grouse. Isisindo sabantu abakhulu kunakho konke singaphezu kwama-500 amagremu. Ehlathini, kunzima ukuyixuba nezinye izinyoni ze-grouse, kusuka lapho ezingafani ngosayizi omncane, kodwa nangombala obonakalayo. Naphezu kweplamu elimibalabala, elithi "pockmarked" elimibalabala (kusuka lapho inyoni yathola khona igama lesiRussia), noma kukude, i-hazel grouse ibukeka njenge-monophonic, grey-red. I-dimorphism yezocansi ku-hazel grouse ayivelwanga kangako kunakwamanye ama-grouse - kunzima kakhulu ukuhlukanisa phakathi kowesilisa nowesifazane ngokwemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokungafani nezinye i-grouse, i-hazel grouse iyinyoni enkudlwana.
Indlela yokuphila ye-hazel grouse ifundwe ngokuphelele. Le yinyoni ehleliwe, ayenzi ukuhamba amabanga amade. I-Hazel grouse, njengawo wonke ama-grouse, i-herbivorous ikakhulukazi, uma ehlobo lokudla kwezilwane ehlobo kuhlala indawo ebalulekile ekudleni kwayo, amaphuphu adla ikakhulukazi izinambuzane. Ebusika, i-hazel grouse iyaphoqelelwa ukuthi yaneliswe ngokudla okuhlanganisiwe nokudla okunempilo okunezitshalo eziphansi. Lapho kukhona isembozo seqhwa, imbobo yama hazel ibeka eqhweni ebusika, ichithe ubusuku namahora abanda kakhulu ngosuku kuwo. Inikeza nokuvikelwa okuthile kubazingeli, lapho i-hazel grouse ihlupheka kakhulu ebusika nasehlobo.
Naphezu kokuncipha kwenani labantu emhlabeni kanye nokwehla ngezikhathi ezithile kwenani labantu ngamunye, i-hazel grouse isaningi futhi ayinasengozini yokuqothulwa. Iningi labantu emhlabeni abaginqile, ababalelwa ezigidini ezingama-40, liwela eRussia. Ngokuvamile okubhalwe phansi okuyi-11 kwe-hazel grouse kuyahlukaniswa, okuhluka kancane kunokwegama.
Ibheji
Imbila iyisilwane se-taiga eseningizimu, asikho emahlathini asenyakatho. Kunamathela ezindaweni ezomile, kepha eduze namachibi, ezindaweni eziphansi, lapho ukutholakala kokudla kucebile. Imbila ihlala emiseleni ejulile ebila emithambekeni yamagquma anesihlabathi, izigodi zamahlathi nezigodi. Izilwane ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane zinamathela ezindaweni eziyithandayo. Njengoba kukhonjiswe izifundo ezikhethekile ze-geochronological, amanye amadolobha amabi aneminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa ubudala. Abantu abangashadile basebenzisa imisele elula, enomnyango owodwa negumbi lokudlela. Izinqaba ezindala zamabibi zibonisa isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele sombhalo ongaphansi komhlaba onamamitha amaningana (afika ku-40-50) nokuvuleka komoya kanye nemigudu emide (5- 10 m) okuholela kumagumbi okudlela ebanzi angama-2-3 afakwe udoti owomile obude bokufika kumamitha ayi-5 .
Umsebenzi weBadger wenzeka ebusuku. Unamandla amakhulu, kepha ukhetha ukudla kwezitshalo. Umubi akakabi nolaka kubazingeli nakubantu, ukhetha ukuhamba asuke ayophephela emgodini noma kwenye indawo, kepha uma ethukuthela, ushaya ikhala lakhe alume lowonile, bese ebaleka.Idla izinduku ezifana negundane, amasele, izibankwa, izinyoni namaqanda awo, izinambuzane nezibungu zawo, ama-mollusks, izilwanyane zomhlaba, amakhowe, amajikijolo, amantongomane notshani. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, ibheji kufanele lizungeze izindawo ezinkulu, ligudle izihlahla eziwile, lidabula amagxolo ezihlahla neziqu lapho lifuna izibungu nezinambuzane. Kodwa-ke, udla kuphela ama-0,5 kg wokudla ngosuku, futhi kuphela ngokuwa udla okuningi futhi ondle amanoni, okusebenza njengomthombo wakhe wokudla okunempilo ngesikhathi sokulala ebusika.
UMarten
Umfelokazi ungummeleli womndeni omkhulu we-marten. Yisidlakela esidla ubhedu futhi esinesibindi, esikwazi ukunqoba kalula izithiyo ezahlukahlukene, sikhuphuka esihlahleni sehlathi elingaphezulu futhi sigibela iziqu zemithi siphishekela inyamazane. Ummbila wesilwane ungowezilwane ezibalulekile ezinomusa futhi unobuhle obuhle obuvela kusifuba obumnyama kuya kofishi obomvana..
Umthethosisekelo we-marten uthinta ngqo imikhuba yakhe: lesi silwane singakwazi ukuzungeza ngokweqa noma nge-spasmodically kuphela (ngesikhathi sokugijima). Umzimba oguqukayo we-marten usebenza njengesiphethu esinamandla, okwenza isilwane esibalekayo sikhanyise okwesikhashana ezikhaleni zama-conifers we-conifers. Umfel 'ukholo ukhetha ukuhlala emahlathini aphakathi naphezulu ehlathi. Ngobuhlakani ugibela izihlahla, ehlikihla ngisho nemifino eqondile emvumela ukuba enze izilenge ezibukhali.
I-pine marten ihola indlela yokuphila yansuku zonke, ukuzingela emhlabathini nokuchitha isikhathi esiningi ezihlahleni. Umkhongi uhlela izindlu ezihlahleni zezihlahla kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-16 ukuphakama noma ngqo kumqhele wazo. Umfel 'ukholo akagcini nje ngokugwema umuntu ongumuntu, kepha uqoka kuwo. Uhola impilo ehleliwe, ngaphandle kokushintsha indawo yakhe ayithandayo, ngisho nokushoda kokudla. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi, ingazulazula ngamaprotheni enza ngezikhathi ezithile ukufuduka kobude obude.
Ngayo yonke indlela yakhe yokuphila, umfene uxhunyiwe ehlathini. Kutholakala emahlathini amaningi amahlathi lapho kukhula khona izihlahla ezihlukile, kepha-ke, zithanda ihlathi lama-spruce nama-pine kanye nezitshalo ezingama-coniffort ezisondele kuzo. Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, kuyi-spruce-fir, eningizimu - ese-spruce-deciduous, esifundeni saseCaucasus - amahlathi fir-beech.
Altai imvukuzane
Indawo yemvukuzane ye-Altai ithatha indawo enkulu yeSiberia eseNtshonalanga naseCentral. Umngcele waso osentshonalanga usuka eSemipalatinsk uye eBarnaul, eNovosibirsk, lapho uphendukela khona eNtshonalanga futhi mhlawumbe udlule kancane enyakatho yeBarabinsk.
Uboya bemvukuzane yaseSiberia bude futhi buqandekile. Umbala woboya uhluka kakhulu kusuka kokukhanya okukhanyayo okumpunga kuya komnyama nge-chocolate brown noma: ama-brownish shades of saturations ahlukahlukene. Uboya obungagundwanga buboniswa yi-sheen echazwe kahle ye-silky. Uhlangothi lwe-ventral luvame kakhulu noma lungaphansi kwe-opaque. Umuthi ophuzi ophuzi ophuzi uvame ukuthuthukiswa umphimbo nasesifubeni. Njengamanye ama-moles, ama-albino agcwele noma ayengxenye atholakala ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ngokubukeka, ngamagama ajwayelekile, ifana nemvukuzane yaseYurophu, ehlukile, nokho, ekukhuleni okukhulu kakhulu, umsipha omfushane, othize othize kanye nomsila omfushane. Amehlo ayabonakala ngaphandle futhi ahlome ngamajwabu amehlo ashukumisayo. Isigaxa sikhulu, ubude baso be-warts-basal bungama-37.1 - 41.0 mm. Kubukeka ngandlela-thile, kukhuphuka kakhulu, kuxutshwe esifundeni sezinzwa futhi kuthambile ebhokisini lobuchopho.
Kuyathunyelwa
I-Sable iyisilwane esixakile futhi esiqinile esinoboya obalulekile, omele umndeni wama-marten. Lesi sidalwa esijwayelekile siyisakhamuzi esijwayelekile sentaba nethafa elingaphansi. Kuholela ekuhambeni kokuhlala wedwa endaweni ekhethiwe, uma kungenzeka ingozi, ingahambela kwezinye izindawo. Isihlobo esiseduze kakhulu se-sable yi-pine marten.
Umbala wezikhumba zesikhumba uguquguqukayo futhi uncike esikhathini esithile sonyaka. Ebusika, uboya bukhanya kancane, ehlobo - amathunzi ambalwa amnyama. Umbala uyahlukahluka kusuka kokusinsundu okukhanyayo kuya ocishe ube mnyama, esifubeni sezilwane kunendawo encane ephuzi. Umbala onsundu uba mnyama emilenzeni yesable. Ebusika, uboya buhlanganisa amaphakethe we-paw ngisho namazipho wesilo. Uboya besilwane buthambile, bukhulu futhi bufudumele, futhi ngenxa yalokho bubaluleke obuthile.
Izindawo ezivamile zezinsika yi-taiga ye-Eurasia. Lezi zilwane zisatshalaliswa ukusuka eziNtabeni zase-Ural ziye ogwini lwePacific. Ingxenye eyinhloko yendawo lapho amasabatha ahlala khona ingeyaseRussia. Futhi, izilwane ezinaboya obalulekile zingatholakala eNyakatho yeChina naseMongolia, esiqhingini saseJapan iHokkaido, eNorth Korea.
Ama-preredators ahlela indawo yokukhosela emifantwini yamatshe nasemigodini yezihlahla ezindala eziwile, asebenzise izikhala ngaphansi kwezimpande. Ngaphakathi kwendlu, imishayo ifakwe amaqabunga owomile noma utshani, indlu yangasese ifakwe ngokwahlukana negumbi eliyindawo yokwakha isidleke, kodwa isondele ngokwanele emgodini.
AmaSabatha angabazingeli abanobudlova futhi abaqinile ngobukhulu bawo. Bahola indlela yokuphila esekwe ezweni, bakhuthele kakhulu kusihlwa nasekuseni, kepha bayakwazi ukuzingela nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku. Njengoba amasaka esebenza ikakhulu ebusuku, alala emini. Bancamela ukuhambisa izilwane ngoboya obalulekile emhlabathini, emanzini noma ezihlahleni kuphela uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi.
Ekufuneni ukudla kosuku, i-sable ihamba cishe amakhilomitha angama-3-4. Ebusika, leli banga lingakhuphuka lifinyelele kumakhilomitha ayi-10, lapho isilwane siphoqelelwa ukuba siphile impilo yokungazethembi lapho sifuna ukudla. Eminyakeni ebusayo, ngisho nasehlobo, imishanguzo iphoqelelwa ukuba iqhube amakhilomitha ayi-10 kuye kwangama-20 ukuthola ukudla okuyikho.
Izimpondo zokhozi
Ngaphansi komthetho wase-US, noma ngubani onesifo okungenani esisodwa noma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba wokhozi oludwetshwe ungaphansi kwenhlawulo enkulu. Kodwa-ke, lo mthetho awusebenzi kumaNdiya asebenzisa izimpaphe zokhozi njengemihlobiso.
Ukudla okuyinhloko kokhozi oluyimpuphu yinhlanzi kanye namakati. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uvame ukusebenzisa i-waterfowl.
Imvamisa, ukhozi luhlala eduze kwamanzi endaweni ephezulu, njengomuthi omude noma idwala, futhi lubheke inyamazane. Iyibona, inyoni indiza kalula phansi, ibambe inhlanzi ngezinzipho zayo ezibukhali bese ibuyela ogwini, lapho iqeda khona ukudla ithule.
Uma ukhozi olunempandla lunamachwane, lubamba inyamazane esidlekeni. Imvamisa, impi yokulwa nezinhlanzi ifiswa kangangokuba umzuzwana ukhozi luphezu kwamanzi ngokuphelele. Ukugcina amandla, inyoni ivame ukwaneliswa inhlanzi efile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukhozi oluyimpandla luthatha inyamazane kwezinye, izinyoni ezincane. Kungaleso sizathu uBenjamin Franklin ephikisana nombono wokuthi le nyoni kufanele ibe ngumuntu okhetha isithombe esingumfanekiso we-United States of America, ngoba ukhozi luphila ngokungathembeki - imvamisa akakutholi ukudla ngokusebenza kwakhe, kepha uyakuthatha kwezinye izinyoni ezibuthakathaka. Ngokumangazayo, kubonakala sengathi iMelika idlula uphawu lwayo!
Ngekhulu le-XVIII, lapho ukhozi oluphakathi lube uphawu lwe-United States, kwakukhona cishe izinkulungwane ezingama-75 zalezi zinyoni. Kepha ngasekupheleni kuka-1940 babembalwa kakhulu kangangokuba kwathathelwa umthetho wokuthi kuvikelwe ukhozi lolu. Lezi zinto ezilandelayo ziholele ekunciphiseni kwenhlekelele inani lezinkozi eziyimpandla: ukungcoliswa kwemithombo yamanzi, ukucekelwa phansi kwezinkozi ngabalimi nabazingeli, ngoba le nyoni yayihlala ihlasela imfuyo, nokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ze-DDT, eziqoqana emzimbeni wezinyoni futhi kuholele ekuthini zingabekezeleli.
I-Orlan imvamisa ihlala ogwini, amaxhaphozi, ngasogwini lwemifula namachibi, lapho ungadoba khona, okuwukudla kwayo okuyinhloko. Izinkozi eziningi zitholakala emahlathini ephayini waseFlorida nasezindongeni eziningi zalesi sifunda. Indawo lapho kutholakala khona ukhozi oluningi yi-Alaska. Abantu abahlala bodwa bayatholakala unyaka wonke ezindaweni eziningi zaseNyakatho Melika. Imvamisa lezi yizinyoni ezincane ezihamba izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha lapho zifuna ukudla.
I-Woodpecpecker emnyama
I-Woodpecker eluhlaza noma emnyama - omunye wabamele abakhulu bomndeni wama-Woodpeckers. I-Woodpecpecker emnyama ihlala kulo lonke elaseYurophu ngaphandle kweningizimu eyedlulele. E-Asia, kwasatshalaliswa eCaucasus, eSiberia kuya eKamchatka, eSakhalin, ePeninsula yaseKorea naseNyakatho Japan. Ukuze uthole indawo yokuhlala, ukhetha i-high-trunk deciduous, uphayini, i-spruce kanye namahlathi emisedari, avame ukutholakala ekushisweni.
UZhelna ubhekisele kwizinyoni ezinkulu, ubude bawo bomzimba bufika ku-50 cm, isisindo esingama-gramu ayi-300. Amaphiko ayindilinga, ikhanda likhulu, intamo emincane. I-Woodpecker emnyama inomlomo omkhulu wobuhlalu obunjiwe, cishe ongama-55-65 mm ubude, umbala woqhwaku ungwephuzi ophuzi. Le nyoni inombala omnyama namalahle, umhlane unesikhala. Owesilisa une-cap ebomvu ekhanda lakhe eyenziwe ngezimpaphe, ezitholakala ebunzini, i-nape kanye nomqhele ekhanda, okumenza ahluke kowesifazane omnyama ngokuphelele.
Isisekelo sokudla okuphuzi izinambuzane nezibungu zazo. Ukulungiselela ukudla amabhungane, izinkuni, amabhungane, igolide. Idla nezintuthwane, amacimbi kanye nezibungu zemisila ye-horntail. I-Woodpecker emnyama idla izibungu ezingama-300 kuye kwezingama-650 zohlobo lwe-birch ngosuku. Ebusika, idla nembewu enobunzima, kodwa ngamanani amancane.
I-Woodpecpecker emnyama ihola indlela yokuphila enesizungu, ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalela, eqala ekuqaleni kukaMashi. Abesilisa baheha ukunakwa kwabesifazane ngokuthepha izihlahla ngokukhala phezulu. Ukukhala okuphuzi kuzwakala njengokuthi "mahhala-mahhala", kungazwakala kukude. Kwesinye isikhathi izinyoni zikhipha ukukhala kokwenza lusizi okubuhlungu - "keee".
Ngemuva kokuphola, lezi zinyoni zihlala ndawonye ezindaweni ezikude zehlathi futhi zikhiphe imigodi yazo ukwakha isidleke. Imvamisa bafuna ukuzinza esidlekeni esisodwa iminyaka eminingana. Kepha uma isidleke sihlala ezinye izinyoni (izikhova kanye nama-climweches zivame ukuhlala emgodini we-Woodpecker omnyama) noma uma kukhona izihlahla eziningi zamahhala ehlathini, khona-ke lo mbhangqwana ukhipha umgodi omusha.
Izinyamazane ezimhlophe ezinomsila
Inyamazane enomsila omhlophe iyingxenye yohlobo lwenyamazane yomndeni wezinyamazane. Yakha uhlobo oluhlala endaweni eseNyakatho, Ephakathi naseNingizimu Melika. Isibalo esikhulu sezilwane sigxile eningizimu yeCanada, e-USA naseMexico. ENingizimu Melika, abameleli balezi zinhlobo bahlala kuphela engxenyeni esenyakatho yezwe. Indawo yokuhlala yehlukene kakhulu: amahlathi, izitebhisi, izindawo eziwugwadule, kanye namaxhaphozi. Le artiodactyl ivumelana nxazonke nezimo zasendaweni. Maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, abamele izinhlobo zalethwa eScandinavia, lapho bajwayela khona ngokushesha. Sekukonke, emhlabeni namuhla kukhona cishe izigidi eziyishumi nane zalezi zilwane ezingathembekile.
Amasayizi ahlukile futhi ancike ezifundeni zezindawo zokuhlala. Enyakatho, ezikhudlwana izilwane. Abamele izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezihlala eCanada nasenyakatho ye-USA zinesisindo esisuka ku-60 kuye ku-130 kg. Amanye amaduna anesisindo esingama-155 kg. Izinsikazi azinzima ngaphezu kwama-90 kg. Ngaseningizimu, inyamazane ziya zincipha. Isisindo sabo sisukela ku-35 kuye ku-50 kg. Isisindo esijwayelekile sabantu besilisa, kungakhathalekile ukuthi isifunda sinjani, singama-68 kg, kuthi kwabesifazane leli nani lingama-45 kg. Ukuphakama lapho kubuna kusuka ku-55 kuya ku-120 cm. Ubude bomzimba bungama-95-220 cm. Lokhu kufaka nomsila. Ubude bawo buyi-10-37 cm.
Isikhumba entwasahlobo nasehlobo sibomvu onsundu. Ekwindla nasebusika, grey-brown. Engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba, ijazi limnyama ngandlela thile kunelangaphansi. Umsila onsundu ngenhla futhi phansi umhlophe. Lapho isilwane sigijima, siphakamisa umsila waso phezulu. Ngezikhathi zengozi, lokhu kuwuphawu lwezihlobo. Abesilisa kuphela abanezimpondo. Baziphonsa ekugcineni kwenkathi yokuzalela. Kule ndawo, izindlela ezintsha ziqala ukukhula. Kulolo nalunye lwezimpondo kukhona izinqubo.
Abamele lezi zinhlobo baqaphele abantu. Lokhu akumangazi, ngoba umuntu wayehlala edubula lezi zilwane ngokungenacala, futhi, ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, anciphise inani labantu. Ngemuva kwalokho yanda kancane, kepha ayizange ifinyelele emashumini edlule ezigidi. Ngesikhathi sokugijima, inyamazane ingafinyelela ijubane elingama-75 km / h. Ubude bokugxuma esimweni esibi ngokweqile ngamamitha ayi-10, futhi ukuphakama kwabo kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-2,7.
Umsoco wenyamazane enomsila omhlophe uhlukile. Izilwane zidla amaqabunga, utshani, ama-buds, amajikijolo, ama-acorns, okusanhlamvu, izithelo. Izici zesisu zikuvumela ukuba udle amakhowe ne-ivy enobuthi. Ukudla kuya ngezinkathi zonyaka. Kwezinye izimo, la ma-artiodactyls angadla amagundane asensimini, amachwane nezinyoni.
Isikhova sentombi
Inyoni enkulu edla inyama, yomndeni wesikhova futhi isatshalaliswa ezindaweni zaseNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika, ibizwa nge-Virginian owl. Le nhlobo yaqala ukutholwa futhi yachazwa endaweni yaseVirginia, ngakhoke yathola igama elihambisanayo. Indawo yokuhlala ihlanganisa cishe yonke iNyakatho Melika ifinyelela ezifundeni ezisenyakatho.
Lezi zinyoni zihlala naseCentral America, enyakatho yeNingizimu Melika, e-Argentina, eBolivia nasePeru. Azikho e-Amazon naseningizimu Melika. Indawo yokuhlala yehlukile kakhulu. Lawa amaqabunga anqenqemayo, ahlanganayo, ahlanganisiwe, amahlathi ashisayo, ama-pampas, amadumo, ugwadule, izindawo zezintaba, ukubhukuda, i-subarctic tundra. Zitholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-3,3 ngenhla yolwandle. Ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokudlekwa, kukhethwa kuqala ezindaweni ezivulekile, nasendaweni enamahlathi phakathi nesikhathi sokuzala. Lolu hlobo luhlukaniswe ngama-subspecies ayi-10.
Emndenini, abamele izikhova abezinhlobo zesibili basebenza kuphela isikhova esisezingeni eliphakeme ngosayizi nosayizi. Umzimba ubunjwe emgqonyeni, ikhanda lawo likhulu, amaphiko alo abanzi. Amehlo makhulu futhi mncane kuphela kunamehlo omuntu. Bahleleke kahle ekuzingeleni ebusuku futhi banikezela ngombono we-binocular. Umbala we-cornea u-orange-ophuzi.
Ubude bomzimba bungu-43-65 cm, kanti amaphiko angama-91-153 cm, kanti izinsikazi zikhulu kunabesilisa ngokwesilinganiso ngamaphesenti ayi-15. Isisindo esijwayelekile sowesifazane yi-1,6 kg, kanti kwabesilisa inkomba ehambelana nayo ingu-1,2 kg. Umsila ufinyelela ku-17-25 cm ubude.Imilenze kanye nozipho zikhulu futhi zinamandla. Ubude obujwayelekile bemilenze ingamasentimitha angama-20. Izimbobo zezindlebe zifihlwe izimpaphe, kuyilapho indlebe yezimpaphe zesobunxele ikhudlwana kancane kunakwesokudla.
Weasel
I-Weasel - isilwane esinolaka kakhulu futhi esichitha igaziokwazi ukwenza ubugebengu obudlangile emizini yabantu. Kodwa-ke, okumangazayo kakhulu yikuthi lesi silwane singumbala, uma indawo lapho “imvelo” inikeze khona lezo zici, iyisidalwa esincane kakhulu futhi esihle - ubude bomzimba waso bufinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha ayi-16-16 kuphela.
I-Weasel inomzimba oguquguqukayo, onobuhle, omude, nomzimba omncane futhi ungummeleli omncane kakhulu we-oda labazingeli. Ngaphandle, i-weasel ifana kakhulu ne-ermine, ifana ngayo zombili nokwakheka komzimba nombala woboya. Umehluko phakathi kwabo ungusayizi omncane we-weasel nobunjalo bomsila wayo omfishane kunoka-ermine (kufika ku-9 cm ubude, ngaphandle kwebhulashi elimnyama). Esisekelweni saso kukhona izindlala ezikhethekile ezifaka imfihlo ngephunga elinyanyekayo le-pungent.
I-pet caress ifushane futhi ihlwitha. Umbala wayo uncike ngenkathi ethile yonyaka. Ebusika, i-weasel inombala omhlophe, kanti ehlobo iba nsundu ngaphandle kwama-paws, emsileni, ezinhlangothini, emuva nasengxenyeni ephezulu yekhanda - ingaphakathi lama-paws kuphela, isisu, isifuba, onqenqemeni lomlomo ophezulu nomphimbo zisemhlophe. Izinga lobukhulu bejazi loboya lihlala lifana - kokubili ehlobo nasebusika, umehluko kuphela wokuthi ngenkathi efudumele izinwele zifushane futhi zimfushane kunebusika. Kwezinye izindawo zaseningizimu, lesi silwane asishintshi umbala ngaso sonke isikhathi, sisala sinsundu kakhulu.
I-Weasel ikhuphuka ngokuphelele, igijime futhi ibhukude - ngakho-ke iyisilwane esidla ubhedu futhi esidelelayo. Okuhlukanisa imikhuba yakhe ukungabinaki, ukopha kwegazi ekuhlaselweni nasibindi, ngakho-ke uvame ukutholakala ebusuku ekhaya lomuntu, lapho angena khona emnothweni ngemigodi emincane nemifantu. I-Weasel iyasebenza ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zosuku, kepha imvamisa iyazingela ebusuku noma kusihlwa.
Ngokwesiko kuphila impilo yasemhlabeni. Ihamba ngokuphuma emfashinini. Ngokuphawula insimu, ukhetha ukunamathela kwezihlahlana nakweminye imembozo yemvelo noma eyenziwe ngobuciko. Uzama ukugwema isikhala esingavikelekile. Ngosuku lunye, i-weasel iyakwazi ukunqoba ikhilomitha elilodwa noma amabili. Ebusika, uhamba ezinyaweni zeqhwa.
Ngenxa yobude bawo obuncane, izinsimbi zivame ukufa lapho zichotshozwa yizilwane ezinkulu, kepha ngasikhathi sinye zivame ukuphatha amazinyo abaphikisi bazo. Ngesikhathi sokulwa, izinsimbi zesilisa zikhipha isikali esikhulu kakhulu.
Muskrat
Umdondosikazi yisilwane esincanyana somndeni we-mole. Kungokwesigaba se-sireletsetivores. Esikhathini esedlule - into yokuzingela okusebenzayo. Njengamanje, lesi silwane sisohlwini lweNcwadi ebomvu yaseRussia futhi sivikelwe. Ukuchazwa okugcwele ngokuphelele komuntu obamba izilwane kuchazwe ngezansi.
IVykhuhol iyisidalwa esinqabile kunazo zonke zezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo eRussia. Phambilini, kwakuvame ukuhlangana eYurophu eziqhingini zaseBrithani. Indawo yemvelo yesimanje yemuskrat ilinganiselwe kumabhansi amaVolga, Dnieper, Urals noDon. Isatholakala nase-Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Belarus naseLithuania.
Ukubonakala kwesilo somuntu kuyahlaba umxhwele nokungajwayelekile kwaso. Lesi yisilo esikhulu kunalokho esinomzimba ongamasentimitha angama-18- 22 ubude, sinomsila wobude obufanayo nesisindo esingama-520 g. Umsila we-desman umbozwe isikali sezikali ezi-horny, kanye nangaphezulu ngezinwele ezinzima ezakha i-keel. Umsila ezansi kunjengokungathi kudonswe (lapho kukhona ubukhulu obukhulu). Ngemuva kokuncanca (ingxenye yesithathu yobude bomsila) ukuqina okwenziwe ngesondo. Kunezindlala ezinamakha, ezinephunga elimnandi, uketshezi olunamafutha okuphuma kuzo izimbobo eziningi - zitholakala ngaphansi kwesixaka salokhu kukhula. Umsila ongemuva kokuqina ugcizelelwa kamuva. Ukuvuleka kwamakhala komuntu ofile kuvaliwe kusetshenziswa isivalo esikhethekile emgodini wamakhala. Isilwane sinomsindo omude kakhulu, futhi izinwele ezibucayi zikhula emzimbeni waso. Umdwebi unemilenze emifushane, engu-5, lapho izinyawo ezingemuva zibanzi futhi zinkulu kunezinyawo zangaphambili. Iminwe emiunweni iyahlanganiswa yimicu yokubhukuda. Izipikili zinde, zithuthukiswe kahle futhi zigobile kancane. Umngcele wezinwele ezilukhuni ugijima emaphethelweni we-paws, ukhulisa indawo yokubhukuda yewashi ngalinye. Uboya bendoda buhle kakhulu, bukhulu, buqinile. Izinwele ze-Fur edeseni azihlelwanga njengakwezinye izilwane: zinwebeka ziye phezulu ziseyimpande. Umbala wangemuva ungwephuzi noma onsundu omnyama, isisu sinombala onsiliva noma omhlophe.
U-Ermine
I-ermine isilwane esincane somndeni womfel 'ukholo. Ngaphandle, kubukeka njengomfel 'ukholo: umzimba ofanayo ophakeme, imilenze emifushane nentamo ende. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ermine inezindlebe ezincane eziyindilinga, ejwayelekile yazo zonke izilwane zamaKunim. Ukubonakala kwesilwane muhle ngokukhohlisa, kepha empeleni, i-ermine iyisidlakudla esinobungozi, nesibindi futhi esichitha igazi. Lapho isilwane singenayo enye indlela yokuphuma, singamhlasela umuntu. Uboya bayo mhlawumbe bubaluleke kunazo zonke izilwane zoboya. I-ermine ikhishwa ngokunembile ngenxa yoboya. Emvelweni, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-26 zangaphambilini ze-ermine, ezihluke ngohlobo loboya kanye nosayizi wesilwane.
I-ermine isilwane esincane esifana ne-mustine ekwakhiweni komzimba wayo nekhanda. Umzimba mncane futhi mude futhi uvumelana nezimo, njengoba lesi silwane sihola indlela yokuphila yeselula futhi sisebenzisa izinduku. Ama-paws amafushane, ngakho-ke i-ermine ibukeka njenge-squat. Zinezindala ezinde, ezibukhali, eziyishumi ezimsiza ukuba adabule phakathi kwezihlahla, nokho, azinamandla ngokwanele ukumba izimbobo. Kukhona futhi nezitho zokuxhuma emilenzeni yesilwane, embozwe yi-moss ebusika, okwandisa indawo yama-paws nokwenza kube lula ukuthi isilwane sizungeze eqhweni. Ikhanda lingunxantathu ngesigaxa esikhombe, izindlebe ziyindilinga, njengawo wonke amabele, ikhala namehlo amnyama. I-ermine inamazinyo abukhali kakhulu, ngoba ukudla kwayo okuyinhloko ngamagundane.
Lesi silwane esincane sigugile futhi siguge kakhulu. Uhamba ngokushesha nengxabano encane. Ukuzingela ngenkathi efudumele, i-ermine ingahamba ibanga elingamakhilomitha ayishumi nanhlanu phakathi nosuku, kuze kufike ebangeni elingamakhilomitha amathathu ebusika. Ekhavini leqhwa, lesi silwane sihamba size sifinyelele kumuntu ongamamitha ubude, kanti esijujile sinemilenze engemuva. Lapho abanye abahlaseli bemhlasela, uncamela ukuhlala ezihlahleni kuze kube yilapho lowo omsukelayo eqhubeka.
I-ermine futhi inezitha, yilezi: i-fox ebomvu ne-grey, i-marten, i-sable, i-ilka, i-badger yaseMelika kanye nezinyoni ezidla inyama. Kunamacala wokuthi i-ermine ibanjwa amakati asekhaya. Izilwane eziningi zibulawa yisifo nge-nematode, isifo esidala ukuthwalwa ngabaduni.
Izinyoka ezivamile
Le nyoka inobude obungamamitha angama-35-50. Inyoka ejwayelekile ingaba ngemibala ehlukene, kepha kunesici esisodwa esivelelayo kuzo zonke izinyoka: iyi-zigzag emnyama ngemuva, kusukela emuva kwekhanda kuze kube sekupheleni komsila, ohambisana nhlangothi zombili ngomugqa omude wezindawo ezimnyama. Singafunga ukuthi umbala oyinhloko wezinyoka uyisiliva, kepha lokhu kunemibandela, ngoba kutholakala abantu abangwevu, ophuzi, oluhlaza kanye nensundu. Isisu senyoka simnyama ngampunga noma simnyama. Ukuphela komsila kuhlala kukhanya ngombala, imvamisa ilamula.
Ama-Vipers anamehlo amakhulu, ayindilinga. Abanye bathi bakhombisa uhlobo oluthile lobuqili nolaka. Umbala we-iris uvame ukubomvu okukhanyayo obomvu, izintokazi ezimnyama - zibomvu ngombala obomvu.
Endaweni yokuhlala, izinyoka azinakho ukubekelwa phansi okuthile, zingatholakala lapha nalaphaya: emahlathini naseziwugwadule, ezintabeni, emadwaleni, emasimini, ezixhotsheni, ngisho nasezitebhisini. Into esemqoka ukuthi kunokudla okwanele nokukhanya, kanti kokunye akubeki izidingo ezikhethekile. Ikakhulu amaqanda amaningi atholakala ezindaweni ezinam marshy. Lapha bahlala kwesinye isikhathi ngamanani asabekayo.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izinyoka zithanda ukukhanya nokufudumala, akunakuphikwa ukuthi inyoka le iphila impilo yansuku zonke, kunalokho, ziyahamba kancane ntambama, zithanda ukukhipha ilanga, kuthi ngakusasa, amakati aqale ukusebenza futhi azulazule ayozingela. Ngisho namehlo akhe ahleleleke ekuboneni ebumnyameni: umfundi angakhuphuka futhi anciphe, okungajwayelekile eziwombeni ezidliwayo.
Ukudla kwezinyoka ikakhulukazi kwenziwa ngezilwane ezinegazi elifudumele, ikakhulukazi amagundane, inyoka eyithandayo kunoma yikuphi okunye ukudla. Ngokwalokho okubonwe ososayensi kulandela ukuthi akabambeki amagundane hhayi emhlabathini kuphela, kodwa nangaphansi komhlaba. Imikhaza, ikakhulukazi lezo zinyoni ezidla phansi emhlabathini, zivame ukuwela inyoka. Ungadla izinyoni ezindala. Udla amasele nezibungu njengezinyathelo sokugcina.